Energy-saving, heat-insulating and anti-freezing system for tunnel in cold region and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to a cold region tunnel energy-saving heat-preservation anti-freezing system and a control method, the cold region tunnel energy-saving heat-preservation anti-freezing system comprises an energy storage heating module, a temperature monitoring module, an air circulation module, a drainage anti-freezing module, a lining and an off-wall heat-preservation layer, the lining and the off-wall heat-preservation layer form an air heat-preservation cavity, and the air heat-preservation cavity communicates with the energy storage heating module; the energy storage heating module is used for generating and storing heat and providing a heat source for air in the air heat preservation cavity and the air circulation module, and the temperature monitoring module is used for collecting and analyzing the temperature of air in the air heat preservation cavity and the temperature of air in the air circulation module and the inner wall of the air heat preservation cavity. According to the embodiment of the invention, a stable heat preservation and anti-freezing effect can be provided in a negative temperature environment for a long time, the operation cost is low, safety and reliability are realized, the problems of high energy consumption, potential safety hazards and the like in the prior art are solved, the applicability is wide, and the practicability is high. And the method has good practical value and economic benefit.

Description

[Technical field] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel thermal management, and in particular to an energy-saving, heat-insulating and antifreeze system and control method for tunnels in cold regions. [Background technology] With the progress of the times, the construction of cold-region tunnels on planned routes has become extremely common. The abundant surface water and groundwater in the permafrost areas along the lines will lead to frequent frost heave damage to the lining and surrounding rock, seriously endangering the construction and safe operation of the tunnels. It is of great significance to carry out energy-saving and effective insulation and anti-freezing for cold-region tunnels.

[0003] At present, the thermal insulation and antifreeze technologies of tunnels in cold regions are mainly divided into passive, active and passive and active types. Passive thermal insulation usually uses the method of laying an insulation layer for "heat insulation". Although it can delay the impact of cold air on the inside of the tunnel, it cannot completely avoid the problem of frost heave; off-wall thermal insulation increases an air layer between the lining and the insulation layer, using the low thermal conductivity of air for insulation, but its antifreeze effect is still limited. Active thermal insulation is mostly "heat tracing" by circulating hot water method and cable heating method. The circulating hot water method requires recycled water to promote the flow of water, which consumes a lot of energy. Its failure will aggravate freezing. The consequences are serious. The cable heating method, laying cables on the lining wall to heat the lining, short circuit, overheating and fire hazards caused by large, easy to electric shock, directly laying heating cables in the drainage pipe, the water inside the pipe can easily make the heating cable fail, and its material requirements are high. In addition, direct heating of the water inside the pipe consumes a lot of energy. The passive and active combination types are mostly simple combinations of two, such as laying heating cables in the off-wall air layer and laying heating cables in the insulation ditch. These still have the above problems. The ventilation control device is heavily dependent on the supply of natural positive temperature air inside and outside the tunnel, and the antifreeze effect is limited. [Summary of the invention] In order to solve the defects of the insulation and antifreeze measures for tunnels in the prior art, such as unsatisfactory insulation effect, high risk of system failure and high energy consumption, the present invention provides an energy-saving, insulation and antifreeze system for cold-region tunnels, comprising an energy storage and heating module, a temperature monitoring module, an air circulation module, a drainage and antifreeze module, a lining and an off-wall insulation layer, wherein the lining and the off-wall insulation layer form an air insulation cavity, the air insulation cavity is connected to the energy storage and heating module, the energy storage and heating module is used to generate and store heat, and provide a heat source for the air in the air insulation cavity and the air circulation module, the temperature monitoring module is used to collect and analyze the air temperature inside the air insulation cavity, the air temperature in the energy storage and heating module and the ambient temperature in the tunnel, the drainage and antifreeze module is located at the bottom of the tunnel, and the drainage and antifreeze module is used to collect and discharge water inside the surrounding rock.

[0005] Furthermore, the energy storage and heating module includes a photoelectric conversion device, a small-sized power storage device, a large-sized power storage device, a heat storage device and an electric heating device. The photoelectric conversion device is electrically connected to the small-sized power storage device, the large-sized power storage device and the heat storage device. The electric heating device is electrically connected to the small-sized power storage device, the large-sized power storage device and the heat storage device. The photoelectric conversion device is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the small-sized power storage device and the large-sized power storage device. The small-sized power storage device is used to provide the working voltage of the electric heating device. The large-sized power storage device is used to provide the working voltage of the heating cable. The electric heating device is used to provide a heat source for the air in the air insulation chamber and the air circulation module. The heat storage device is used to store heat.

[0006] Furthermore, a heat storage heat sink is provided in the heat storage device, and the heat storage heat sink is used to adjust the heat release rate in the heat storage device.

[0007] Furthermore, the temperature monitoring module includes a temperature data processor, a first temperature measuring device and a second temperature measuring device, the first temperature measuring device is used to collect the temperature of the air in the air insulation chamber, the second temperature measuring device is used to collect the ambient temperature inside the tunnel, and the temperature data processor is used to process the data collected by the first temperature measuring device and the second temperature measuring device.

[0008] Further, the air circulation module includes a hot air transmission component and a cold air transmission component, the hot air transmission component includes a hot air delivery pipe, the hot air delivery pipe is provided with a hot air inlet high-pressure air pump, a first auxiliary circulation component, a first valve and a plurality of nozzles, the electric heating device is connected with the air insulation chamber through the hot air delivery pipe, the nozzle is used to spray the hot air in the hot air delivery pipe into the top of the air insulation chamber, the first auxiliary circulation component is used to strengthen the circulation of air in the hot air delivery pipe, the hot air inlet high-pressure air pump is used to deliver the hot air in the heat storage device to the hot air delivery pipe, and the first valve is used to control the on-off of the hot air delivery pipe; The cold air transmission component includes a cold air return pipe, on which a cold air outlet high-pressure air pump, a second auxiliary circulation component, a third valve and a plurality of suction heads are provided, the air insulation chamber is connected with the electric heating device and the heat storage device through the cold air return pipe, the suction head is used to suck the cold air at the bottom of the air insulation chamber into the cold air return pipe, the second auxiliary circulation component is used to strengthen the circulation of air in the cold air return pipe, the cold air outlet high-pressure air pump is used to transport the cold air in the cold air return pipe to the heat storage device, and the third valve is used to control the on-off of the cold air return pipe; The pipeline connecting the heat storage device and the electric heating device is provided with a second valve, and the second valve is used to open and close the hot air flowing from the heat storage device to the electric heating device.

[0009] Furthermore, the first auxiliary circulation component includes at least one auxiliary high-pressure air pump and at least two air pump connecting pipes, the second auxiliary circulation component has the same structure as the first auxiliary circulation component, the first high-pressure air pump is arranged on the inner side of the wall insulation layer and outside the tunnel construction limit, and the auxiliary high-pressure air pump is connected to the hot air delivery pipe or the cold air return pipe arranged in the air insulation cavity through the air pump connecting pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the drainage and antifreeze module includes an inverted arch backfill and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe. The inverted arch backfill is provided with a first drain pipe, a second drain pipe, a third drain pipe and a fourth drain pipe. The first drain pipe and the second drain pipe are located on both sides of the inverted arch backfill. The first drain pipe and the second drain pipe are connected with the third drain pipe through the fourth drain pipe. The first drain pipe, the second drain pipe and the third drain pipe are provided with a heating cable. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe is connected with the first drain pipe and the second drain pipe. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe is used to collect water inside the surrounding rock.

