Basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions

Abstract

A basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions comprises the steps of implementing complex basement roof modeling and implementing lawn vegetation above a basement roof. The complex basement top plate modeling method comprises the steps of a flat site large-area backfill construction method, a step-shaped basement top plate backfill construction method and a basement top plate large-gradient inclined plate earthwork backfill construction method. The step of implementing the lawn vegetation above the basement top plate comprises the steps of cross construction, backfilling and excavation, slope toe construction and solid soil area construction. According to the technology, the problem of construction of greening in a complex shape on the basement roof of a project is solved, particularly the problem that more slope roofs in a mountaintop shape or roofs in a stepped rice field shape exist is solved, the problem that backfill soil construction is difficult after the basement roof is complex in shape is solved, the stability of backfill soil after backfill soil is improved, and the construction period is shortened. And the concept of green building is practiced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of earth-covered building construction, in particular to a method for constructing lawn vegetation on a basement roof under complex working conditions. Background Art

[0002] At present, building structures are becoming more and more complex, and people have higher and higher requirements for green ecological buildings. In order to meet functional and landscape requirements, the shape of basement roofs has become more diverse. When complex-shaped basements appear, it becomes more difficult to complete vegetation planting, especially when there are more and more sloping roofs in the shape of mountain tops or terraced rice fields. This requires higher requirements for the backfill method and the reliability of the soil after backfilling for the appearance of such structural roofs with multiple elevations and large height differences, and puts forward higher requirements for construction under different working conditions. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and to provide a method for constructing lawn vegetation on a basement roof under complex working conditions.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved in the following ways: A method for constructing lawn vegetation on a basement roof under complex working conditions includes the steps of implementing the complex basement roof shaping and the steps of implementing lawn vegetation above the basement roof, wherein the steps of the complex basement roof shaping are divided into a large-area backfill construction method for leveling the site, a stepped basement roof backfill construction method, and a basement roof large-slope inclined plate earth backfill construction method; the steps of implementing lawn vegetation above the basement roof include cross-construction: backfill and excavation, and steps of slope foot and solid soil area.

[0005] The above-mentioned basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions and the large-area backfill construction method for leveling the site include: Step 1: Rolling before filling: After the base is cleared, use a grader to level it and a heavy roller to roll it to meet the specified requirements; after the base is processed, measure and lay out the lines, lay out the edges, measure the elevation, drive in marking stakes, and mark the thickness of the loose paving on the marking stakes. Check the compaction degree and elevation, and only after the inspection and approval by the supervising engineer can the next layer of earthwork be filled; Step 2, layered filling: Use the horizontal layered method for filling. Use an excavator to dig the soil, and transport it to the backfill area with a dump truck. According to the volume of each truck, calculate the unloading distance of each truck and mark out the grid to avoid excessive or insufficient filling. When unloading, it is not advisable to be close to the edge of the backfill area to prevent the bulldozer from spreading the backfill beyond the edge of the backfill area and wasting the filler. The loose paving thickness is controlled to be no more than 50cm. The overfilled parts on both sides of the backfill area should be filled and compacted in layers together with the backfill area filler, and the slope phenomenon should not appear. Each layer uses the same filler and the cumulative total thickness of each filler layer shall not be less than 0.5m. Step 3, spreading and leveling: When the moisture content is appropriate, spread and level immediately. Use a bulldozer for spreading, and an excavator or grader for leveling. When spreading, spread the middle first, then the edges. The width of each side should be 50cm greater than the designed width of the filling layer. Then, use an excavator or grader for leveling to ensure that the rolling is dense and uniform. When leveling, spread the two sides first and then the middle. The middle is slightly higher, and a 2% to 4% horizontal slope is set from the center line to both sides to ensure that the horizontal slope after forming and compaction is conducive to drainage. The thickness of the loose paving should be controlled within 50cm. And the maximum particle size of the filler should be strictly controlled not to exceed 2 / 3 of the layer thickness; Step 4, airing and watering: After paving and leveling, if the moisture content of the filler is greater than the optimum moisture content, it should be aired; otherwise, it should be watered and stirred; the moisture content of the filler should be controlled within ±2% of the optimum moisture content; when airing can no longer meet the requirements, it is necessary to add ash or replace the filler to meet the construction requirements; Step 5: Mechanical rolling: After paving and leveling, roll immediately when the moisture content is within ±2% of the optimum moisture content, using a YZ18 heavy-duty vibratory roller. When rolling, static compaction should be performed first, followed by weak vibration and then strong vibration compaction; the rolling speed should be slow at the beginning, and as the soil layer gradually becomes denser, the rolling speed can be gradually increased, but generally not more than 4km / h; first compact the two sides of the roadbed and then the middle; the horizontal wheel tracks should overlap by no less than 40cm, and the longitudinal joints should overlap by 1~2m to ensure a smooth transition at the joints; rolling should be done without leakage and dead corners, and uniform rolling should be ensured; the number of initial rolling passes is 3 times, namely static compaction once and weak vibration twice, record the number of rolling passes, measure the compaction degree on site, and record relevant data; then perform strong vibration rolling once each time, and record the test data of each pressurization, until there is no significant change in the compaction degree; if the compaction passes exceed 10 times and still cannot meet the compaction requirements, consider reducing the thickness of the fill layer and then repeat the above steps; Step 6: Quality inspection: After each rolling, a compaction test is immediately carried out to detect the compaction 10cm below the surface layer; the test is carried out using the ring knife method, and the inspection frequency is every 1000m of compaction. 2The number of regional inspection points shall be no less than 3; during the filling process, the maximum dry density and moisture content shall be spot-checked every 5,000 cubic meters; measurement and layout shall be conducted, and the compaction degree, width, cross slope and elevation shall be self-checked. Once qualified, the backfill compaction of this layer is completed.

[0006] The above-mentioned basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions and the stepped basement roof backfill construction method include a partitioning, layering, bottom-up, layer-by-layer process, specifically including Step 1: First, backfill the lowest point of the basement, then clean the site. After the site is cleaned, carry out the base treatment. After the treatment is leveled, backfill in layers. The focus of the backfilling process is to gradually reduce the amount of backfilled earthwork to ensure that the next layer of earthwork is firmer than the previous layer; the soil after filling should be watered and compacted until it reaches the density requirement, and then the next layer of soil is filled; Step 2: After the backfilling of the first step is completed, the construction machinery reaches the second step from bottom to top, and uses the first step as a platform to carry out earthwork construction of the second step; and the third and fourth steps are completed in the same way; Step 3: After completing the fourth or highest step, the fourth step area is constructed according to the elevation and soil quality requirements of the drawings, and then the roller is used to compact the soil layer by layer to the compaction degree required by the design. After passing the inspection, the backfill target of the fourth or highest step is completed; Step 4: After the fourth or highest step is completed, use the small machinery that has retreated to the third step to excavate and level the ground to meet the specified elevation requirements of the third step, and then use a roller to compact the ground in layers to the compaction degree required by the design; after passing the inspection, the third backfill target is completed; and so on to complete the final backfill elevation and requirements of the second, first, and other steps.

[0007] The basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions and the basement roof large slope inclined plate earthwork backfill construction method include: The slope of the soil pile is steeper than the top plate of less than 10 degrees; in order to ensure that the soil in the high fill area does not slide after backfilling, it is handled from two aspects: construction technology and soil consolidation measures; in terms of construction technology, the soil is loaded in stages, with 3m of soil in the first stage and one level every 2m upwards, the soil pile rate is controlled, each level of soil pile is backfilled in layers, fully compacted, and settlement detection is set at the same time, and the lower level of soil pile is carried out after the settlement is stable; the direction of soil pile is from bottom to top, and excavators and rollers are used to backfill step by step; the soil consolidation technical measures are to set steel-plastic geogrids in layers for areas with a slope steeper than 1:3, with a layer height of 1m. Each layer of steel-plastic geogrid is turned up 1m on the outermost edge and turned inward 2m at the same time, and fixed with U-shaped nails to wrap the backfill soil as a whole; geotextiles are laid in layers to prevent water from seeping into the interface between the fill soil and the new and old soil layers, resulting in a decrease in soil strength. The movement of the backfill soil can be foreseen to effectively strengthen the fill soil strength; For the large inclined slab backfill with a slope of more than 10 degrees, a reinforced concrete retaining wall is used as a soil consolidation measure for the top slab backfill soil; after calculation and review, the final treatment plan is determined, the spacing of the structural retaining wall is 4.5m / 9m, the retaining wall is not set continuously, and a 1m interval is set every 2m along the wall direction, and the 1m of the retaining wall The intervals should be arranged in a plum blossom shape, that is, the gap strip should avoid continuous penetration of the retaining wall in the slope direction. The height should be 300mm below the soil surface. The construction process of the inclined plate retaining wall: first, reserve vertical dowel bars on the top plate beam, and roughen the roots after the top plate concrete is poured. If the top plate has been poured on site, chemical rebar planting is used. After drilling and planting, the roots are roughened. Then, the horizontal bars and tension bars are tied to make it a force-bearing whole. The spacing between the hooks should be controlled, with one end of the hook at 90° and the other end at 135°. Adjacent hooks are staggered and should be fully tied. Cement pads are set on both sides of the wall to control the size of the steel bar protective layer. Seal the mold and pour concrete. Cast and shape, cover with geotextile and water for maintenance. Waterproof layer construction: Apply high-viscosity anti-slip waterproof coating → Lay waterproof additional layer at the corners → SBS Construction of root-penetration-resistant waterproof membrane; brickwork protective layer to protect the waterproof membrane to prevent lateral pressure and water seepage after soil loading from damaging the waterproof layer; backfilling is done from bottom to top, from the bottom, when encountering a retaining wall, first backfill the lower retaining wall, then backfill the retaining wall part, and finally backfill the empty part, compact it, and then continue to backfill to the top of the shaped hill.

[0008] The construction method of lawn vegetation on the basement roof under complex working conditions, the implementation steps of lawn vegetation above the basement roof include base surface cleaning, line laying and elevation measurement, installation of galvanized anchors, backfilling, excavation, slope foot, laying blind pipes and backfilling slope foot, laying seepage drainage boards, laying geotextiles, laying HDPE retaining boards, soil screening, filling and paving technical support layers, excavation, burial and backfilling of water supply and drainage pipes, laying geotextiles, laying geocells, steel strand installation, filling and paving, soil cultivation, laying three-dimensional nets, filling and paving topsoil, spreading fertilizers, growth hormones, adhesives, greening planting and maintenance.

[0009] The basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions specifically includes: Cross-construction backfill or excavation of slope foot or solid soil area: According to the drawings, the construction surface of the scope is measured, and after several measurements of the terrain, it is determined whether the area is backfilled or excavated; if it is a backfill area, the backfill area needs to be backfilled in layers to the designed elevation, 50cm backfill soil and 50cm crushed stone are laid alternately, and the backfill is compacted in layers to ensure the backfill density. After the backfill is completed, the EPS geofoam board is laid; in the excavation area, after mechanical excavation to the designed elevation, the EPS geofoam board is laid; the backfill excavation area at the foot of the slope must be compacted according to the requirements of the drawings; Laying of blind pipes and backfilling of solid soil areas: The blind pipe is laid in the solid soil area, backfilled or excavated to the designed elevation, and two layers of single-row XPS polystyrene boards are installed along the structural wall of the EPS geofoam board. The surface layer of the second layer of EPS geofoam board is compacted mechanically to the foot of the slope, and then the blind pipe is laid out by special layout personnel, and the trench is excavated manually. The depth of the trench is 120cm, 40cm wide, leave 20cm at the bottom of the trench for manual excavation and leveling. Under the condition of ensuring that the elevation and slope are correct, lay the geotextile first and then lay the blind pipe, then backfill with gravel and cover with non-woven fabric, and finally manually backfill 60cm of soil, and backfill and tamp every 30cm layer; then lay a layer of EPS geofoam board, and then compact it, and backfill in this order; after the first blind pipe is completed, 50cm of soil and 50cm of gravel are backfilled in layers by machinery, and after compaction, the second EPS geofoam board is laid, and the layers are carried out step by step, directly backfilling to the second blind pipe, and the second blind pipe is buried according to the construction procedure of the first blind pipe, and finally the slope is brushed to the foot of the slope and the road surface; during construction in the rainy season, the surface backfill soil needs to be backfilled from the foot of the slope in the solid soil area upwards, and the backfill range is: the solid soil area or the outermost wall of the building backfilled from the foot of the slope, and this layer is backfilled to the 200g / ㎡ geotextile layer in the solid soil area; Laying drainage board and tying HDPE retaining board: The 30-thick drainage board is transported manually from the stockpile yard to the construction site, and then the material is transported manually from the solid soil area after backfilling to the top of the building to ensure that the geotextile does not sink after covering the soil and that there is enough drainage space. It should be laid manually in the same direction. The overlap should be laid flat from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope in the direction of the test roof drainage slope. Reverse laying is not allowed, and the board is spliced ​​in a buckled overlap manner; after the finished product is laid, it is strictly forbidden to expose it to the sun to prevent shrinkage and deformation in high temperature weather, and the next process should be carried out in time; the joints, openings, eaves, drainage ditches, walkways, and memory lines are manually bonded or tied and fixed, and anti-slip nails are installed to ensure that the drainage board covers the entire building surface. While laying, pay attention to measuring the slope and elevation to ensure that the drainage board is laid smoothly and the drainage is unobstructed; the retaining board is made of 2cm thick and 20cm high HDPE material. Try to avoid seams when connecting, and the joints and when tying with anchor rods must be tied firmly. Backfill the 20cm technical support layer of soil. The soil will produce lateral pressure on the retaining board. The retaining board allows a certain degree of deformation. After the lateral pressure of the soil is fully released, the retaining board still plays the role of retaining soil.

