Nuclear storage and supply integrated method and system based on pressurized water reactor and fused salt heat storage

Abstract

The invention discloses a nuclear storage and supply integrated method and system based on a pressurized water reactor and fused salt heat storage. The method comprises the following steps that steam is provided for a steam turbine device through nuclear energy of a reactor device; power is generated through the steam turbine device; heat is provided for the fused salt heat storage device through the steam turbine device, and heat is stored and provided through fused salt in the fused salt heat storage device. A nuclear power'machine '(steam turbine device) side is coupled with the fused salt heat storage device to form a nuclear storage and supply integrated system, that is, flexible connection is added between nuclear power and a user, so that decoupling of a nuclear power reactor device and the steam turbine device is realized, a flexible nuclear energy concept is realized, and the system can be applied to peak regulation, large-scale heating and steam supply scenes; the requirements for nuclear power peak regulation and nuclear energy comprehensive utilization are met through the fused salt heat storage device, the reactor power can not be adjusted frequently, potential safety hazards caused by frequent reactor power adjustment are avoided, and the nuclear power safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, and specifically relates to a nuclear storage and supply integration method and system based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage. Background Art

[0002] Under the dual carbon goals, a new power system with clean energy as the main body is taking shape, and nuclear power as a clean energy has ushered in a great opportunity for development. The "Hualong One", a national heavy weapon independently developed by my country, has entered a period of mass construction. In addition to providing large-scale green electricity, nuclear energy can also provide "heat, steam, cold, and water" through nuclear energy comprehensive utilization technologies including nuclear heating, nuclear steam supply, nuclear seawater desalination, and nuclear hydrogen production, providing "nuclear power" to give full play to the role of clean energy and reduce carbon emissions; with the increasing proportion of wind and light in the new power system, due to the volatility and instability of wind and light, other stable power sources such as thermal power and nuclear power have to bear the heavy responsibility of peak regulation. Therefore, nuclear power also faces the problem of peak regulation. The technical means to solve this problem is mainly to reduce the reactor power, which will bring about safety and economic impacts such as fuel loss, reduced life of main equipment, and increased radioactive waste liquid. At present, domestic nuclear power owners rarely use this technical means to regulate the peak, but generally adopt policy means of purchasing ancillary service markets to solve it. However, on the power supply side, as the proportion of unstable power sources increases in the future, the "flexibility" requirements for nuclear power are getting higher and higher. If the auxiliary service market is still used, the cost will increase greatly, so new technical means are urgently needed to solve it. With the vigorous development of new energy storage technologies in the non-nuclear field, the coupling of nuclear power and new energy storage technologies provides a new solution to the above problems. Through the integrated development of nuclear storage, the reactor power does not need to be reduced. The use of energy storage can both ensure safety and improve economic efficiency.

[0003] New energy storage technologies mainly include mechanical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage, chemical energy storage and thermal energy storage. There are endless technical means, and each technology is applied to certain specific application scenarios due to its own parameter characteristics. Since nuclear power itself has absolute requirements for safety and most of them are large units of one million kilowatts, the energy storage technology used in nuclear power should have high technical maturity, safety, reliability, large capacity (hundreds of megawatts) and other characteristics. At present, the energy storage technologies with the above characteristics mainly include molten salt heat storage, electrochemical energy storage, hydrogen energy storage and compressed air energy storage. Among them, molten salt heat storage has been widely used in projects such as solar thermal power stations and thermal power flexibility transformation, and the operating experience feedback is good.

[0004] In recent years, the national and local governments have introduced policies such as nuclear power steam extraction and energy storage, exploring new energy storage to cooperate with nuclear power peak and frequency regulation and multi-scenario applications. At the same time, the demand for clean heating in northern China is strong, and large-scale traditional energy heat sources are urgently needed to be replaced. With the current abnormal climate and people's demand for a better life, the heating market in the south is gradually expanding; petrochemical, chemical, papermaking, building materials and other industrial steam mostly rely on traditional energy, and the resulting carbon emissions account for a high proportion. It is particularly important to replace traditional energy with nuclear energy to provide large-scale industrial steam. At this stage, many local governments have signed nuclear energy steam supply agreements, and the future steam supply market has broad prospects. Therefore, nuclear power downstream will have a large number of heat users in the future, but heat users also have the characteristics of peak and valley fluctuations. In this case, they face the dual peak regulation and consumption problems of "electricity" and "heat". For industrial steam supply, since the main nuclear power model promoted on a large scale in my country is pressurized water reactors, pressurized water reactors face the problem of limited main steam parameters (280℃ saturated steam) and cannot provide medium pressure and above steam. In response to the above problems, molten salt heat storage, as a good carrier of "electricity" and "heat", can save some of the intermediate energy conversion process, making the nuclear power-molten salt heat storage device more efficient and able to break through the main steam limitation of pressurized water reactors. Therefore, this patent proposes the coupling of nuclear power-molten salt heat storage to form an integrated nuclear storage and supply system. This technology is an important technical means for the future development of nuclear power and is also the core technology proposed by this patent. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a nuclear storage and supply integration method and system based on pressurized water reactors and molten salt heat storage. An innovative nuclear storage and supply integration system based on pressurized water reactor nuclear power and molten salt heat storage technology is proposed, and nuclear power units are coupled with molten salt heat storage technology for use in nuclear energy comprehensive utilization scenarios such as nuclear power peak regulation, nuclear heating, and nuclear steam supply. This solves the problem of user load fluctuations, completes the consumption of "electricity" and "heat", improves the "flexibility" of nuclear power, realizes the concept of flexible nuclear energy, and provides a "nuclear energy solution" for the dual carbon goals.

