Dry-hot valley area land consolidation side slope ditch erosion plant protection structure and dry-hot valley area land consolidation side slope ditch erosion plant protection method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of side slope protection, and relates to a dry-hot valley area land consolidation side slope ditch corrosion plant protection structure and a dry-hot valley area land consolidation side slope ditch corrosion plant protection method. The slope surface is trimmed into the layered reverse slope steps, the layered reverse slope steps comprise the woody plant planting reverse slope steps and the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps, the equal-height horizontal ditches are formed in the woody plant planting reverse slope steps, herbaceous plants and arbors are combined to form the hedgerow, the water and soil conservation capacity can be improved, the slope and cultivated land can be protected, slope surface runoff and soil loss are reduced, and the slope surface is protected. The growth of the eroded channel is controlled, the soil quality is improved, the vegetation growth is promoted, the vegetation coverage of the side slope can be recovered in a short time, the ecological system of the side slope can be recovered, and the diversification of an agricultural ecological system is promoted; an intelligent and automatic irrigation system is utilized, time and labor are saved, water resources can be reasonably utilized, efficient utilization of the water resources and land is achieved, waste of the water resources is reduced, fruit and forage grass production is considered, and economic benefits are remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection, and in particular, relates to a plant protection structure and method for slope gully erosion in land consolidation in dry-hot river valley areas. Background Art

[0002] Land consolidation refers to the process of comprehensively improving fields, water, roads, forests, and villages within a certain geographical area, according to the needs of social and economic development and in accordance with the overall land use plan, to improve the quality of cultivated land, increase the effective cultivated land area, improve agricultural production conditions and ecological environment, and remediate idle and abandoned land. Through land consolidation, the land use structure can be optimized, agricultural production efficiency can be improved, and the level of infrastructure can be improved. However, land consolidation is also accompanied by a series of ecological and environmental problems. In the process of land consolidation, development and utilization, the original vegetation is destroyed and a large amount of vegetation is removed, resulting in a decrease in vegetation coverage, which in turn causes a series of problems. For example, vegetation destruction will cause the soil to be exposed to the sun, causing the soil temperature to rise and water evaporation to intensify, leading to soil drying and reduced water sources. In addition, vegetation destruction will also lead to the loss of biodiversity and damage the ecological balance.

[0003] The dry and hot valley area is crisscrossed with gullies, and soil erosion and land degradation are serious. The dry and hot valley is extremely rich in light and heat resources. In order to alleviate the prominent contradiction between people and land in the area, a large-scale land consolidation process has been carried out in recent years. Large areas of barren slopes and gullies have been consolidated into terraces, thus forming a large number of exposed land consolidation slopes. These slopes are extremely lacking in protection measures, and gully erosion is extremely severe. Existing slope protection technology is mainly used for the restoration and protection of slope vegetation on roadbeds, mines, etc. At present, there are few protection measures for farmland slopes in land consolidation, especially for farmland slopes with special climate and geographical conditions in dry and hot valleys. The protection is extremely lacking. Traditional slope protection methods such as concrete slope protection and mortar retaining walls are expensive, while restoration methods such as biological blankets and grass seed sowing are mostly single vegetation restoration methods and lack biodiversity. The applicability of farmland slopes after land consolidation is not high, and a scientific and fast method for protecting farmland slopes in dry and hot valleys is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a plant protection structure and method for slope gully erosion in land consolidation in dry and hot river valley areas.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in land consolidation in a dry and hot valley area, comprising:

[0006] The slope surface is trimmed into layered reverse slope steps, which include woody plant planting reverse slope steps and herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps; the woody plant planting reverse slope steps are provided with equal-height horizontal ditches; fruit trees are planted on the woody plant planting reverse slope steps, and herbaceous plants are planted on the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps;

[0007] A downslope drainage ditch is set up along the slope surface, and a bottom drainage ditch of the same height is excavated downward on the side of the reverse slope step close to the slope surface, and connected to the downslope drainage ditch;

[0008] The downslope drainage ditch collects the water that cannot penetrate the soil into the bottom drainage ditch. The water in the bottom drainage ditch is precipitated in the sedimentation tank and then transported to the rainwater storage tank through the drainage pipe for storage.

[0009] An intelligent irrigation system is set up on the bottom plane of the slope; the intelligent irrigation system includes a water storage system, a detection system and a control system; an irrigation pipeline is set up on the slope;

[0010] The water storage system includes a rainwater storage tank arranged at the bottom of the slope and an irrigation storage tank arranged at the bottom of the slope;

[0011] The rainwater storage tank is connected to a water supply pipeline;

[0012] The detection system includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor arranged on the slope, a meteorological sensor, a first liquid level sensor arranged in the irrigation reservoir, and a first liquid level sensor arranged in the rain.

