A method for rapid propagation of high-quality azalea seedlings

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapid propagation of high-quality azalea seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of seedling propagation. The invention establishes a set of efficient rapid propagation methods for high-quality azalea seedlings from the aspects of selection and processing of cuttings, selection of substrates, cutting methods, water and fertilizer, and pest and disease management, and effectively improves the rooting rate and rooting quality. The rooting rate can reach more than 90%, and the invention is an efficient rapid propagation method for azalea.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seedling propagation, and in particular to a method for rapid propagation of high-quality azalea seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Azaleas are tall, luxuriant, beautiful, and resistant to pruning. They have large, bright flowers, a long flowering period, small, dense leaves, and different shades of leaf color during different growth periods. Azaleas have high ornamental and medicinal value. The demand for ornamental azalea seedlings is currently in short supply. In recent years, azaleas have gradually occupied the New Year flower market. Among the vast number of orchids, azaleas have become people's new favorite and curiosity. It is estimated that the annual sales volume of potted azaleas in the Chinese market is 50,000 to 60,000 pots. The price of azaleas remains high because of the small quantity and beautiful flowers. Even so, as an emerging New Year flower, azaleas still have broad development prospects.

[0003] Grafting propagation is labor-intensive, has a low survival rate, and requires a high level of technology. Tissue culture propagation is too expensive and has a low survival rate. Cutting propagation is low-cost, easy to operate, has a short vegetative growth period, and has a large number of propagation. It is the most suitable method for the introduction and breeding of azaleas.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN104541838A discloses a cutting propagation technology for azalea, comprising the following steps: (1) soil treatment; (2) building a sunshade; (3) selecting a mother plant for azalea cuttings; (4) cutting treatment; (5) cutting; (6) transplanting; (7) daily management, regular sprinkler irrigation, maintaining soil moisture, and fertilizing and pest control. The azalea cutting propagation technology provided by the invention is simple, does not require precise control of the temperature and humidity of the environment, greatly reduces the breeding cost, and the cost can be reduced by 42%. The survival rate of azaleas bred by this method reaches 89.6%, which has promotion value. The cuttings of the invention are prone to decay and deterioration due to being in a high humidity environment for a long time, resulting in root rot, which in turn affects their survival rate. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the invention is to provide a method for rapid propagation of high-quality azalea seedlings. The invention establishes a set of efficient rapid propagation methods for high-quality azalea seedlings from the aspects of selection and processing of cuttings, selection of substrates, cutting methods, water and fertilizer, and pest and disease management.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a method for rapid propagation of high-quality azalea seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1 Selection and cutting of cuttings: Cuttings are collected from azalea mother trees that have been cultivated for 5 years in the azalea base. After the flowers bloom, new branches of the year that are strong and disease-free are selected as cuttings in May and June. The cuttings are 6-8 cm long and retain 3-4 leaves on the upper part.

[0008] Treatment of S2 cuttings: Soak the cuttings in rooting agent and dry them naturally in the shade;

[0009] S3 Select a substrate bed with loose soil, smooth drainage and fertility as the azalea breeding ground, remove weeds, deep plow 30-35cm to make a seedbed, and then insert the cuttings soaked in rooting agent into the seedbed, so that the first leaf at the base of the cuttings is 2±0.2cm away from the surface of the seedbed;

[0010] S4 After cutting, water the cutting bed thoroughly with clean water, cover the cutting bed with plastic arch film, maintain 80%~90% air humidity in the shed, ventilate and prevent diseases in time, spray 0.1-0.2wt% carbendazim aqueous solution every 10-15d, and cover the arch shed with a shade net to meet different lighting requirements. When the temperature is above 35℃, the shading rate is 95%; when the temperature is between 20~35℃, the shading rate is 70%; when the temperature is below 20℃, no shade net is needed; no shading is needed in the morning and evening, cloudy days, and rainy days; spray water once in the morning and evening every day to keep the seedbed moist, loosen the soil and weed in time; when the seedling height is 30-35cm, apply topdressing, and after 30-40 days of seedling raising, transplant the azalea seedlings out of the nursery;

[0011] In the step S3, the matrix is ​​a mixture of loess, compound organic fertilizer, vermiculite and river sand in a mass ratio of 5-10:3-5:0.5-1:0.5-1;

[0012] The preparation method of the composite organic fertilizer is as follows:

[0013] (1) drying and crushing peat, coconut residue and oil cake, and then immersing them in a NaOH aqueous solution, filtering after immersion, washing and drying to obtain pre-treated waste, adding the pre-treated waste to N,N-dimethylformamide, adding 2-aminoterephthalic acid, triethylenetetramine and epichlorohydrin, adjusting the pH value to 8-10 with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating for reaction, cooling after the reaction is completed, filtering, washing and drying to obtain modified waste;

[0014] (2) placing bentonite in a dilute acid aqueous solution for immersion, filtering, washing and drying after the immersion is completed to obtain pretreated bentonite; adding the pretreated bentonite to water, adding 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, epichlorohydrin and sodium dodecyl sulfate, adjusting the pH value to 8-10 with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and then performing a hydrothermal reaction in a high-pressure reactor, filtering, washing and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain thiolated modified bentonite; dispersing the thiolated modified bentonite in water, adding sodium alginate, heating and stirring, cooling and filtering, and drying to obtain modified bentonite;

[0015] (3) inoculating Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus in a solid culture medium at an inoculation amount of 2-3 wt %, culturing at 25-30° C. for 40-48 h, respectively preparing Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid, and then adding the Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid to modified bentonite for adsorption to obtain the composite bacterial agent;

[0016] (4) The modified waste, the composite bacterial agent, chicken manure and humic acid are uniformly mixed to obtain the composite organic fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, in step S1, the cuttings are one of tender branches, semi-lignified branches and fully lignified branches.

[0018] Preferably, the rooting agent in step S2 is one of diacetyl rooting agent, indoleacetic acid and α-naphthylacetic acid.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of peat, coconut residue, oil cake, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, triethylenetetramine and epichlorohydrin is 20-30:20-30:20-30:5-8:6-10:10-15.

[0020] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of pretreated bentonite, 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, epichlorohydrin, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium alginate is 100:8-15:5-10:1-3:10-15, and the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 60-80°C and the time is 3-6h.

[0021] Preferably, the solid culture medium in step (3) is composed of 2-5wt% glucose, 5-10wt% agar, 2-5wt% peptone, 2-5wt% beef extract, and the remainder is water.

[0022] Preferably, in step (3), the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis solution, the Bacillus laterosporus solution, the Paecilomyces lilacinus solution, and the modified bentonite is 1-2:1-2:1-2:4-5.

[0023] Preferably, in step (4), the mass ratio of the modified waste, the composite bacterial agent, chicken manure, and humic acid is 3-10:1-2:12-15:4-6.

[0024] The composite organic fertilizer provided by the present invention first modifies agricultural waste peat, coconut residue and oil cake which can provide organic matter for plant growth. Peat, coconut residue and oil cake contain a large number of active functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl, which can be activated under alkali treatment conditions. Then 2-aminoterephthalic acid and triethylenetetramine are grafted onto the agricultural waste. 2-aminoterephthalic acid and triethylenetetramine are rich in active groups such as amino and carboxyl. The two act synergistically to improve the complexing sites and complexing strength of agricultural waste chelating trace elements, improve the load of agricultural waste on organic small molecules, N, P, K and other nutrients and trace elements in the soil environment, reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients, and meet the nutritional needs of seedling rooting. Then, bentonite is modified by acid treatment and calcination to increase its active adsorption sites and increase its adsorption capacity. Then, 4-aminoterephthalic acid and triethylenetetramine are grafted onto the agricultural waste. -2-Mercaptopyrimidine is grafted onto the surface of bentonite through the cross-linking effect of epichlorohydrin, which can improve the adsorption capacity of bentonite for heavy metal ions such as Hg, Pb, and Cd, and avoid heavy metal ions in the soil inhibiting the root growth of seedlings; by coating bentonite with sodium alginate, on the one hand, the water retention of bentonite is improved, and on the other hand, the adhesion between bentonite and bacteria is increased, effectively preventing the bacteria from falling off. Compared with free beneficial active bacteria, the bacterial activity and density per unit volume are higher, and a good carrier and nutrients can be provided for the proliferation of active bacteria, thereby secreting more active substances that can promote the growth of seedlings. When the seedlings grow, a protective layer can be formed around the rhizosphere of the seedlings, which can effectively remove pathogens on the surface of the roots of the seedlings, effectively control the long-term high-humidity environment of the substrate during the seedling stage, which is prone to deterioration and causes root rot, promote rooting and root growth of seedlings, promote growth and development, and thus improve the survival rate of seedlings.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention adopts a cutting method, which is simpler than the traditional grafting method, easier to train relevant operators, more applicable, and effectively solves the problem that azalea cuttings are not easy to root, and the cutting propagation rate and survival rate are low, and effectively improves the rooting rate and rooting quality. The rooting rate can reach more than 90%, which is one of the effective and rapid propagation methods of azalea;