[0006] The technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is to provide a nuclear storage and supply integration method based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The nuclear energy from the reactor plant provides steam for the steam turbine plant;

[0008] Power generation through steam turbine installations;

[0009] The steam turbine device provides heat to the molten salt heat storage device, and the molten salt in the molten salt heat storage device stores and provides heat.

[0010] Preferably, the step of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through a steam turbine device is specifically as follows:

[0011] The heat source for the molten salt heat storage device is provided by the main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine device.

[0012] Preferably, the step of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through a steam turbine device is specifically as follows:

[0013] The steam turbine device generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0014] Preferably, the step of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through a steam turbine device is specifically as follows:

[0015] The heat source is provided to the molten salt heat storage device by inputting the main steam to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine device;

[0016] The steam turbine device generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0017] Preferably, the step of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through a steam turbine device is specifically as follows:

[0018] First, the main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam of the steam turbine device provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device, and then the steam turbine device generates electricity to further provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0019] The present invention also provides a nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage used in the above method, comprising:

[0020] Reactor installations for providing steam through nuclear energy;

[0021] A steam turbine device connected to the reactor device, the steam turbine device is used for generating electricity;

[0022] The molten salt heat storage device is coupled to the steam turbine device, and the molten salt heat storage device is used to store heat through molten salt and provide heat.

[0023] Preferably, the molten salt heating component is connected to the input pipeline of the steam turbine device, and the main steam input to the steam turbine device provides a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device; and / or,

[0024] The molten salt heating component is connected to the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine device, and the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder provides a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0025] Preferably, the molten salt heating component is connected to the generator of the steam turbine device, and the generator generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0026] Preferably, the molten salt heat storage device comprises: a molten salt heating component, a first molten salt pump, a first molten salt tank, a molten salt-steam generating component, a second molten salt pump, and a second molten salt tank.

[0027] The molten salt heating component is connected to the steam turbine device, the first molten salt tank is connected to the molten salt heating component, the molten salt-steam generating component is connected to the first molten salt tank, and the first molten salt pump is arranged on the connecting pipe between the molten salt-steam generating component and the first molten salt tank.

[0028] The second molten salt tank is connected to the molten salt-steam generating assembly, the molten salt heating assembly is connected to the second molten salt tank, the second molten salt pump is arranged on the connecting pipe between the molten salt heating assembly and the second molten salt tank, and the cold source is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-steam generating assembly.

[0029] Preferably, the molten salt heating component includes a steam-molten salt heating component and an electric heating molten salt component, the steam-molten salt heating component is connected to the second molten salt tank, the electric heating molten salt component is connected to the steam-molten salt heating component, the first molten salt tank is connected to the electric heating molten salt component, the steam-molten salt heating component is connected to the input pipeline of the steam turbine device and / or the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine device, and the main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam provide a heat source for the steam-molten salt heating component.

[0030] The electrically heated molten salt component is connected to a generator of a steam turbine device, and the generator generates electricity to provide a heat source for the electrically heated molten salt component.

[0031] Preferably, the molten salt-steam generating assembly comprises a molten salt-water preheater, a molten salt-steam generator, and a molten salt-steam superheater.

[0032] The molten salt-water preheater is connected to the second molten salt tank, the molten salt-steam generator is connected to the molten salt-water preheater, the molten salt-steam superheater is connected to the molten salt-steam generator, and the molten salt-steam superheater is connected to the first molten salt tank. A cold source is introduced into the molten salt-water preheater, and the cold source absorbs heat through the molten salt-water preheater, the molten salt-steam generator, and the molten salt-steam superheater in sequence and is converted into steam.

[0033] Preferably, the cold source absorbs heat in a molten salt-water preheater, a molten salt-steam generator, and a molten salt-steam superheater and is converted into steam, which is then used for external heat supply or introduced into the thermal system on the turbine device side.

[0034] Preferably, the reactor device comprises: a nuclear reactor and a steam generator, and the nuclear reactor is connected to the steam generator.

[0035] Preferably, the steam turbine device comprises: a high-pressure cylinder, a low-pressure cylinder, a generator, a high-pressure heater, a low-pressure heater, and a condenser.

