Seed germination and breeding method for dalbergia nepalensis

Abstract

The invention provides a nepal dalbergia odorifera seed germination breeding method, which comprises the following steps of: solarizing selected nepal dalbergia odorifera seeds in the sun, pouring hot water into the seeds, stirring while pouring so that the seeds are uniformly heated, cooling and soaking; the seeds with the softened seed coats are taken out for standby application, the remaining seeds are subjected to the seed coat softening treatment repeatedly with hot water, then the seeds with the softened seed coats are taken out for standby application, and the remaining unsoftened seeds are fished out and then returned to the previous seed drying operation; the seeds with the softened seed coats are collected in water with the temperature lower than 36 DEG C, ultrasonic pretreatment is adopted for removing small bubbles adsorbed on the seeds, then ultrasonic treatment is conducted on the seeds, and then a gibberellin solution is adopted for soaking the seeds; digging a shallow pit at a leeward and sunny place, paving wet sand at the bottom of the pit, uniformly mixing the seeds treated by the ultrasonic waves and gibberellin with the wet sand, placing the mixture in the pit, covering a plastic film for accelerating germination, paying attention to keeping the temperature, moisture and ventilation state in the pit in the accelerating germination process, and sowing when the seeds germinate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of forestry, and in particular to a method for germinating and growing seeds of Nepalese yellow cycads. Background Art

[0004] Ultrasound is an elastic mechanical wave with a frequency exceeding 20KHz. It has a wide range of biological effects. Ultrasonic treatment with appropriate frequency can effectively break seed dormancy, promote seed germination and seedling growth, and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes to improve seed stress resistance. Gibberellic acid belongs to a class of tetracyclic diterpenoid compounds in organisms, and more than 100 species have been discovered so far. Gibberellic acid is one of the six major plant hormones, which can promote plant cell elongation, stem elongation, leaf expansion, accelerate growth and development, make crops mature early, and increase yield or improve quality; at the same time, it can break seed dormancy and promote its germination; it can also reduce the shedding of plant organs, increase the fruit setting rate of plants or form seedless fruits, etc. After plant seeds are treated with ultrasound and gibberellins together, they can quickly break seed dormancy, effectively improve seed germination, and enhance their stress resistance.

[0005] At present, the methods for the germination and seedling development of Nepal yellow flower wood in China mainly focus on physical methods such as sandpaper polishing and mechanical extrusion, and chemical methods such as soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate and other reagents. However, the existing methods are prone to damage the seed structure, thus affecting the germination and seedling effect. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems in the background technology, the present invention provides a method for seed germination and breeding of Nepal yellow flower wood. The present invention mainly innovates in seed selection, seed coat softening, ultrasonic treatment, gibberellin seed soaking, germination and breeding management, and provides technical support for the large-scale promotion and demonstration of Nepal yellow flower wood in cold and arid areas.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical features, the purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: a method for germinating and growing seeds of Nepalese yellow flower wood, comprising the following steps: 1) Seed selection: Choose fresh seeds of the current year that are free of pests and diseases, have full seeds, and are of uniform size; 2) Drying seeds: Expose the seeds selected in step 1) to the sun for 2-3 days, turning them over every 3-4 hours during the drying process to ensure that the seeds are evenly dried; 3) Warming up to soften the seed coat: Collect the Nepalese yellow flower tree seeds that have been evenly dried in step 2) in a bucket, add hot water of a certain temperature and proportion into the bucket, soak the seeds for a period of time, then take out the seeds with softened seed coats for later use, take out the remaining seeds that have not been softened and dry them, and repeat the above soaking and drying operations; 4) Ultrasonic treatment: The seeds of the Nepalese yellow flower tree with softened seed coat in step 3) are collected in water below 36°C, and pre-treated with ultrasound for 5 to 15 minutes to remove small bubbles adsorbed on the seeds, and then the seeds are treated with ultrasound for 20 to 60 minutes; 5) Gibberellic acid seed soaking: Collect the seeds of the Nepalese yellow flower tree treated with ultrasound in step 4) and soak them in a 1200mg / kg-13000mg / kg gibberellin solution for 18-24h; 6) Germination in batches: Dig a shallow pit of 30-35 cm in a sunny place away from the wind, spread a layer of wet sand with a moisture content of 60%-65% with a thickness of 10-15 cm on the bottom of the pit, mix the seeds soaked with gibberellin described in step 5) evenly with 3 times the volume of wet sand to ensure that all the seeds are buried in the wet sand, and cover the wet sand with plastic film for germination; during the germination process, pay attention to the temperature, moisture and ventilation conditions, and sow until the seeds germinate.

[0008] In the step 1), the seeds are screened with a coarse sieve to remove impurities, and then the seeds are soaked in salt water to remove floating objects.