[0027] 2. The present invention adopts peat, coconut residue, oil cake and bentonite which are easy to obtain and inexpensive, greatly reducing the cost of the special environmentally friendly cultivation substrate for azalea; by adding compound organic fertilizer to the substrate, the load of agricultural waste on organic small molecules, N, P, K and other nutrients and trace elements in the soil environment can be increased, the loss of fertilizer nutrients can be reduced, and the nutritional needs of seedling rooting can be met; and heavy metal ions in the soil can be prevented from inhibiting the root growth of seedlings; and the root rot caused by the long-term high humidity environment of the substrate during the seedling stage can be effectively controlled, thereby promoting the rooting and root growth of the seedlings, promoting growth and development, and thus improving the survival rate of the seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To avoid redundancy, the items used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified, and the methods used are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0029] The sources of some raw materials used in the present invention are as follows:

[0030] Bacillus subtilis, CICC 25064, was purchased from China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0031] Brevibacillus laterosporus, CICC 22321, was purchased from China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0032] Paecilomyces lilacinus, CICC 40276, was purchased from China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0033] Bentonite, particle size 50μm, density 2g / cm 3 , with an apparent viscosity of 300 mPa‧s, purchased from Lingshou County Malin Mineral Products Processing Plant. Example 1

[0034] A composite organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) 25.8 g of peat, 25 g of coconut residue, and 25.6 g of oil cake were dried and crushed to 1 mm, and then immersed in 1000 mL of 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the pre-treated waste was filtered, washed and dried to obtain a pre-treated waste. The pre-treated waste was added to 500 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and then 6.6 g of 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 8.3 g of triethylenetetramine, and 12.5 g of epichlorohydrin were added. The pH value was adjusted to 9 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the reaction was heated at 60 ° C for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the waste was cooled, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a modified waste.

[0036] (2) 200 g of bentonite was immersed in 600 mL of 10 wt% dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated bentonite. 100 g of pretreated bentonite was added to 500 mL of water, 12.6 g of 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, 6.8 g of epichlorohydrin and 2 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate were added, the pH value was adjusted to 9 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and then the mixture was hydrothermally reacted at 70 ° C in a high pressure reactor for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain thiolated modified bentonite. The thiolated modified bentonite was dispersed in 500 mL of water, 13.8 g of sodium alginate was added, the mixture was heated and stirred at 80 ° C for 2 h, cooled and filtered, and the solid matter was collected and dried to obtain modified bentonite.

[0037] (3) Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were inoculated in a solid culture medium consisting of 3wt% glucose, 8wt% agar, 3wt% peptone, 3wt% beef extract, and 83wt% water, respectively, with an inoculation amount of 3wt%, and cultured at 28°C under aerobic conditions in the dark for 48h to prepare Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid, respectively. Subsequently, 15g of Bacillus subtilis liquid, 15g of Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and 15g of Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid were added to 45.6g of modified bentonite for adsorption to obtain the composite bacterial agent;

[0038] (4) 50 g of modified waste, 15 g of composite bacterial agent, 135 g of chicken manure, and 50.2 g of humic acid were uniformly mixed to obtain the composite organic fertilizer. Example 2

[0039] A composite organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (1) 20 g of peat, 20.5 g of coconut residue, and 20 g of oil cake were dried and crushed to 1 mm, and then immersed in 1000 mL of 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the pre-treated waste was filtered, washed and dried to obtain pre-treated waste. The pre-treated waste was added to 500 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and then 5.3 g of 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 6.5 g of triethylenetetramine, and 10.8 g of epichlorohydrin were added. The pH value was adjusted to 8 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the reaction was heated at 60 ° C for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified waste;

[0041] (2) 200 g of bentonite was immersed in 600 mL of 10 wt% dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated bentonite. 100 g of pretreated bentonite was added to 500 mL of water, 8.5 g of 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, 5.4 g of epichlorohydrin and 2 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate were added, the pH value was adjusted to 9 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and then the mixture was hydrothermally reacted at 70° C. for 3-6 h in a high-pressure reactor. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain thiolated modified bentonite. The thiolated modified bentonite was dispersed in 500 mL of water, 10.2 g of sodium alginate was added, the mixture was heated and stirred at 80° C. for 2 h, cooled and filtered, and the solid matter was collected and dried to obtain modified bentonite.