[0036] The high-pressure cylinder is connected to the reactor device, the low-pressure cylinder is connected to the high-pressure cylinder, the condenser is connected to the low-pressure cylinder, the low-pressure heater is connected to the low-pressure cylinder, the low-pressure heater is connected to the condenser, the high-pressure heater is connected to the low-pressure heater, the generator is connected to the low-pressure cylinder, the high-pressure heater is connected to the high-pressure cylinder, and the high-pressure heater is connected to the reactor device.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the integrated nuclear storage and supply method and system based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage in the present invention:

[0038] 1. The present invention couples the nuclear power "machine" (steam turbine device) side with the molten salt heat storage device to form a nuclear storage and supply integrated system, which is equivalent to adding a "flexible" connection between nuclear power and users, thereby realizing the decoupling of the nuclear power "reactor" (reactor device) and "machine" (steam turbine device), realizing the concept of flexible nuclear energy, and can be applied to peak load regulation, large-scale heating and steam supply scenarios;

[0039] 2. The molten salt heat storage device can be used to meet the needs of nuclear power peak regulation and comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, so that the reactor power can be adjusted less frequently, avoiding the safety hazards caused by frequent adjustment of the reactor power and improving the safety of nuclear power;

[0040] 3. The present invention provides an effective technical means for achieving "deep peak regulation" of nuclear power. It achieves "deep peak regulation" of nuclear power by allocating storage scale of less than 50% of the capacity of nuclear power units. Compared with the path of configuring ultra-large-scale energy storage to achieve deep peak regulation, this method saves energy storage costs and is more economical. In addition, ultra-large-scale energy storage brings difficulties to consumption. Therefore, this technical means is more competitive and feasible.

[0041] 4. The nuclear storage and supply integration system solves the peak load on the premise of ensuring the safety of nuclear power, reduces the expenditure in the auxiliary service market, and can provide additional energy demand for users to increase revenue. In addition, it can also achieve "deep peak load regulation" of nuclear power, earn auxiliary service fees and increase power generation, thereby improving economic efficiency;

[0042] 5. The nuclear storage and supply integrated system technology proposed in this invention is advanced, cleverly utilizing the advantages of molten salt heat storage characteristics and adopting a variety of coupling technical means, which can simultaneously and effectively solve the multiple consumption problems of "electricity" and "heat" faced by nuclear power peak regulation and comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy;

[0043] 6. The nuclear storage and supply integrated system technology proposed in this invention is universal and can be applied not only to pressurized water reactors such as the large "Hualong One" and the small "Linglong One", but also to other nuclear power reactor types such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and fast reactors;

[0044] 7. The molten salt heat storage device in the invention selects molten salt with low melting point (close to 100°C) and wide temperature range (decomposition temperature ≥ 650°C). When the heat source temperature required by the user is not high, it can be heated by extracting main steam or high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam, which provides a variety of technical means for molten salt heating. At the same time, due to the low melting point of molten salt, the heating demand of molten salt pipeline is low, which greatly reduces the operating cost and effectively prevents the problem of pipeline freezing and blockage, thereby improving the economy and safety of the molten salt heat storage device;

[0045] 8. This invention innovatively proposes a nuclear energy steam supply technology solution based on a pressurized water reactor, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this technology breaks through the problem of limited main steam parameters of pressurized water reactors (280℃ saturated steam). It does not need to rely on high-temperature reactors or other traditional energy sources. It uses molten salt heating to increase the heat source temperature. It can be expanded to the supply of medium-pressure and above industrial steam required in the fields of papermaking, petrochemicals, and chemicals.

[0046] 9. The nuclear storage and supply integrated system technology proposed in this invention organically couples nuclear power and molten salt heat storage, and uses system integration and control technology to flexibly and efficiently provide "electricity, heat, steam, cooling, and water" according to user energy needs, forming a comprehensive smart energy system based on nuclear energy. It can effectively improve the overall efficiency of nuclear power plants and contribute greater nuclear power to achieving the dual carbon goals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0052] In the figure: 1-nuclear reactor; 2-steam generator; 3-high-pressure cylinder; 4-low-pressure cylinder; 5-generator; 6-condenser; 7-low-pressure heater; 8-high-pressure heater; 9-molten salt heating assembly; 91-steam-molten salt heating assembly; 92-electric heating molten salt assembly; 101-first molten salt pump; 102-second molten salt pump; 111-first molten salt tank; 112-second molten salt tank; 12-molten salt-steam generating assembly; 121-molten salt-water preheater; 122-molten salt-steam generator; 123-molten salt-steam superheater. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0055] In the description of this patent, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this patent and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this patent.