[0013] a second level sensor for the water reservoir;

[0014] The control system includes a controller, a first solenoid valve arranged in a water supply pipeline, a second solenoid valve arranged in a rainwater reservoir, a filtered water pump arranged in the rainwater reservoir, and a third solenoid valve arranged in an irrigation pipeline;

[0015] The soil temperature and humidity sensor, the meteorological sensor, the first liquid level sensor and the second liquid level sensor are respectively connected to the input end of the controller by electrical signals; the output end of the controller is respectively connected to the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve by electrical signals; the output end of the controller is connected to the control input end of the filter water pump by electrical signals;

[0016] The irrigation pipeline includes the main irrigation pipe, branch water pipes and drip irrigation belts; the irrigation reservoir is connected to each branch water pipe through the main irrigation pipe; each branch water pipe is connected to the drip irrigation belt; the main irrigation pipe is set in the slope drainage ditch, the branch water pipe is set in the horizontal ditch of the same height, and the drip irrigation belt is fixed on the layered reverse slope steps to drip irrigate the fruit trees and herbaceous plants.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for protecting slope gully erosion plants in land consolidation in a dry and hot valley area, comprising:

[0018] The slope surface is trimmed into layered reverse slope steps, which include woody plant planting reverse slope steps and herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps, the woody plant planting reverse slope steps are provided with equal-height horizontal ditches, fruit trees are planted on the woody plant planting reverse slope steps, and herbaceous plants are planted on the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps;

[0019] A downslope drainage ditch is set up along the slope surface, and a bottom drainage ditch of the same height is excavated downward on the side of the reverse slope step close to the slope surface, and connected to the downslope drainage ditch;

[0020] The water that cannot penetrate the soil is collected along the slope drainage ditch into the bottom drainage ditch. The water in the bottom drainage ditch is precipitated in the sedimentation tank and then transported to the rainwater storage tank through the drainage pipe for storage.

[0021] The first liquid level sensor collects first liquid level data of the irrigation reservoir, and the second liquid level sensor collects second liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir;

[0022] The controller controls the working states of the first solenoid valve arranged in the water supply pipeline, the second solenoid valve arranged in the rainwater reservoir and the filter water pump arranged in the rainwater reservoir according to the first liquid level data and the second liquid level data; if the first liquid level data reaches the first set lower limit threshold value and the second liquid level data does not reach the second set lower limit threshold value, the second solenoid valve is opened, the filter water pump is started, and the water in the rainwater reservoir is transported to the irrigation reservoir; if the first liquid level data reaches the first set lower limit threshold value and the second liquid level data reaches the second set lower limit threshold value, the first solenoid valve is opened, and the rainwater reservoir is supplied with water by the water supply pipeline; if the first liquid level data of the irrigation reservoir does not reach the first water level upper limit and the second liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir reaches the second water level upper limit, the controller controls the filter water pump arranged in the rainwater reservoir to start, and transports the water in the rainwater reservoir to the irrigation reservoir;

[0023] The soil temperature and humidity sensor collects soil temperature and humidity data, the meteorological sensor collects meteorological data, and the controller builds an irrigation model based on vegetation coverage, plant species, plant growth stage, soil temperature and humidity data, and meteorological data to determine the amount of irrigation water;

[0024] The controller controls the switch state of the irrigation pipeline through the third solenoid valve according to the irrigation water volume, and uses the main irrigation pipe, branch water pipe and drip irrigation belt of the irrigation pipeline to irrigate the fruit trees and herbaceous plants on the slope and adjust the soil temperature and humidity.

[0025] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0026] Optionally, the width of the upper woody planting counter-slope step is greater than the width of the lowest herbaceous planting area.

[0027] Furthermore, the rainwater reservoir is connected to an overflow pipe; if the first liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir reaches the second water level upper limit, water flows out from the overflow pipe.

[0028] Further, the irrigation pipeline is provided with a filter.

[0029] Furthermore, the intelligent irrigation system also includes a power supply system; the power supply system includes a solar panel and a mains input transformer; the output ends of the solar panel and the mains input transformer are respectively connected to the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the meteorological sensor, the first liquid level sensor, the second liquid level sensor, the controller, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the filtered water pump electrical signal.

[0030] Furthermore, a fertilizer storage box is arranged above the irrigation water reservoir; a fourth solenoid valve is arranged at the outlet of the fertilizer storage box; and the output end of the controller is connected with the electrical signal of the fourth solenoid valve.

[0031] Furthermore, the width of the woody planting counter-slope step is 30cm to 60cm, the width of the lowest layer of herbaceous planting counter-slope step close to the bottom of the slope is 20cm to 40cm, and the vertical distance between each layered counter-slope step is 1m to 2m.