[0011] Furthermore, the first drain pipe includes a pipe insulation layer and a plurality of heating cables, a pipe drain pipe is arranged inside the pipe insulation layer, a pipe air layer is formed between the pipe insulation layer and the pipe drain pipe, a plurality of insulation frames are sleeved on the pipe drain pipe, a plurality of reserved holes are arranged on the insulation frames, the heating cables pass through the reserved holes, and the structures of the second drain pipe, the third drain pipe and the fourth drain pipe are consistent with those of the first drain pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the energy storage heating module also includes a third temperature measuring device, a second data processor, a second controller, a first data processor and a first heating controller. The third temperature measuring device is used to detect the temperature of the air in the heat storage device. The second data processor is used to receive and process the temperature data detected by the third temperature measuring device, and make temperature adjustment decisions based on the data. The first heating controller is used to control the opening and closing of the heating cable, and adjust the working state of the heating cable according to system requirements. The first data processor is used to receive and process the temperature data inside the air layer and the inner surface of the insulation layer. The second controller is used to control the opening and closing of the electric heating equipment.

[0013] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control method for a cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system, comprising: When the temperature detection module detects that the temperature of the air in the air insulation chamber is lower than 0°C, the electric heating device, the air circulation module, and the heat storage and heat dissipation plate in the heat storage device start to work; When the temperature monitoring module detects that the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, the heating cable in the drainage antifreeze module is turned on; When the temperature monitoring module detects that the ambient temperature is higher than 0°C, the electric heating device, the air circulation module, the heat storage cooling plate in the heat storage device and the heating cable in the drainage and antifreeze module stop working, the heat storage device stores heat normally, and the drainage function of the drainage and antifreeze module operates normally.

[0014] The embodiment of the present invention uses an energy storage heating module and a photoelectric conversion device to convert solar energy into electrical energy and thermal energy, and stores them in a heat storage device and an electrical storage device, thereby providing continuous and stable energy for the system. The air circulation module continuously delivers hot air to the air insulation chamber and discharges cold air, thereby achieving uniform heating of the air inside the air insulation chamber, avoiding local temperature differences, and keeping the temperature in a positive temperature state. At the same time, the air layer in the pipeline is heated by the drainage antifreeze module to prevent the drainage pipeline from freezing, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the tunnel drainage system. The system can not only provide a stable insulation and antifreeze effect in a long-term negative temperature environment, but also has a low operating cost, is safe and reliable, and overcomes the problems of high energy consumption and potential safety hazards in the prior art. It has a wide applicability and good practical value and economic benefits.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the hot air delivery pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a second auxiliary circulation assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a first drainage pipe of the present invention; Figure 6 This is another possible structural diagram of the first drain pipe of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a tunnel thermal insulation and antifreeze geometric model of the present invention and a schematic diagram of its grid division; Figure 8 This is a working condition diagram of the heat preservation and antifreeze of the upper lining of the inverted arch of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the heat preservation and antifreeze working condition and temperature monitoring line of the drainage pipe of the present invention; Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of a temperature monitoring line of pipeline water of the present invention; Fig.11 This is a working condition diagram of the heat preservation and antifreeze of the invert lining of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a temperature schematic diagram at the 60th day under the passive cold protection of the present invention; Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the streamlines in the air layer of the present invention; Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature of the tunnel when air of different speeds and temperatures is introduced into the tunnel according to the present invention; Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the temperature on monitoring lines ab under different conditions of the present invention; Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature of the upper lining under different heating cable powers of the present invention; Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the minimum value of the temperature of the monitoring line ab and the lining surface temperature under different conditions of the present invention; Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the temperature of the pipeline air layer and the pipeline water under different conditions of the present invention; Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the temperature on the monitoring lines gh and jk under different conditions of the present invention; Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of streamlines in the air layer of the pipeline of the present invention.

[0017] Fig.21 It is the temperature cloud diagram of the pipeline water under different conditions of the present invention; Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the temperature of pipeline water under different conditions of the present invention; Fig.23 Schematic diagram of the temperature of the invert lining under different heating cable powers of the present invention; Reference numerals: 1. Photoelectric conversion device; 2. Small power storage device; 3. Large power storage device; 4. Heat storage device; 5. Electric heating device; 6. Lining; 7. Air insulation chamber; 8. Wall insulation layer; 9. Hot air inlet high-pressure air pump; 10. First auxiliary circulation component; 11. Second auxiliary circulation component; 12. Cold air outlet high-pressure air pump; 13. Hot air transmission component; 14. Cold air transmission component; 15. First valve; 16. Second valve; 17. Third valve; 18. Heat storage radiator; 19. First temperature measuring device; 20. Second temperature measuring device; 21. Third temperature measuring device; 22. A data processor; 23. A first controller; 24. A second data processor; 25. A second controller; 26. Backfill of the invert; 27. A first drain pipe; 28. A second drain pipe; 29. ​​A third drain pipe; 30. A heating cable; 31. A heating cable switch; 32. A fourth drain pipe; 33. A longitudinal drainage blind pipe; 34. An auxiliary high-pressure air pump; 35. An air pump connecting pipe; 36. A hot air delivery pipe; 37. A nozzle; 38. A cold air return pipe; 39. A suction head; 40. A pipe insulation layer; 41. A pipe air layer; 42. A pipe drain pipe; 43. A reserved channel; 44. An insulating skeleton. [Specific implementation method] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and the well-known modules, units and their connections, links, communications or operations are not shown or described in detail. In addition, the described features, architectures or functions can be combined in any way in one or more embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the various embodiments described below are only for illustration and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It can also be easily understood that the modules or units or processing methods in the various embodiments described herein and shown in the drawings can be combined and designed according to various different configurations. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" and the like used herein to indicate directions or positional relationships are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0020] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0021] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of one type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship.

[0022] The limitations of various nouns or methods referred to in the following embodiments, except for those that are logically untenable, are generally based on the broad concepts that can be implemented under the premise of the disclosure in the embodiments. Under such understanding, the various specific subordinate specific limitations of the nouns or methods should be regarded as the inventive content of the present invention, and should not be understood narrowly or interpreted in a biased manner on the grounds that the specification does not disclose the specific limitations. Similarly, under the premise that it can be implemented logically, the order of the steps in the method is flexible and changeable, and the specific subordinate specific limitations in the broad concepts of various nouns or methods all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment proposes an energy-saving, heat-insulating and antifreeze system for cold-region tunnels, including an energy storage and heating module, a temperature monitoring module, an air circulation module, a drainage and antifreeze module, a lining 6 and an off-wall insulation layer 8, the lining 6 and the off-wall insulation layer 8 form an air insulation cavity 7, the air insulation cavity 7 is connected to the energy storage and heating module, the energy storage and heating module is used to generate and store heat, and provide a heat source for the air in the air insulation cavity 7 and the air circulation module, the temperature monitoring module is used to collect and analyze the air inside the air insulation cavity 7, the temperature of the air in the energy storage and heating module and the ambient temperature in the tunnel, the drainage and antifreeze module is located at the bottom of the tunnel, and the drainage and antifreeze module is used to collect and discharge water inside the surrounding rock.