[0056] In the description of this patent, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected or set, or it can be detachably connected or set, or connected or set in one piece. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this patent can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] This embodiment provides a nuclear storage and supply integration method based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage, comprising the following steps:

[0059] The nuclear energy from the reactor plant provides steam for the steam turbine plant;

[0060] Power generation through steam turbine installations;

[0061] The steam turbine device provides heat to the molten salt heat storage device, and the molten salt in the molten salt heat storage device stores and provides heat.

[0062] The present invention also provides a nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage used in the above method, comprising:

[0063] Reactor installations for providing steam through nuclear energy;

[0064] A steam turbine device connected to the reactor device, the steam turbine device is used for generating electricity;

[0065] The molten salt heat storage device is coupled to the steam turbine device, and the molten salt heat storage device is used to store heat through molten salt and provide heat.

[0066] Beneficial effects of the integrated nuclear storage and supply method and system based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage in the present invention:

[0067] The present invention couples the nuclear power "machine" (steam turbine device) side with the molten salt heat storage device to form a nuclear storage and supply integrated system, which is equivalent to adding a "flexible" connection between nuclear power and users, thereby realizing the decoupling of the nuclear power "reactor" (reactor device) and "machine" (steam turbine device), realizing the concept of flexible nuclear energy, and can be applied to peak load regulation, large-scale heating and steam supply scenarios;

[0068] By using molten salt heat storage devices to meet the needs of nuclear power peak regulation and comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, the reactor power can be adjusted less frequently, avoiding the safety hazards caused by frequent adjustment of reactor power and improving the safety of nuclear power.

[0069] The present invention provides an effective technical means for achieving "deep peak regulation" of nuclear power, and achieves nuclear power "deep peak regulation" by configuring a storage scale of less than 50% of the capacity of the nuclear power unit. Compared with the path of configuring ultra-large-scale energy storage to achieve deep peak regulation, this method saves energy storage costs and is more economical. In addition, ultra-large-scale energy storage brings difficulties to consumption, so this technical means is more competitive and feasible.

[0070] The integrated nuclear storage and supply system solves the peak load problem and reduces the expenditure in the auxiliary service market while ensuring the safety of nuclear power. At the same time, it can provide additional energy needs of users and increase profits. In addition, it can also achieve "deep peak load regulation" of nuclear power, earn auxiliary service fees and increase power generation, thereby improving economic efficiency.

[0071] The nuclear storage and supply integrated system technology proposed in this invention is universal and can be applied not only to pressurized water reactors such as the large "Hualong One" and the small "Linglong One", but also to other types of nuclear power reactors, such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and fast reactors.

[0072] The nuclear storage and supply integrated system technology proposed in this invention is advanced. It cleverly utilizes the advantages of molten salt heat storage characteristics and adopts a variety of coupling technical means. It can simultaneously and effectively solve the multiple consumption problems of "electricity" and "heat" faced by nuclear power peak regulation and comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This embodiment provides a nuclear storage and supply integration method based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage, comprising the following steps:

[0075] The nuclear energy from the reactor plant provides steam for the steam turbine plant;

[0076] Power generation through steam turbine installations;

[0077] The steam turbine device provides heat to the molten salt heat storage device, and the molten salt in the molten salt heat storage device stores and provides heat.

[0078] Preferably, the step of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through a steam turbine device is specifically as follows:

[0079] The main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine device provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0080] Preferably, the step of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through a steam turbine device is specifically as follows:

[0081] The steam turbine device generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0082] Preferably, the step of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through a steam turbine device is specifically as follows:

[0083] The main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine device provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device;

[0084] The steam turbine device generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0085] Preferably, the step of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through a steam turbine device is specifically as follows:

[0086] First, the main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine device provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device, and then the steam turbine device generates electricity to further provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

[0087] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention also provides a nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage used in the above method, comprising:

[0088] Reactor installations for providing steam through nuclear energy;

[0089] A steam turbine device connected to the reactor device, the steam turbine device is used for generating electricity;

[0090] like Figure 1 As shown, a molten salt heat storage device is coupled to a steam turbine device, and the molten salt heat storage device is used to store heat through molten salt and provide heat.

[0091] like Figure 2 As shown, preferably, the molten salt heating component 9 is connected to the input pipeline of the steam turbine device, and the main steam input to the steam turbine device provides a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device; and / or,

[0092] The molten salt heating component 9 is connected to the high-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine device, and the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder 3 provides a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device. Specifically, Figure 2 The cold source is desalinated seawater, which is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-steam generating assembly 12 and used for external heat supply. The main steam and high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam are heat-exchanged through the steam-molten salt heating assembly 91 and enter the machine-side thermal system.

[0093] like Figure 3 As shown, preferably, the molten salt heating component 9 is connected to the generator 5 of the steam turbine device, and the generator 5 generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device. Specifically, Figure 3 The cold source is desalinated seawater, which is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-steam generating component 12 and is used for external heating.

