High-efficiency high-torque low-current transmission motor

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency high-torque low-current transmission motor, and relates to the field of motor structures, the high-efficiency high-torque low-current transmission motor comprises a shell, a rotating shaft penetrates through the shell, a stator and a rotor are arranged in the shell, the rotating shaft is coaxially arranged on the rotor, the stator and the rotor are coaxially arranged, a gap is reserved between the stator and the rotor, and the rotor can rotate through interaction with the stator; four permanent magnet units are arranged on the rotor at equal intervals, an induction coil is arranged on the stator, the induction coil is connected with a control speed regulation system, the control speed regulation system is connected with alternating current, and the control speed regulation system can regulate the rotating speed of the rotor; according to the high-efficiency high-torque low-current transmission motor, a special rotor structure is adopted, low-speed large-torque output is realized through a reluctance minimum path closing principle, and meanwhile, a monitoring device and a controller are additionally arranged in the motor, so that stepless regulation of the rotating speed of the motor is realized, the motor runs in a high-efficiency area, and the aim of saving energy is fulfilled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of motor structures, and in particular to a high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor. Background Art

[0002] New energy vehicles are the development trend of the current automobile industry, and one of its core components is the motor drive system. The technical characteristics of the motor drive system are permanent magnetization, digitization and integration, requiring large output, high efficiency, high density, low electromagnetic interference and noise. Traditional mud pumps usually use induction asynchronous motors as drive motors. The excitation magnetic field of the induction asynchronous motor is provided by the stator winding. It is necessary to use short-distance distributed windings to ensure the sinusoidal degree of the excitation magnetic field. It is difficult to make multi-pole low speed, so it is often equipped with mechanical speed reduction to achieve low speed. The mechanical transmission device will lead to problems such as long transmission chain, low efficiency, complex structure, and large operation and maintenance workload. In order to meet the driving requirements of the maximum load, asynchronous motors with relatively large rated power are often selected, resulting in the load rate of most motors being 50%~80%, and there is a phenomenon of "big horse pulling a small cart", the power factor and efficiency are low, and electric energy is wasted. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor to meet the needs of new energy vehicles and mud pumps. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor. This high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor adopts a special rotor structure and realizes low-speed and high-torque output through the principle of minimum magnetic resistance path closure. At the same time, a monitoring device and a controller are installed inside the motor to realize stepless adjustment of the motor speed, so that the motor runs in a high-efficiency area and achieves energy saving.

[0004] The above-mentioned optimized structure of the present invention is realized through the following technical scheme: a high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor, comprising a shell, a rotating shaft is penetrated by the shell, a stator and a rotor are arranged in the shell, the rotating shaft is coaxially arranged on the rotor, the stator and the rotor are coaxially arranged with a gap therebetween, and the rotor can rotate by interaction with the stator; four permanent magnet units are evenly spaced on the rotor, an induction coil is arranged on the stator, the induction coil is connected to a control speed regulation system, the control speed regulation system is connected to alternating current, and the control speed regulation system can adjust the rotation speed of the rotor.

[0005] In some embodiments, the permanent magnet unit includes at least four permanent magnet slots, the plurality of permanent magnet slots gradually increase in size along the center direction of the rotor, and permanent magnets are disposed in the permanent magnet slots.

[0006] In some embodiments, the permanent magnet slot includes a middle portion, side wing portions are provided on both sides of the middle portion, and the two side wing portions are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle portion. The multiple middle portions are arranged to form a regular polygon with the center of the rotor as the center. Permanent magnets are provided in the middle portion and the side wing portions, and the centers of the three permanent magnets in the permanent magnet slot are located on the same arc line.

[0007] In some embodiments, the control and speed regulation system includes a monitoring device, which is connected to the rotor and can monitor internal parameters of the transmission motor. The monitoring device is connected to a controller, which is connected to the stator and can control the current passing through the stator according to the parameters of the monitoring device.

[0008] In some embodiments, the monitoring device includes a rotary encoder connected to a decoder board, the rotor, and the controller.