[0010] Laying 300g / ㎡ geotextile: Before laying the geotextile, first clean up the residual garbage on the upper layer, and then transport it from the stockpile yard to the construction site manually. Since the geotextile is rolled and heavy, it is transported to the top of the slope manually and laid from top to bottom. Lay the surface, overlap the joints by 40cm, and then fix the top, bottom and joints with anti-slip nails to ensure that the laying is stable and smooth; after laying, cover it in time to prevent aging due to sunlight, and fill it as you lay it. Do not damage the non-woven fabric. If it is damaged, replace it and lay it again; Filling technology support layer: Soil requirements The thick technical support layer uses sieved fine soil, and the 200+50 thick planting layer uses formulated soil. Due to the variable elevation of the grass slope, the thickness of the covering soil needs to be adjusted at some locations. The covering soil layer is used for slope construction, and the overall height of the covering soil layer is not more than 700; The soil for covering grass slopes shall meet the following requirements: The physical and chemical properties of the soil should meet the following requirements: pH value 6~75, organic matter content ≥2.0%, total pore size ≥50%, gravel particle size ≤1cm, gravel content ≤10%; Soil improvement should comply with the following provisions: For soils with a pH value of <6 or >7.5, lime, plant ash or acidic media should be used to improve the soil. Make the soil planting layer reach a pH value of 6-7.5; Soil with a total pore volume of 50% must be improved with organic matter or loose media, such as heavy clay soil and powdery soil, 30-40% coarse sand should be added; For soils with less than 2% organic matter, well-rotted organic fertilizer or a medium rich in organic matter should be applied. To organic matter content ≥ 2%; Tillage and leveling: Before tilling the lawn, chemical weed control should be carried out, and weeds should be sprayed several times in areas with dense weeds. After the herbicide or herbicide has expired, the ground should be fully tilled to a depth of 25 cm. If necessary, the soil should be disinfected to kill pathogens and pests. Then the soil should be raked finely. In areas where the soil is compacted, the soil should be mechanically crushed to make the diameter of the soil blocks less than 1 cm. Old weeds and debris should be cleared. Tillage during the rainy season is strictly prohibited. Low-lying water areas should be filled and leveled. Fertilizer preparation: Base fertilizer is mainly fully decomposed organic fertilizer, with an application rate of 0.5~1.0kg / m 2 Superphosphate 50~75g / m 2 , you can combine tillage to evenly apply fertilizer; Before backfilling, it is necessary to witness the sampling of soil samples on site and send them to relevant qualified units for testing. After the test report comes out, arrangements will be made according to the test report results. If the test results meet the design requirements, the on-site soil can be backfilled. If the test results do not meet the results, improvements must be made or foreign soil must be used to replace the soil, and it can only be used after a second inspection to meet the design requirements. Earthwork transportation and stacking: The 200mm thick technical support layer and 200mm+50mm thick planting layer of the earth-covered roof are both made of purchased soil. Before backfilling, the soil needs to be screened and filtered using a sieve to ensure that the diameter of the soil particles meets the design requirements. After the soil is screened, it is aired according to the actual soil conditions. The soil is required to be loose and clump, and the soil moisture meets the optimal backfilling requirements. Fertilizer is then evenly applied and the soil components are mixed. After mixing evenly, it is transported to the foot of the slope in the solid soil area by a loader or a muck truck. Screening and fertilizer mixing can ensure that the soil has good water permeability and air permeability, promote plant rooting and development, and is beneficial to plant growth and water retention and soil consolidation. Backfilling work: The stadium's soil-covered planting roof has a large area, variable slopes, and complex elevations. A single soil-covering method is difficult to meet construction needs. Combined with the actual project, the construction is divided into sections according to the span and plane position. Before backfilling, the garbage, stagnant water, organic matter, scattered materials and other debris on the geotextile should be removed; the previous process should be inspected and accepted, and attention should be paid to the inspection and acceptance of the hidden process, and the hidden acceptance procedures should be completed before backfilling. construction; Partition backfill construction: Area 1: A 50 shovel truck and a light dump truck will transport the screened fine soil to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator. The areas beyond the range will be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator. The long-arm excavator will transport the fine soil to various areas in Area 1, and then multiple 210 excavators and 18-type micro-excavators will transport, level and spread the soil, and finally fine-level it manually. After the retaining plates are installed, the geotextiles and geotextile formats are laid and fixed with steel strands in some areas, the purchased formula soil is transported to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator by a 50 shovel truck in cooperation with a light dump truck; the areas beyond the range need to be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator for a second time, and the long-arm excavator transports the formula soil to the geotextile within the range, and then the formula soil is transported by a manual bucket truck, spread and filled into the geotextile format and compacted, and then manually spread and leveled as a whole by a 18-type micro-excavator. After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid and fixed, the 50 shovel truck cooperates with the light dump truck to transport the purchased formula soil to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator's arm; the area beyond the range needs to be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator for a second time, and the long-arm excavator will transport the formula soil to the three-dimensional vegetation net in area 1, and then all of it will be transported, spread and leveled manually by manual bucket trucks.

[0011] Area 2: 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil pile points below each hole in Area 2, and an 80 small excavator turns the soil into the hopper. A 35t truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the surrounding area above the hole, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transport the soil in sections to various areas in Area 2 for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling. ; After installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, the purchased formula soil is transported to the soil pile points below the openings of the second area by 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks, and the soil is turned into the hopper by an 80 small excavator. The 35t truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the opening of the second area. The formula soil is then transported by manual bucket trucks, spread, filled into the geotextile format and compacted, and then spread and leveled as a whole by manual cooperation with 18-type micro-excavators; After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid and fixed, the purchased formula soil is transported to the soil pile points below the openings of the second area by 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks, and the soil is turned into the hopper by an 80 small excavator. The 35t truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the three-dimensional vegetation net above the opening of the second area, and then all are transported, spread and leveled manually by manual bucket trucks; Zone 3: The 50 t forklift and light dump truck transported the screened fine soil to the pile points below the openings of each zone in the third area, and the 80 t small excavator turned the soil into the hopper. The 50 t truck crane transported the hopper vertically to the surrounding area above the opening, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transported it in sections to various areas of the second zone for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling. After installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, the 50 t forklift and light dump truck transported the purchased formula soil to the pile points below the openings of each zone in the third zone, and the 80 t small excavator turned the soil into the hopper. The 50 t truck crane transported the hopper vertically to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the opening, and then the manual bucket truck transported the formula soil, spread it, filled it into the geotextile format and compacted it, and then the 18-type micro-excavator was used to spread and fine level the whole. After the three-dimensional vegetation net was laid and fixed, the 50 Forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile points below the entrances of the three zones. The 80-ton small excavator turns the soil into the hopper. The 50-ton truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the three-dimensional vegetation network above the entrances of the three zones. Then, all the soil is transported, spread and finely leveled by manual bucket trucks. Area 4: 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil pile below the entrance of Area 4, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the hopper, and then 100t truck cranes vertically transport it to the soil pile above the entrance, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transport it in sections to various areas of Area 4 for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling; after installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the pile below the entrance of each area, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the hopper, and 100t truck cranes vertically transport the hopper to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the entrance, and then the manual bucket trucks transport the formula soil, spread it, fill it into the geotextile format and compact it, and then manually cooperate with 18-type micro-excavators to spread and fine level the whole; after laying and fixing the three-dimensional vegetation net, 50 Forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil stacking point below each hole in District 4, where the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the hopper, and the 100t truck crane vertically transports the hopper to the three-dimensional vegetation network above the hole in District 4, and then all of them are transported, spread and finely leveled by manual bucket trucks; District 5: Since the extension range of the truck crane's arm cannot meet the lifting operation in this area, a cantilever crane is used to vertically transport fine soil and formula soil to ensure the backfilling of fine soil and formula soil in this area; 50 forklifts and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil stacking point below the hole in District 5, where the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the hopper of the cantilever crane, and then transports it to the soil stacking point above the hole in District 5, and then uses creepers and manual labor to load the fine soil into bucket trucks and transport them to District 5 for manual spreading, leveling and fine leveling; after installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, 50 Forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile below the entrance of the fifth district, and the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the cantilever hopper, and then transports it to the geotechnical format in the surrounding area above the entrance of the fifth district. After that, creepers and manual bucket trucks are used to pack and transport it to the fifth district for manual paving, leveling, and fine leveling. After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid and fixed, the 50 forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile below the entrance of each district, and the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the cantilever hopper, and the cantilever crane vertically moves the hopper. Transported to the three-dimensional vegetation net above the entrance of Zone 5, and then all transported, spread and manually leveled by manual bucket trucks; Area 6 is the "soil stacking" construction area. The slope of the structure inclined board at this location is 50°, and the landscape grass slope greening nodes are difficult to construct. After comprehensive consideration, this area adopts the "soil stacking" construction technology and the direct paving method to complete the greening construction of this area. The specific construction steps are as follows: 1. The construction of the waterproof protection layer and the following building layers is the same as other areas; 2. Use 50*50*4 angle steel to weld 3m*3m square grid; 3. Use special adhesive for soil-building to bond soil-building to concrete surface layer; 4. Grooving and paving of sprinkler irrigation pipes; 5. Weld and fix the flat steel on the upper part of the earth slab; 6. Lawn covering, paving and fiber net fixing; The backfilling of earthwork is carried out in layers. The backfilling of the planting layer can only be carried out after the overall construction of the technical guarantee layer is completed. After the construction of the technical guarantee layer is completed, uneven manual compaction is prevented to cause settlement, and 5cm of pre-settlement is reserved. After 20cm of manual backfilling is compacted, water is sprayed on the surface to ensure that there is no settlement of 20cm of backfilling. After the pre-settlement is completed, manual fine-tuning is carried out again to ensure that the earthwork is smoothly connected and does not affect the construction of the next process. 7. Deployment of water supply and drainage construction After the backfill of the 20cm technical support layer is completed, the pipe trench is excavated manually. When excavating the trench, it is necessary to avoid damaging the previous construction process and pay attention to the protection of the finished product. Before installing the pipeline, the bottom elevation of the trench and the bottom elevation of the pipeline must be measured and verified to ensure that the elevation of the completed surface on site is consistent with the design elevation before backfilling; the roof drainage ditch uses resin drainage ditch and concrete drainage ditch, which are then connected to the drainage ditch by HDPE drainage pipes and finally discharged into the municipal pipeline network; the top of the stadium roof is generally higher in the west and lower in the east, and the water under the canopy will be drained along the terrain from the high point on the west side to two drainage ditches along the slope, and to the low point on the east side to achieve collective connection with the downstream road edge ditch; A-type and D-type reinforced concrete drainage ditches are used for openings and eaves, and finished resin drainage ditches are used for types B, C, and E; due to the A and D The reinforced concrete gutters are located at the openings and eaves of the roof. All materials here need to be transported manually. The steel bars need to be processed as required from the processing plant and transported to the construction site for tying. Concrete pouring requires manual cooperation with tower cranes or cranes. Before pouring, the embedded rods and template holes need to be installed and reserved pipes need to be buried. The entrance and exit eaves are spatial structures. The drainage ditch needs to be spatially positioned according to the spatial shape of the eaves. The drainage ditch template needs to be processed according to the eaves shape to meet the drainage ditch shape-finding requirements. During the formwork process, the formwork elevation is reviewed using a total station to meet the design elevation requirements. When installing the resin drain ditch, the bottom of the ditch needs to be treated after the manual excavation of the trench to prevent soil settlement. The bottom of the ditch should be 10cm After hardening and leveling, resin drains are installed according to the control of the ditch top elevation. If the arc section is difficult to install, mortar can be used to ensure smooth connection. Adhesives are used to seal the drains to prevent water leakage. The cavity on the contact surface between the drain side wall and the concrete structure is filled with foam strips, and the upper part is sealed with weather-resistant glue to prevent water from draining into the side wall cavity. Drains must be equipped with reserved holes to connect with the drain board; the resin drain cover plate uses a customized stainless steel cover plate, and the specific model is determined according to the drawings; the drains are connected by HDPE drainage pipes. It is necessary to open holes in the drains according to the site, bury the pipes, and then seal the joints with cementitious products. HDPE pipes are gravity drainage, and the pipe connection is hot-melt bonding. In order to prevent slippage, the pipes need to be reinforced; the water supply pipes use HDPE pipes, and the sprinkler irrigation is divided into high and regional areas, and the sprinkler irrigation is controlled by electromagnetic valves in different areas and time periods; PE pipes are hot-melt bonded; the specific connection is to install sprinkler pipes 1.5m out of the pump room.Since the water supply pipeline is a pressure pipeline, this pipeline is buried above the drainage pipeline. When encountering a conflict with a large-diameter pipeline, timely report and adjust the plan, strictly follow the design requirements for construction, and complete the construction in sections and inspect in sections; install some automatic air relief valves at the highest point of the grass slope, and install some drain valves at the lowest point to facilitate the later maintenance of the pipeline and to drain the accumulated water in the pipeline in winter to prevent damage to the pipeline in bad weather; the steps of water supply and drainage construction: first construct the drainage ditch and drainage pipeline, and then the water supply pipeline above the drainage pipeline; the sequence of water and electricity construction is based on the 20cm earth backfill working surface of the roof to advance forward; after the water supply and drainage pipelines and cables are buried and backfilled, the trench needs to be manually compacted to prevent uneven settlement. Lower; then manually level the 20cm technical support layer and hand it over to the next process; the process of laying 200g / ㎡ geotextile refers to 300g / ㎡ geotextile; 8. Laying geocell The geocell is made of HDPE material and is laid in four specifications according to different slopes. 356-200-A is used for slopes of 35-45 degrees and above; 660-200-A is used for slopes within 25-35 degrees; 712-200-A is used within 10-25 degrees; the geocell paving range is based on the geocell plan layout; the geocell is manually transported from the material yard to the construction area, unfolded, straightened and smoothed, and laid flat against the lower layer to ensure that it is in a good stress state after the load is applied, and anchors are used for fixing; both the solid soil area and the non-solid soil area need to be fixed with anchor rods and special clamps; 9. Steel strand tensioning and geocell fixation Galvanized steel strands need to be tensioned before leaving the factory. The steel strands should be stacked in sequence and in an orderly manner. Forklifts or special hoists should be used for transportation in rolls to prevent the steel belts from breaking and forming loose packages. They should be transported to the foot of the slope and then transported to the top of the slope manually. The steel strands should be installed in the order from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope. The geocells need to be adjusted and fixed before installation, and then pre-tensioned. The steel strands are cut with toothless saws. The steel strands pass through the holes on the top of the anchor rods and the geocells, and are fixed with single-hole anchors and clips. The two ends of the steel strands are fixed to the rods pre-buried in the walls and beams to ensure tension. After tensioning, the geocells in the solid soil area need to be reinforced again to prevent side sliding. φ16 The three-level hot-pressed ribbed steel anchor rods are 0.8m long and inserted into the soil close to the side wall of the cell. The horizontal spacing is 2032mm and the vertical spacing is 1900mm. The upper limit cap is installed, and the top of the limit cap is flush with the top of the cell. The geogrid is backfilled with 20cm of formula soil. After the formula soil is screened, it is transported from the soil pile point to the foot of the slope in the construction area by a dump truck, and then transported to the construction area by a truck crane. The backfilling order is 20cm The backfilling method of the technical support layer is from bottom to top, and the focus of this backfilling layer is to backfill inside the cell, and the geocell must not be damaged, especially since the steel strands have been tensioned. This layer needs to be backfilled manually from the foot of the slope to each cell, and then backfilled upward from the cell after backfilling, ensuring that each manual soil transportation steps on the backfilled geocell, and the soil inside the cell needs to be manually compacted. Backfilling each cell is like backfilling a foundation pit, which requires detailed treatment to avoid uneven lawn paving due to soil settlement in the future, affecting the overall landscape effect; manually backfill the nutrient soil into each planting block; use a micro-rammer to compact the soil in layers; after compaction, use irrigation to promote soil settlement. During the process, pay attention to controlling the water flow speed and flow, and try to irrigate slowly to accelerate soil solidification; after the backfilling of the earthwork is completed, the surface layer needs to be measured for elevation to keep the surface layer flat and smooth; 10. Laying three-dimensional planting net The three-dimensional vegetation net is laid smoothly close to the geocell. Because the thickness of the three-dimensional net is 20mm, it is necessary to manually backfill with 20mm-30mm thick light improved nutrient soil, manually level it carefully, remove all obstacles that may cause the net mat to be lifted up on the slope, and expose it to water so that the slope naturally settles in place to ensure that the three-dimensional net mat is closely combined with the light nutrient soil slope to prevent soil loss caused by rain erosion. When laying the three-dimensional net, it should be laid from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope according to the size and length of the test module. 20cm is reserved for the top and bottom of the slope respectively. The joint position of each net surface should overlap by no less than 10cm. It is fixed with bamboo nails all around with a spacing of 15-20cm. The bamboo nails are fixed from top to bottom in sequence. After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid, 50 thick formula soil is evenly covered on the three-dimensional vegetation net to cover the net bag until there is no empty bag, and then Fertilizer, growth hormone, and binder are mixed evenly in the following proportions and applied on the surface; 11. Lawn paving and construction technology 1. Considering the temperature, lighting and maintenance and pruning frequency of the stadium roof, the lawn is used for paving and the roof grass is planted with Zoysia japonica. The lawn grows to a height of 4-5cm. Its root system is highly integrated with the improved soil. It has a strong creeping ability, can take root quickly, has a well-developed root system, is emerald green in color, grows slowly after forming, and is resistant to low pruning. 2. The lawn pest control will adopt the mixed spraying of organic phosphorus and pyrethroids. The conventional treatment method is: control once in May every year; in special cases, one or two more pesticides can be used for prevention and control; the specific methods are: using the phototaxis of mole crickets to spray pesticides at night to achieve twice the result with half the effort; grubs should be given priority to soil flooding; 3. Lawn disease control will use grass fungus, fumyxomycin, Carbendazim and other pesticides are sprayed alternately for treatment. The conventional treatment method is to treat the lawn once or twice during the rainy season every year when the lawn is mowed. The pest control work plan is formulated according to the climate conditions of the year. 12. Construction of grass slope memory line 1. According to the design drawing requirements, the grass slope memory line is a cast-in-place concrete structure, and the finished surface needs to present a good clear-faced concrete effect. In order to ensure that the pouring quality of the memory line meets the design requirements, the memory line template uses 1220*2440*15mm high-quality clear-faced templates for finalized production and processing; The grass slope has variable elevations, and the memory line changes with the elevation of the grass slope to form a three-dimensional space torsion system, and it needs to show a good smooth effect after completion. The overall construction positioning and measurement are difficult. Before the memory line construction, the coordinates of the memory line are located in combination with the grid on the drawing, and then the bottom and side molds of the memory line are laid using digital processing technology. Because there is a gap between the bottom of the memory line and the grass slope, extruded polystyrene boards are used to fill and fix it during construction. The bottom mold of the memory line falls on the extruded polystyrene board. After the concrete pouring is completed, the extruded polystyrene board at the bottom of the memory line is taken out and cleaned; In order to achieve the effect of plain concrete, the memory line has high requirements for the pouring quality of concrete. However, the cross-sectional size of the memory line is small and the position distribution is scattered. It is difficult to pour with a truck pump, and the pouring volume is difficult to control, which can easily cause pouring quality problems. Concrete pouring is carried out by hopper plus manual reverse transportation. After the truck pump pumps the concrete into the hopper, the hopper is lifted to the memory line by a truck crane, and then the concrete is manually transported at the hopper outlet using a bucket. In order to prevent quality problems caused by long concrete discharge time, the density of the material receiving personnel should ensure that the concrete is put into the mold in time. After the concrete is poured, the vibrator is used to vibrate the concrete and compact it in time. Memory line concrete curing; strictly control the demolding time of concrete, which should be enough to ensure that the memory line does not fall off or peel after demolding; the concrete should be fully watered for curing before demolding, so that the water can penetrate into the concrete through the gap between the concrete and the formwork; after demolding, sprinkle water on the concrete surface again, and then wrap it with plastic film. The corner joints should be tight and compacted, and the curing time should be no less than 14 days; Repair of concrete surface defects: Despite various measures, after demolding, due to the water seepage of concrete, the leakage of formwork and the high air content of concrete itself, some small bubbles, holes and sand belts will appear on the surface. After demolding, the surface slurry and loose sand should be removed immediately, and cement paste of the same type and strength grade should be used to repair and embed the defective parts. After the cement paste hardens, the entire component surface should be evenly polished with fine sandpaper and rinsed with water to ensure that there is no color difference on the surface. 13. Construction of clear water protective agent 1) This project intends to use organic silicone resin plain concrete protective agent for construction. No color difference should occur within the same visual range, and the construction process should be consistent; 2) After demolding, in addition to defect repair, directly apply protective agent. If large-scale construction concrete segregation defects lead to serious color difference and other problems, it is necessary to carry out overall large-scale color adjustment to reduce the serious color difference; During the above construction process, the following points should be noted: 1. Key points of backfilling and other construction processes: If the temporary concrete pavement is excavated, the access road needs to be repaired to facilitate the passage of material trucks and muck trucks. The width of the access road should be at least 5m. Due to construction in the rainy season, the access road needs to be backfilled with construction debris or paved with steel plates; The stadium is generally higher in the west and lower in the east, and the slope of the structural roof ranges from 15 degrees to 45 degrees. The vertical drop is close to 40m, and the construction is extremely difficult at the structural slope. When backfilling the earth manually, it is necessary to start from the foot of the slope and backfill from bottom to top. The slope length of the solid soil area at the foot of the slope is 10-30m, and the slope length of the roof structure is 30-100m. The horizontal and vertical distances of manual soil picking from the foot of the slope are relatively far, especially at the opening and eaves, it is necessary to pick up soil from the foot of the slope on both sides, and the transportation distance is increased. When backfilling, pay attention to layered backfilling. The original ground needs to be mechanically compacted at the foot of the slope, and the solid soil at the foot of the slope needs to be mechanically compacted in 30cm layers until the bottom of the 450cm planting structure layer. The backfill soil on the top of the building structure slope can only be backfilled in the upper layer after it is manually compacted. When backfilling manually, it is backfilled in sections and regions. April to August is the rainy season. In order to prevent landslides, backfill one section and cover another section to ensure the protection of the finished construction products and avoid soil erosion. The backfill soil and the surrounding areas of the structures need to be processed in detail; when backfilling on both sides of the walking trail and memory line, backfill according to the contour elevation designed on the drawings. In particular, when the backfill soil depth on both sides of the road is greater than 450cm, this area needs to be backfilled in layers, and a 450cm height is reserved along the slope to lay the structural layer; when backfilling around the drainage ditch, if the backfill soil is accidentally backfilled into the ditch, it needs to be cleaned up in time, and the surrounding area of ​​the ditch needs to follow the slope for easy drainage; safety is especially important during manual backfilling. When backfilling in sections, set up safety nets in sections, and various scaffolding, railings, and handrails to ensure construction safety. When necessary, fasten the safety belt or safety rope. In areas with larger slopes, it is necessary to set up high-altitude steel pipe scaffolding or make wooden steps, and add railings and handrails to facilitate manual construction and ensure safety; 2. When laying drainage boards, geotextiles, geocells, and three-dimensional vegetation nets, since the stadium roofs are all irregular in shape, they need to be laid along the slope according to different terrain slopes, and each angle needs to be handled delicately. For example, when encountering erection, the materials that need to be erected are in areas with larger slopes, and the length of the erection is 100cm, and the length of the erection is 40cm in areas with gentler slopes. After the erection is completed, the seams need to be sutured and bonded; geocells in areas with larger slopes need to be tied according to the manufacturer's installation opinions to ensure that the overlap is flat and without ups and downs; various materials for laying, especially when encountering openings, eaves, trails, memory lines, drainage ditches and other structures, need to be cut or split and laid along the curvature of the structure. This process is more complicated than general flat or slope laying, and requires more manpower to handle the laying details; 3. When the steel strand passes through the geocell, it needs to be tensioned along the slope of the grass slope and pass through each gap of the unfolded geocell. After passing through the geocell and the anchor rod, the two sides are fixed for tensioning. At the same time, each geocell is anchored with an anchor to prevent the geocell from sliding sideways after being squeezed; 4. When backfilling the geocell manually, the inner frame of each geocell needs to be backfilled. Generally, backfill from bottom to top. After the lower section is backfilled and compacted, you can step on the lower section to continue backfilling, so as to avoid damaging the geocell. If the construction period is tight, the workers need to step on the gaps in each cell to pick up soil, which increases the difficulty of construction and consumes a lot of manpower. 5. Safety is the top priority during the construction of each process. All safety measures must be taken, especially at the top of the eaves of the opening and the parking building where the slope is large. Safety protection measures must be taken. Safety nets and safety guardrails should be added in these places where the slope is gentler than other places. Safety ropes must be fastened during construction. When the slope is large and difficult to climb manually, scaffolding and handrails should be set up in steps to ensure the safety of construction workers. 6. Lawn The lawn belongs to the surface layer, and turf laying is particularly important. It needs to be laid thick and watered and compacted to ensure there is no settlement and to ensure that the surface is smooth and beautiful.