[0094] Preferably, the molten salt heat storage device comprises: a molten salt heating component 9, a first molten salt pump 101, a first molten salt tank 111 (hot), a molten salt-steam generating component 12, a second molten salt pump 102, and a second molten salt tank 112 (cold).

[0095] The molten salt heating component 9 is connected to the steam turbine device, the first molten salt tank 111 is connected to the molten salt heating component 9, the molten salt-steam generating component 12 is connected to the first molten salt tank 111, and the first molten salt pump 101 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the molten salt-steam generating component 12 and the first molten salt tank 111.

[0096] The second molten salt tank 112 is connected to the molten salt-steam generating assembly 12, the molten salt heating assembly 9 is connected to the second molten salt tank 112, and the second molten salt pump 102 is arranged on the connecting pipe between the molten salt heating assembly 9 and the second molten salt tank 112. The cold source is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-steam generating assembly 12.

[0097] like Figure 4 , 5As shown, preferably, the molten salt heating component 9 includes a steam-molten salt heating component 91 and an electric heating molten salt component 92, the steam-molten salt heating component 91 is connected to the second molten salt tank 112, the electric heating molten salt component 92 is connected to the steam-molten salt heating component 91, the first molten salt tank 111 is connected to the electric heating molten salt component 92, the steam-molten salt heating component 91 is connected to the input pipeline of the steam turbine device and / or the high-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine device, and the main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder 3 provide a heat source for the steam-molten salt heating component 9,

[0098] The electrically heated molten salt component 92 is connected to the generator 5 of the steam turbine device, and the generator 5 generates electricity to provide a heat source for the electrically heated molten salt component 92 .

[0099] Specifically, Figure 4 The cold source is desalinated seawater, which is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-steam generating assembly 12 and used for external heat supply. The main steam and high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam are heat-exchanged through the steam-molten salt heating assembly 91 and enter the machine-side thermal system.

[0100] Figure 5 The cold source is desalinated seawater, which is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-steam generating assembly 12 and returns to the machine side thermal system. The main steam and high pressure cylinder exhaust steam enter the machine side thermal system after heat exchange through the steam-molten salt heating assembly 91.

[0101] like Figure 4 As shown, preferably, the molten salt-steam generating assembly 12 includes a molten salt-water preheater 121, a molten salt-steam generator 122, and a molten salt-steam superheater 123.

[0102] The molten salt-water preheater 121 is connected to the second molten salt tank 112, the molten salt-steam generator 122 is connected to the molten salt-water preheater 121, the molten salt-steam superheater 123 is connected to the molten salt-steam generator 122, and the molten salt-steam superheater 123 is connected to the first molten salt tank 111. A cold source is introduced into the molten salt-water preheater 121, and the cold source absorbs heat through the molten salt-water preheater 121, the molten salt-steam generator 122, and the molten salt-steam superheater 123 in sequence and is converted into steam.

[0103] like Figure 5 As shown, preferably, the cold source is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-water preheater 121, the molten salt-steam generator 122, and the molten salt-steam superheater 123 in sequence, and then returns to the thermal system on the turbine device side.

[0104] Preferably, the reactor device comprises: a nuclear reactor 1 and a steam generator 2 , and the nuclear reactor 1 is connected to the steam generator 2 .

[0105] Preferably, the steam turbine device comprises: a high-pressure cylinder 3, a low-pressure cylinder 4, a generator 5, a high-pressure heater 8, a low-pressure heater 7, and a condenser 6.

[0106] The high-pressure cylinder 3 is connected to the reactor device, the low-pressure cylinder 4 is connected to the high-pressure cylinder 3, the condenser 6 is connected to the low-pressure cylinder 4, the low-pressure heater 7 is connected to the low-pressure cylinder 4, the low-pressure heater 7 is connected to the condenser 6, the high-pressure heater 8 is connected to the low-pressure heater 7, the generator 5 is connected to the low-pressure cylinder 4, the high-pressure heater 8 is connected to the high-pressure cylinder 3, and the high-pressure heater 8 is connected to the reactor device.

[0107] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pressurized water reactor nuclear power unit is coupled with the molten salt heat storage technology to realize the expansion of nuclear energy from "single power generation" to the coordinated supply of multiple energy types of "electricity, heat, steam, cold, and water". By coupling the mature large-scale pressurized water reactor unit with the safe, reliable, and large-scale molten salt heat storage technology, a nuclear storage and supply integrated system is formed, the "reactor" and "machine" are decoupled, and "electricity, heat, steam, cold, and water" can be flexibly supplied according to the needs of the user end, providing a "nuclear energy solution" for the "source-grid-load-storage" type integrated energy system and the new power system.