[0009] In the step 1), the seed selection is carried out by flotation method, and the specific method is: using a mixed solution of salt water with a concentration of 15% to 20%, the volume of the salt water is 3 to 3.5 times the volume of the Nepalese yellow flower seeds, pouring the Nepalese yellow flower seeds into the salt water and stirring, and standing until the floating Nepalese yellow flower seeds and the sinking Nepalese yellow flower seeds are separated into layers, and the unqualified Nepalese yellow flower seeds floating on the upper layer are picked up, and the remaining ones are the required Nepalese yellow flower seeds with full particles and no insect damage.

[0010] The specific process of warming and softening the seed coat in step 2) is as follows: adding hot water at 60-70°C into the barrel, maintaining a volume ratio of seeds to hot water of 1:3, stirring while pouring to heat the seeds evenly, then naturally cooling and soaking for 24-26 hours; taking out the seeds with softened seed coats for use, taking out the remaining unsoftened seeds, drying them, and collecting them in a new barrel again, adding hot water at 70-80°C into the barrel, performing the same operation as above, maintaining a volume ratio of seeds to hot water of 1:3, stirring while pouring, then naturally cooling and soaking for 24-26 hours, then taking out the seeds with softened seed coats for use, taking out the remaining unsoftened seeds, and returning to the previous step of drying seeds.

[0011] The ultrasonic treatment conditions in step 4) are as follows: ultrasonic frequency is 40-50 kHz, temperature is 40-55° C., and treatment time is 40-60 min.

[0012] During the germination process in step 6), attention should be paid to temperature, moisture and ventilation conditions: the temperature should be within the range of 20-30°C; the moisture content of the sand bed should be controlled at 60%-65% in the first 2 days; after the seeds have absorbed enough moisture, the moisture content of the sand bed should be controlled at around 55% in 3-5 days, and should be controlled between 45% and 50% in the later period; attention should be paid to ventilation and air permeability, and rotten and moldy seeds should be removed in time.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. This germination and development method uses a warming method to soften the seed coat of the Nepalese yellowwood seeds during the softening seed coat stage. The temperature is increased in stages to effectively soften the seed coat and reduce pests and diseases. After the warming and softening of the seed coat, it is naturally cooled to further soften the seed coat, effectively improving the seed germination rate. The quality of the germinated Nepalese yellowwood seedlings is better.

[0014] 2. The seed selection is carried out by flotation method, using a salt water mixture, stirring and standing to quickly screen out Nepal yellow flower tree seeds with full particles and no insect damage. The method is simple, fast and easy to operate, and can also effectively reduce pests and diseases and improve the germination rate.

[0015] 3. The ultrasonic treatment of seeds, using 40-50kHz ultrasonic waves in a 40-55°C aqueous solution, can improve seed vitality, promote seed germination and seedling growth, and effectively enhance plant resistance.

[0016] 4. The ultrasonic pretreatment of seeds for 5 to 15 minutes is used to eliminate small bubbles on the surface of the seed coat. This operation step helps to reduce adverse reactions caused by bubbles, improve the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment, and reduce production time and cost.

[0017] 5. The gibberellin seed soaking is carried out using a 1200 mg / kg gibberellin solution, which effectively breaks the seed dormancy and promotes its germination.

[0018] 6. During the germination process, the temperature, moisture and ventilation conditions are controlled to ensure the water supply during the seed germination period. After the seeds absorb enough water, they expand and break through the seed coat to germinate. During the germination period, ventilation is provided to reduce seed rot and mildew. Rotten and mildewed seeds are removed in time, effectively mitigating the impact of diseases and pests, achieving healthy growth of seedlings, and effectively improving the ecological restoration effect.