[0024] The embodiment of the present invention uses an energy storage heating module and a photoelectric conversion device to convert solar energy into electrical energy and thermal energy, and stores them in a heat storage device and an electrical storage device, thereby providing continuous and stable energy for the system. The air circulation module continuously delivers hot air to the air insulation chamber and discharges cold air, thereby achieving uniform heating of the air inside the air insulation chamber, avoiding local temperature differences, and keeping the temperature in a positive temperature state. At the same time, the air layer in the pipeline is heated by the drainage antifreeze module to prevent the drainage pipeline from freezing, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the tunnel drainage system. The system can not only provide a stable insulation and antifreeze effect in a long-term negative temperature environment, but also has a low operating cost, is safe and reliable, and overcomes the problems of high energy consumption and potential safety hazards in the prior art. It has a wide applicability and good practical value and economic benefits.

[0025] Furthermore, the energy storage and heating module includes a light energy conversion device 1, a small power storage device 2, a large power storage device 3, a heat storage device 4 and an electric heating device 5. The light energy conversion device 1 is electrically connected to the small power storage device 2, the large power storage device 3 and the heat storage device 4. The electric heating device 5 is electrically connected to the small power storage device 2, the large power storage device 3 and the heat storage device 4. The light energy conversion device 1 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the small power storage device 2 and the large power storage device 3. The small power storage device 2 is used to provide the working voltage of the electric heating device 5. The large power storage device 3 is used to provide the working voltage of the heating cable. The electric heating device 5 is used to provide a heat source for the air insulation cavity 7 and the air in the air circulation module. The heat storage device 4 is used to store heat.

[0026] This embodiment significantly improves the thermal insulation and antifreeze performance of the system for the lining and surrounding rock through the optimized design of the energy storage and heating module: the energy storage and heating module integrates a light energy conversion device, a small power storage device, a large power storage device, a heat storage device and an electric heating device, making full use of solar energy as the main energy source to achieve efficient utilization and storage of energy. The light energy conversion device converts solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in a small power storage device and a large power storage device, ensuring that sufficient electrical energy support can be provided to the system when there is sufficient sunshine. In addition, the heat storage device provides a heat source for the air in the air insulation cavity and the air circulation module to maintain the temperature inside the air insulation cavity. The electric heating device serves as an auxiliary device to further ensure the stable operation of the system and the thermal insulation and antifreeze effect of the lining and surrounding rock of the system in an extremely low temperature environment, greatly improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system, reducing dependence on external energy, having good energy-saving and environmental protection characteristics, and low operating costs, safety and reliability, and is suitable for long-term operation of tunnels in cold areas.

[0027] Furthermore, a heat storage heat sink 18 is provided in the heat storage device 4, and the heat storage heat sink 18 is used to adjust the heat release rate in the heat storage device.

[0028] This embodiment can effectively adjust the heat release rate in the heat storage device by arranging a heat storage heat sink 18 in the heat storage device, so that the heat is gradually released according to demand, ensuring that the system can stably supply heat and avoiding excessive or insufficient heating. This design improves energy utilization efficiency, optimizes the temperature regulation of the air in the lining and surrounding rock, ensures that the lining and surrounding rock continue to maintain a positive temperature state in a cold environment, and thus improves the energy saving and operational stability of the system.

[0029] Furthermore, the temperature monitoring module includes a temperature data processor, a first temperature measuring device 19 and a second temperature measuring device 20, wherein the first temperature measuring device 19 is used to collect the temperature of the air in the air insulation chamber 7, and the second temperature measuring device 20 is used to collect the ambient temperature inside the tunnel, and the temperature data processor is used to process the data collected by the first temperature measuring device 19 and the second temperature measuring device 20.

[0030] This embodiment, through the design of the temperature monitoring module, combined with the temperature data processor, the first temperature measuring device 19 and the second temperature measuring device 20, can accurately monitor the ambient temperature inside the air insulation chamber and the tunnel: the temperature data processor processes the collected data in real time, and dynamically adjusts the system's heating and circulation strategies according to temperature changes, ensuring that the internal temperature of the lining and surrounding rock remains within the set range, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature control and the efficiency of system operation, and further enhancing the insulation and antifreeze effects.

[0031] Optionally, the air circulation module includes a hot air transmission component 13 and a cold air transmission component 14, the hot air transmission component 13 includes a hot air delivery pipe 36, the hot air delivery pipe 36 is provided with a hot air inlet high-pressure air pump 9, a first auxiliary circulation component 10, a first valve 15 and a plurality of nozzles 37, the electric heating device 5 is connected to the air insulation chamber 7 through the hot air delivery pipe 36, the nozzle 37 is used to spray the hot air in the hot air delivery pipe 36 into the top of the air insulation chamber 7, the first auxiliary circulation component 10 is used to strengthen the circulation of air in the hot air delivery pipe 36, the hot air inlet high-pressure air pump 9 is used to deliver the hot air in the heat storage device 4 to the hot air delivery pipe 36, and the first valve 15 is used to control the on-off of the hot air delivery pipe 36; The cold air transmission component 14 includes a cold air return pipe 38, on which a cold air outlet high-pressure air pump 12, a second auxiliary circulation component 11, a third valve 17 and a plurality of suction heads 39 are provided. The air insulation chamber 7 is connected with the electric heating device 5 and the heat storage device 4 through the cold air return pipe 38. The suction head 39 is used to suck the cold air at the bottom of the air insulation chamber 7 into the cold air return pipe 38. The second auxiliary circulation component 11 is used to strengthen the circulation of air in the cold air return pipe 38. The cold air outlet high-pressure air pump 12 is used to transport the cold air in the cold air return pipe 38 to the heat storage device 4. The third valve 17 is used to control the on-off of the cold air return pipe 38. The pipeline connecting the heat storage device 4 and the electric heating device 5 is provided with a second valve 16 , and the second valve 16 is used to open and close the hot air flowing from the heat storage device 4 to the electric heating device 5 .

[0032] Specifically, when the heat stored in the heat storage device is insufficient, the heating device is turned on for auxiliary heating.

[0033] This embodiment achieves precise control and efficient circulation of air through a high-pressure air pump, auxiliary circulation components and directional control valves, thereby ensuring the effective distribution of hot air and cold air in the required areas. It not only improves the overall thermal efficiency of the system, but also reduces energy consumption through the precise control of the operation of components, thereby achieving optimal utilization of energy.

[0034] In addition, the present embodiment further optimizes the air circulation efficiency by arranging a plurality of nozzles 37 at intervals on the hot air delivery pipe 36, and arranging a plurality of suction heads 39 at intervals on the cold air return pipe 38: the nozzle 37 can spray hot air evenly into the top of the air insulation chamber 7, effectively improving the heating coverage inside the air insulation chamber 7, ensuring that the temperature in the air insulation chamber is evenly distributed, and avoiding local overcooling or overheating; at the same time, the suction head 39 can promptly suck the cold air at the bottom of the air insulation chamber 7 into the cold air return pipe 38, forming an effective air return system, which not only improves the efficiency and uniformity of air circulation, but also ensures that the system can quickly adjust the temperature in the air insulation chamber, which helps to further enhance the insulation and antifreeze effect, while reducing heat loss and improving energy utilization.