[0108] Specifically, the nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage used in the above method in this embodiment is as follows:

[0109] 1. The nuclear storage and supply integrated system consists of a nuclear power unit and a molten salt heat storage device. The nuclear power unit mainly includes two parts: the "reactor" (reactor device) and the "machine" (turbine device). The molten salt heat storage device mainly includes three parts: a molten salt heating component, a molten salt heat storage component and a molten salt-steam generating component. The molten salt heat storage component includes a first molten salt tank and a second molten salt tank. The nuclear power unit is coupled with the molten salt heat storage device through the "machine" side, such as Figure 1 As shown, the decoupling of the "reactor" and "machine" of the nuclear power unit is achieved. Decoupling means that the reactor does not need to adjust the power according to the power demand, but meets the variable load demand through the coupled molten salt heat storage device;

[0110] 2. The capacity of the molten salt heat storage device is determined by the peak-shaving demand of nuclear power, the range of user load changes and the operating mode. It is generally 5% to 50% of the capacity of a million-kilowatt nuclear power unit. The heat storage capacity is generally between 50MW and 600MW. The energy storage duration is selected according to the energy fluctuation demand of downstream users of nuclear power, which is generally between 2h and 10h.

[0111] 3. The molten salt in the molten salt heat storage device coupled with nuclear power shall preferably adopt a new type of molten salt with low melting point and wide temperature range. The melting point of the salt should be as low as close to 100°C, the decomposition temperature should be ≥650°C, and it should have low corrosiveness and high stability. The amount of molten salt is determined by the heat storage capacity and the characteristics of the selected molten salt. The specific amount should be determined by the optimization of the system solution and operation strategy;

[0112] 4. The molten salt heating components include steam heating, electric heating, and steam and electric combined heating. Limited by the parameters of the main steam of the pressurized water reactor (280°C saturated steam), the steam heating method is used for heat source scenarios below 280°C, mainly including nuclear energy heating, low-pressure industrial steam supply, absorption refrigeration, and thermal seawater desalination. The electric heating method can increase the molten salt heat storage temperature to nearly 650°C, greatly increasing the heat source temperature, and can be expanded to medium-pressure and above industrial steam supply. The specific heating method should be selected in an economical and reasonable manner in combination with the status of the nuclear power plant and user needs;

[0113] 5. Steam heating adopts steam extraction through steam-molten salt heat exchange heating. The extractable steam includes main steam (280℃) and high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam (180℃). Figure 2 As shown, the main steam-molten salt heat exchange can be applied to nuclear energy heating, low-pressure industrial steam supply, absorption refrigeration, and thermal seawater desalination. The high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam-molten salt heat exchange can be applied to nuclear energy heating, absorption refrigeration, and thermal seawater desalination. The steam extraction position is selected according to the above application scenarios, and the steam extraction amount is reasonably determined by the turbine characteristics, user load and system solution.

[0114] 6. The electric heating method uses electricity generated by the nuclear power plant's steam turbine generator for heating. The electric heating molten salt component selects an immersed high-voltage flexible molten salt electric heater, such as Figure 3 As shown, the electric heating method can be applied to the supply of medium and low pressure industrial steam. This technical solution provides a nuclear energy steam supply method based on a pressurized water reactor, which can meet the steam requirements of the industry without the help of a high-temperature reactor or other traditional energy sources. It is suitable for direct use in industrial steam supply. The temperature and pressure of the external steam supply are determined according to user needs, transportation distance and road conditions along the way, and the steam supply is carried out by appropriately increasing the superheat of the external steam supply and using low-energy consumption long-distance transportation technology.

[0115] 7. The steam and electricity combined heating method uses extraction steam (steam) and electricity generated by the nuclear power plant turbine generator for mixed heating. The molten salt is first heated by extraction steam and then further heated by electricity. Figure 4 As shown, the steam and electricity combined heating method can be applied to all the above application scenarios;

[0116] 8. The molten salt heat storage component is mainly composed of molten salt tanks. When the user's heat load is large, a hot salt tank and a cold salt tank are used for double or multiple tanks in parallel circulation storage. When the user's heat load is small (tens of megawatts) and the heat source temperature is not high (about 100°C), a single tank inclined temperature layer heat storage technology can be used for small-scale nuclear heating, absorption refrigeration and thermal seawater desalination;

[0117] 9. The molten salt-steam generating assembly is mainly composed of a molten salt-water heat exchanger and a molten salt-steam heat exchanger. For applications where the heat source temperature is not high and the application is not industrial steam supply, the molten salt-steam generating assembly can be simply configured with a molten salt-water heat exchanger and a molten salt-steam heat exchanger. Figure 2 As shown, in industrial steam supply, molten salt-water preheater, molten salt-steam generator and molten salt-steam superheater are required, such as Figure 3 or Figure 4 As shown;

[0118] 10. The steam generated by the molten salt-steam generating assembly can be used as a heat source for nuclear heating, absorption refrigeration, and thermal desalination of seawater. It can also be used as an external steam supply to directly supply steam required by industry. In addition, when the nuclear power plant is running at reduced power, the reactor power is kept unchanged. When deep peak regulation is required, the load of deep peak regulation is stored through the molten salt heat storage device. When the user load peaks, the steam generated by the molten salt-steam generating assembly is returned to the "machine" side. Figure 5 As shown, the working capacity of nuclear power units is increased to increase power generation, while achieving "deep peak regulation" of nuclear power. This technical solution provides a means for nuclear power to participate in deep peak regulation;