[0042] (3) Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were inoculated in a solid culture medium consisting of 3wt% glucose, 8wt% agar, 3wt% peptone, 3wt% beef extract, and 83wt% water, respectively, with an inoculation amount of 3wt%, and cultured at 28°C under aerobic conditions in the dark for 48h to prepare Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid, respectively. Subsequently, 15g of Bacillus subtilis liquid, 15g of Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and 15g of Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid were added to 45.6g of modified bentonite for adsorption to obtain the composite bacterial agent;

[0043] (4) 50 g of modified waste, 15 g of composite bacterial agent, 135 g of chicken manure, and 50.2 g of humic acid were uniformly mixed to obtain the composite organic fertilizer. Example 3

[0044] A composite organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0045] (1) 30 g of peat, 29.8 g of coconut residue, and 30 g of oil cake were dried and crushed to 1 mm, and then immersed in 1000 mL of 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the pre-treated waste was filtered, washed and dried to obtain pre-treated waste. The pre-treated waste was added to 500 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and then 8 g of 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 10 g of triethylenetetramine, and 15 g of epichlorohydrin were added. The pH value was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the reaction was heated at 60 ° C for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the waste was cooled, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain modified waste;

[0046] (2) 200 g of bentonite was immersed in 600 mL of 10 wt% dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated bentonite. 100 g of pretreated bentonite was added to 500 mL of water, 15 g of 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, 10 g of epichlorohydrin and 3 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate were added, the pH value was adjusted to 9 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and then the mixture was hydrothermally reacted at 70 ° C for 3-6 h in a high pressure reactor. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain thiolated modified bentonite. The thiolated modified bentonite was dispersed in 500 mL of water, 15 g of sodium alginate was added, the mixture was heated and stirred at 80 ° C for 2 h, cooled and filtered, and the solid matter was collected and dried to obtain modified bentonite.

[0047] (3) Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were inoculated in a solid culture medium consisting of 3wt% glucose, 8wt% agar, 3wt% peptone, 3wt% beef extract, and 83wt% water, respectively, with an inoculation amount of 3wt%, and cultured at 28°C under aerobic conditions in the dark for 48h to prepare Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid, respectively. Subsequently, 15g of Bacillus subtilis liquid, 15g of Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and 15g of Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid were added to 45.6g of modified bentonite for adsorption to obtain the composite bacterial agent;

[0048] (4) 50 g of modified waste, 15 g of composite bacterial agent, 135 g of chicken manure, and 50.2 g of humic acid were uniformly mixed to obtain the composite organic fertilizer.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] A composite organic fertilizer, the preparation method thereof is similar to that of Example 1, except that the agricultural waste is not modified, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0051] (1) 25.8 g of peat, 25 g of coconut residue, and 25.6 g of oil cake were dried and crushed to 1 mm, and then immersed in 1000 mL of 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the pre-treated waste was filtered, washed, and dried;

[0052] (2) 200 g of bentonite was immersed in 600 mL of 10 wt% dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated bentonite. 100 g of pretreated bentonite was added to 500 mL of water, and 12.6 g of 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, 6.8 g of epichlorohydrin, 2 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 12.7 g of sodium alginate were added. The mixture was hydrothermally reacted at 70 ° C for 3-6 h in a high pressure reactor. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified bentonite.

[0053] (3) Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were inoculated in a solid culture medium consisting of 3wt% glucose, 8wt% agar, 3wt% peptone, 3wt% beef extract, and 83wt% water, respectively, with an inoculation amount of 3wt%, and cultured at 28°C under aerobic conditions in the dark for 48h to prepare Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid, respectively. Subsequently, 15g of Bacillus subtilis liquid, 15g of Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and 15g of Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid were added to 45.6g of modified bentonite for adsorption to obtain the composite bacterial agent;

[0054] (4) 50 g of pretreated waste, 15 g of composite bacterial agent, 135 g of chicken manure, and 50.2 g of humic acid were uniformly mixed to obtain the composite organic fertilizer.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] A composite organic fertilizer, the preparation method thereof is similar to that of Example 1, except that beneficial bacteria are not added, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0057] (1) 25.8 g of peat, 25 g of coconut residue, and 25.6 g of oil cake were dried and crushed to 1 mm, and then immersed in 1000 mL of 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the pre-treated waste was filtered, washed and dried to obtain a pre-treated waste. The pre-treated waste was added to 500 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and then 6.6 g of 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 8.3 g of triethylenetetramine, and 12.5 g of epichlorohydrin were added. The pH value was adjusted to 9 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the reaction was heated at 60 ° C for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the waste was cooled, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a modified waste.