[0035] Optionally, the first auxiliary circulation component 10 includes at least one auxiliary high-pressure air pump 34 and at least two air pump connecting pipes 35, the second auxiliary circulation component 11 has the same structure as the first auxiliary circulation component 10, the first high-pressure air pump 34 is arranged on the inner side of the wall insulation layer 8 and outside the tunnel construction limit, and the auxiliary high-pressure air pump 34 is connected to the hot air delivery pipe 36 or the cold air return pipe 38 arranged in the air insulation chamber 7 through the air pump connecting pipe 35.

[0036] Among them, outside the tunnel construction limit specifically means not affecting the normal operation of the tunnel and outside the normal operating area.

[0037] Preferably, when the hot air delivery pipe 36 or the cold air return pipe 38 is longer than 200 m, the first auxiliary circulation assembly and the second auxiliary circulation assembly are arranged at intervals of 50-100 m.

[0038] In this embodiment, the first high-pressure air pump 34 is designed to be arranged on the inner side of the wall insulation layer 8. This is mainly due to the limitation of the internal space of the air insulation chamber 7, which is not enough to accommodate the first high-pressure air pump 34. Placing the first high-pressure air pump 34 on the inner side of the insulation layer can not only save internal space, but also facilitate the installation, maintenance and heat dissipation of the air pump. At the same time, it is placed outside the tunnel construction limit and does not affect traffic.

[0039] This embodiment greatly extends the service life of the equipment and ensures the stable operation and efficiency of the system. This layout optimizes the overall design and ensures the high efficiency and reliability of the system.

[0040] This embodiment significantly improves the heat exchange efficiency and operational stability of the system by arranging the first high-pressure air pump 34 on the inner side of the wall insulation layer 8 and outside the tunnel construction limit, and adopts auxiliary circulation components and air pump connecting pipes to optimize air circulation, thereby ensuring smoother circulation of hot air and cold air, thereby improving thermal efficiency.

[0041] In addition, auxiliary circulation components arranged at specific intervals ensure the stability and uniformity of the gas flow during long-distance transportation, enhancing the energy efficiency and reliability of the entire system. It not only improves performance but also reduces energy consumption, providing an efficient solution for applications that require long-distance gas transportation.

[0042] Further, the drainage and antifreeze module includes an inverted arch backfill 26 and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe 33. The inverted arch backfill 26 is provided with a first drainage pipe 27, a second drainage pipe 28, a third drainage pipe 29 and a fourth drainage pipe 32. The first drainage pipe 27 and the second drainage pipe 28 are located on both sides of the inverted arch backfill 26. The first drainage pipe 27 and the second drainage pipe 28 are connected to the third drainage pipe 29 through the fourth drainage pipe 32. A heating cable 30 is provided in the first drainage pipe 27, the second drainage pipe 28 and the third drainage pipe 29. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe 33 is connected to the first drainage pipe 27 and the second drainage pipe 28. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe 33 is used to collect water inside the surrounding rock.

[0043] The present embodiment includes an inverted arch backfill 26 and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe 33. A first drainage pipe 27, a second drainage pipe 28, a third drainage pipe 29 and a fourth drainage pipe 32 are arranged inside the inverted arch backfill 26. The drainage pipes are interconnected through the fourth drainage pipe 32 to ensure smooth drainage. The first drainage pipe 27 and the second drainage pipe 28 are arranged on both sides of the inverted arch backfill 26 and are heated by a heating cable 30 to prevent water in the drainage pipe from freezing at low temperatures. The heating cable 30 passes through the first, second and third drainage pipes to ensure that the drainage system always remains at a positive temperature under cold conditions. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe 33 is responsible for collecting water accumulated inside the surrounding rock and is connected to the first drainage pipe and the second drainage pipe to allow water to flow smoothly to the drainage system. The present embodiment not only effectively prevents the problem of pipe blockage due to ice formation, but also ensures the long-term stable operation of the drainage antifreeze system, improves the reliability and efficiency of drainage antifreeze, and reduces the risk of structural damage caused by poor drainage.

[0044] Furthermore, the first drain pipe 27 includes a pipe insulation layer 40 and a plurality of heating cables 30, a pipe drain pipe 42 is provided in the pipe insulation layer 40, a pipe air layer 41 is formed between the pipe insulation layer 40 and the pipe drain pipe 42, a plurality of insulation frames 44 are sleeved on the pipe drain pipe 42, a plurality of reserved channels 43 are provided on the insulation frames 44, and the heating cables 30 pass through the reserved channels 43, and the structures of the second drain pipe 28, the third drain pipe 29 and the fourth drain pipe 32 are consistent with those of the first drain pipe 27.

[0045] This embodiment significantly improves the antifreeze effect and reliability of the drainage system through the design of the first drain pipe 27 and its related pipes: the first drain pipe 27 adopts a structural design that combines a pipe insulation layer 40 with a pipe drain pipe 42. The pipe air layer 41 formed between the pipe insulation layer 40 and the pipe drain pipe 42 has a good heat insulation effect, further reducing heat loss. The heating cable 30 is evenly distributed on the outside of the pipe drain pipe 42 through the reserved channels 43 of the insulation skeleton 44. The function of the heating cable can effectively prevent the water in the drain pipe from freezing in a low temperature environment, ensuring the smooth flow of the drainage system. In addition, the structures of the second drain pipe 28, the third drain pipe 29 and the fourth drain pipe 32 are consistent with the first drain pipe 27. This unified design enables the entire drainage system to be fully antifreeze under cold conditions, ensuring the long-term safe operation of the tunnel, reducing pipeline maintenance costs, and improving the operation efficiency of the system.

[0046] Furthermore, the energy storage heating module also includes a third temperature measuring device 21, a second data processor 24, a second controller 25, a first data processor 22 and a first heating controller 23. The third temperature measuring device 21 is used to detect the temperature of the air in the heat storage device 4. The second data processor 24 is used to receive and process the temperature data detected by the third temperature measuring device 21, and make temperature adjustment decisions based on the data. The first heating controller 23 is used to control the opening and closing of the heating cable 30, and adjust the working state of the heating cable 30 according to system requirements. The first data processor 22 is used to receive and process the temperature data inside the air layer and the inner surface of the insulation layer. The second controller 25 is used to control the opening and closing of the electric heating equipment.

[0047] This embodiment realizes intelligent control of the heat storage device and the heating cable by adding a third temperature measuring device 21, a second data processor 24, a second controller 25, a first data processor 22 and a first heating controller 23, thereby greatly improving the operating efficiency and accuracy of the system: the third temperature measuring device 21 monitors the temperature in the heat storage device 4 in real time, the second data processor 24 makes temperature adjustment decisions based on the monitoring data to ensure accurate regulation of heat release, the first heating controller 23 controls the opening and closing of the heating cable 30 according to demand, optimizes the working state of the heating cable, and ensures effective use of energy, the first data processor 22 is responsible for processing the temperature data in the air layer and the insulation layer, accurately regulating the temperature change in the air insulation cavity to avoid overheating or overcooling, the second controller 25 is used to control the operation of the electric heating equipment to ensure that necessary auxiliary heating is provided when heat storage is insufficient, significantly improving the insulation and antifreeze effect of the lining and surrounding rock, while reducing energy consumption and improving the stability and safety of the system operation.