[0012] The technology of this patent solves the problem of constructing complex greening on the basement roof of the project. When a basement with a complex roof appears, it becomes more difficult to complete the vegetation planting, especially when there are more and more sloping roofs in the shape of mountain tops or terraced rice fields. It solves the difficult problem of backfill construction after the basement roof has a complex shape, improves the stability of the backfill after backfilling, and practices the concept of green building. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction object structure of this method.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of this method.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction object zoning of this method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection requested by the present application.

[0017] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 A method for constructing lawn vegetation on a basement roof under complex working conditions includes the steps of implementing the complex basement roof shaping and the steps of implementing lawn vegetation above the basement roof, wherein the steps of the complex basement roof shaping are divided into a large-area backfill construction method for leveling the site, a stepped basement roof backfill construction method, and a basement roof large-slope inclined plate earth backfill construction method; the steps of implementing lawn vegetation above the basement roof include cross-construction: backfill and excavation, and steps of slope foot and solid soil area.

[0018] The above-mentioned basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions and the large-area backfill construction method for leveling the site include: Step 1: Rolling before filling: After the base is cleared, use a grader to level it and a heavy roller to roll it to meet the specified requirements; after the base is processed, measure and lay out the lines, lay out the edges, measure the elevation, drive in marking stakes, and mark the thickness of the loose paving on the marking stakes. Check the compaction degree and elevation, and only after the inspection and approval by the supervising engineer can the next layer of earthwork be filled; Step 2, layered filling: Use the horizontal layered method for filling. Use an excavator to dig the soil, and transport it to the backfill area with a dump truck. According to the volume of each truck, calculate the unloading distance of each truck and mark out the grid to avoid excessive or insufficient filling. When unloading, it is not advisable to be close to the edge of the backfill area to prevent the bulldozer from spreading the backfill beyond the edge of the backfill area and wasting the filler. The loose paving thickness is controlled to be no more than 50cm. The overfilled parts on both sides of the backfill area should be filled and compacted in layers together with the backfill area filler, and the slope phenomenon should not appear. Each layer uses the same filler and the cumulative total thickness of each filler layer shall not be less than 0.5m. Step 3, spreading and leveling: When the moisture content is appropriate, spread and level immediately. Use a bulldozer for spreading, and an excavator or grader for leveling. When spreading, spread the middle first, then the edges. The width of each side should be 50cm greater than the designed width of the filling layer. Then, use an excavator or grader for leveling to ensure that the rolling is dense and uniform. When leveling, spread the two sides first and then the middle. The middle is slightly higher, and a 2% to 4% horizontal slope is set from the center line to both sides to ensure that the horizontal slope after forming and compaction is conducive to drainage. The thickness of the loose paving should be controlled within 50cm. And the maximum particle size of the filler should be strictly controlled not to exceed 2 / 3 of the layer thickness; Step 4, airing and watering: After paving and leveling, if the moisture content of the filler is greater than the optimum moisture content, it should be aired; otherwise, it should be watered and stirred; the moisture content of the filler should be controlled within ±2% of the optimum moisture content; when airing can no longer meet the requirements, it is necessary to add ash or replace the filler to meet the construction requirements; Step 5: Mechanical rolling: After paving and leveling, roll immediately when the moisture content is within ±2% of the optimum moisture content, using a YZ18 heavy-duty vibratory roller. When rolling, static compaction should be performed first, followed by weak vibration and then strong vibration compaction; the rolling speed should be slow at the beginning, and as the soil layer gradually becomes denser, the rolling speed can be gradually increased, but generally not more than 4km / h; first compact the two sides of the roadbed and then the middle; the horizontal wheel tracks should overlap by no less than 40cm, and the longitudinal joints should overlap by 1~2m to ensure a smooth transition at the joints; rolling should be done without leakage and dead corners, and uniform rolling should be ensured; the number of initial rolling passes is 3 times, namely static compaction once and weak vibration twice, record the number of rolling passes, measure the compaction degree on site, and record relevant data; then perform strong vibration rolling once each time, and record the test data of each pressurization, until there is no significant change in the compaction degree; if the compaction passes exceed 10 times and still cannot meet the compaction requirements, consider reducing the thickness of the fill layer and then repeat the above steps; Step 6: Quality inspection: After each rolling, a compaction test is immediately carried out to detect the compaction 10cm below the surface layer; the test is carried out using the ring knife method, and the inspection frequency is every 1000m of compaction. 2The number of regional inspection points shall be no less than 3; during the filling process, the maximum dry density and moisture content shall be spot-checked every 5,000 cubic meters; measurement and layout shall be conducted, and the compaction degree, width, cross slope and elevation shall be self-checked. Once qualified, the backfill compaction of this layer is completed.