[0058] (2) 200 g of bentonite was immersed in 600 mL of 10 wt% dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain pretreated bentonite. 100 g of pretreated bentonite was added to 500 mL of water, 12.6 g of 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, 6.8 g of epichlorohydrin and 2 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate were added, the pH value was adjusted to 9 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and then the mixture was hydrothermally reacted at 70 ° C in a high pressure reactor for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain thiolated modified bentonite. The thiolated modified bentonite was dispersed in 500 mL of water, 13.8 g of sodium alginate was added, the mixture was heated and stirred at 80 ° C for 2 h, cooled and filtered, and the solid matter was collected and dried to obtain modified bentonite.

[0059] (3) 50 g of the modified waste, 15 g of modified bentonite, 135 g of chicken manure, and 50.2 g of humic acid were uniformly mixed to obtain the composite organic fertilizer.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] A composite organic fertilizer, the preparation method thereof is similar to that of Example 1, except that modified bentonite is not added, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0062] (1) 25.8 g of peat, 25 g of coconut residue, and 25.6 g of oil cake were dried and crushed to 1 mm, and then immersed in 1000 mL of 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution for 3 h. After the immersion was completed, the pre-treated waste was filtered, washed and dried to obtain a pre-treated waste. The pre-treated waste was added to 500 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and then 6.6 g of 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 8.3 g of triethylenetetramine, and 12.5 g of epichlorohydrin were added. The pH value was adjusted to 9 with 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the reaction was heated at 60 ° C for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the waste was cooled, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a modified waste.

[0063] (2) Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were inoculated in a solid culture medium consisting of 3wt% glucose, 8wt% agar, 3wt% peptone, 3wt% beef extract, and 83wt% water, respectively, with an inoculation amount of 3wt%, and cultured at 28°C under aerobic conditions in the dark for 48h to prepare Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid, respectively, and then 15g of Bacillus subtilis liquid, 15g of Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and 15g of Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid were mixed evenly to obtain the composite bacterial agent;

[0064] (3) 50 g of modified waste, 15 g of composite bacterial agent, 135 g of chicken manure, and 50.2 g of humic acid were uniformly mixed to obtain the composite organic fertilizer.

[0065] The compound organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used for rapid propagation of high-quality azalea seedlings, respectively. The following propagation method was used. Three replicate groups were set for each compound organic fertilizer. Each replicate group included 50 azalea cuttings. A comparative experiment was conducted and the rooting rate and seedling rate were counted. The propagation method included the following steps:

[0066] S1 cuttings were collected from azalea mother trees cultivated for 5 years in the azalea base. After the flowers bloomed, semi-lignified branches of the current year that were strong and disease-free were selected as cuttings in May. The cuttings were 7 cm long and retained the top 4 leaves.

[0067] S2: Soak the cuttings in a 200 mg / L Shuangjier rooting agent aqueous solution for 1 hour and then dry them naturally in the shade;

[0068] S3 selects a substrate bed with loose soil, smooth drainage and fertile soil as the azalea breeding site, removes weeds, and deep plows 32 cm to make a seedbed, then inserts the cuttings soaked in rooting agent into the seedbed, so that the first leaf at the base of the cuttings is 2±0.2 cm away from the surface of the seedbed; the substrate is a mixture of loess, compound organic fertilizer, vermiculite and river sand in a mass ratio of 8:4:0.6:0.8.

[0069] After S4 cuttings, water the cutting bed thoroughly with clean water, cover the cutting bed with plastic arch film, maintain 85% air humidity in the shed, ventilate in time and prevent diseases, spray 0.1wt% carbendazim aqueous solution every 12 days, and cover the arch shed with a shade net to meet different lighting requirements. When the temperature is above 35℃, the shading rate is 95%; when the temperature is between 20~35℃, the shading rate is 70%; when the temperature is below 20℃, no shade net is needed; no shading is required in the morning and evening, cloudy and rainy days; spray water once in the morning and evening every day to keep the seedbed moist, loosen the soil and weed in time; when the seedlings are 30-35cm tall, apply topdressing, and after 35 days of seedling cultivation, transplant the azalea seedlings out of the nursery.