[0048] Specifically, refer to Figure 7 The embodiment of the present invention selects the Qingshashan Tunnel section, and uses COMSOL Multiphysics finite element to perform geometric modeling and meshing on the above three-dimensional thermal insulation and antifreeze model. The model tunnel is 20m long, with a cross-channel duct set at 10m in the middle, and the mesh of the fluid part is encrypted (such as Figure 7 ), the domain units total 3247679, and the model medium calculation parameters are as shown in the following table.

[0049]

[0050] Boundary conditions and initial values: Assuming the temperature of the cold air blowing into the tunnel is -20℃, the convection heat transfer coefficient with the tunnel wall is h Set to 20W / (m 2 ℃) for 60 days. The initial temperatures of surrounding rock, lining, insulation layer, air layer and water are all set at 2.9℃. The surfaces including points A, B, C and D are all adiabatic boundaries. The convective heat flux boundaries are as follows:

[0051] Where: λ is the thermal conductivity of the tunnel wall that bounds the convective heat flux; T is the temperature of the tunnel wall; T w is the temperature of the cold air flow; ∂T / ∂n express T Along the unit external normal on the boundary n The directional derivative of h is the convective heat transfer coefficient.

[0052] In order to obtain energy-saving and effective thermal insulation and antifreeze technology, based on the basic model of tunnel all-round thermal insulation and antifreeze, the following working conditions were designed for the three insulation parts under the same boundary conditions and initial conditions: (1) For the upper lining of the invert, one of the measures is to introduce hot air into the off-wall air layer, such as Figure 8 , it realizes internal air circulation by laying hot air delivery pipes and nozzles at the inlet, laying cold air return pipes and nozzles at the outlet (cold air density is greater than hot air, so it is laid at the bottom), and high-pressure air pumps. u 1. Temperature T 1 Combination design 6 cases, namely (0.01m / s, 1℃), (0.01m / s, 10℃), (0.1m / s, 1℃), (0.1m / s, 5℃), (0.1m / s, 10℃), (0.5m / s, 1℃).

[0053] Among them, the outlet relative pressure P 0 is taken as 0.

[0054] Another measure is to lay heating cables on the inner surface of the upper lining, with a longitudinal spacing of 1m. Figure 8 , its line power p h1 , p h2 Six combinations are designed, namely (0W / m, 0W / m), (1W / m, 0W / m), (2W / m, 0W / m), (2W / m, 1W / m), (2W / m, 3W / m), and (2W / m, 4W / m). Temperature monitoring lines ab are set on the inner side of the opening lining.

[0055] Figure 8 The first sub-figure is a schematic diagram of hot air passing into the off-wall air layer, where x is the monitoring line; Figure 8 The second sub-figure is a schematic diagram of laying heating cables on the inner surface of the upper lining.

[0056] (2) For the drainage pipe, one of the measures is to introduce hot air into the air layer (air insulation cavity 7) of the hollow insulation pipe (the specific implementation method of the drainage pipe is as follows: Figure 6 ), at this time, the influence of the insulating frame on the fluid is ignored, and the heating cable is laid in the horizontal conduit, such as Fig. 9 , inlet temperature T 2 is set to 50℃, speed u 2. Line power p h3 Six combination designs were adopted, namely (0.2m / s, 0W / m), (0.2m / s, 2.5W / m), (0.4m / s, 2.5W / m), (0.6m / s, 2.5W / m), (0.8m / s,2.5W / m), and (1m / s, 2.5W / m).

[0057] Among them, the outlet relative pressure P 0 is taken as 0.

[0058] Another measure is to lay the heating cable through the reserved channel inside the air layer (air insulation cavity 7) of the hollow insulation pipe, such as Fig. 9 , Heating cable power p h4 , p h5 Combination design for two cases, respectively (0W / m, 0W / m) and (1.1W / m, 0.8W / m), temperature monitoring lines gh and jk are as follows Fig.10 .

[0059] in, Fig. 9 The first sub-figure is a schematic diagram of hot air entering the air layer (air insulation cavity 7) of the hollow insulation pipe. Fig. 9 The second sub-figure is a schematic diagram of laying a heating cable inside the air layer (air insulation cavity 7) of the hollow insulation pipe.

[0060] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the temperature monitoring line for pipeline water.

[0061] (3) For the inverted arch lining, a heating cable is laid between the inverted arch lining and the insulation layer, such as Fig.11 .

[0062] in, Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the thermal insulation and antifreeze working conditions of the invert lining.

[0063] The above working conditions 1-3 involve the coupled process of solid and fluid heat transfer, laminar flow or turbulent flow. Since the air pressure and temperature change little, the density ρ The influence of is very small, that is, ρ / ρ≪1, it can be regarded as an incompressible fluid, and the heat caused by viscous dissipation is ignored. According to the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equation (the RANS method is used for turbulence), and the total energy equation are obtained as follows:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Where: u is the velocity field of the air, that is ( u , v , w ), u , v , w Cartesian coordinate system x , y , z The speed corresponding to the direction; p is the relative pressure of air; F is the external force acting on the air; Q is the source term; μ is the dynamic viscosity of air, taking 1.7×10 -5 Pa·s; c p is the heat capacity at constant pressure; T is temperature; μ T represents the turbulent viscosity, through k - ε The turbulence model is solved by adding two transport equations, the two variables are turbulent kinetic energy k and turbulent dissipation ε , as an example, in laminar flow μ T =0;2 ρk / 3 is the pressure generated by turbulent pulsation, which is 0 in laminar flow; λ T is the turbulent thermal conductivity, λ T = c p μ T / Pr T , Pr T is the turbulent Prandtl number, and for laminar flow λ T =0.

[0067]

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Where: , C μ , σ k , σ ε 、 C ε1 , C ε2 are empirical constants, generally taken as 0.07, 1.00, 1.30, 1.44, and 1.92. u , v , w , μ T , k , ε , p , T Then the 8 equations are solved.

[0071] Whether to use the laminar flow formula or the turbulent flow formula for calculation is determined by the Reynolds number, Re= ρud / μ , d is the characteristic length. When Re>4000, it is turbulent flow, otherwise, it is laminar flow (assuming that the transition state is also calculated using the laminar flow formula).

[0072] Hot air is introduced into the off-wall air layer, with a characteristic length d The thickness of the air layer is 0.1m, and the critical speed can be calculated u 1=0.52m / s, that is u 1≤0.52m / s, laminar flow, u 1>0.52m / s, turbulent flow.

[0073] Similarly, hot air is introduced into the air layer of the hollow insulation pipe, and the characteristic length d The critical velocity is 0.2 m, which is the difference between the diameter of the air layer in the pipeline and the diameter of the water layer in the pipeline. u 2=0.26m / s.