[0032] Furthermore, vegetation cover is the percentage of the vertical projection area of ​​the aboveground parts of the plant community as a whole or each individual to the sample area.

[0033] Furthermore, by reducing the number of gullies, reducing gully density and gully fragmentation, the types of vegetation and vegetation coverage on the slope are increased; let A0 be the plane area of ​​the slope, Li be the total length of the i-th gully, n be the number of gullies, μ be the gully fragmentation, and gully density be ρ, then:

[0034]

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] (1) The slope surface is repaired into layered reverse slope steps, which include woody plant planting reverse slope steps and herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps. Contour horizontal ditches are set on the woody plant planting reverse slope steps, fruit trees are planted on the woody plant planting reverse slope steps, and herbaceous plants are planted on the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps. The combination of herbaceous plants and trees forms a plant hedge, which can improve the soil and water conservation capacity, protect the slope and cultivated land, effectively reduce the development of slope channels, reduce slope runoff and soil loss, reduce soil and water loss, improve soil quality, and help improve the quality of farmland;

[0037] (2) Planting suitable fruit trees and herbaceous plants. Herbaceous plants can be used as forage. In particular, herbaceous plants can effectively intercept sediment. Fruit trees can disperse slope runoff, control ditch development, and bring economic benefits. They can also make rational use of slopes and significantly improve land use efficiency. Fruit trees and herbaceous plants can quickly improve soil quality, promote vegetation growth, restore slope vegetation coverage in a relatively short period of time, restore slope ecosystems, and promote the diversification of agricultural ecosystems.

[0038] (3) The use of intelligent and automated irrigation systems can save time and effort, make rational use of water resources, achieve efficient use of water resources, improve the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, and reduce water waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the principle of a plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in a dry-hot river valley area provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram for connecting the detection system with the control system;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in a dry-hot river valley area provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Icons: 1-counter-slope steps for planting woody plants; 2-counter-slope steps for planting herbaceous plants; 3-contour horizontal ditches; 4-slope drainage ditches; 5-bottom drainage ditches; 6-sedimentation tanks; 7-rainwater reservoirs; 8-irrigation reservoirs; 9-soil temperature and humidity sensors; 10-meteorological sensors; 11-first liquid level sensor; 12-second liquid level sensor; 13-controller; 14-first solenoid valve; 15-second solenoid valve; 16-filter water pump; 17-third solenoid valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] As an example, Figure 1 As shown, in order to solve the above technical problems, this embodiment provides a plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in land consolidation in dry and hot valley areas, including:

[0046] The slope surface is trimmed into layered reverse slope steps, and the layered reverse slope steps include a woody plant planting reverse slope step 1 and a herbaceous plant planting reverse slope step 2; a contour horizontal ditch 3 is arranged on the woody plant planting reverse slope step 1; fruit trees are planted on the woody plant planting reverse slope step 1, and herbaceous plants are planted on the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope step 2;

[0047] A downslope drainage ditch 4 is set along the slope surface, and a bottom drainage ditch 5 of the same height level is excavated downward on the side of the reverse slope step close to the slope surface, and connected to the downslope drainage ditch 4;

[0048] The water that cannot penetrate the soil is collected along the slope drainage ditch 4 into the bottom drainage ditch 5. The water in the bottom drainage ditch 5 is precipitated in the sedimentation tank 6 and then transported to the rainwater storage tank 7 through the drainage pipe for storage.

[0049] An intelligent irrigation system is set up on the bottom plane of the slope; the intelligent irrigation system includes a water storage system, a detection system and a control system; an irrigation pipeline is set up on the slope;

[0050] The water storage system includes a rainwater storage tank 7 arranged at the bottom of the slope and an irrigation storage tank 8 arranged at the bottom of the slope;

[0051] The rainwater reservoir 7 is connected to a water supply pipeline;

[0052] The detection system includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor 9 arranged on the slope, a meteorological sensor 10, a first liquid level sensor 11 arranged in the irrigation reservoir 8, and a second liquid level sensor 12 arranged in the rainwater reservoir 7;

[0053] The control system includes a controller 13, a first solenoid valve 14 arranged in a water supply pipeline, a second solenoid valve 15 arranged in a rainwater reservoir 7, a filtered water pump 16 arranged in the rainwater reservoir 7 and a third solenoid valve 17 arranged in an irrigation pipeline;

[0054] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the soil temperature and humidity sensor 9, the meteorological sensor 10, the first liquid level sensor 11 and the second liquid level sensor 12 are respectively connected to the input end of the controller 13 by electrical signals; the output end of the controller 13 is respectively connected to the first solenoid valve 14, the second solenoid valve 15 and the third solenoid valve 17 by electrical signals; the output end of the controller 13 is connected to the control input end of the filtered water pump 16 by electrical signals;

[0055] The irrigation pipeline includes a main irrigation pipe, a branch water pipe and a drip irrigation belt; the irrigation water reservoir 8 is connected to each branch water pipe through the main irrigation pipe; each branch water pipe is connected to the drip irrigation belt; the main irrigation pipe is set in the slope drainage ditch 4, the branch water pipe is set in the contour horizontal ditch 3, and the drip irrigation belt is fixed on the layered reverse slope step to drip irrigate the fruit trees and herbaceous plants.