[0019] The above-mentioned basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions and the stepped basement roof backfill construction method include a partitioning, layering, bottom-up, layer-by-layer process, specifically including Step 1: First, backfill the lowest point of the basement, then clean the site. After the site is cleaned, carry out the base treatment. After the treatment is leveled, backfill in layers. The focus of the backfilling process is to gradually reduce the amount of backfilled earthwork to ensure that the next layer of earthwork is firmer than the previous layer; the soil after filling should be watered and compacted until it reaches the density requirement, and then the next layer of soil is filled; Step 2: After the backfilling of the first step is completed, the construction machinery reaches the second step from bottom to top, and uses the first step as a platform to carry out earthwork construction of the second step; and the third and fourth steps are completed in the same way; Step 3: After completing the fourth or highest step, the fourth step area is constructed according to the elevation and soil quality requirements of the drawings, and then the roller is used to compact the soil layer by layer to the compaction degree required by the design. After passing the inspection, the backfill target of the fourth or highest step is completed; Step 4: After the fourth or highest step is completed, use the small machinery that has retreated to the third step to excavate and level the ground to meet the specified elevation requirements of the third step, and then use a roller to compact the ground in layers to the compaction degree required by the design; after passing the inspection, the third backfill target is completed; and so on to complete the final backfill elevation and requirements of the second, first, and other steps.

[0020] The basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions and the basement roof large slope inclined plate earthwork backfill construction method include: The slope of the soil pile is steeper than the top plate of less than 10 degrees; in order to ensure that the soil in the high fill area does not slide after backfilling, it is handled from two aspects: construction technology and soil consolidation measures; in terms of construction technology, the soil is loaded in stages, with 3m of soil in the first stage and one level every 2m upwards, the soil pile rate is controlled, each level of soil pile is backfilled in layers, fully compacted, and settlement detection is set at the same time, and the lower level of soil pile is carried out after the settlement is stable; the direction of soil pile is from bottom to top, and excavators and rollers are used to backfill step by step; the soil consolidation technical measures are to set steel-plastic geogrids in layers for areas with a slope steeper than 1:3, with a layer height of 1m. Each layer of steel-plastic geogrid is turned up 1m on the outermost edge and turned inward 2m at the same time, and fixed with U-shaped nails to wrap the backfill soil as a whole; geotextiles are laid in layers to prevent water from seeping into the interface between the fill soil and the new and old soil layers, resulting in a decrease in soil strength. The movement of the backfill soil can be foreseen to effectively strengthen the fill soil strength; For the large inclined slab backfill with a slope of more than 10 degrees, a reinforced concrete retaining wall is used as a soil consolidation measure for the top slab backfill soil; after calculation and review, the final treatment plan is determined, the spacing of the structural retaining wall is 4.5m / 9m, the retaining wall is not set continuously, and a 1m interval is set every 2m along the wall direction, and the 1m of the retaining wall The intervals should be arranged in a plum blossom shape, that is, the gap strip should avoid continuous penetration of the retaining wall in the slope direction. The height should be 300mm below the soil surface. The construction process of the inclined plate retaining wall: first, reserve vertical dowel bars on the top plate beam, and roughen the roots after the top plate concrete is poured. If the top plate has been poured on site, chemical rebar planting is used. After drilling and planting, the roots are roughened. Then, the horizontal bars and tension bars are tied to make it a force-bearing whole. The spacing between the hooks should be controlled, with one end of the hook at 90° and the other end at 135°. Adjacent hooks are staggered and should be fully tied. Cement pads are set on both sides of the wall to control the size of the steel bar protective layer. Seal the mold and pour concrete. Cast and shape, cover with geotextile and water for maintenance. Waterproof layer construction: Apply high-viscosity anti-slip waterproof coating → Lay waterproof additional layer at the corners → SBS Construction of root-penetration-resistant waterproof membrane; brickwork protective layer to protect the waterproof membrane to prevent lateral pressure and water seepage after soil loading from damaging the waterproof layer; backfilling is done from bottom to top, from the bottom, when encountering a retaining wall, first backfill the lower retaining wall, then backfill the retaining wall part, and finally backfill the empty part, compact it, and then continue to backfill to the top of the shaped hill.

[0021] The construction method of lawn vegetation on the basement roof under complex working conditions, the implementation steps of lawn vegetation above the basement roof include base surface cleaning, line laying and elevation measurement, installation of galvanized anchors, backfilling, excavation, slope foot, laying blind pipes and backfilling slope foot, laying seepage drainage boards, laying geotextiles, laying HDPE retaining boards, soil screening, filling and paving technical support layers, excavation, burial and backfilling of water supply and drainage pipes, laying geotextiles, laying geocells, steel strand installation, filling and paving, soil cultivation, laying three-dimensional nets, filling and paving topsoil, spreading fertilizers, growth hormones, adhesives, greening planting and maintenance.

[0022] The basement roof lawn vegetation construction method under complex working conditions specifically includes: Cross-construction backfill or excavation of slope foot or solid soil area: According to the drawings, the construction surface of the scope is measured, and after several measurements of the terrain, it is determined whether the area is backfilled or excavated; if it is a backfill area, the backfill area needs to be backfilled in layers to the designed elevation, 50cm backfill soil and 50cm crushed stone are laid alternately, and the backfill is compacted in layers to ensure the backfill density. After the backfill is completed, the EPS geofoam board is laid; in the excavation area, after mechanical excavation to the designed elevation, the EPS geofoam board is laid; the backfill excavation area at the foot of the slope must be compacted according to the requirements of the drawings; Laying of blind pipes and backfilling of solid soil areas: The blind pipe is laid in the solid soil area, backfilled or excavated to the designed elevation, and two layers of single-row XPS polystyrene boards are installed along the structural wall of the EPS geofoam board. The surface layer of the second layer of EPS geofoam board is compacted mechanically to the foot of the slope, and then the blind pipe is laid out by special layout personnel, and the trench is excavated manually. The depth of the trench is 120cm, 40cm wide, leave 20cm at the bottom of the trench for manual excavation and leveling. Under the condition of ensuring that the elevation and slope are correct, lay the geotextile first and then lay the blind pipe, then backfill with gravel and cover with non-woven fabric, and finally manually backfill 60cm of soil, and backfill and tamp every 30cm layer; then lay a layer of EPS geofoam board, and then compact it, and backfill in this order; after the first blind pipe is completed, 50cm of soil and 50cm of gravel are backfilled in layers by machinery, and after compaction, the second EPS geofoam board is laid, and the layers are carried out step by step, directly backfilling to the second blind pipe, and the second blind pipe is buried according to the construction procedure of the first blind pipe, and finally the slope is brushed to the foot of the slope and the road surface; during construction in the rainy season, the surface backfill soil needs to be backfilled from the foot of the slope in the solid soil area upwards, and the backfill range is: the solid soil area or the outermost wall of the building backfilled from the foot of the slope, and this layer is backfilled to the 200g / ㎡ geotextile layer in the solid soil area; Laying drainage board and tying HDPE retaining board: The 30-thick drainage board is transported manually from the stockpile yard to the construction site, and then the material is transported manually from the solid soil area after backfilling to the top of the building to ensure that the geotextile does not sink after covering the soil and that there is enough drainage space. It should be laid manually in the same direction. The overlap should be laid flat from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope in the direction of the test roof drainage slope. Reverse laying is not allowed, and the board is spliced ​​in a buckled overlap manner; after the finished product is laid, it is strictly forbidden to expose it to the sun to prevent shrinkage and deformation in high temperature weather, and the next process should be carried out in time; the joints, openings, eaves, drainage ditches, walkways, and memory lines are manually bonded or tied and fixed, and anti-slip nails are installed to ensure that the drainage board covers the entire building surface. While laying, pay attention to measuring the slope and elevation to ensure that the drainage board is laid smoothly and the drainage is unobstructed; the retaining board is made of 2cm thick and 20cm high HDPE material. Try to avoid seams when connecting, and the joints and when tying with anchor rods must be tied firmly. Backfill the 20cm technical support layer of soil. The soil will produce lateral pressure on the retaining board. The retaining board allows a certain degree of deformation. After the lateral pressure of the soil is fully released, the retaining board still plays the role of retaining soil.

[0023] Laying 300g / ㎡ geotextile: Before laying the geotextile, first clean up the residual garbage on the upper layer, and then transport it from the stockpile yard to the construction site manually. Since the geotextile is rolled and heavy, it is transported to the top of the slope manually and laid from top to bottom. Lay the surface, overlap the joints by 40cm, and then fix the top, bottom and joints with anti-slip nails to ensure that the laying is stable and smooth; after laying, cover it in time to prevent aging due to sunlight, and fill it as you lay it. Do not damage the non-woven fabric. If it is damaged, replace it and lay it again; Filling technology support layer: Soil requirements The thick technical support layer uses sieved fine soil, and the 200+50 thick planting layer uses formulated soil. Due to the variable elevation of the grass slope, the thickness of the covering soil needs to be adjusted at some locations. The covering soil layer is used for slope construction, and the overall height of the covering soil layer is not more than 700; The soil for covering grass slopes shall meet the following requirements: The physical and chemical properties of the soil should meet the following requirements: pH value 6~75, organic matter content ≥2.0%, total pore size ≥50%, gravel particle size ≤1cm, gravel content ≤10%; Soil improvement should comply with the following provisions: For soils with a pH value of <6 or >7.5, lime, plant ash or acidic media should be used to improve the soil. Make the soil planting layer reach a pH value of 6-7.5; Soil with a total pore volume of 50% must be improved with organic matter or loose media, such as heavy clay soil and powdery soil, 30-40% coarse sand should be added; For soils with less than 2% organic matter, well-rotted organic fertilizer or a medium rich in organic matter should be applied. To organic matter content ≥ 2%; Tillage and leveling: Before tilling the lawn, chemical weed control should be carried out, and weeds should be sprayed several times in areas with dense weeds. After the herbicide or herbicide has expired, the ground should be fully tilled to a depth of 25 cm. If necessary, the soil should be disinfected to kill pathogens and pests. Then the soil should be raked finely. In areas where the soil is compacted, the soil should be mechanically crushed to make the diameter of the soil blocks less than 1 cm. Old weeds and debris should be cleared. Tillage during the rainy season is strictly prohibited. Low-lying water areas should be filled and leveled. Fertilizer preparation: Base fertilizer is mainly fully decomposed organic fertilizer, with an application rate of 0.5~1.0kg / m 2 Superphosphate 50~75g / m 2 , you can combine tillage to evenly apply fertilizer; Before backfilling, it is necessary to witness the sampling of soil samples on site and send them to relevant qualified units for testing. After the test report comes out, arrangements will be made according to the test report results. If the test results meet the design requirements, the on-site soil can be backfilled. If the test results do not meet the results, improvements must be made or foreign soil must be used to replace the soil, and it can only be used after a second inspection to meet the design requirements. Earthwork transportation and stacking: The 200mm thick technical support layer and 200mm+50mm thick planting layer of the earth-covered roof are both made of purchased soil. Before backfilling, the soil needs to be screened and filtered using a sieve to ensure that the diameter of the soil particles meets the design requirements. After the soil is screened, it is aired according to the actual soil conditions. The soil is required to be loose and clump, and the soil moisture meets the optimal backfilling requirements. Fertilizer is then evenly applied and the soil components are mixed. After mixing evenly, it is transported to the foot of the slope in the solid soil area by a loader or a muck truck. Screening and fertilizer mixing can ensure that the soil has good water permeability and air permeability, promote plant rooting and development, and is beneficial to plant growth and water retention and soil consolidation. Backfilling work: The stadium's soil-covered planting roof has a large area, variable slopes, and complex elevations. A single soil-covering method is difficult to meet construction needs. Combined with the actual project, the construction is divided into sections according to the span and plane position. Before backfilling, the garbage, stagnant water, organic matter, scattered materials and other debris on the geotextile should be removed; the previous process should be inspected and accepted, and attention should be paid to the inspection and acceptance of the hidden process, and the hidden acceptance procedures should be completed before backfilling. construction; Partition backfill construction: Area 1: A 50 shovel truck and a light dump truck will transport the screened fine soil to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator. The areas beyond the range will be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator. The long-arm excavator will transport the fine soil to various areas in Area 1, and then multiple 210 excavators and 18-type micro-excavators will transport, level and spread the soil, and finally fine-level it manually. After the retaining plates are installed, the geotextiles and geotextile formats are laid and fixed with steel strands in some areas, the purchased formula soil is transported to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator by a 50 shovel truck in cooperation with a light dump truck; the areas beyond the range need to be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator for a second time, and the long-arm excavator transports the formula soil to the geotextile within the range, and then the formula soil is transported by a manual bucket truck, spread and filled into the geotextile format and compacted, and then manually spread and leveled as a whole by a 18-type micro-excavator. After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid and fixed, the 50 shovel truck cooperates with the light dump truck to transport the purchased formula soil to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator's arm; the area beyond the range needs to be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator for a second time, and the long-arm excavator will transport the formula soil to the three-dimensional vegetation net in area 1, and then all of it will be transported, spread and leveled manually by manual bucket trucks.