[0009] In some embodiments, the controller includes a programmable logic device, which is connected to the stator and the monitoring device. The programmable logic device is connected to an embedded microprocessor and a switching unit. The embedded microprocessor is connected to an analog unit and a communication interface.

[0010] In some embodiments, the switch quantity unit includes a switch quantity input and a switch quantity output, a photoelectric isolator is connected between the switch quantity input and the programmable logic device, and a relay is connected between the switch quantity output and the programmable logic device.

[0011] In some embodiments, the analog quantity unit includes an analog quantity input and an analog quantity output, an A / D converter is connected between the analog quantity input and the embedded microprocessor, and a D / A converter is connected between the analog quantity output and the embedded microprocessor.

[0012] In some embodiments, an IGBT driver is connected between the programmable logic device and the stator, and the IGBT driver is also connected to a braking unit.

[0013] In some embodiments, the photoelectric isolator is connected between the programmable logic device and the monitoring device.

[0014] One or more of the above technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: (1) The present invention adopts a special rotor structure and utilizes the principle of minimum magnetic resistance path closure to achieve low-speed and high-torque output, while reducing current demand, improving efficiency and saving electric energy.

[0015] (2) The present invention installs a monitoring device and a controller inside the motor to achieve stepless adjustment of the motor speed, so that the motor can be adjusted according to different working conditions and requirements, always running in the high-efficiency area, improving utilization and saving electric energy; at the same time, it has the characteristics of wide speed regulation range, fast speed regulation response, good speed regulation stability and high speed regulation accuracy.

[0016] (3) The present invention adopts an embedded microprocessor and a programmable logic device to realize intelligent control of the motor. It can set and adjust parameters according to different working modes and requirements, thereby improving the flexibility and adaptability of the motor. It can also automatically adjust the speed and power of the motor according to changes in the load, avoid no-load and overload of the motor, and reduce the energy consumption and loss of the motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view taken along the AA direction of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the rotor structure of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1, housing; 2, rotating shaft; 3, stator; 4, rotor; 5, permanent magnet unit; 51, permanent magnet slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0022] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0023] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor comprises a housing 1, a rotating shaft 2 is penetrated through the housing 1, a stator 3 and a rotor 4 are arranged in the housing 1, the rotating shaft 2 is coaxially arranged on the rotor 4, the stator 3 and the rotor 4 are coaxially arranged with a gap therebetween, and the rotor 4 can rotate by interacting with the stator 3; four permanent magnet units 5 are arranged at equal intervals on the rotor 4, an induction coil is arranged on the stator 3, the induction coil is connected to a control speed regulation system, the control speed regulation system is connected to alternating current, and the control speed regulation system can adjust the rotation speed of the rotor 4.

[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, the structure of multiple permanent magnet units 5 on the rotor 4 realizes a huge difference in magnetic resistance between the cross-axis and direct-axis magnetic circuits, presenting a strong salient polarity. The center line of the rotor salient pole, i.e., the one with the smallest magnetic resistance, is taken as the d-axis, and the one leading 45 electrical degrees counterclockwise is taken as the q-axis. Since the magnetic flux is always closed along the path with the smallest magnetic resistance, when a rotating magnetic field is generated on the stator 3, due to the different magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit of the rotor 4 at different positions, the distorted magnetic field will generate magnetic resistance to drive the rotor 4 to rotate.

[0026] The permanent magnet unit 5 includes at least four permanent magnet slots 51 , and the plurality of permanent magnet slots 51 gradually decrease along the axis of the rotor 4 toward the stator 3 , presenting a tapered shape, which can improve the space utilization of the rotor 4 and at the same time can regulate the distribution of the magnetic field on the rotor 4 .