[0074] Specifically, the basic model of all-round thermal insulation and antifreeze is based on the boundary conditions and initial values ​​(assuming that the temperature of the cold air flow blowing into the tunnel is -20℃ and the convection heat transfer coefficient with the tunnel wall is h Set to 20W / (m 2 ℃) for 60 days, the initial temperatures of surrounding rock, lining, insulation layer, air layer and water are all set to 2.9℃ , the surfaces including points A, B, C, and D are all adiabatic boundaries), and the freezing line (front) at the 60th day is obtained as follows Fig.12It can be seen that although the upper lining part of the invert is equipped with off-wall insulation, the lining and local surrounding rock are still frozen, which is better than only setting up an insulation layer in the lining part of the invert. Although the drainage pipe part has a hollow insulation structure for insulation, it only plays a mitigating role and is still frozen.

[0075] Therefore, active heating measures are added on the basis of passive cold protection.

[0076] in, Fig.12 The white line in the middle is the freeze line.

[0077] The upper lining of the inverted arch introduces hot air into the off-wall air layer through the inlet hot air delivery pipe and the outlet cold air return pipe. The streamline diagram is shown in the figure. Fig.13 , the streamlines are evenly distributed, indicating that the heating effect is consistent in the longitudinal direction. The corresponding working conditions are simulated to obtain Figure 14-15 .

[0078] Depend on Fig.14 It can be seen that when the inlet velocity reaches 0.1m / s, increasing the air temperature is beneficial to improving the thermal insulation effect of the lining. When it increases to 10℃, the upper lining part can maintain a positive temperature. However, when the inlet velocity increases to 0.5m / s, the air temperature only needs to be 1℃ to meet the thermal insulation and antifreeze effects.

[0079] Fig.15 The figure above shows the air flow at different speeds and temperatures ( t =60d) on the monitoring line ab, wherein the vertical axis is the temperature and the horizontal axis is the arc length from the point a on the monitoring line ab.

[0080] Fig.15 The following figure shows different time nodes ( u 1=0.5m / s, T 1=1℃) The temperature schematic sub-diagram on the monitoring line ab, with the vertical axis being the temperature and the horizontal axis being the arc length from point a on the monitoring line ab.

[0081] Depend on Fig.15 It can be seen that the temperature on the monitoring line ab is symmetrical about the central axis of the tunnel. When the entrance velocity is small (0.01m / s) or the air temperature is greater than 2.9℃, the temperature curve shows a trend of being large in the middle and gradually decreasing to both sides. u 1=0.5m / s, T When 1=1℃, the curve is relatively stable and the temperature is above the freezing line, which means that in this case, the effect of heat preservation and antifreeze can be achieved without wasting heat energy. At the same time, the temperature on the monitoring line ab is decreasing with the increase of time, but the rate of decrease is decreasing. This shows that the sum of the heat introduced and the heat conducted by the surrounding rock effectively compensates for the heat carried away by the cold wind flow.

[0082] The power of hot air passing through a range of 20m is: 0.5m / s×0.1m×20m×1℃×1.29kg / m 3 ×1005J / (kg·℃) (when the temperature in the air layer away from the wall is monitored to be 0℃, cyclic heating starts to reach 1℃), which is 1296.45W.

[0083] Fig.17 In the figure, the upper figure is a schematic sub-diagram of the temperature on the monitoring line ab under different power conditions, and the lower figure is a schematic diagram of the minimum temperature under different laying spacings and different powers.

[0084] Heating cables are laid on the inner surface of the upper lining to simulate the corresponding working conditions. Half of the upper lining is taken to obtain Figure 16-17 ,in, p h1 When the temperature increases from 0 to 2W / m, the freezing of most of the middle of the lining can be prevented. The frozen part is mainly concentrated at the arch foot. The temperature curve on the monitoring line ab also illustrates this point. At this time, if the temperature is still increased p h1 This will cause energy consumption to rise sharply, which is not worth the cost. p h1 =2Wm unchanged, increase p h2 The local temperature of the arch foot can be raised to 4W / m, and the lowest temperature of the lining surface is 0.281℃, the best p h2 The selection should correspond to the upper lining temperature minimum value of 0, according to Fig.17 The best interpolation calculation can be obtained by p h2 is 3.14W / m. Similarly, the heating cable spacing of 2m, 3m, and 4m can be obtained. p h1 , p h2 The best power combinations are (3W / m, 4.30W / m) (5W / m, 4.57W / m) (7W / m, 5.13W / m) respectively.

[0085] In order to obtain the optimal laying distance of the heating cable, it is necessary to compare the optimal total power under different laying distances. The calculation formula is:

[0086] Where: P t The total power of the heating cable within 20m; l 1 is the horizontal laying length of the heating cable, which is 22.85m; n The number of horizontal laying at different laying intervals within 20m; l2 is the longitudinal laying length, which is 20m; p ' h1 , p′ h2 The best power combination is obtained above. The total power of the laying spacing of 1m, 2m, 3m, and 4m is calculated to be 1039.6W, 857.5W, 982.55W, and 1004.95W respectively. Obviously, when the laying spacing is 2m, the total power is the smallest and the energy consumption is the smallest.

[0087] Comparing the power of introducing hot air and laying heating cables, the power of laying heating cables is slightly smaller, but the fire hazard caused by short circuit and overheating is greater, and it is easy to get an electric shock. When there is positive temperature accumulated air relying on geothermal heat inside the tunnel, it can be directly introduced into the off-wall air layer, which is energy-saving and reliable.

[0088] Fig.19 In the figure, the horizontal axis in the upper figure is the length of the monitoring line gh from point g, and the horizontal axis in the lower figure is the length of the monitoring line let from point j.

[0089] In the drainage pipe, hot air is introduced into the air layer of the hollow structure pipe, and its streamline is as follows Fig. 20 It can be seen that the streamlines are unevenly distributed in the transverse air duct, and less hot air flows in, which will lead to a lower gas temperature in the transverse air duct. Fig.18 It can be seen that increasing the air inlet velocity is beneficial to increasing the temperature of the pipeline air layer and pipeline water. By extracting the temperature on the monitoring lines gh and jk, we can get Fig.19 ,Depend on Fig.19 It can be seen that the temperature variation patterns on the monitoring lines gh and jk are roughly the same. p h3 , the temperature does not change much, only slightly increases in the range of 10m in the longitudinal direction; the temperature at 10m has a sudden drop because heat flows into the air duct; the inlet speed transitions from 0.2m / s to 0.4m / s, and the longitudinal temperature drop decreases significantly. After that, the speed is increased again. Although the temperature drop is still decreasing, the reduction rate is reduced. u Taking 2=1m / s as an example, the temperature in the longitudinal 20m is reduced from 50℃ to 44.4℃, which means that in this case, the water in the longitudinal pipe with a length of 178.57m can be kept from freezing. The antifreeze length is limited, and its heat transfer power is: 1m / s×0.44m 2 ×70℃×1.29kg / m 3 ×1005 J / (kg·℃); That is 39930.66W (the cross-sectional area of ​​hot air transport is 0.44 m 2, the air temperature is heated from -20℃ to 50℃), then the average heat consumption of 20m is 39930.66W×20 / 178.57=4472.27W.

[0090] The energy-saving and anti-freezing effect is not as good as the upper lining, mainly because the hot air introduced is not recycled and needs to be heated from the ambient temperature to the required temperature; there is no heat supply from the surrounding rock to the air layer in the pipeline; the speed of the introduced hot air is relatively high, which accelerates the convective heat exchange and heat loss.