[0024] Area 2: 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil pile points below each hole in Area 2, and an 80 small excavator turns the soil into the hopper. A 35t truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the surrounding area above the hole, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transport the soil in sections to various areas in Area 2 for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling. ; After installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, the purchased formula soil is transported to the soil pile points below the openings of the second area by 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks, and the soil is turned into the hopper by an 80 small excavator. The 35t truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the opening of the second area. The formula soil is then transported by manual bucket trucks, spread, filled into the geotextile format and compacted, and then spread and leveled as a whole by manual cooperation with 18-type micro-excavators; After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid and fixed, the purchased formula soil is transported to the soil pile points below the openings of the second area by 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks, and the soil is turned into the hopper by an 80 small excavator. The 35t truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the three-dimensional vegetation net above the opening of the second area, and then all are transported, spread and leveled manually by manual bucket trucks; Zone 3: The 50 t forklift and light dump truck transported the screened fine soil to the pile points below the openings of each zone in the third area, and the 80 t small excavator turned the soil into the hopper. The 50 t truck crane transported the hopper vertically to the surrounding area above the opening, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transported it in sections to various areas of the second zone for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling. After installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, the 50 t forklift and light dump truck transported the purchased formula soil to the pile points below the openings of each zone in the third zone, and the 80 t small excavator turned the soil into the hopper. The 50 t truck crane transported the hopper vertically to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the opening, and then the manual bucket truck transported the formula soil, spread it, filled it into the geotextile format and compacted it, and then the 18-type micro-excavator was used to spread and fine level the whole. After the three-dimensional vegetation net was laid and fixed, the 50 Forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile points below the entrances of the three zones. The 80-ton small excavator turns the soil into the hopper. The 50-ton truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the three-dimensional vegetation network above the entrances of the three zones. Then, all the soil is transported, spread and finely leveled by manual bucket trucks. Area 4: 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil pile below the entrance of Area 4, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the hopper, and then 100t truck cranes vertically transport it to the soil pile above the entrance, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transport it in sections to various areas of Area 4 for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling; after installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the pile below the entrance of each area, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the hopper, and 100t truck cranes vertically transport the hopper to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the entrance, and then the manual bucket trucks transport the formula soil, spread it, fill it into the geotextile format and compact it, and then manually cooperate with 18-type micro-excavators to spread and fine level the whole; after laying and fixing the three-dimensional vegetation net, 50 Forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil stacking point below each hole in District 4, where the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the hopper, and the 100t truck crane vertically transports the hopper to the three-dimensional vegetation network above the hole in District 4, and then all of them are transported, spread and finely leveled by manual bucket trucks; District 5: Since the extension range of the truck crane's arm cannot meet the lifting operation in this area, a cantilever crane is used to vertically transport fine soil and formula soil to ensure the backfilling of fine soil and formula soil in this area; 50 forklifts and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil stacking point below the hole in District 5, where the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the hopper of the cantilever crane, and then transports it to the soil stacking point above the hole in District 5, and then uses creepers and manual labor to load the fine soil into bucket trucks and transport them to District 5 for manual spreading, leveling and fine leveling; after installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, 50 Forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile below the entrance of the fifth district, and the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the cantilever hopper, and then transports it to the geotechnical format in the surrounding area above the entrance of the fifth district. After that, creepers and manual bucket trucks are used to pack and transport it to the fifth district for manual paving, leveling, and fine leveling. After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid and fixed, the 50 forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile below the entrance of each district, and the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the cantilever hopper, and the cantilever crane vertically moves the hopper. Transported to the three-dimensional vegetation net above the entrance of Zone 5, and then all transported, spread and manually leveled by manual bucket trucks; Area 6 is the "soil stacking" construction area. The slope of the structure inclined board at this location is 50°, and the landscape grass slope greening nodes are difficult to construct. After comprehensive consideration, this area adopts the "soil stacking" construction technology and the direct paving method to complete the greening construction of this area. The specific construction steps are as follows: 1. The construction of the waterproof protection layer and the following building layers is the same as other areas; 2. Use 50*50*4 angle steel to weld 3m*3m square grid; 3. Use special adhesive for soil-building to bond soil-building to concrete surface layer; 4. Grooving and paving of sprinkler irrigation pipes; 5. Weld and fix the flat steel on the upper part of the earth slab; 6. Lawn covering, paving and fiber net fixing; The backfilling of earthwork is carried out in layers. The backfilling of the planting layer can only be carried out after the overall construction of the technical guarantee layer is completed. After the construction of the technical guarantee layer is completed, uneven manual compaction is prevented to cause settlement, and 5cm of pre-settlement is reserved. After 20cm of manual backfilling is compacted, water is sprayed on the surface to ensure that there is no settlement of 20cm of backfilling. After the pre-settlement is completed, manual fine-tuning is carried out again to ensure that the earthwork is smoothly connected and does not affect the construction of the next process. 7. Deployment of water supply and drainage construction After the backfill of the 20cm technical support layer is completed, the pipe trench is excavated manually. When excavating the trench, it is necessary to avoid damaging the previous construction process and pay attention to the protection of the finished product. Before installing the pipeline, the bottom elevation of the trench and the bottom elevation of the pipeline must be measured and verified to ensure that the elevation of the completed surface on site is consistent with the design elevation before backfilling; the roof drainage ditch uses resin drainage ditch and concrete drainage ditch, which are then connected to the drainage ditch by HDPE drainage pipes and finally discharged into the municipal pipeline network; the top of the stadium roof is generally higher in the west and lower in the east, and the water under the canopy will be drained along the terrain from the high point on the west side to two drainage ditches along the slope, and to the low point on the east side to achieve collective connection with the downstream road edge ditch; A-type and D-type reinforced concrete drainage ditches are used for openings and eaves, and finished resin drainage ditches are used for types B, C, and E; due to the A and D The reinforced concrete gutters are located at the openings and eaves of the roof. All materials here need to be transported manually. The steel bars need to be processed as required from the processing plant and transported to the construction site for tying. Concrete pouring requires manual cooperation with tower cranes or cranes. Before pouring, the embedded rods and template holes need to be installed and reserved pipes need to be buried. The entrance and exit eaves are spatial structures. The drainage ditch needs to be spatially positioned according to the spatial shape of the eaves. The drainage ditch template needs to be processed according to the eaves shape to meet the drainage ditch shape-finding requirements. During the formwork process, the formwork elevation is reviewed using a total station to meet the design elevation requirements. When installing the resin drain ditch, the bottom of the ditch needs to be treated after the manual excavation of the trench to prevent soil settlement. The bottom of the ditch should be 10cm After hardening and leveling, resin drains are installed according to the control of the ditch top elevation. If the arc section is difficult to install, mortar can be used to ensure smooth connection. Adhesives are used to seal the drains to prevent water leakage. The cavity on the contact surface between the drain side wall and the concrete structure is filled with foam strips, and the upper part is sealed with weather-resistant glue to prevent water from draining into the side wall cavity. Drains must be equipped with reserved holes to connect with the drain board; the resin drain cover plate uses a customized stainless steel cover plate, and the specific model is determined according to the drawings; the drains are connected by HDPE drainage pipes. It is necessary to open holes in the drains according to the site, bury the pipes, and then seal the joints with cementitious products. HDPE pipes are gravity drainage, and the pipe connection is hot-melt bonding. In order to prevent slippage, the pipes need to be reinforced; the water supply pipes use HDPE pipes, and the sprinkler irrigation is divided into high and regional areas, and the sprinkler irrigation is controlled by electromagnetic valves in different areas and time periods; PE pipes are hot-melt bonded; the specific connection is to install sprinkler pipes 1.5m out of the pump room.Since the water supply pipeline is a pressure pipeline, this pipeline is buried above the drainage pipeline. When encountering a conflict with a large-diameter pipeline, timely report and adjust the plan, strictly follow the design requirements for construction, and complete the construction in sections and inspect in sections; install some automatic air relief valves at the highest point of the grass slope, and install some drain valves at the lowest point to facilitate the later maintenance of the pipeline and to drain the accumulated water in the pipeline in winter to prevent damage to the pipeline in bad weather; the steps of water supply and drainage construction: first construct the drainage ditch and drainage pipeline, and then the water supply pipeline above the drainage pipeline; the sequence of water and electricity construction is based on the 20cm earth backfill working surface of the roof to advance forward; after the water supply and drainage pipelines and cables are buried and backfilled, the trench needs to be manually compacted to prevent uneven settlement. Lower; then manually level the 20cm technical support layer and hand it over to the next process; the process of laying 200g / ㎡ geotextile refers to 300g / ㎡ geotextile; 8. Laying geocell The geocell is made of HDPE material and is laid in four specifications according to different slopes. 356-200-A is used for slopes of 35-45 degrees and above; 660-200-A is used for slopes within 25-35 degrees; 712-200-A is used within 10-25 degrees; the geocell paving range is based on the geocell plan layout; the geocell is manually transported from the material yard to the construction area, unfolded, straightened and smoothed, and laid flat against the lower layer to ensure that it is in a good stress state after the load is applied, and anchors are used for fixing; both the solid soil area and the non-solid soil area need to be fixed with anchor rods and special clamps; 9. Steel strand tensioning and geocell fixation Galvanized steel strands need to be tensioned before leaving the factory. The steel strands should be stacked in sequence and in an orderly manner. Forklifts or special hoists should be used for transportation in rolls to prevent the steel belts from breaking and forming loose packages. They should be transported to the foot of the slope and then transported to the top of the slope manually. The steel strands should be installed in the order from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope. The geocells need to be adjusted and fixed before installation, and then pre-tensioned. The steel strands are cut with toothless saws. The steel strands pass through the holes on the top of the anchor rods and the geocells, and are fixed with single-hole anchors and clips. The two ends of the steel strands are fixed to the rods pre-buried in the walls and beams to ensure tension. After tensioning, the geocells in the solid soil area need to be reinforced again to prevent side sliding. φ16 The three-level hot-pressed ribbed steel anchor rods are 0.8m long and inserted into the soil close to the side wall of the cell. The horizontal spacing is 2032mm and the vertical spacing is 1900mm. The upper limit cap is installed, and the top of the limit cap is flush with the top of the cell. The geogrid is backfilled with 20cm of formula soil. After the formula soil is screened, it is transported from the soil pile point to the foot of the slope in the construction area by a dump truck, and then transported to the construction area by a truck crane. The backfilling order is 20cm The backfilling method of the technical support layer is from bottom to top, and the focus of this backfilling layer is to backfill inside the cell, and the geocell must not be damaged, especially since the steel strands have been tensioned. This layer needs to be backfilled manually from the foot of the slope to each cell, and then backfilled upward from the cell after backfilling, ensuring that each manual soil transportation steps on the backfilled geocell, and the soil inside the cell needs to be manually compacted. Backfilling each cell is like backfilling a foundation pit, which requires detailed treatment to avoid uneven lawn paving due to soil settlement in the future, affecting the overall landscape effect; manually backfill the nutrient soil into each planting block; use a micro-rammer to compact the soil in layers; after compaction, use irrigation to promote soil settlement. During the process, pay attention to controlling the water flow speed and flow, and try to irrigate slowly to accelerate soil solidification; after the backfilling of the earthwork is completed, the surface layer needs to be measured for elevation to keep the surface layer flat and smooth; 10. Laying three-dimensional planting net The three-dimensional vegetation net is laid smoothly close to the geocell. Because the thickness of the three-dimensional net is 20mm, it is necessary to manually backfill with 20mm-30mm thick light improved nutrient soil, manually level it carefully, remove all obstacles that may cause the net mat to be lifted up on the slope, and expose it to water so that the slope naturally settles in place to ensure that the three-dimensional net mat is closely combined with the light nutrient soil slope to prevent soil loss caused by rain erosion. When laying the three-dimensional net, it should be laid from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope according to the size and length of the test module. 20cm is reserved for the top and bottom of the slope respectively. The joint position of each net surface should overlap by no less than 10cm. It is fixed with bamboo nails all around with a spacing of 15-20cm. The bamboo nails are fixed from top to bottom in sequence. After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid, 50 thick formula soil is evenly covered on the three-dimensional vegetation net to cover the net bag until there is no empty bag, and then Fertilizer, growth hormone, and binder are mixed evenly in the following proportions and applied on the surface; 11. Lawn paving and construction technology 1. Considering the temperature, lighting and maintenance and pruning frequency of the stadium roof, the lawn is used for paving and the roof grass is planted with Zoysia japonica. The lawn grows to a height of 4-5cm. Its root system is highly integrated with the improved soil. It has a strong creeping ability, can take root quickly, has a well-developed root system, is emerald green in color, grows slowly after forming, and is resistant to low pruning. 2. The lawn pest control will adopt the mixed spraying of organic phosphorus and pyrethroids. The conventional treatment method is: control once in May every year; in special cases, one or two more pesticides can be used for prevention and control; the specific methods are: using the phototaxis of mole crickets to spray pesticides at night to achieve twice the result with half the effort; grubs should be given priority to soil flooding; 3. Lawn disease control will use grass fungus, fumyxomycin, Carbendazim and other pesticides are sprayed alternately for treatment. The conventional treatment method is to treat the lawn once or twice during the rainy season every year when the lawn is mowed. The pest control work plan is formulated according to the climate conditions of the year. 12. Construction of grass slope memory line 1. According to the design drawing requirements, the grass slope memory line is a cast-in-place concrete structure, and the finished surface needs to present a good clear-faced concrete effect. In order to ensure that the pouring quality of the memory line meets the design requirements, the memory line template uses 1220*2440*15mm high-quality clear-faced templates for finalized production and processing; The grass slope has variable elevations, and the memory line changes with the elevation of the grass slope to form a three-dimensional space torsion system, and it needs to show a good smooth effect after completion. The overall construction positioning and measurement are difficult. Before the memory line construction, the coordinates of the memory line are located in combination with the grid on the drawing, and then the bottom and side molds of the memory line are laid using digital processing technology. Because there is a gap between the bottom of the memory line and the grass slope, extruded polystyrene boards are used to fill and fix it during construction. The bottom mold of the memory line falls on the extruded polystyrene board. After the concrete pouring is completed, the extruded polystyrene board at the bottom of the memory line is taken out and cleaned; In order to achieve the effect of plain concrete, the memory line has high requirements for the pouring quality of concrete. However, the cross-sectional size of the memory line is small and the position distribution is scattered. It is difficult to pour with a truck pump, and the pouring volume is difficult to control, which can easily cause pouring quality problems. Concrete pouring is carried out by hopper plus manual reverse transportation. After the truck pump pumps the concrete into the hopper, the hopper is lifted to the memory line by a truck crane, and then the concrete is manually transported at the hopper outlet using a bucket. In order to prevent quality problems caused by long concrete discharge time, the density of the material receiving personnel should ensure that the concrete is put into the mold in time. After the concrete is poured, the vibrator is used to vibrate the concrete and compact it in time. Memory line concrete curing; strictly control the demolding time of concrete, which should be enough to ensure that the memory line does not fall off or peel after demolding; the concrete should be fully watered for curing before demolding, so that the water can penetrate into the concrete through the gap between the concrete and the formwork; after demolding, sprinkle water on the concrete surface again, and then wrap it with plastic film. The corner joints should be tight and compacted, and the curing time should be no less than 14 days; Repair of concrete surface defects: Despite various measures, after demolding, due to the water seepage of concrete, the leakage of formwork and the high air content of concrete itself, some small bubbles, holes and sand belts will appear on the surface. After demolding, the surface slurry and loose sand should be removed immediately, and cement paste of the same type and strength grade should be used to repair and embed the defective parts. After the cement paste hardens, the entire component surface should be evenly polished with fine sandpaper and rinsed with water to ensure that there is no color difference on the surface. 13. Construction of clear water protective agent 1) This project intends to use organic silicone resin plain concrete protective agent for construction. No color difference should occur within the same visual range, and the construction process should be consistent; 2) After demolding, in addition to defect repair, directly apply protective agent. If large-scale construction concrete segregation defects lead to serious color difference and other problems, it is necessary to carry out overall large-scale color adjustment to reduce the serious color difference; During the above construction process, the following points should be noted: 1. Key points of backfilling and other construction processes: If the temporary concrete pavement is excavated, the access road needs to be repaired to facilitate the passage of material trucks and muck trucks. The width of the access road should be at least 5m. Due to construction in the rainy season, the access road needs to be backfilled with construction debris or paved with steel plates; The stadium is generally higher in the west and lower in the east, and the slope of the structural roof ranges from 15 degrees to 45 degrees. The vertical drop is close to 40m, and the construction is extremely difficult at the structural slope. When backfilling the earth manually, it is necessary to start from the foot of the slope and backfill from bottom to top. The slope length of the solid soil area at the foot of the slope is 10-30m, and the slope length of the roof structure is 30-100m. The horizontal and vertical distances of manual soil picking from the foot of the slope are relatively far, especially at the opening and eaves, it is necessary to pick up soil from the foot of the slope on both sides, and the transportation distance is increased. When backfilling, pay attention to layered backfilling. The original ground needs to be mechanically compacted at the foot of the slope, and the solid soil at the foot of the slope needs to be mechanically compacted in 30cm layers until the bottom of the 450cm planting structure layer. The backfill soil on the top of the building structure slope can only be backfilled in the upper layer after it is manually compacted. When backfilling manually, it is backfilled in sections and regions. April to August is the rainy season. In order to prevent landslides, backfill one section and cover another section to ensure the protection of the finished construction products and avoid soil erosion. The backfill soil and the surrounding areas of the structures need to be processed in detail; when backfilling on both sides of the walking trail and memory line, backfill according to the contour elevation designed on the drawings. In particular, when the backfill soil depth on both sides of the road is greater than 450cm, this area needs to be backfilled in layers, and a 450cm height is reserved along the slope to lay the structural layer; when backfilling around the drainage ditch, if the backfill soil is accidentally backfilled into the ditch, it needs to be cleaned up in time, and the surrounding area of ​​the ditch needs to follow the slope for easy drainage; safety is especially important during manual backfilling. When backfilling in sections, set up safety nets in sections, and various scaffolding, railings, and handrails to ensure construction safety. When necessary, fasten the safety belt or safety rope. In areas with larger slopes, it is necessary to set up high-altitude steel pipe scaffolding or make wooden steps, and add railings and handrails to facilitate manual construction and ensure safety; 2. When laying drainage boards, geotextiles, geocells, and three-dimensional vegetation nets, since the stadium roofs are all irregular in shape, they need to be laid along the slope according to different terrain slopes, and each angle needs to be handled delicately. For example, when encountering erection, the materials that need to be erected are in areas with larger slopes, and the length of the erection is 100cm, and the length of the erection is 40cm in areas with gentler slopes. After the erection is completed, the seams need to be sutured and bonded; geocells in areas with larger slopes need to be tied according to the manufacturer's installation opinions to ensure that the overlap is flat and without ups and downs; various materials for laying, especially when encountering openings, eaves, trails, memory lines, drainage ditches and other structures, need to be cut or split and laid along the curvature of the structure. This process is more complicated than general flat or slope laying, and requires more manpower to handle the laying details; 3. When the steel strand passes through the geocell, it needs to be tensioned along the slope of the grass slope and pass through each gap of the unfolded geocell. After passing through the geocell and the anchor rod, the two sides are fixed for tensioning. At the same time, each geocell is anchored with an anchor to prevent the geocell from sliding sideways after being squeezed; 4. When backfilling the geocell manually, the inner frame of each geocell needs to be backfilled. Generally, backfill from bottom to top. After the lower section is backfilled and compacted, you can step on the lower section to continue backfilling, so as to avoid damaging the geocell. If the construction period is tight, the workers need to step on the gaps in each cell to pick up soil, which increases the difficulty of construction and consumes a lot of manpower. 5. Safety is the top priority during the construction of each process. All safety measures must be taken, especially at the top of the eaves of the opening and the parking building where the slope is large. Safety protection measures must be taken. Safety nets and safety guardrails should be added in these places where the slope is gentler than other places. Safety ropes must be fastened during construction. When the slope is large and difficult to climb manually, scaffolding and handrails should be set up in steps to ensure the safety of construction workers. 6. Lawn The lawn belongs to the surface layer, and turf laying is particularly important. It needs to be laid thick and watered and compacted to ensure there is no settlement and to ensure that the surface is smooth and beautiful.