[0119] 11. The molten salt heat storage device adopts system integration and control technology. This operation control technology can accurately adjust the frequent variable load operation of the heat storage device to match the needs of a single heat source or multiple heat sources in nuclear heating, industrial steam supply, absorption refrigeration, and thermal seawater desalination, thereby building a comprehensive smart energy system based on nuclear energy. The system can operate flexibly and efficiently according to the user's energy needs, providing "electricity, heat, steam, cooling, and water", and fully improving the overall efficiency of the nuclear power plant.

[0120] Beneficial effects of the integrated nuclear storage and supply method and system based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage in the present invention:

[0121] 1. The present invention couples the nuclear power "machine" (steam turbine device) side with the molten salt heat storage device to form a nuclear storage and supply integrated system, which is equivalent to adding a "flexible" connection between nuclear power and users, thereby realizing the decoupling of the nuclear power "reactor" (reactor device) and "machine" (steam turbine device), realizing the concept of flexible nuclear energy, and can be applied to peak load regulation, large-scale heating and steam supply scenarios;

[0122] 2. The molten salt heat storage device can be used to meet the needs of nuclear power peak regulation and comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, so that the reactor power can be adjusted less frequently, avoiding the safety hazards caused by frequent adjustment of the reactor power and improving the safety of nuclear power;

[0123] 3. The present invention provides an effective technical means for achieving "deep peak regulation" of nuclear power. It achieves "deep peak regulation" of nuclear power by allocating storage scale of less than 50% of the capacity of nuclear power units. Compared with the path of configuring ultra-large-scale energy storage to achieve deep peak regulation, this method saves energy storage costs and is more economical. In addition, ultra-large-scale energy storage brings difficulties to consumption. Therefore, this technical means is more competitive and feasible.

[0124] 4. The nuclear storage and supply integration system solves the peak load on the premise of ensuring the safety of nuclear power, reduces the expenditure in the auxiliary service market, and can provide additional energy demand for users to increase revenue. In addition, it can also achieve "deep peak load regulation" of nuclear power, earn auxiliary service fees and increase power generation, thereby improving economic efficiency;

[0125] 5. The nuclear storage and supply integrated system technology proposed in this invention is advanced, cleverly utilizing the advantages of molten salt heat storage characteristics and adopting a variety of coupling technical means, which can simultaneously and effectively solve the multiple consumption problems of "electricity" and "heat" faced by nuclear power peak regulation and comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy;

[0126] 6. The nuclear storage and supply integrated system technology proposed in this invention is universal and can be applied not only to pressurized water reactors such as the large "Hualong One" and the small "Linglong One", but also to other nuclear power reactor types such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and fast reactors;

[0127] 7. The molten salt heat storage device in the invention selects molten salt with low melting point (close to 100°C) and wide temperature range (decomposition temperature ≥ 650°C). When the heat source temperature required by the user is not high, it can be heated by extracting main steam or high-pressure cylinder exhaust steam, which provides a variety of technical means for molten salt heating. At the same time, due to the low melting point of molten salt, the heating demand of molten salt pipeline is low, which greatly reduces the operating cost and effectively prevents the problem of pipeline freezing and blockage, thereby improving the economy and safety of the molten salt heat storage device;

[0128] 8. This invention innovatively proposes a nuclear energy steam supply technology solution based on a pressurized water reactor, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this technology breaks through the problem of limited main steam parameters of pressurized water reactors (280℃ saturated steam). It does not need to rely on high-temperature reactors or other traditional energy sources. It uses molten salt heating to increase the heat source temperature. It can be expanded to the supply of medium-pressure and above industrial steam required in the fields of papermaking, petrochemicals, and chemicals.

[0129] 9. The nuclear storage and supply integrated system technology proposed in this invention organically couples nuclear power and molten salt heat storage, and uses system integration and control technology to flexibly and efficiently provide "electricity, heat, steam, cooling, and water" according to user energy needs, forming a comprehensive smart energy system based on nuclear energy. It can effectively improve the overall efficiency of nuclear power plants and contribute greater nuclear power to achieving the dual carbon goals.

[0130] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nuclear storage and supply integration method based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The nuclear energy from the reactor plant provides steam for the steam turbine plant; Power generation through steam turbine installations; The steam turbine device provides heat to the molten salt heat storage device, and the molten salt in the molten salt heat storage device stores and provides heat.

2. The nuclear storage and supply integration method based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through the steam turbine device are specifically as follows: A heat source is provided for the molten salt heat storage device by inputting main steam into the steam turbine device and / or exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder (3) of the steam turbine device.