[0056] Optionally, the width of the reverse slope step 1 for planting upper woody plants is greater than the width of the lowest herbaceous plant planting area.

[0057] In the actual application process, during the land consolidation process, the slope surface is trimmed and the slope surface is trimmed into layered reverse slope steps with a slope of 3° to 5°. The debris, gravel, etc. on the side slope surface are cleaned to ensure that the slope surface is basically flat and safe. The slope surface is transformed to trim the reverse slope steps that can plant woody plants and herbaceous plants. The width of the upper woody plant planting reverse slope step 1 is greater than the width of the lowest herbaceous plant planting area, and drainage ditches are set, including contour horizontal drainage ditches and slope drainage ditches 4. The side of the reverse slope step close to the slope surface has a contour horizontal drainage ditch. The reverse slope step and the contour drainage ditch are used to intercept the slope runoff, collect rainwater to the inside, promote the infiltration of slope precipitation, and achieve the effect of slope flow reduction; it can also discharge excess rainwater. The contour horizontal drainage ditch is connected to the slope drainage ditch 4 and merges into the bottom drainage ditch 5. The bottom drainage ditch 5 is connected to the sedimentation tank 6. The precipitated water is collected and enters the reservoir for dry season slope irrigation and agricultural water use, realizing the effective use of precipitation.

[0058] In the actual application process, by transplanting tree species, according to the special climatic and geographical conditions of the dry and hot areas, suitable woody plants and herbaceous plants are selected. By planting fruit trees or other woody plants, the plant root system helps to reduce gully erosion and improve soil physical properties, such as structural stability and permeability; the vegetation canopy can intercept rainfall and reduce the direct erosion of rainwater on the soil. Planting diverse tree species can improve the stability and resistance of the slope ecosystem, improve the multi-level structure of the slope ecosystem, help to make full use of space resources, increase production efficiency, and provide living space and food sources for different species, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The dry and hot valley area is rich in light and heat resources, which can meet the light and heat requirements of tropical and subtropical fruits. Fruit trees with well-developed root systems, drought resistance, barrenness resistance, strong coverage, and strong adaptability or trees that are easy to survive and drought-resistant are selected, such as: citrus, lychee, longan, mango, etc.

[0059] Planting herbaceous vegetation is conducive to water infiltration and protecting the soil from erosion. For herbaceous plants such as forage grass, the last layer of intercepting vegetation must be close to the soil surface to play an effective role. Among herbaceous plants, the grass family has a well-developed fibrous root system and a significant soil-fixing effect, which can improve the soil's resistance to erosion. Elephant grass is a perennial forage grass with tall plants, upright clusters, and a well-developed root system, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high yield, and high crude protein and sugar content. Densely planted at the bottom of the slope, the developed root system can firmly fix the soil to prevent soil erosion and soil erosion. The dense stems can effectively block the formation of surface runoff, reduce the development of slope channels and soil erosion, and the interlaced stems and leaves form a mesh-like covering layer. Not only does it have the ability to absorb water, but more importantly, it relies on a strong tillering root group to help the rapid infiltration of heavy rain, protect the topsoil, and play an ecological benefit. It has a significant effect on intercepting surface runoff, improving soil water storage and retention capacity, and fixing the soil.

[0060] An intelligent irrigation system is used for irrigation to accurately control the amount of irrigation. The scale of land consolidation in the dry and hot valley area is huge, and the resulting slopes are large. Conventional irrigation methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive and difficult to achieve good results. The intelligent irrigation system is used to accurately control irrigation according to the basic soil conditions, vegetation water requirements and meteorological data, which can effectively utilize water resources and avoid water waste and slope gully erosion caused by excessive irrigation. Data collection is achieved through sensors, and precise irrigation is carried out by dynamic adjustment of real-time soil moisture and meteorological data, which can save water resources to the maximum extent. Soil temperature and humidity sensors 9 and meteorological sensors 10 are used to collect data, and the collected soil data and meteorological data are transmitted to the control system in real time, which is convenient for real-time monitoring and control. According to the controller 13, irrigation decisions are controlled to realize intelligent regulation of farmland irrigation and rational use of water resources. Since the slope is large in scale and the soil conditions in each area are different, the slope is divided into several areas, each of which has several soil moisture sensors. Irrigation is carried out in different areas, which is conducive to reasonable regulation.