[0025] The above are only embodiments provided for the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. However, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing lawn vegetation on the basement roof under complex working conditions, characterized by: The method includes the steps of implementing complex basement roof shaping and implementing lawn vegetation above the basement roof. The steps of complex basement roof shaping are divided into large-area backfill construction method for leveling the site, step-shaped basement roof backfill construction method, and large-slope inclined plate earth backfill construction method for the basement roof. The steps of implementing lawn vegetation above the basement roof include cross-construction: backfill and excavation, and steps for slope foot and solid soil area.

2. The method for constructing basement roof lawn vegetation under complex working conditions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The construction methods for leveling the site and backfilling a large area include Step 1, rolling before filling: After the base is cleared, use a grader to level it and a heavy roller to roll it to meet the specified requirements; after the base is processed, measure and lay out the lines, lay out the edges, measure the elevation, drive in marking stakes, and mark the thickness of the loose paving required on the marking stakes; test the compaction degree and elevation, and only after the inspection and approval by the supervising engineer can the next layer of earthwork be filled; Step 2, Layered filling: Use horizontal layered filling method; dig soil with excavator and transport it to the backfill area with dump trucks. Calculate the unloading distance of each truck according to the volume of each truck and mark out the grid to avoid excessive or insufficient filling; do not unload close to the edge of the backfill area to prevent the backfill from exceeding the edge of the backfill area when the bulldozer spreads, wasting fill; control the loose paving thickness to no more than 50cm; the overfilled parts on both sides of the backfill area should be filled and compacted in layers together with the backfill area fill, and no slope-adhering phenomenon should occur; Each layer uses the same filler and the total thickness of each filler layer shall not be less than 0.5m; Step 3, paving and leveling: When the moisture content is appropriate, immediately carry out paving and leveling; use a bulldozer for paving, and an excavator or a grader for leveling. When paving, first spread the middle and then the edges. The width of each side should be 50cm greater than the designed width of the filling layer; then, use an excavator or a grader for leveling to ensure that the rolling is dense and uniform; when leveling, first the two sides and then the middle, with the middle slightly higher, and set a 2% to 4% horizontal slope from the center line to both sides to ensure that the horizontal slope after forming and compaction is conducive to drainage; the thickness of the loose paving should be controlled within 50cm; and the maximum particle size of the filler should be strictly controlled not to exceed 2 / 3 of the layer thickness; Step 4, airing and watering: After paving and leveling, if the moisture content of the filler is greater than the optimum moisture content, it should be aired; otherwise, it should be watered and stirred; the moisture content of the filler should be controlled within ±2% of the optimum moisture content; when airing can no longer meet the requirements, it is necessary to add ash or replace the filler to meet the construction requirements; Step 5, Mechanical rolling: After paving and leveling, when the moisture content is within ±2% of the optimum moisture content, rolling shall be carried out immediately, using a YZ18 heavy-duty vibratory roller for rolling; static compaction shall be carried out first, followed by weak vibration and then strong vibration compaction; the rolling speed shall be slow at the beginning, and as the soil layer gradually becomes denser, the rolling speed may be gradually increased, but generally not exceeding 4km / h; the sides of the roadbed shall be compacted first, followed by the middle; the horizontal wheel tracks shall overlap by no less than 40cm, and the longitudinal joints shall overlap by 1~2m to ensure a smooth transition at the joints; the rolling shall be carried out without missing any tracks, without any dead angles, and uniform rolling shall be ensured; the number of initial rolling shall be 3 times, i.e. static compaction once and weak vibration twice, the number of rolling times shall be recorded, the degree of compaction shall be measured on site, and the relevant data shall be recorded; then strong vibration rolling shall be carried out successively for 1 Repeat the above steps for 10 times, and record the test data of each pressurization until there is no significant change in the compaction degree. If the compaction requirements are still not met after more than 10 times, consider reducing the thickness of the fill layer and then repeat the above steps. Step 6: Quality inspection: After each rolling, a compaction test is immediately carried out to detect the compaction 10cm below the surface layer; the test is carried out using the ring knife method, and the inspection frequency is every 1000m of compaction. 2 The number of regional inspection points shall be no less than 3; during the filling process, the maximum dry density and moisture content shall be spot-checked every 5,000 cubic meters; measurement and layout shall be conducted, and the compaction degree, width, cross slope and elevation shall be self-checked. Once qualified, the backfill compaction of this layer is completed.

3. The method for constructing basement roof lawn vegetation under complex working conditions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The construction method of backfilling the stepped basement top slab includes the process of partitioning, layering, and advancing from bottom to top, layer by layer. Step 1: First, backfill the lowest point of the basement, then clean the site. After the site is cleaned, carry out the base treatment. After the treatment is leveled, backfill in layers. The focus of the backfilling process is to gradually reduce the amount of backfilled earthwork to ensure that the next layer of earthwork is firmer than the previous layer; the soil after filling should be watered and compacted until it reaches the density requirement, and then the next layer of soil is filled; Step 2: After the backfilling of the first step is completed, the construction machinery reaches the second step from bottom to top, and uses the first step as a platform to carry out earthwork construction of the second step; and the third and fourth steps are completed in the same way; Step 3: After completing the fourth or highest step, the fourth step area is constructed according to the elevation and soil quality requirements of the drawings, and then the roller is used to compact the soil layer by layer to the compaction degree required by the design. After passing the inspection, the backfill target of the fourth or highest step is completed; Step 4: After the fourth or highest step is completed, use the small machinery that has retreated to the third step to excavate and level the ground to meet the specified elevation requirements of the third step, and then use a roller to compact the ground in layers to the compaction degree required by the design; after passing the inspection, the third backfill target is completed; and so on to complete the final backfill elevation and requirements of the second, first, and other steps.

4. The method for constructing basement roof lawn vegetation under complex working conditions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The construction method of earth backfilling of the large slope inclined plate of the basement top plate includes: The slope of the soil pile is steeper than the top plate of less than 10 degrees; in order to ensure that the soil in the high fill area does not slide after backfilling, it is handled from two aspects: construction technology and soil consolidation measures; in terms of construction technology, the soil is loaded in stages, with 3m of soil in the first stage and one level every 2m upwards, the soil pile rate is controlled, each level of soil pile is backfilled in layers, fully compacted, and settlement detection is set at the same time, and the lower level of soil pile is carried out after the settlement is stable; the direction of soil pile is from bottom to top, and excavators and rollers are used to backfill step by step; the soil consolidation technical measures are to set steel-plastic geogrids in layers for areas with a slope steeper than 1:3, with a layer height of 1m. Each layer of steel-plastic geogrid is turned up 1m on the outermost edge and turned inward 2m at the same time, and fixed with U-shaped nails to wrap the backfill soil as a whole; geotextiles are laid in layers to prevent water from seeping into the interface between the fill soil and the new and old soil layers, resulting in a decrease in soil strength. The movement of the backfill soil can be foreseen to effectively strengthen the fill soil strength; For the large inclined slab backfill with a slope of more than 10 degrees, a reinforced concrete retaining wall is used as a soil consolidation measure for the top slab backfill soil; after calculation and review, the final treatment plan is determined, the spacing of the structural retaining wall is 4.5m / 9m, the retaining wall is not set continuously, and a 1m interval is set every 2m along the wall direction, and the 1m of the retaining wall The intervals should be arranged in a plum blossom shape, that is, the gap strip should avoid continuous penetration of the retaining wall in the slope direction. The height should be 300mm below the soil surface. The construction process of the inclined plate retaining wall: first, reserve vertical dowel bars on the top plate beam, and roughen the roots after the top plate concrete is poured. If the top plate has been poured on site, chemical rebar planting is used. After drilling and planting, the roots are roughened. Then, the horizontal bars and tension bars are tied to make it a force-bearing whole. The spacing between the hooks should be controlled, with one end of the hook at 90° and the other end at 135°. Adjacent hooks are staggered and should be fully tied. Cement pads are set on both sides of the wall to control the size of the steel bar protective layer. Seal the mold and pour concrete. Cast and shape, cover with geotextile and water for maintenance. Waterproof layer construction: Apply high-viscosity anti-slip waterproof coating → Lay waterproof additional layer at the corners → SBS Construction of root-penetration-resistant waterproof membrane; brickwork protective layer to protect the waterproof membrane to prevent lateral pressure and water seepage after soil loading from damaging the waterproof layer; backfilling is done from bottom to top, from the bottom, when encountering a retaining wall, first backfill the lower retaining wall, then backfill the retaining wall part, and finally backfill the empty part, compact it, and then continue to backfill to the top of the shaped hill.

5. The method for constructing lawn vegetation on the basement roof under complex working conditions according to claim 1 is characterized by: The implementation steps of lawn vegetation above the basement roof include base surface cleaning, line laying and elevation measurement, installation of galvanized anchors, backfilling, excavation, slope foot, laying blind pipes and backfilling slope foot, laying seepage drainage boards, laying geotextiles, laying HDPE retaining boards, soil screening, filling and paving technical support layers, excavation, burial and backfilling of water supply and drainage pipes, laying geotextiles, laying geocells, steel strand installation, filling and paving, soil cultivation, laying three-dimensional nets, filling and paving topsoil, spreading fertilizers, growth hormones, adhesives, greening planting and maintenance.