[0027] A permanent magnet is arranged in the permanent magnet slot 51, and the size of the permanent magnet is adapted to the permanent magnet slot 51, which can ensure the maximum utilization of magnetic energy and avoid waste and loss of magnetic force. The equal spacing of multiple permanent magnets can enhance the magnetic strength of the permanent magnet unit 5, improve the magnetic flux density of the air gap between the rotor 4 and the stator 3, and enhance the uniformity of the magnetic force distribution, effectively reduce the magnetic field distortion, thereby enhancing the magnetic coupling between the permanent magnet unit 5 and the stator 3, and improving the efficiency of the magnetic resistance torque. At the same time, multiple directions along the center of the rotor 4 gradually decrease toward the stator 3, so that an electromagnetic field environment with multiple gradient strengths is formed between the stator 3 and the rotor 4, so that the rotor 4 can be subjected to precise forces from the stator in the same direction but with different strengths at different positions. At a position close to the center of the rotor 4, due to the enhanced electromagnetic force, the stator 3 exerts a greater traction force on the rotor 4, while at a position far from the center, a more delicate regulation is achieved through the weakened electromagnetic force, so that there is torque between the rotor 4 and the stator 3 at the same straight line passing through the center of the circle, that is, high efficiency and high torque between the stator 3 and the rotor 4 are achieved under low current, and the flexibility and response speed of the rotor 4 when rotating can be improved.

[0028] A plurality of permanent magnet slots 51 can reduce the weight of the rotor 4, thereby reducing the driving force required for the rotor 4 to rotate, making it easier for the rotor 4 to rotate when subjected to the magnetic force between the stator 3 and the rotor 4, thereby improving the response speed of the rotor 4 and achieving efficient and high-torque rotation of the rotor 4 under low current; and can provide a plurality of heat dissipation channels to divide the permanent magnet into a plurality of small permanent magnets to avoid the accumulation of heat inside the permanent magnet. When the permanent magnet generates heat during operation, the heat generated inside can be discharged in time to avoid excessively rapid temperature rise and demagnetization of the permanent magnet under high temperature, thereby reducing energy loss caused by temperature rise, improving the overall effect of the motor, improving energy utilization, saving energy, and achieving small and lightweight motors.

[0029] The shell 1 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation fins, which utilize the large surface area of ​​the heat dissipation fins to increase the heat conduction speed, and can transfer the heat out faster, thereby further improving the heat dissipation effect of the internal permanent magnet unit 5 when working, reducing the heat accumulation in the permanent magnet unit 5, and reducing the heating speed of the permanent magnet.

[0030] Specifically, when the entire motor is working, the interaction between the rotor 4 and the stator 3 causes the rotor 4 to rotate, thereby rotating the shaft. At this time, the permanent magnet unit 5 generates heat during operation. Since the permanent magnets are evenly distributed on the rotor 4, the permanent magnets transfer heat to the surface of the rotor 4 through the rotor 4. The heat is transferred between the rotor 4 and the stator 3 to the stator 3. The cooling fins on the housing 1 absorb heat from the stator 3 and then transfer the heat to the air to achieve heat dissipation of the permanent magnet unit 5 and avoid heat accumulation, thereby avoiding excessive temperature of the permanent magnet and demagnetization of the permanent magnet. A larger current is required to provide the same torque, thereby reducing energy loss caused by temperature increase, improving the overall effect of the motor, improving energy utilization, and saving energy.

[0031] The permanent magnet slot 51 includes a middle part, and wing parts are arranged on both sides of the middle part. The two wing parts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle part and are inclined toward the stator 3. An angle is arranged between the middle part and the wing parts, and the angle can be greater than 90°. The multiple middle parts are arranged to form a regular polygon with the center of the rotor 4 as the center, which can promote the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution. Permanent magnets are arranged in the middle part and the wing parts. The centers of the three permanent magnets in the permanent magnet slot 51 are located on the same arc line, which can improve the air gap magnetic flux waveform of the motor, reduce harmonic components, reduce torque fluctuations, reduce noise and vibration, and provide a more stable and quiet environment for the motor operation. At the same time, the transition between the d-axis and the q-axis is uniform, so that the conversion between the two is smoother and more uniform, and the magnetic resistance difference between the d-axis end point and the q-axis end point in the same area is enhanced, thereby increasing the force of the distorted magnetic field on the rotor 4, improving the reaction speed of the rotor 4, so that it can respond to the control command more quickly, and also realizing energy conservation and efficient utilization by reducing unnecessary energy loss.