[0070] The experimental results are shown in Table 1:

[0071] Table 1 Results of the rapid propagation experiment of high-quality azalea seedlings

[0072]

[0073] It can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1 that the rooting rate of azalea seedlings obtained by rapid propagation of high-quality azalea seedlings using the compound organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 can reach 95.33%, and the seedling rate is 94%, which successfully solves the problems of azalea rooting difficulty, low cutting propagation rate and survival rate in the prior art.

[0074] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid propagation of high-quality azalea seedlings, characterized in that: The steps include: S1 Selection and cutting of cuttings: Cuttings are collected from azalea mother trees that have been cultivated for 5 years in the azalea base. After the flowers bloom, new branches of the year that are strong and disease-free are selected as cuttings in May and June. The cuttings are 6-8 cm long and retain 3-4 leaves on the upper part. Treatment of S2 cuttings: Soak the cuttings in rooting agent and dry them naturally in the shade; S3 Select a substrate bed with loose soil, smooth drainage and fertility as the azalea breeding ground, remove weeds, deep plow 30-35cm to make a seedbed, and then insert the cuttings soaked in rooting agent into the seedbed, so that the first leaf at the base of the cuttings is 2±0.2cm away from the surface of the seedbed; S4 After cutting, water the cutting bed thoroughly with clean water, cover the cutting bed with plastic arch film, maintain 80%~90% air humidity in the shed, ventilate and prevent diseases in time, spray 0.1-0.2wt% carbendazim aqueous solution every 10-15d, and cover the arch shed with a shade net to meet different lighting requirements. When the temperature is above 35℃, the shading rate is 95%; when the temperature is between 20~35℃, the shading rate is 70%; when the temperature is below 20℃, no shade net is needed; no shading is needed in the morning and evening, cloudy days, and rainy days; spray water once in the morning and evening every day to keep the seedbed moist, loosen the soil and weed in time; when the seedling height is 30-35cm, apply topdressing, and after 30-40 days of seedling raising, transplant the azalea seedlings out of the nursery; In the step S3, the matrix is ​​a mixture of loess, compound organic fertilizer, vermiculite and river sand in a mass ratio of 5-10:3-5:0.5-1:0.5-1; The preparation method of the composite organic fertilizer is as follows: (1) drying and crushing peat, coconut residue and oil cake, and then immersing them in a NaOH aqueous solution, filtering after immersion, washing and drying to obtain pre-treated waste, adding the pre-treated waste to N,N-dimethylformamide, adding 2-aminoterephthalic acid, triethylenetetramine and epichlorohydrin, adjusting the pH value to 8-10 with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, heating for reaction, cooling after the reaction is completed, filtering, washing and drying to obtain modified waste; (2) impregnating bentonite in a dilute acid aqueous solution, filtering, washing and drying after the impregnation to obtain pretreated bentonite; The pretreated bentonite is added to water, 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, epichlorohydrin, and sodium dodecyl sulfate are added, the pH value is adjusted to 8-10 with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and then a hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a high-pressure reactor. After the reaction is completed, the bentonite is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the thiol-modified bentonite; Dispersing the thiol modified bentonite in water, adding sodium alginate, heating and stirring, cooling and filtering, and drying to obtain the modified bentonite; (3) inoculating Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus in a solid culture medium at an inoculation amount of 2-3 wt %, culturing at 25-30° C. for 40-48 h, respectively preparing Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid, and then adding the Bacillus subtilis liquid, Brevibacillus laterosporus liquid, and Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid to modified bentonite for adsorption to obtain a composite bacterial agent; (4) The modified waste, the composite bacterial agent, chicken manure and humic acid are uniformly mixed to obtain the composite organic fertilizer.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the cuttings are one of tender branches, semi-lignified branches and completely lignified branches.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rooting agent in step S2 is one of digimon rooting agent, indoleacetic acid and α-naphthylacetic acid.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the mass ratio of peat, coconut residue, oil cake, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, triethylenetetramine and epichlorohydrin is 20-30:20-30:20-30:5-8:6-10:10-15.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mass ratio of the pretreated bentonite, 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, epichlorohydrin, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium alginate is 100:8-15:5-10:1-3:10-15.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in step (2) is 60-80° C. and the time is 3-6 hours.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis solution, the Bacillus laterosporus solution, the Paecilomyces lilacinus solution and the modified bentonite is 1-2:1-2:1-2:4-5.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the mass ratio of the modified waste, the composite bacterial agent, the chicken manure and the humic acid is 3-10:1-2:12-15:4-6.

Images