6. The method for constructing lawn vegetation on the basement roof under complex working conditions according to claim 5 is characterized by: Specifically include Cross-construction backfill or excavation of slope foot or solid soil area: According to the drawings, the construction surface of the scope is measured, and after several measurements of the terrain, it is determined whether the area is backfilled or excavated; if it is a backfill area, the backfill area needs to be backfilled in layers to the designed elevation, 50cm backfill soil and 50cm crushed stone are laid alternately, and the backfill is compacted in layers to ensure the backfill density. After the backfill is completed, the EPS geofoam board is laid; in the excavation area, after mechanical excavation to the designed elevation, the EPS geofoam board is laid; the backfill excavation area at the foot of the slope must be compacted according to the requirements of the drawings; Laying of blind pipes and backfilling of solid soil areas: The blind pipe is laid in the solid soil area, backfilled or excavated to the designed elevation, and two layers of single-row XPS polystyrene boards are installed along the structural wall of the EPS geofoam board. The surface layer of the second layer of EPS geofoam board is compacted mechanically to the foot of the slope, and then the blind pipe is laid out by special layout personnel, and the trench is excavated manually. The depth of the trench is 120cm, 40cm wide, leave 20cm at the bottom of the trench for manual excavation and leveling. Under the condition of ensuring that the elevation and slope are correct, lay the geotextile first and then lay the blind pipe, then backfill with gravel and cover with non-woven fabric, and finally manually backfill 60cm of soil, and backfill and tamp every 30cm layer; then lay a layer of EPS geofoam board, and then compact it, and backfill in this order; after the first blind pipe is completed, 50cm of soil and 50cm of gravel are backfilled in layers by machinery, and after compaction, the second EPS geofoam board is laid, and the layers are carried out step by step, directly backfilling to the second blind pipe, and the second blind pipe is buried according to the construction procedure of the first blind pipe, and finally the slope is brushed to the foot of the slope and the road surface; during construction in the rainy season, the surface backfill soil needs to be backfilled from the foot of the slope in the solid soil area upwards, and the backfill range is: the solid soil area or the outermost wall of the building backfilled from the foot of the slope, and this layer is backfilled to the 200g / ㎡ geotextile layer in the solid soil area; Laying drainage board and tying HDPE retaining board: The 30-thick drainage board is transported manually from the stockpile yard to the construction site, and then the material is transported manually from the solid soil area after backfilling to the top of the building to ensure that the geotextile does not sink after covering the soil and leave enough drainage space. It should be laid manually, and the laying direction should be consistent. The overlap should be laid flat from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope in the direction of the test roof drainage slope. Reverse laying is not allowed. The splicing of the board adopts the overlap method of buckling. After the finished product is laid, it is strictly forbidden to expose it to the sun to prevent shrinkage and deformation in high temperature weather, and the next process should be carried out in time. The joints, openings, eaves, drainage ditches, walkways, and memory lines are manually bonded or tied and fixed, and anti-slip nails are installed to ensure that the drainage board covers the entire building surface. While laying, pay attention to measuring the slope and elevation to ensure that the drainage board is laid smoothly and the drainage is unobstructed. The retaining board is made of 2cm thick and 20cm high HDPE material. Try to avoid joints when connecting. The joints and when tying with anchor rods must be tied firmly; backfill soil 20cm Technical support layer, the soil will produce lateral pressure on the retaining board, and the retaining board is allowed to deform to a certain extent. After the lateral pressure of the soil is fully released, the retaining board still plays the role of retaining soil; Laying 300g / ㎡ geotextile: Before laying the geotextile, first clean up the residual garbage on the upper layer, and then transport it from the stockpile yard to the construction site manually. Since the geotextile is rolled and heavy, it is transported to the top of the slope manually and laid from top to bottom. Lay the surface, overlap the joints by 40cm, and then fix the top, bottom and joints with anti-slip nails to ensure that the laying is stable and smooth; after laying, cover it in time to prevent aging due to sunlight, and fill it as you lay it. Do not damage the non-woven fabric. If it is damaged, replace it and lay it again; Filling technology support layer: Soil requirements The thick technical support layer uses sieved fine soil, and the 200+50 thick planting layer uses formulated soil. Due to the variable elevation of the grass slope, the thickness of the covering soil needs to be adjusted at some locations. The covering soil layer is used for slope construction, and the overall height of the covering soil layer is not more than 700; The soil for covering grass slopes shall meet the following requirements: The physical and chemical properties of the soil should meet the following requirements: pH value 6~75, organic matter content ≥2.0%, total pore size ≥50%, gravel particle size ≤1cm, gravel content ≤10%; Soil improvement should comply with the following provisions: For soils with a pH value of <6 or >7.5, lime, plant ash or acidic media should be used to improve the soil. Make the soil planting layer reach a pH value of 6-7.5; Soil with a total pore volume of 50% must be improved with organic matter or loose media, such as heavy clay soil and powdery soil, 30-40% coarse sand should be added; For soils with less than 2% organic matter, well-rotted organic fertilizer or a medium rich in organic matter should be applied. To organic matter content ≥ 2%; Tilling and leveling: Before ploughing the lawn, chemical weed control should be carried out, and weeds should be sprayed several times in places where weeds grow. After the herbicide or herbicide has expired, the lawn should be fully ploughed to a depth of 25 cm. If necessary, the soil should be disinfected to kill pathogens and pests. Then the soil should be raked finely. In the soil-compacted area, the soil should be mechanically broken to make the soil block diameter less than 1 cm. Old weeds and debris should be cleared. It is strictly forbidden to plough the land during the rainy season. Low-lying water areas should be filled and leveled. Fertilizer preparation: Base fertilizer is mainly fully decomposed organic fertilizer, with an application rate of 0.5~1.0kg / m 2 Superphosphate 50~75g / m 2 , you can combine tillage to evenly apply fertilizer; Before backfilling, it is necessary to witness the sampling of soil samples on site and send them to relevant qualified units for testing. After the test report comes out, arrangements will be made according to the test report results. If the test results meet the design requirements, the on-site soil can be backfilled. If the test results do not meet the results, improvements must be made or foreign soil must be used to replace the soil, and it can only be used after a second inspection to meet the design requirements. Earthwork transportation and stacking: The 200mm thick technical support layer and 200mm+50mm thick planting layer of the earth-covered roof are both made of purchased soil. Before backfilling, the soil needs to be screened and filtered using a sieve to ensure that the diameter of the soil particles meets the design requirements. After the soil is screened, it is aired according to the actual soil conditions. The soil is required to be loose and clump, and the soil moisture meets the optimal backfilling requirements. Fertilizer is then evenly applied and the soil components are mixed. After mixing evenly, it is transported to the foot of the slope in the solid soil area by a loader or a muck truck. Screening and fertilizer mixing can ensure that the soil has good water permeability and air permeability, promote plant rooting and development, and is beneficial to plant growth and water retention and soil consolidation. Backfilling work: The stadium's soil-covered planting roof has a large area, variable slopes, and complex elevations. A single soil-covering method is difficult to meet construction needs. Combined with the actual project, the construction is divided into sections according to the span and plane position. Before backfilling, the garbage, stagnant water, organic matter, scattered materials and other debris on the geotextile should be removed; the previous process should be inspected and accepted, and attention should be paid to the inspection and acceptance of the hidden process, and the hidden acceptance procedures should be completed before backfilling. construction; Partition backfill construction: Area 1: A 50 shovel truck and a light dump truck will transport the screened fine soil to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator. The areas beyond the range will be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator. The long-arm excavator will transport the fine soil to various areas in Area 1, and then multiple 210 excavators and 18-type micro-excavators will transport, level and spread the soil, and finally fine-level it manually. After the retaining plates are installed, the geotextiles and geotextile formats are laid and fixed with steel strands in some areas, the purchased formula soil is transported to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator by a 50 shovel truck in cooperation with a light dump truck; the areas beyond the range need to be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator for a second time, and the long-arm excavator transports the formula soil to the geotextile format within the range, and then the formula soil is transported by a manual bucket truck, spread, filled into the geotextile format and compacted, and then spread and leveled as a whole by manual cooperation with a 18-type micro-excavator; after the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid and fixed, the purchased formula soil is transported to the range of the 215 excavator and the long-arm excavator by a 50 shovel truck in cooperation with a light dump truck; the areas beyond the range need to be transported by the 215 excavator to the range of the long-arm excavator The excavator transports the soil to the extension range of the long-arm excavator for the second time, and the long-arm excavator transports the formulated soil to the three-dimensional vegetation network in the first area, and then all the soil is transported, spread and finely leveled by manual bucket trucks; Area 2: 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil piles below the openings in Area 2, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the hopper. 35t truck cranes transport the hopper vertically to the surrounding area above the openings, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transport the soil in sections to various areas in Area 2 for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling. After installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil piles below the openings in Area 2, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the hopper. 35t truck cranes transport the hopper vertically to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the openings in Area 2, and then a manual bucket truck transports the formula soil, spreads it, fills it into the geotextile format and compacts it, and then a manual bucket truck with 18-type micro-excavators transports the soil in sections ... The 3D vegetation net is paved and leveled by a 50-ton mini excavator. After the 3D vegetation net is laid and fixed, the purchased formula soil is transported to the soil pile points below the openings of each area by a 50-ton forklift and a light dump truck. The soil is turned into the hopper by an 80-ton small excavator, and the 35-ton truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the 3D vegetation net above the opening of the area. Then, all the soil is transported, spread and leveled manually by manual bucket trucks. Zone 3: The 50 t forklift and light dump truck transported the screened fine soil to the pile points below the openings of each zone in the third area, and the 80 t small excavator turned the soil into the hopper. The 50 t truck crane transported the hopper vertically to the surrounding area above the opening, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transported it in sections to various areas of the second zone for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling. After installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, the 50 t forklift and light dump truck transported the purchased formula soil to the pile points below the openings of each zone in the third zone, and the 80 t small excavator turned the soil into the hopper. The 50 t truck crane transported the hopper vertically to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the opening, and then the manual bucket truck transported the formula soil, spread it, filled it into the geotextile format and compacted it, and then the 18-type micro-excavator was used to spread and fine level the whole. After the three-dimensional vegetation net was laid and fixed, the 50 Forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile points below the entrances of the three zones. The 80-ton small excavator turns the soil into the hopper. The 50-ton truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the three-dimensional vegetation network above the entrances of the three zones. Then, all the soil is transported, spread and finely leveled by manual bucket trucks. Area 4: 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil pile below the entrance of Area 4, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the hopper, and then 100t truck cranes vertically transport it to the soil pile above the entrance, and then multiple 18-type micro-excavators transport it in sections to various areas of Area 4 for filling, leveling, and manual fine leveling; after installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, 50 shovel trucks and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the pile below the entrance of each area, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the hopper, and 100t truck cranes vertically transport the hopper to the geotextile format in the surrounding area above the entrance, and then the manual bucket trucks transport the formula soil, spread it, fill it into the geotextile format and compact it, and then manually cooperate with 18-type micro-excavators to spread and fine level the whole; after laying and fixing the three-dimensional vegetation net, 50 Forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile points below the openings of each area. An 80-ton small excavator turns the soil into the hopper, and a 100-ton The truck crane transports the hopper vertically to the three-dimensional vegetation network above the entrance of Zone 4, and then all of it is transported, spread and finely leveled by manual bucket trucks; Zone 5: Since the extension range of the truck crane's arm cannot meet the lifting operations in this area, a cantilever crane is used to vertically transport fine soil and formula soil to ensure the backfilling of fine soil and formula soil in this area; 50 forklifts and light dump trucks transport the screened fine soil to the soil pile point below the entrance of Zone 5, and 80 small excavators turn the soil into the cantilever crane hopper and transport it to the soil pile point above the entrance of Zone 5. Then, creepers and manual labor are used to pack the fine soil in bucket trucks and transport it to the area within Zone 5 for manual spreading, leveling and fine leveling; after installing the retaining plate, laying the geotextile and geotextile format and fixing them with steel strands, 50 forklifts and light dump trucks transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile point below the entrance of Zone 5, and 80 The small excavator turns the soil into the cantilever hopper, and then transports it to the geotechnical format in the surrounding area above the hole in the fifth zone. After that, creepers and manual bucket trucks are used to pack and transport it to the fifth zone for manual paving, leveling, and fine leveling. After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid and fixed, the 50 shovel truck and light dump truck transport the purchased formula soil to the soil pile point under each hole in the fifth zone, and the 80 small excavator turns the soil into the cantilever hopper, and the cantilever crane lifts the hopper vertically. Transported to the three-dimensional vegetation net above the entrance of Zone 5, and then all transported, spread and manually leveled by manual bucket trucks; Area 6 is the "soil stacking" construction area. The slope of the structure inclined board at this location is 50°, and the landscape grass slope greening nodes are difficult to construct. After comprehensive consideration, this area adopts the "soil stacking" construction technology and the direct paving method to complete the greening construction of this area. The specific construction steps are as follows:

1. The construction of the waterproof protection layer and the following building layers is the same as other areas; 2. Use 50*50*4 angle steel to weld 3m*3m square grid; 3. Use special adhesive for soil-building to bond soil-building to concrete surface layer; 4. Grooving and paving of sprinkler irrigation pipes; 5. Weld and fix the flat steel on the upper part of the earth slab; 6. Lawn covering, paving and fiber net fixing; The backfilling of earthwork is carried out in layers. The backfilling of the planting layer can only be carried out after the overall construction of the technical guarantee layer is completed. After the construction of the technical guarantee layer is completed, uneven manual compaction is prevented to cause settlement, and 5cm of pre-settlement is reserved. After 20cm of manual backfilling is compacted, water is sprayed on the surface to ensure that there is no settlement of 20cm of backfilling. After the pre-settlement is completed, manual fine-tuning is carried out again to ensure that the earthwork is smoothly connected and does not affect the construction of the next process.