[0032] In summary, this series of innovative designs of permanent magnet slot 51 is not only a comprehensive upgrade of motor performance, but also a profound innovation of motor design concepts. With its unique structure, exquisite layout and excellent performance, it has set a new benchmark for the motor industry and led the motor technology to develop in a more efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly direction.

[0033] The control and speed regulation system can be a highly integrated and precise electrical control system, which can realize precise control of the performance of the transmission motor. The control and speed regulation system includes a monitoring device, which can monitor the internal parameters of the transmission motor. The monitoring device is connected to a controller, which is connected to the stator 3 to improve the operating efficiency and stability of the motor. The controller can control the current to the stator 3 according to the parameters fed back by the monitoring device, thereby controlling the speed of the rotor 4. The controller can convert fixed-frequency AC power into adjustable-frequency AC power, thereby realizing precise control of the motor speed and torque; and can realize soft start and soft stop of the motor, avoid impact and vibration of the motor, reduce mechanical wear and failure of the motor, and improve mechanical strength.

[0034] The monitoring device includes a rotary encoder, which is connected to a decoder board, a rotor 4, and a controller. The rotary encoder can accurately measure the rotation angle and speed of the rotor 4, and convert the rotation angle and speed of the rotor 4 into electrical signals. The decoder board can convert the electrical signal output by the rotary encoder into a digital signal, providing a clear and accurate basis for the decision of the controller. The controller can control the induction coil current according to the digital signal.

[0035] The controller includes a programmable logic device, which is connected to the stator 3 and the monitoring device. The programmable logic device is connected to an embedded microprocessor and a switch quantity unit. The embedded microprocessor is connected to an analog quantity unit and a communication interface. The programmable logic device can process and output the input digital signal according to the preset logic program. The embedded microprocessor can execute complex algorithms and instructions to achieve fine control of the motor speed and torque. The switch quantity unit and the analog quantity unit are used to receive and output switch quantity and analog quantity signals respectively. The communication interface is used to exchange data with external devices. The communication interface may include CAN, RS485, and RS232. The switch quantity unit and the analog quantity unit can realize the communication and control between the motor and the external device, realize remote monitoring and fault diagnosis, and improve the management efficiency and operation effect of the motor.

[0036] The switch quantity unit includes switch quantity input and switch quantity output. A photoelectric isolator is connected between the switch quantity input and the programmable logic device, and a relay is connected between the switch quantity output and the programmable logic device. The switch quantity input is used to receive the switch quantity signal from the external device, and the switch quantity output is used to send the switch quantity signal to the external device. The photoelectric isolator is used to isolate the electrical interference between the switch quantity input and the programmable logic device to ensure the reliability of signal transmission. The relay is used to control the switch quantity output.

[0037] The analog quantity unit includes analog quantity input and analog quantity output. An A / D converter is connected between the analog quantity input and the embedded microprocessor, and a D / A converter is connected between the analog quantity output and the embedded microprocessor. The analog quantity input is used to receive analog quantity signals sent by external devices, and the analog quantity output is used to send analog quantity signals to external devices. The A / D converter is used to convert analog quantity signals into digital signals, and the D / A converter is used to convert digital signals into analog quantity signals, so as to achieve seamless conversion between analog signals and digital signals and broaden the communication range and compatibility of the system. The controller can also receive and output various switching quantity and analog quantity signals through the switching quantity unit and the analog quantity unit to achieve communication and control with external devices.

[0038] An IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) driver is connected between the programmable logic device and the rotor 4, and the IGBT driver is also connected to a brake unit. IGBT has the characteristics of high efficiency, high speed, and high power. The IGBT driver can accurately control the magnitude and direction of the current flowing to the stator 3 according to the output signal of the programmable logic device, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the speed of the rotor 4. The brake unit can brake and protect the motor, and the brake unit may include a brake resistor, a brake diode, a brake switch, etc.

[0039] A photoelectric isolator is connected between the programmable logic device and the monitoring device, and the photoelectric isolator can be used to isolate electrical interference between the programmable logic device and the monitoring device.

[0040] The embedded microprocessor can also be connected to the display and keyboard module, allowing the user to intuitively view the real-time operating parameters of the motor, such as speed, current, temperature, etc. At the same time, the corresponding parameters can be input through the keyboard to manually adjust the motor, thereby achieving instant adjustment and optimization of the motor and improving the applicability of the motor.