[0091] Lay heating cables in the air layer of the pipeline. Fig.21 It can be seen that p h4 =1.1 W / m, p h5 =0.8W / m, it can prevent the pipe water from freezing. If there is no hollow insulation structure, the lowest temperature of the pipe water can reach -16.6℃ under this power combination.

[0092] Fig.21 In the figure, the first sub-figure a and the second sub-figure b are temperature cloud diagrams of pipe water when a hollow insulation structure is provided, and the third sub-figure c and the fourth sub-figure b are temperature cloud diagrams of pipe water when no hollow insulation structure is provided.

[0093] refer to Fig. 22 The circular symbol indicates the minimum value when the sewer pipe is insulated, the triangular symbol indicates the maximum value when the sewer pipe is insulated, the square symbol indicates the minimum value when the sewer pipe is not insulated, and the star symbol indicates the maximum value when the sewer pipe is not insulated.

[0094] from Fig. 22 It can be seen that in the case of a hollow insulation structure, the maximum and minimum values ​​of the pipe water temperature increase first and then decrease over time, and the decrease is decreasing. However, when there is no hollow insulation structure, the maximum value of the pipe water temperature has an increasing trend in the initial stage, but the increase is very small, and then it drops sharply like the minimum value. p h4 =22W / m, p h5 =2.8W / m, the pipe water will not freeze. With or without the hollow insulation structure, the heating power required to meet the insulation and antifreeze requirements is: 1.1W / m×20m×12+0.8W / m×4.54m×8=293.06W; 22W / m×20m×12+2.8W / m×4.54m×8=5381.70W From the above, it can be seen that the energy-saving efficiency of the hollow heating cable structure insulation is 94.5% compared with the direct laying of heating cables. In addition, its heating power is significantly lower than the heat consumption of introducing hot air into the air layer of the hollow structure pipeline.

[0095] Therefore, the drainage pipe part chooses a hollow heating cable structure for insulation and anti-freezing, which is energy-saving and effective.

[0096] The conclusion drawn from the analysis of laying heating cables on the upper lining is that heating cables should be laid between the insulation layer and the invert lining at an optimal spacing of 2m ( Fig.11 ), and similarly, the lining temperature of the invert under different power combinations is calculated to obtain Fig.23 ), interpolation calculation is performed based on the minimum temperature value, and we can get p h6 、p h7 The best combination is (11w / m, 4.66 w / m).

[0097] The present invention also provides a control method for the energy-saving, heat-insulating and antifreeze system of a tunnel in a cold region.

[0098] Specifically, when the temperature detection module detects that the air temperature in the air insulation chamber 7 is lower than 0°C, the system will automatically start the electric heating device 5, the air circulation module and the heat storage and heat dissipation plate 18 in the heat storage device 4.

[0099] Specifically, when the temperature detection module detects that the air temperature in the air insulation chamber 7 is lower than 0°C, it means that the first temperature measuring device 19 in the temperature monitoring module detects that the air temperature in the air insulation chamber 7 is lower than 0°C.

[0100] The electric heating device 5 is started as the main heat source, converting electrical energy into thermal energy to directly provide heat to the air insulation chamber. This process quickly increases the temperature in the insulation chamber and prevents the temperature from further dropping below the freezing point, thereby effectively avoiding damage to the tunnel structure caused by frost heave.

[0101] The air circulation module is responsible for forming a uniform air flow in the insulation chamber. By circulating the hot air, it can ensure that the temperature distribution in the entire insulation chamber is uniform, avoid local overheating or uneven cooling, and improve the overall insulation effect. At the same time, air circulation helps to accelerate the transfer and distribution of heat, and improve the response speed and thermal efficiency of the system.

[0102] The heat storage and heat dissipation plate 18 in the heat storage device is started to gradually release the stored heat.

[0103] When the ambient temperature is below 0℃, the temperature monitoring module further detects the external ambient temperature. At this time, the system will start the heating cable in the drainage antifreeze module to ensure the normal operation of the tunnel drainage system.

[0104] Specifically, when the temperature monitoring module detects that the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, it means that the second temperature measuring device 20 in the temperature monitoring module detects that the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, and the same applies when the ambient temperature is higher than 0°C.

[0105] Among them, the heating cable in the drainage antifreeze module converts electrical energy into thermal energy and is evenly distributed around the drainage pipe. Its main function is to heat the air in the air layer, thereby ensuring that the water in the drainage pipe remains at a positive temperature, preventing the water from freezing in a low temperature environment and ensuring the patency of the drainage system.

[0106] The activation of the heating cable is based on real-time monitoring of the ambient temperature, ensuring that it is only turned on when necessary, thus avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

[0107] When the temperature monitoring module detects that the ambient temperature rises above 0°C, the system will take a series of measures to save energy and ensure the normal operation of the drainage system.

[0108] Stopping all heating equipment, including the electric heating device 5, the air circulation module, the heat storage cooling plate 18 in the heat storage device, and the heating cable in the drainage antifreeze module, is intended to avoid continued consumption of energy for heating in a warm environment and improve the energy efficiency of the system.

[0109] The heat storage and heat dissipation plate 18 has stored a portion of thermal energy during the previous heating process. At this time, the heat storage device can continue to store this thermal energy and wait for use when heating is needed next time, thereby greatly improving the energy utilization efficiency.

[0110] The heating cables in the drainage and antifreeze modules stop working, but the drainage function still operates normally, keeping the interior of the tunnel dry and unobstructed, and avoiding other problems caused by moisture accumulation.

[0111] The entire control process is monitored and managed in real time by the temperature monitoring module to ensure that the system can automatically adjust its operating status according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0112] The energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system control method for cold-region tunnels provided by the present invention monitors the air insulation cavity and the ambient temperature in real time through an accurate temperature detection module to ensure that the system can respond to temperature changes in a timely manner. When the temperature in the air insulation cavity is lower than 0°C, the electric heating device, the air circulation module and the heat storage and heat dissipation plate work together to quickly increase the temperature of the insulation cavity to prevent the frost heave phenomenon from damaging the lining and surrounding rock. At the same time, the air circulation ensures that the heat is evenly distributed and the insulation efficiency is improved. The application of the heat storage device not only optimizes energy utilization and reduces energy waste, but also provides continuous heat support during non-heating periods, further improving the energy efficiency ratio of the system. When the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, the heating cable in the drainage antifreeze module is started to ensure that the drainage system is not blocked or broken due to ice, ensuring the normal operation of the tunnel drainage function and preventing the water frost heave from causing additional stress on the structure. In addition, when the ambient temperature rises above 0°C, the system automatically stops all heating equipment, retains only the heat storage device and the power storage device for heat energy storage, and maintains the normal operation of the drainage system, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption, extending the equipment life, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0113] The entire control process is highly automated, reducing the need for manual intervention and improving the reliability and ease of operation of the system. This method not only effectively prevents freezing and structural damage of the lining and surrounding rock under extreme cold conditions, but also achieves energy conservation and environmental protection through intelligent energy management. It has broad application prospects and economic benefits, and greatly improves the safety and sustainability of tunnel infrastructure in cold regions. The embodiments of this specific implementation are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. The same components are represented by the same figure marks. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system, characterized in that: The tunnel comprises an energy storage and heating module, a temperature monitoring module, an air circulation module, a drainage and antifreeze module, a lining (6) and an off-wall insulation layer (8), wherein the lining (6) and the off-wall insulation layer (8) form an air insulation cavity (7), wherein the air insulation cavity (7) is connected to the energy storage and heating module, wherein the energy storage and heating module is used to generate and store heat and provide a heat source for the air in the air insulation cavity (7) and the air circulation module, wherein the temperature monitoring module is used to collect and analyze the air temperature inside the air insulation cavity (7), the air temperature inside the energy storage and heating module and the ambient temperature inside the tunnel, wherein the drainage and antifreeze module is located at the bottom of the tunnel, and wherein the drainage and antifreeze module is used to collect and discharge water inside the surrounding rock.