[0061] The first liquid level sensor 11 collects the first liquid level data of the irrigation water reservoir 8, and the second liquid level sensor 12 collects the second liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir 7; the controller 13 controls the working states of the first solenoid valve 14 arranged in the water supply pipeline, the second solenoid valve 15 arranged in the rainwater reservoir 7, and the filter water pump 16 arranged in the rainwater reservoir 7 according to the first liquid level data and the second liquid level data; if the first liquid level data reaches the first set lower limit threshold, and the second liquid level data does not reach the second set lower limit threshold, the second solenoid valve 15 is opened and the water pump 16 is started. The filter water pump 16 delivers the water in the rainwater reservoir 7 to the irrigation reservoir 8; if the first liquid level data reaches the first set lower limit threshold and the second liquid level data reaches the second set lower limit threshold, the first solenoid valve 14 is opened, and the rainwater reservoir 7 is supplied with water by the water supply pipeline; if the first liquid level data of the irrigation reservoir 8 does not reach the first water level upper limit, and the second liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir 7 reaches the second water level upper limit, the controller 13 controls the filter water pump 16 arranged in the rainwater reservoir 7 to start, and delivers the water in the rainwater reservoir 7 to the irrigation reservoir 8;

[0062] The soil temperature and humidity sensor 9 collects soil temperature and humidity data, the meteorological sensor 10 collects meteorological data, and the controller 13 constructs an irrigation model according to the vegetation coverage, plant species, plant growth stage, soil temperature and humidity data and meteorological data to determine the irrigation water volume; the controller 13 controls the switch state of the irrigation pipeline through the third solenoid valve 17 according to the irrigation water volume, and uses the main irrigation pipe, branch water pipe and drip irrigation belt of the irrigation pipeline to irrigate the fruit trees and herbaceous plants on the slope, and adjust the soil temperature and humidity.

[0063] A branch water pipe for irrigation is laid on each layer of reverse slope. Each branch water pipe is connected to the main irrigation pipe, and the main irrigation pipe is connected to the water source. The precipitation distribution in the dry and hot area is uneven, mostly concentrated in the rainy season, less precipitation in other seasons, and the evaporation is extremely large. In order to ensure the survival of trees and herbs, irrigation is still needed. Due to the slope, excessive irrigation will cause new soil erosion and waste of water resources. In order to make full use of water, drip irrigation can be used to directly transport water to the roots of plants, which can accurately control the amount of irrigation water and ensure that plants get proper water supply. It can greatly reduce water evaporation and leakage losses, thereby improving the utilization rate of water resources. Drip irrigation is widely used in farmland in the dry and hot valley area, and this irrigation method is also used on the slopes, which is unified with farmland and convenient for erection, installation and use.

[0064] Optionally, the rainwater storage tank is connected to an overflow pipe; if the first liquid level data of the rainwater storage tank reaches a second water level upper limit, water flows out from the overflow pipe.

[0065] Optionally, the irrigation pipeline is provided with a filter.

[0066] Installing filters in irrigation pipes can filter out sand and impurities in the water to prevent irrigation pipes from being blocked.

[0067] Optionally, the intelligent irrigation system also includes a power supply system; the power supply system includes a solar panel and a mains input transformer; the output ends of the solar panel and the mains input transformer are respectively connected to the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the meteorological sensor, the first liquid level sensor, the second liquid level sensor, the controller, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the filtered water pump electrical signal.

[0068] Optionally, a fertilizer storage box is provided above the irrigation reservoir; a fourth solenoid valve is provided at the outlet of the fertilizer storage box; and the output end of the controller is connected to the electrical signal of the fourth solenoid valve.

[0069] The controller controls the fourth solenoid valve to add the fertilizer in the fertilizer storage tank into the irrigation water reservoir, and irrigates the fertilizer into the soil along with the water.

[0070] Optionally, the width of the reverse slope step for woody plant planting is 30cm to 60cm, the width of the reverse slope step for the lowest layer of herbaceous plant planting close to the bottom of the slope is 20cm to 40cm, and the vertical distance between each layered reverse slope step is 1m to 2m.

[0071] In actual application, the number and length of the reverse slope steps can be adjusted according to the length and width of the slope. The reverse slope step planting method is helpful to intercept and infiltrate rainfall runoff, discharge excess precipitation in time, reduce the development of slope channels, and reduce soil loss and erosion.