[0019] 7. This method is highly operable, low-cost, and easy to implement assembly line operation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0021] Embodiment 1: A method for germinating and growing seeds of Nepalese yellow flower wood, the steps of which include: Seed selection: Use a coarse sieve to remove impurities, and then use the flotation method to select Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds with full grains and no insect damage. The method of flotation selection is: use a 15% salt water mixed solution, the volume of the salt water is 3 times the volume of the Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds, pour the Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds into the salt water and stir, let it stand until the floating Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds and the sinking Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds are separated, and the unqualified Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds floating on the upper layer are picked up, and the remaining ones are the required Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds with full grains and no insect damage; Seed drying: Expose the selected Nepal yellow flower tree seeds in the sun for 2 days, turning them over every 3 hours during the drying process to ensure that the seeds are evenly dried; Warming up to soften the seed coat: Collect the Nepalese yellow flower tree seeds that have been evenly dried in a bucket, add 60°C hot water to the bucket, keep the volume ratio of seeds to hot water at 1:3, and stir while pouring to heat the seeds evenly. Then cool naturally and soak for 24 hours. Take out the seeds with softened seed coats for use, remove the remaining unsoftened seeds, dry them, and collect them in a new bucket again. Add 70°C hot water to the bucket, and do the same as above, keep the volume ratio of seeds to hot water at 1:3, and stir while pouring. Then cool naturally and soak for 24 hours. Take out the seeds with softened seed coats for use, remove the remaining unsoftened seeds and return to the previous seed drying operation; Ultrasonic treatment: The seeds of the Nepalese yellow flower tree with softened seed coat are collected in water <36°C, and pre-treated with ultrasound for 5 minutes to remove small bubbles adsorbed on the seeds, and then the seeds are treated with ultrasound for 20 minutes; Gibberellic acid seed soaking: collect the above-mentioned Nepal yellow flower tree seeds after ultrasonic treatment and soak them in 1200mg / kg gibberellin solution for 18h; Germination in batches: dig a shallow pit with a depth of 30 cm in a sunny place sheltered from the wind, and spread a layer of wet sand with a moisture content of about 60% about 10 cm thick on the bottom of the pit. Evenly mix the seeds with softened seed coats and soaked in gibberellin with 3 times the volume of wet sand to ensure that all the seeds are buried in the wet sand. Cover the wet sand with plastic film for germination; during the germination process, pay attention to the temperature within the range of 20-30℃; the moisture content of the sand bed should be controlled at 60% in the first 2 days, and after the seeds absorb enough water, the moisture content of the sand bed should be controlled at about 55% in 3-5 days, and in the later period it should be controlled between 45%; pay attention to ventilation and air permeability, and remove rotten and moldy seeds in time until the seeds germinate (sprout).

[0022] Embodiment 2: A method for germinating and growing seeds of Nepalese yellow flower wood, the steps of which include: Seed selection: Use a coarse sieve to remove impurities, and then use the flotation method to select Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds with full grains and no insect damage. The method of flotation selection is: use a 20% salt water mixed solution, the volume of the salt water is 3.5 times the volume of the Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds, pour the Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds into the salt water and stir, let it stand until the floating Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds and the sinking Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds are separated, and the unqualified Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds floating on the upper layer are picked up, and the remaining ones are the required Nepalese yellow flower wood seeds with full grains and no insect damage; Drying seeds: Expose the selected Nepalese yellow flower tree seeds in the sun for 3 days, turning them over every 4 hours during the drying process to ensure that the seeds are evenly dried; Warming up to soften the seed coat: Collect the Nepalese yellow flower tree seeds that have been evenly dried in a bucket, add 70°C hot water to the bucket, keep the volume ratio of seeds to hot water at 1:3, and stir while pouring to heat the seeds evenly. Then cool naturally and soak for 26 hours. Take out the seeds with softened seed coats for use, remove the remaining unsoftened seeds, dry them, and collect them in a new bucket again. Add 80°C hot water to the bucket, and do the same as above, keep the volume ratio of seeds to hot water at 1:3, and stir while pouring. Then cool naturally and soak for 26 hours. Take out the seeds with softened seed coats for use, remove the remaining unsoftened seeds and return to the previous seed drying operation; Ultrasonic treatment: The seeds of the Nepalese yellow flower tree with softened seed coat are collected in water <36°C, and pre-treated with ultrasound for 15 minutes to remove small bubbles adsorbed on the seeds, and then the seeds are treated with ultrasound for 60 minutes; Gibberellic acid seed soaking: collect the above-mentioned Nepal yellow flower tree seeds after ultrasonic treatment and soak them in 1300mg / kg gibberellin solution for 24h; Germination in batches: dig a shallow pit with a depth of 35 cm in a sunny place sheltered from the wind, and spread a layer of wet sand with a moisture content of about 65% about 15 cm thick on the bottom of the pit. Evenly mix the seeds with softened seed coats and soaked in gibberellin with 3 times the volume of wet sand to ensure that all the seeds are buried in the wet sand. Cover the wet sand with plastic film for germination; during the germination process, pay attention to the temperature within the range of 20-30℃; the moisture content of the sand bed should be controlled at 65% in the first 2 days, and after the seeds absorb enough water, the moisture content of the sand bed should be controlled at about 55% within 3-5 days, and should be controlled between 50% in the later period; pay attention to ventilation and air permeability, and remove rotten and moldy seeds in time until the seeds germinate (sprout).