2. The cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy storage and heating module comprises a light energy conversion device (1), a small power storage device (2), a large power storage device (3), a heat storage device (4) and an electric heating device (5). The light energy conversion device (1) is electrically connected to the small power storage device (2), the large power storage device (3) and the heat storage device (4). The electric heating device (5) is electrically connected to the small power storage device (2), the large power storage device (3) and the heat storage device (4). The light energy conversion device (1) is used to convert solar energy into electric energy and store it in the small power storage device (2) and the large power storage device (3). The small power storage device (2) is used to provide a working voltage for the electric heating device (5). The large power storage device (3) is used to provide a working voltage for a heating cable. The electric heating device (5) is used to provide a heat source for the air in the air insulation chamber (7) and the air circulation module. The heat storage device (4) is used to store heat.

3. The cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A heat storage and heat dissipation plate (18) is also provided in the heat storage device (4), and the heat storage and heat dissipation plate (18) is used to adjust the heat release rate in the heat storage device.

4. The cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The temperature monitoring module comprises a temperature data processor, a first temperature measuring device (19) and a second temperature measuring device (20), wherein the first temperature measuring device (19) is used to collect the temperature of the air in the air insulation chamber (7), and the second temperature measuring device (20) is used to collect the ambient temperature inside the tunnel, and the temperature data processor is used to process the data collected by the first temperature measuring device (19) and the second temperature measuring device (20).

5. The cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The air circulation module comprises a hot air transmission component (13) and a cold air transmission component (14); the hot air transmission component (13) comprises a hot air delivery pipe (36); the hot air delivery pipe (36) is provided with a hot air inlet high-pressure air pump (9), a first auxiliary circulation component (10), a first valve (15) and a plurality of nozzles (37); the electric heating device (5) is connected to the air insulation chamber (7) through the hot air delivery pipe (36); the nozzle (37) is used to spray the hot air in the hot air delivery pipe (36) into the top of the air insulation chamber (7); the first auxiliary circulation component (10) is used to strengthen the circulation of air in the hot air delivery pipe (36); the hot air inlet high-pressure air pump (9) is used to deliver the hot air in the heat storage device (4) to the hot air delivery pipe (36); and the first valve (15) is used to control the on-off of the hot air delivery pipe (36); The cold air transmission component (14) comprises a cold air return pipe (38), and the cold air return pipe (38) is provided with a cold air outlet high-pressure air pump (12), a second auxiliary circulation component (11), a third valve (17) and a plurality of suction heads (39). The air insulation chamber (7) is connected to the electric heating device (5) and the heat storage device (4) through the cold air return pipe (38). The suction head (39) is used to suck the cold air at the bottom of the air insulation chamber (7) into the cold air return pipe (38). The second auxiliary circulation component (11) is used to strengthen the circulation of air in the cold air return pipe (38). The cold air outlet high-pressure air pump (12) is used to transport the cold air in the cold air return pipe (38) to the heat storage device (4). The third valve (17) is used to control the on-off of the cold air return pipe (38). The pipeline connecting the heat storage device (4) and the electric heating device (5) is provided with a second valve (16), and the second valve (16) is used to open and close the hot air flowing from the heat storage device (4) to the electric heating device (5).

6. The cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The first auxiliary circulation component (10) comprises at least one auxiliary high-pressure air pump (34) and at least two air pump connecting pipes (35); the second auxiliary circulation component (11) has the same structure as the first auxiliary circulation component (10); the first high-pressure air pump (34) is arranged inside the wall-insulating layer (8) and outside the tunnel construction limit; the auxiliary high-pressure air pump (34) is connected to a hot air delivery pipe (36) or a cold air return pipe (38) arranged in the air insulation chamber (7) through an air pump connecting pipe (35).

7. The cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drainage and antifreeze module comprises an inverted arch backfill (26) and a longitudinal drainage blind pipe (33). A first drainage pipe (27), a second drainage pipe (28), a third drainage pipe (29) and a fourth drainage pipe (32) are arranged in the inverted arch backfill (26). The first drainage pipe (27) and the second drainage pipe (28) are located on both sides of the inverted arch backfill (26). The first drainage pipe (27) and the second drainage pipe (28) are connected to the third drainage pipe (29) through the fourth drainage pipe (32). A heating cable (30) is arranged in the first drainage pipe (27), the second drainage pipe (28) and the third drainage pipe (29). The longitudinal drainage blind pipe (33) is connected to the first drainage pipe (27) and the second drainage pipe (28). The longitudinal drainage blind pipe (33) is used to collect water inside the surrounding rock.

8. The cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The first drainage pipe (27) comprises a pipeline insulation layer (40) and a plurality of heating cables (30); a pipeline drainage pipe (42) is arranged in the pipeline insulation layer (40); a pipeline air layer (41) is formed between the pipeline insulation layer (40) and the pipeline drainage pipe (42); a plurality of insulation frames (44) are sleeved on the pipeline drainage pipe (42); a plurality of reserved channels (43) are arranged on the insulation frames (44); the heating cables (30) pass through the reserved channels (43); and the second drainage pipe (28), the third drainage pipe (29) and the fourth drainage pipe (32) have the same structure as the first drainage pipe (27).

9. The cold region tunnel energy-saving, heat preservation and antifreeze system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The energy storage heating module further comprises a third temperature measuring device (21), a second data processor (24), a second controller (25), a first data processor (22) and a first heating controller (23), wherein the third temperature measuring device (21) is used to detect the temperature of the air in the heat storage device (4), the second data processor (24) is used to receive and process the temperature data detected by the third temperature measuring device (21), and make a temperature adjustment decision based on the data, the first heating controller (23) is used to control the opening and closing of the heating cable (30), and adjust the working state of the heating cable (30) according to system requirements, the first data processor (22) is used to receive and process the temperature data of the inside of the air layer and the inner surface of the insulation layer, and the second controller (25) is used to control the opening and closing of the electric heating device.

10. A control method for energy-saving, heat-insulating and antifreeze system in cold-region tunnels, characterized in that: include: When the temperature detection module detects that the temperature of the air in the air insulation chamber (7) is lower than 0° C., the electric heating device (5), the air circulation module, and the heat storage and heat dissipation plate (18) in the heat storage device (4) start to work; When the temperature monitoring module detects that the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, the heating cable in the drainage antifreeze module is turned on; When the temperature monitoring module detects that the ambient temperature is higher than 0°C, the electric heating device (5), the air circulation module, the heat storage and heat dissipation plate (18) in the heat storage device (4), and the heating cable in the drainage and antifreeze module stop working, the heat storage device (4) stores heat normally, and the drainage function of the drainage and antifreeze module operates normally.

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