[0072] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0073] (1) The slope surface is repaired into layered reverse slope steps, which include woody plant planting reverse slope steps and herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps. Contour horizontal ditches are set on the woody plant planting reverse slope steps, fruit trees are planted on the woody plant planting reverse slope steps, and herbaceous plants are planted on the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps. The combination of herbaceous plants and trees forms a plant hedge, which can improve the soil and water conservation capacity, protect the slope and cultivated land, effectively reduce the development of slope channels, reduce slope runoff and soil loss, reduce soil and water loss, improve soil quality, and help improve the quality of farmland;

[0074] (2) Planting suitable fruit trees and herbs. Herbs can be used as forage, and fruit trees can bring economic benefits, rationally utilize slopes, and significantly improve land use efficiency. Fruit trees and herbs can quickly improve soil quality, promote vegetation growth, and restore vegetation coverage on slopes in a relatively short period of time, restore slope ecosystems, and promote the diversification of agricultural ecosystems.

[0075] (3) Utilize intelligent and automated irrigation systems to rationally utilize water resources and achieve efficient use of water resources, saving time and effort, improving the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, and reducing water waste.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] Based on the same principle as the method shown in Example 1 of the present invention, as shown in the attached Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for protecting plants from gully erosion in land consolidation in dry and hot valley areas, comprising:

[0078] The slope surface is trimmed into layered reverse slope steps, which include woody plant planting reverse slope steps and herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps, the woody plant planting reverse slope steps are provided with equal-height horizontal ditches, fruit trees are planted on the woody plant planting reverse slope steps, and herbaceous plants are planted on the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps;

[0079] A downslope drainage ditch is set up along the slope surface, and a bottom drainage ditch of the same height is excavated downward on the side of the reverse slope step close to the slope surface, and connected to the downslope drainage ditch;

[0080] The water that cannot penetrate the soil is collected along the slope drainage ditch into the bottom drainage ditch. The water in the bottom drainage ditch is precipitated in the sedimentation tank and then transported to the rainwater storage tank through the drainage pipe for storage.

[0081] The first liquid level sensor collects first liquid level data of the irrigation reservoir, and the second liquid level sensor collects second liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir;

[0082] The controller controls the working states of the first solenoid valve arranged in the water supply pipeline, the second solenoid valve arranged in the rainwater reservoir and the filter water pump arranged in the rainwater reservoir according to the first liquid level data and the second liquid level data; if the first liquid level data reaches the first set lower limit threshold value and the second liquid level data does not reach the second set lower limit threshold value, the second solenoid valve is opened, the filter water pump is started, and the water in the rainwater reservoir is transported to the irrigation reservoir; if the first liquid level data reaches the first set lower limit threshold value and the second liquid level data reaches the second set lower limit threshold value, the first solenoid valve is opened, and the rainwater reservoir is supplied with water by the water supply pipeline; if the first liquid level data of the irrigation reservoir does not reach the first water level upper limit and the second liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir reaches the second water level upper limit, the controller controls the filter water pump arranged in the rainwater reservoir to start, and transports the water in the rainwater reservoir to the irrigation reservoir;

[0083] The soil temperature and humidity sensor collects soil temperature and humidity data, the meteorological sensor collects meteorological data, and the controller builds an irrigation model based on vegetation coverage, plant species, plant growth stage, soil temperature and humidity data, and meteorological data to determine the amount of irrigation water;

[0084] The controller controls the switch state of the irrigation pipeline through the third solenoid valve according to the irrigation water volume, and uses the main irrigation pipe, branch water pipe and drip irrigation belt of the irrigation pipeline to irrigate the fruit trees and herbaceous plants on the slope and adjust the soil temperature and humidity.

[0085] An experiment on slope protection structure was established, and the experimental results were compared with the scheme without slope protection structure, as follows: Slope modification: After cleaning the slope, the slope was trimmed into layered reverse slope steps with a slope of 3° to 5°. The layered reverse slope steps were divided into woody plant planting reverse slope steps and herbaceous plant planting reverse slope steps. A horizontal drainage ditch of the same height was excavated downward on the side of the reverse slope step close to the slope, and connected to the downslope drainage ditch; the woody plant planting reverse slope step was 40 cm wide, and the lowest layer of herbaceous plant planting reverse slope step close to the bottom of the slope was 30 cm wide. The vertical distance between each layer of layered reverse slope steps was 2 m, with a total of 4 layers of fruit tree reverse slope steps and 1 layer of herbaceous reverse slope step; the plant slope protection structure played a positive protective role on the slope, which could significantly increase the types of slope vegetation and vegetation coverage, reduce the number of channels, and reduce the channel density and channel fragmentation. The results of various observation indicators of slope protection are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1 Slope protection observation indicators

[0087] Observation indicators No measures Slope protection structure Main vegetation Imperata truncatula, Leucaena leucophylla Mango, elephant grass, cyperus rotundus Vegetation Cover 20％～40％ 70％～80％ Number of channels 9 4 Channel density 0.95 0.12 Channel splitting 0.1665 0.0135

[0088] Optionally, vegetation cover is the percentage of the vertical projection area of ​​the aboveground parts of the plant community as a whole or each individual to the sample area.