[0041] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: When the alternating current passes through the control speed regulation system, the induction coil of the stator 3 is energized to generate a magnetic field, which generates a magnetic field effect on the permanent magnet unit 5 on the rotor 4, causing the rotor 4 to rotate. Due to the special structure of the permanent magnet unit 5 on the rotor 4, when the rotor 4 rotates, the magnetic resistance between the permanent magnet unit 5 and the stator 3 will change, thereby generating a magnetic resistance torque to drive the rotor 4 to continue rotating. Due to the selection of the number and position of the permanent magnet unit 5, the rotor 4 can generate sufficient magnetic resistance torque at any position, thereby achieving low-speed and high-torque output. At the same time, the magnetic resistance between the rotor 4 and the stator 3 changes greatly, which improves the response speed of the rotor 4 and saves energy.

[0042] The rotary encoder detects the rotation angle and speed of the rotor 4, and transmits the signal to the decoder board, which then converts the signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the controller. The controller controls the magnitude of the current to the induction coil in the stator 3 and the frequency of direction switching through the programmable logic device and IGBT drive according to the parameters transmitted by the monitoring device, thereby changing the strength and direction of the magnetic field in which the rotor 4 is located, and then adjusting the speed of the rotor 4, thereby realizing stepless regulation of the motor speed, so that the motor can be adjusted according to different working conditions and requirements, always running in the high-efficiency area, improving utilization, and saving energy.

[0043] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor, comprising a housing (1), wherein a rotating shaft (2) is provided through the housing (1), a stator (3) and a rotor (4) are provided in the housing (1), the rotating shaft (2) is coaxially provided on the rotor (4), the stator (3) and the rotor (4) are coaxially arranged with a gap therebetween, and the rotor (4) can rotate by interaction with the stator (3); characterized in that: Four permanent magnet units (5) are arranged at equal intervals on the rotor (4), an induction coil is arranged on the stator (3), the induction coil is connected to a control speed regulation system, the control speed regulation system is connected to alternating current, and the control speed regulation system can adjust the rotation speed of the rotor (4).

2. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnet unit (5) comprises at least four permanent magnet slots (51), the plurality of permanent magnet slots (51) gradually increasing in size along the central direction of the rotor (4), and permanent magnets are arranged in the permanent magnet slots (51).

3. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The permanent magnet slot (51) comprises a middle portion, and wing portions are provided on both sides of the middle portion, and the two wing portions are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle portion, and the plurality of middle portions are arranged to form a regular polygon centered on the center of the rotor (4), and permanent magnets are provided in the middle portion and the wing portions, and the centers of the three permanent magnets in the permanent magnet slot (51) are located on the same arc line.

4. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control and speed regulation system comprises a monitoring device, the monitoring device is connected to the rotor (4) and can monitor internal parameters of the transmission motor, the monitoring device is connected to a controller, the controller is connected to the stator (3) and can control the current flowing to the stator (3) according to the parameters of the monitoring device.

5. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring device comprises a rotary encoder, which is connected to a decoder board, the rotor (4) and the controller.

6. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The controller comprises a programmable logic device, the programmable logic device is connected to the stator (3) and the monitoring device, the programmable logic device is connected to an embedded microprocessor and a switch quantity unit, and the embedded microprocessor is connected to an analog quantity unit and a communication interface.

7. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The switch quantity unit comprises a switch quantity input and a switch quantity output. A photoelectric isolator is connected between the switch quantity input and the programmable logic device, and a relay is connected between the switch quantity output and the programmable logic device.

8. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The analog quantity unit comprises an analog quantity input and an analog quantity output. An A / D converter is connected between the analog quantity input and the embedded microprocessor, and a D / A converter is connected between the analog quantity output and the embedded microprocessor.

9. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: An IGBT driver is connected between the programmable logic device and the stator (3), and the IGBT driver is also connected to a braking unit.

10. The high-efficiency, high-torque, low-current transmission motor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The photoelectric isolator is connected between the programmable logic device and the monitoring device.

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