7. Deployment of water supply and drainage construction After the backfill of the 20cm technical support layer is completed, the pipe trench is excavated manually. When excavating the trench, it is necessary to avoid damaging the previous construction process and pay attention to the protection of the finished product. Before installing the pipeline, the bottom elevation of the trench and the bottom elevation of the pipeline must be measured and verified; ensure that the elevation of the completed surface on site is consistent with the design elevation before backfilling; the roof drainage ditch uses resin drainage ditch and concrete drainage ditch, and then connected to the drainage ditch by HDPE drainage pipe, and finally discharged into the municipal pipeline network; the top of the stadium roof is generally higher in the west and lower in the east, and the water under the canopy will be drained along the terrain from the high point on the west side to two drainage ditches along the slope, and to the low point on the east side to achieve collective connection with the downstream road edge ditch; A-type and D-type reinforced concrete drainage ditches are used for openings and eaves, and finished resin drainage ditches are used for types B, C, and E; due to A and D The reinforced concrete gutters are located at the openings and eaves of the roof. All materials here need to be transported manually. The steel bars need to be processed as required from the processing plant and transported to the construction site for tying. Concrete pouring requires manual cooperation with tower cranes or cranes. Before pouring, the embedded rods and template holes need to be installed and reserved pipes need to be buried. The entrance and exit eaves are spatial structures. The drainage ditch needs to be spatially positioned according to the spatial shape of the eaves. The drainage ditch template needs to be processed according to the eaves shape to meet the drainage ditch shape-finding requirements. During the formwork process, the formwork elevation is reviewed using a total station to meet the design elevation requirements. When installing the resin drain ditch, the bottom of the ditch needs to be treated after the manual excavation of the trench to prevent soil settlement. The bottom of the ditch should be 10cm After hardening and leveling, resin drains are installed according to the control of the ditch top elevation. If the arc section is difficult to install, mortar can be used to ensure smooth connection. Adhesives are used to seal the drains to prevent water leakage. The cavity between the side wall of the drain and the concrete structure is filled with foam strips, and the upper part is sealed with weather-resistant glue to prevent water from draining into the side wall cavity. Drains must be equipped with reserved holes to connect with the drain board. The resin drain cover plate uses a customized stainless steel cover plate, and the specific model is determined according to the drawings. If the drains are connected by HDPE drainage pipes, holes must be opened in the drains according to the site, pipes must be buried, and then the joints must be sealed with cementitious products. HDPE pipes are gravity drainage, and the pipe connection is hot-melt bonding. In order to prevent slippage, the pipes need to be reinforced. The water supply pipe uses HDPE pipes, and the sprinkler irrigation is divided into high and regional areas, and the sprinkler irrigation is controlled by electromagnetic valves in different areas and time periods. PE pipes are hot-melt bonded; the specific connection comes out of the pump room 1.5m away, sprinkler pipes are installed; because the water supply pipe is a pressure pipe, this pipe is buried above the drainage pipe. When encountering a conflict with a large-diameter pipe, timely report and adjust the plan, strictly follow the design requirements for construction, and the construction needs to be completed in sections and tested in sections; install some automatic air relief valves at the highest point of the grass slope, and install some water relief valves at the lowest point, so that the pipeline can be inspected later and the water in the pipeline can be removed in winter to prevent damage to the pipeline in bad weather; the steps of water supply and drainage construction: first construct the drainage ditch and drainage pipes, and then the water supply pipes are constructed above the drainage pipes; the water and electricity construction sequence is advanced according to the working surface of the 20cm earth backfill on the roof; after the water supply and drainage pipes and cables are buried and backfilled, the pipe trench needs to be manually compacted to prevent uneven settlement; then the 20cm technical support layer is manually leveled and handed over to the next process; the process of laying 200g / ㎡ geotextile refers to 300g / ㎡ geotextile;.

8. Laying geocells The geocell is made of HDPE material and is laid in four specifications according to different slopes. 356-200-A is used for slopes of 35-45 degrees and above; 660-200-A is used for slopes within 25-35 degrees; 712-200-A is used within 10-25 degrees; the geocell paving range is based on the geocell plan layout; the geocell is manually transported from the material yard to the construction area, unfolded, straightened and smoothed, and laid flat against the lower layer to ensure that it is in a good stress state after the load is applied, and anchors are used for fixing; both the solid soil area and the non-solid soil area need to be fixed with anchor rods and special clamps; 9. Steel strand tensioning and geocell fixation Galvanized steel strands need to be tensioned before leaving the factory. The steel strands should be stacked in sequence and in an orderly manner. Forklifts or special cranes should be used when transporting in rolls to prevent the steel strips from breaking and forming loose packages. They should be transported to the foot of the slope and then transported to the top of the slope manually. The strands should be installed in the order from the top of the slope to the foot of the slope; the geocell needs to be adjusted and fixed before installation, and then pre-tensioning is performed; the strands are cut with a toothless saw; the strands pass through the holes on the top of the anchor rods and the geocell, and are fixed by single-hole anchors and clips; both ends of the strands are fixed to the rods pre-buried in the walls and beams to ensure tension; after tensioning, the geocells in the solid soil area need to be reinforced again to prevent side sliding, and a φ16 three-level hot-pressed ribbed steel anchor rod with a length of 0.8m is used, which is inserted into the soil close to the side wall of the cell, with a horizontal spacing of 2032mm and a vertical spacing of 1900mm, and an upper limit cap is installed, and the top of the limit cap is flush with the top of the cell; 20cm of formula soil is backfilled in the geogrid. After the formula soil is screened, it is transported from the soil pile point to the foot of the slope in the construction area by a dump truck, and then hoisted to the construction area by a truck crane; the backfilling order is 20cm The backfilling method of the technical support layer is from bottom to top, and the focus of this backfilling layer is to backfill inside the cell, and the geocell must not be damaged, especially since the steel strands have been tensioned. This layer needs to be backfilled manually from the foot of the slope to each cell, and then backfilled upward from the cell after backfilling, ensuring that each manual soil transportation steps on the backfilled geocell, and the soil inside the cell needs to be manually compacted. Backfilling each cell is like backfilling a foundation pit, which requires detailed treatment to avoid uneven lawn paving due to soil settlement in the future, affecting the overall landscape effect; manually backfill the nutrient soil into each planting block; use a micro-rammer to compact the soil in layers; after compaction, use irrigation to promote soil settlement. During the process, pay attention to controlling the water flow speed and flow, and try to irrigate slowly to accelerate soil solidification; after the backfilling of the earthwork is completed, the surface layer needs to be measured for elevation to keep the surface layer flat and smooth; 10. Laying three-dimensional planting net The three-dimensional vegetation net is laid smoothly close to the geocell. Because the thickness of the three-dimensional net is 20mm, it needs to be manually backfilled with 20mm-30mm thick light improved nutrient soil, manually leveled carefully, and all obstacles that may cause the net mat to be lifted up on the slope are removed. The slope is exposed to water to allow the slope to naturally settle in place to ensure that the three-dimensional net mat is closely combined with the light nutrient soil slope to prevent soil loss caused by rain erosion. When laying the three-dimensional net, it should be laid from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope according to the size and length of the test module. 20cm is reserved for the top and bottom of the slope respectively. The overlap of each mesh surface should be not less than 10cm. It is fixed with bamboo nails all around with a spacing of 15-20cm. The bamboo nails are fixed from top to bottom in sequence. After the three-dimensional vegetation net is laid, 50 thick formula soil is evenly covered on the three-dimensional vegetation net to cover the net bag until there is no empty bag, and then Fertilizer, growth hormone, and binder are mixed evenly in the following proportions and applied on the surface; 11. Lawn paving and construction technology 1. Considering the temperature, lighting and maintenance and pruning frequency of the stadium roof, the lawn is used for paving and the roof grass is planted with Zoysia japonica. The lawn grows to a height of 4-5cm. Its root system is highly integrated with the improved soil. It has a strong creeping ability, can take root quickly, has a well-developed root system, is emerald green in color, grows slowly after forming, and is resistant to low pruning.

2. The lawn pest control will adopt the mixed spraying of organic phosphorus and pyrethroids. The conventional treatment method is: control once in May every year; in special cases, one or two more pesticides can be used for prevention and control; the specific methods are: using the phototaxis of mole crickets to spray pesticides at night to achieve twice the result with half the effort; grubs are given priority to soil flooding; 3. Lawn disease control will use grass fungus, fumyxomycin, Carbendazim and other pesticides are sprayed alternately for treatment. The conventional treatment method is to treat the lawn once or twice during the rainy season every year when the lawn is mowed. The pest control work plan is formulated according to the climate conditions of the year.

12. Construction of grass slope memory line 1. According to the design drawing requirements, the grass slope memory line is a cast-in-place concrete structure, and the finished surface needs to present a good clear-faced concrete effect. In order to ensure that the pouring quality of the memory line meets the design requirements, the memory line template uses 1220*2440*15mm high-quality clear-faced template for finalized production and processing; The grass slope has variable elevations, and the memory line changes with the elevation of the grass slope to form a three-dimensional space torsion system. After completion, it needs to present a good smooth effect. The overall construction positioning and measurement are difficult. Before the construction of the memory line, the coordinates of the memory line are located in combination with the grid of the drawing, and then the bottom and side molds of the memory line are laid using digital processing technology. Because there is a gap between the bottom of the memory line and the grass slope, extruded polystyrene boards are used to fill and fix it during construction. The bottom mold of the memory line falls on the extruded polystyrene board. After the concrete pouring is completed, the extruded polystyrene board at the bottom of the memory line is taken out and cleaned. The memory line should achieve the effect of plain concrete, and the pouring quality of concrete is required to be high. However, the cross-sectional size of the memory line is small, and the position distribution is scattered. It is difficult to pour with a car pump, and the pouring volume is difficult to control, which can easily cause pouring quality problems. Concrete pouring is carried out by hopper plus manual reverse transportation; after the car pump pumps the concrete into the hopper, the hopper is lifted to the memory line by a car crane, and then the concrete is manually transported at the hopper outlet with a bucket. In order to prevent the quality problems caused by the long concrete discharge time, the density of the material receiving personnel should ensure that the concrete is put into the mold in time. After the concrete is poured, the vibrator is used to vibrate the concrete, and it is compacted and finished in time; Memory line concrete curing; strictly control the demolding time of concrete, which should be enough to ensure that the memory line does not fall off or peel after demolding; the concrete should be fully watered for curing before demolding, so that the water can penetrate into the concrete through the gap between the concrete and the formwork; after demolding, sprinkle water on the concrete surface again, and then wrap it with plastic film. The corner joints should be tight and compacted, and the curing time should be no less than 14 days; Repair of concrete surface defects: Despite various measures, after demolding, due to the water seepage of concrete, the leakage of formwork and the high air content of concrete itself, some small bubbles, holes and sand belts will appear on the surface. After demolding, the surface slurry and loose sand should be removed immediately, and cement paste of the same type and strength grade should be used to repair and embed the defective parts. After the cement paste hardens, the entire component surface should be evenly polished with fine sandpaper and rinsed with water to ensure that there is no color difference on the surface.

13. Construction of clear water protective agent 1) This project intends to use organic silicone resin plain concrete protective agent for construction. No color difference should occur within the same visual range, and the construction process should be consistent; 2) After demolding, in addition to defect repair, directly apply protective agent. If large-scale construction concrete segregation defects lead to serious color difference and other problems, it is necessary to carry out overall large-scale color adjustment to reduce the serious color difference; During the above construction process, the following points should be noted:

1. Key points of backfilling and other construction processes: If the temporary concrete pavement is excavated, the access road needs to be repaired to facilitate the passage of material trucks and muck trucks. The width of the access road should be at least 5m. Due to construction in the rainy season, the access road needs to be backfilled with construction debris or paved with steel plates; The stadium is generally higher in the west and lower in the east, and the slope of the structural roof ranges from 15 degrees to 45 degrees. The vertical drop is close to 40m, and the construction is extremely difficult at the structural slope. When backfilling the earth manually, it is necessary to start from the foot of the slope and backfill from bottom to top. The slope length of the solid soil area at the foot of the slope is 10-30m, and the slope length of the roof structure is 30-100m. The horizontal and vertical distances for manual soil picking from the foot of the slope are relatively far, especially at the opening and eaves, where soil needs to be picked from the foot of the slope on both sides, and the transportation distance is increased. When backfilling, pay attention to layered backfilling. The original ground needs to be mechanically compacted at the foot of the slope, and the solid soil at the foot of the slope needs to be mechanically compacted in 30cm layers until the bottom of the 450cm planting structure layer. The backfill soil on the top of the building structure slope must be compacted manually before the upper layer can be backfilled. When backfilling manually, it is backfilled in sections and areas. April to August is the rainy season. To prevent landslides, backfill one section and cover another section to ensure the protection of the finished product and avoid soil erosion. The backfill soil and the surrounding areas of the structures need to be processed in detail; when backfilling on both sides of the walking trail and memory line, backfill according to the contour elevation designed in the drawings. In particular, if the backfill soil depth on both sides of the road is greater than 450cm, this area needs to be backfilled in layers, and a 450cm height is reserved along the slope to lay the structural layer; when backfilling around the drainage ditch, if the backfill soil is accidentally backfilled into the ditch, it needs to be cleaned up in time, and the surrounding areas of the ditch need to follow the slope for easy drainage; safety is particularly important during manual backfilling; when backfilling in sections, safety nets, various scaffolding, railings, and handrails are set up in sections to ensure construction safety, and safety belts or safety ropes are fastened when necessary; in areas with large slopes, it is necessary to set up high-rise steel pipe scaffolding or make wooden steps, and add railings and handrails to facilitate manual construction and ensure safety; 2. When laying drainage boards, geotextiles, geocells, and three-dimensional vegetation nets, since the stadium roofs are all irregular in shape, they need to be laid along the slope according to different terrain slopes, and each angle needs to be handled delicately. For example, when encountering erection, the materials that need to be erected are in areas with larger slopes, and the length of the erection is 100cm, and the length of the erection is 40cm in areas with gentler slopes. After the erection is completed, the seams need to be sutured and bonded; geocells in areas with larger slopes need to be tied according to the manufacturer's installation opinions to ensure that the overlap is flat and without ups and downs; various materials for laying, especially when encountering openings, eaves, trails, memory lines, drainage ditches and other structures, need to be cut or split and laid along the curvature of the structure. This process is more complicated than general flat or slope laying, and requires more manpower to handle the laying details; 3. When the steel strand passes through the geocell, it needs to be tensioned along the slope of the grass slope and pass through each gap of the unfolded geocell. After passing through the geocell and the anchor rod, the two sides are fixed for tensioning. At the same time, each geocell is anchored with an anchor to prevent the geocell from sliding sideways after being squeezed; 4. When backfilling the geocell manually, the inner frame of each geocell needs to be backfilled. Generally, backfill from bottom to top. After the lower section is backfilled and compacted, you can step on the lower section to continue backfilling, so as to avoid damaging the geocell. If the construction period is tight, the workers need to step on the gaps in each cell to pick up soil, which increases the difficulty of construction and consumes a lot of manpower.

5. Safety is the top priority during the construction of each process. All safety measures must be taken, especially at the top of the eaves of the opening and the parking building where the slope is large. Safety protection measures must be taken. Safety nets and safety guardrails should be added in these places where the slope is gentler than other places. Safety ropes must be fastened during construction. When the slope is large and difficult to climb manually, scaffolding and handrails should be set up in steps to ensure the safety of construction workers.

6. Lawn The lawn belongs to the surface layer, and turf laying is particularly important. It needs to be laid thick and watered and compacted to ensure there is no settlement and to ensure that the surface is smooth and beautiful.

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