[0089] The vegetation coverage was measured using a 50cm×50cm sample square frame. A wire mesh with a grid size of 2.5cm×2.5cm was made and embedded in the sample square frame. There were 400 grid points in the sample square frame. When measuring the coverage, it was spread flat in the sample square. The ratio of the number of grid points covered with vegetation to the total number of grid points was the vegetation coverage.

[0090] Alternatively, by reducing the number of gullies, lowering the gully density and gully fragmentation, increasing the types of vegetation and vegetation coverage on the slope, the gully expansion can be controlled and the gully erosion development can be eliminated; let A0 be the plane area of ​​the slope, Li be the total length of the i-th gully, n be the number of gullies, μ be the gully fragmentation, and gully density be ρ, then:

[0091]

[0092] The channel density ρ is the total length of channels distributed within a unit area, and the channel fragmentation μ refers to the sum of the areas of all channels within a unit area. Through the above steps, a slope protection system with a variety of biodiversity and reliable protection capabilities has been formed after 1 year of slope protection measures. It can quickly and effectively increase vegetation species, improve biodiversity, and increase vegetation coverage, and can significantly reduce the number of channels, channel density, and channel fragmentation.

[0093] Experiments have shown that utilizing the soil and water conservation capabilities of trees and herbs can effectively reduce soil loss and land erosion on land consolidation slopes, increase the diversity of farmland ecosystems, improve land quality, and improve slope land use efficiency and water resource utilization efficiency, bringing economic benefits. The method is simple to implement and requires less investment cost.

[0094] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry and hot valley land reclamation, characterized in that: include: The slope surface is trimmed into layered reverse slope steps, wherein the layered reverse slope steps include a woody plant planting reverse slope step (1) and a herbaceous plant planting reverse slope step (2); a contour horizontal ditch (3) is arranged on the woody plant planting reverse slope step (1); fruit trees are planted on the woody plant planting reverse slope step (1), and herbaceous plants are planted on the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope step (2); A downslope drainage ditch (4) is arranged along the slope surface, and a bottom drainage ditch (5) of the same height level is excavated downward on the side of the reverse slope step close to the slope surface, and is connected to the downslope drainage ditch (4); The downslope drainage ditch (4) collects the water that cannot penetrate the soil into the bottom drainage ditch (5). The water in the bottom drainage ditch (5) is precipitated in the sedimentation tank (6) and then transported to the rainwater storage tank (7) for storage through the drainage pipe; An intelligent irrigation system is set up on the bottom plane of the slope; the intelligent irrigation system includes a water storage system, a detection system and a control system; an irrigation pipeline is set up on the slope; The water storage system comprises a rainwater storage tank (7) arranged at the bottom of the slope and an irrigation storage tank (8) arranged at the bottom of the slope; The rainwater reservoir (7) is connected to a water supply pipeline; The detection system comprises a soil temperature and humidity sensor (9) arranged on a slope surface, a meteorological sensor (10), a first liquid level sensor (11) arranged in an irrigation reservoir (8), and a second liquid level sensor (12) arranged in a rainwater reservoir (7); The control system comprises a controller (13), a first solenoid valve (14) arranged in a water supply pipeline, a second solenoid valve (15) arranged in a rainwater reservoir (7), a filtered water pump (16) arranged in the rainwater reservoir (7), and a third solenoid valve (17) arranged in an irrigation pipeline; The soil temperature and humidity sensor (9), the meteorological sensor (10), the first liquid level sensor (11) and the second liquid level sensor (12) are respectively connected to the input end of the controller (13) by electrical signals; the output end of the controller (13) is respectively connected to the first electromagnetic valve (14), the second electromagnetic valve (15) and the third electromagnetic valve (17) by electrical signals; the output end of the controller (13) is connected to the control input end of the filter water pump (16) by electrical signals; The irrigation pipeline comprises a main irrigation pipe, branch water pipes and a drip irrigation belt; the irrigation reservoir (8) is connected to each branch water pipe through the main irrigation pipe; each branch water pipe is connected to the drip irrigation belt; the main irrigation pipe is arranged in a slope drainage ditch (4), the branch water pipe is arranged in a horizontal ditch (3) at the same height, and the drip irrigation belt is fixed on the layered reverse slope step to drip irrigate the fruit trees and herbaceous plants.

2. According to claim 1, a plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry-hot river valley land consolidation, characterized in that: The width of the reverse slope step (1) for planting woody plants is greater than the width of the reverse slope step (2) for planting herbaceous plants.

3. According to claim 1, a plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry-hot river valley land consolidation, characterized in that: The rainwater storage tank (7) is connected to an overflow pipe; if the first liquid level data of the rainwater storage tank (7) reaches the second water level upper limit, water flows out from the overflow pipe.