[0023] The germination of the seeds of the Nepalese yellow flower tree in each embodiment was observed, relevant data were collected, and the data were analyzed and compared with the prior art to obtain the following data in Table 1: Table 1

[0024] According to the data in the above table, it can be concluded that when the parameters of Example 1 are implemented, the technical parameters of the seed germination and development method of Nepal yellow flower wood of the present invention are a germination rate of Nepal yellow flower wood of 93%, an average height of buds of 3.6 cm, a germination period of 5 days, and an incidence of diseases and insect pests of 7%; when the parameters of Example 2 are implemented, the technical parameters of the seed germination and development method of Nepal yellow flower wood of the present invention are a germination rate of Nepal yellow flower wood of 95%, an average height of buds of 4.2 cm, a germination period of 3 days, and an incidence of diseases and insect pests of 5%; while the prior art standard is a germination rate of Nepal yellow flower wood of 90%, an average height of buds of 2.6 cm, a germination period of 7 days, and an incidence of diseases and insect pests of 10%. Therefore, the seed germination rate of the seed germination process of Nepal yellow flower wood of the present invention is higher, the growth condition of the germinated buds is better, the germination period is shorter, and the incidence of diseases and insect pests is lower, so the present invention has significant advantages.

[0025] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for seed germination and breeding of Nepalese yellow flower tree, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Seed selection: Choose fresh seeds of the current year that are free of pests and diseases, have full seeds, and are of uniform size; 2) Drying seeds: Expose the seeds selected in step 1) to the sun for 2-3 days, turning them over every 3-4 hours during the drying process to ensure that the seeds are evenly dried; 3) Warming up to soften the seed coat: Collect the Nepalese yellow flower tree seeds that have been evenly dried in step 2) in a bucket, add hot water of a certain temperature and proportion into the bucket, soak the seeds for a period of time, then take out the seeds with softened seed coats for later use, take out the remaining seeds that have not been softened and dry them, and repeat the above soaking and drying operations; 4) Ultrasonic treatment: The seeds of the Nepalese yellow flower tree with softened seed coat in step 3) are collected in water below 36°C, and pre-treated with ultrasound for 5 to 15 minutes to remove small bubbles adsorbed on the seeds, and then the seeds are treated with ultrasound for 20 to 60 minutes; 5) Gibberellic acid seed soaking: Collect the seeds of the Nepalese yellow flower tree treated with ultrasound in step 4) and soak them in a 1200 mg / kg to 13000 mg / kg gibberellin solution for 18 to 24 hours; 6) Germination in batches: Dig a shallow pit of 30-35 cm in a sunny place away from the wind, spread a layer of wet sand with a moisture content of 60%-65% with a thickness of 10-15 cm on the bottom of the pit, mix the seeds soaked with gibberellin described in step 5) evenly with 3 times the volume of wet sand to ensure that all the seeds are buried in the wet sand, and cover the wet sand with plastic film for germination; during the germination process, pay attention to the temperature, moisture and ventilation conditions, and sow until the seeds germinate.

2. The method for seed germination and breeding of Nepalese yellow flower tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), the seeds are screened with a coarse sieve to remove impurities, and then the seeds are soaked in salt water to remove floating objects.

3. The method for seed germination and breeding of Nepalese yellow flower tree according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1), the seed selection is carried out by flotation method, and the specific method is: using a mixed solution of salt water with a concentration of 15% to 20%, the volume of the salt water is 3 to 3.5 times the volume of the Nepalese yellow flower seeds, pouring the Nepalese yellow flower seeds into the salt water and stirring, and standing until the floating Nepalese yellow flower seeds and the sinking Nepalese yellow flower seeds are separated into layers, and the unqualified Nepalese yellow flower seeds floating on the upper layer are picked up, and the remaining ones are the required Nepalese yellow flower seeds with full particles and no insect damage.

4. The method for seed germination and breeding of Nepalese Pterocarpus nepalensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of warming and softening the seed coat in step 2) is as follows: adding hot water at 60-70°C into the barrel, maintaining a volume ratio of seeds to hot water of 1:3, stirring while pouring to heat the seeds evenly, then naturally cooling and soaking for 24-26 hours; taking out the seeds with softened seed coats for use, taking out the remaining unsoftened seeds, drying them, and collecting them in a new barrel again, adding hot water at 70-80°C into the barrel, performing the same operation as above, maintaining a volume ratio of seeds to hot water of 1:3, stirring while pouring, then naturally cooling and soaking for 24-26 hours, then taking out the seeds with softened seed coats for use, taking out the remaining unsoftened seeds, and returning to the previous step of drying seeds.

5. The method for seed germination and breeding of Nepalese yellow flower tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic treatment conditions in step 4) are as follows: ultrasonic frequency is 40-50 kHz, temperature is 40-55° C., and treatment time is 40-60 min.

6. The method for seed germination and breeding of Nepalese Pterocarpus nepalensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the germination process in step 6), attention should be paid to temperature, moisture and ventilation conditions: the temperature should be within the range of 20-30°C; the moisture content of the sand bed should be controlled at 60%-65% in the first 2 days; after the seeds have absorbed enough moisture, the moisture content of the sand bed should be controlled at around 55% in 3-5 days, and should be controlled between 45% and 50% in the later period; attention should be paid to ventilation and air permeability, and rotten and moldy seeds should be removed in time.

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