4. According to claim 1, a plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry-hot river valley land consolidation, characterized in that: The irrigation lines are provided with filters.

5. According to claim 1, a plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry-hot river valley land consolidation, characterized in that: The intelligent irrigation system also includes a power supply system; the power supply system includes a solar panel and a mains input transformer; the output ends of the solar panel and the mains input transformer are respectively connected to a soil temperature and humidity sensor (9), a meteorological sensor (10), a first liquid level sensor (11), a second liquid level sensor (12), a controller (13), a first solenoid valve (14), a second solenoid valve (15) and a filtered water pump (16) via electrical signals.

6. The plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry-hot river valley land consolidation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fertilizer storage box is arranged above the irrigation water reservoir (8); a fourth electromagnetic valve is arranged at the outlet of the fertilizer storage box; and the output end of the controller (13) is connected to the fourth electromagnetic valve electrical signal.

7. The plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry-hot river valley land consolidation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the woody plant planting reverse slope step (1) is 30 cm to 60 cm, the width of the lowest layer of herbaceous plant planting reverse slope step (2) close to the bottom of the slope is 20 cm to 40 cm, and the vertical distance between each layer of layered reverse slope steps is 1 m to 2 m.

8. A method for protecting slope gully erosion by plants in land consolidation in dry and hot river valleys, characterized in that: include: The slope surface is trimmed into layered reverse slope steps, wherein the layered reverse slope steps include a woody plant planting reverse slope step (1) and a herbaceous plant planting reverse slope step (2), a contour horizontal ditch (3) is arranged on the woody plant planting reverse slope step (1), fruit trees are planted on the woody plant planting reverse slope step (1), and herbaceous plants that can be used as forage are planted on the herbaceous plant planting reverse slope step (2); A downslope drainage ditch (4) is arranged along the slope surface, and a bottom drainage ditch (5) of the same height is excavated downward on the side of the reverse slope step close to the slope surface, and connected to the downslope drainage ditch (4); The downslope drainage ditch (4) collects the water that cannot penetrate the soil into the bottom drainage ditch (5). The water in the bottom drainage ditch (5) is precipitated in the sedimentation tank (6) and then transported to the rainwater storage tank (7) for storage through the drainage pipe; The first liquid level sensor (11) collects first liquid level data of the irrigation reservoir (8), and the second liquid level sensor (12) collects second liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir (7); The controller (13) controls the working states of a first solenoid valve (14) arranged in a water supply pipeline, a second solenoid valve (15) arranged in a rainwater reservoir (7), and a filter water pump (16) arranged in the rainwater reservoir (7) according to the first liquid level data and the second liquid level data; if the first liquid level data reaches a first set lower limit threshold value and the second liquid level data does not reach a second set lower limit threshold value, the second solenoid valve (15) is opened, the filter water pump (16) is started, and the water in the rainwater reservoir (7) is transported to the irrigation reservoir (8). ); if the first liquid level data reaches the first set lower limit threshold and the second liquid level data reaches the second set lower limit threshold, the first solenoid valve (14) is opened, and the rainwater reservoir (7) is supplied with water through the water supply pipeline; if the first liquid level data of the irrigation reservoir (8) does not reach the first water level upper limit, and the second liquid level data of the rainwater reservoir (7) reaches the second water level upper limit, the controller (13) controls the filter water pump (16) arranged in the rainwater reservoir (7) to start, and transports the water in the rainwater reservoir (7) to the irrigation reservoir (8); The soil temperature and humidity sensor (9) collects soil temperature and humidity data, the meteorological sensor (10) collects meteorological data, and the controller (13) constructs an irrigation model based on vegetation coverage, plant species, plant growth stage, soil temperature and humidity data and meteorological data to determine the amount of irrigation water; The controller (13) controls the switch state of the irrigation pipeline through the third solenoid valve (17) according to the amount of irrigation water, and utilizes the main irrigation pipe, branch water pipe and drip irrigation belt of the irrigation pipeline to irrigate the fruit trees and herbaceous plants on the slope, and adjust the soil temperature and humidity.

9. The plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry-hot river valley land consolidation according to claim 8, characterized in that: Vegetation cover is the percentage of the vertical projection area of ​​the aboveground parts of the plant community as a whole or each individual to the sample area.

10. The plant protection structure for slope gully erosion in dry-hot river valley land consolidation according to claim 8, characterized in that: By reducing the number of gullies, gully density and gully fragmentation, the types of vegetation and vegetation coverage on the slope can be increased; let A0 be the plane area of ​​the slope, Li be the total length of the i-th gully, n be the number of gullies, μ be the gully fragmentation, and gully density be ρ, then:

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