3. The nuclear storage and supply integration method based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through the steam turbine device are specifically as follows: The steam turbine device generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

4. The nuclear storage and supply integration method based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through the steam turbine device are specifically as follows: The main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder (3) of the steam turbine device are used to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device; The steam turbine device generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

5. The nuclear storage and supply integration method based on pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The steps of providing heat to the molten salt heat storage device through the steam turbine device are specifically as follows: First, the main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder (3) of the steam turbine device provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device, and then the steam turbine device generates electricity to further provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

6. A nuclear storage and supply integrated system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage used in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Reactor installations for providing steam through nuclear energy; A steam turbine device connected to the reactor device, the steam turbine device is used for generating electricity; The molten salt heat storage device is coupled to the steam turbine device, and the molten salt heat storage device is used to store heat through molten salt and provide heat.

7. The integrated nuclear storage and supply system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The molten salt heating component (9) is connected to the input pipeline of the steam turbine device, and the main steam input to the steam turbine device provides a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device; and / or, The molten salt heating component (9) is connected to the high-pressure cylinder (3) of the steam turbine device, and exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder (3) provides a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

8. The integrated nuclear storage and supply system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The molten salt heating component (9) is connected to the generator (5) of the steam turbine device, and the generator (5) generates electricity to provide a heat source for the molten salt heat storage device.

9. The integrated nuclear storage and supply system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The molten salt heat storage device comprises: a molten salt heating component (9), a first molten salt pump (101), a first molten salt tank (111), a molten salt-steam generating component (12), a second molten salt pump (102), and a second molten salt tank (112). The molten salt heating component (9) is connected to the steam turbine device, the first molten salt tank (111) is connected to the molten salt heating component (9), the molten salt-steam generating component (12) is connected to the first molten salt tank (111), and the first molten salt pump (101) is arranged on the connecting pipe between the molten salt-steam generating component (12) and the first molten salt tank (111). The second molten salt tank (112) is connected to the molten salt-steam generating assembly (12), the molten salt heating assembly (9) is connected to the second molten salt tank (112), the second molten salt pump (102) is arranged on the connecting pipe between the molten salt heating assembly (9) and the second molten salt tank (112), and the cold source is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-steam generating assembly (12).

10. The integrated nuclear storage and supply system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The molten salt heating component (9) comprises a steam-molten salt heating component (91) and an electric heating molten salt component (92). The steam-molten salt heating component (91) is connected to the second molten salt tank (112), the electric heating molten salt component (92) is connected to the steam-molten salt heating component (91), the first molten salt tank (111) is connected to the electric heating molten salt component (92), the steam-molten salt heating component (91) is connected to the input pipeline of the steam turbine device and / or the high-pressure cylinder (3) of the steam turbine device, and the main steam input to the steam turbine device and / or the exhaust steam of the high-pressure cylinder (3) provide a heat source for the steam-molten salt heating component (9). The electrically heated molten salt component (92) is connected to the generator (5) of the steam turbine device, and the generator (5) generates electricity to provide a heat source for the electrically heated molten salt component (92).

11. The integrated nuclear storage and supply system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The molten salt-steam generating assembly (12) comprises a molten salt-water preheater (121), a molten salt-steam generator (122), and a molten salt-steam superheater (123). The molten salt-water preheater (121) is connected to the second molten salt tank (112), the molten salt-steam generator (122) is connected to the molten salt-water preheater (121), the molten salt-steam superheater (123) is connected to the molten salt-steam generator (122), the molten salt-steam superheater (123) is connected to the first molten salt tank (111), a cold source is introduced into the molten salt-water preheater (121), and the cold source is converted into steam after absorbing heat through the molten salt-water preheater (121), the molten salt-steam generator (122), and the molten salt-steam superheater (123) in sequence.

12. The integrated nuclear storage and supply system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cold source absorbs heat in the molten salt-water preheater (121), the molten salt-steam generator (122), and the molten salt-steam superheater (123) in sequence and is converted into steam, which is used for external heat supply or is introduced into the thermal system on the turbine device side.

13. The integrated nuclear storage and supply system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to any one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that: The reactor device comprises: a nuclear reactor (1) and a steam generator (2), wherein the nuclear reactor (1) is connected to the steam generator (2).

14. The integrated nuclear storage and supply system based on a pressurized water reactor and molten salt heat storage according to any one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that: The steam turbine device comprises: a high-pressure cylinder (3), a low-pressure cylinder (4), a generator (5), a high-pressure heater (8), a low-pressure heater (7), and a condenser (6). The high-pressure cylinder (3) is connected to the reactor device, the low-pressure cylinder (4) is connected to the high-pressure cylinder (3), the condenser (6) is connected to the low-pressure cylinder (4), the low-pressure heater (7) is connected to the low-pressure cylinder (4), the low-pressure heater (7) is connected to the condenser (6), the high-pressure heater (8) is connected to the low-pressure heater (7), the generator (5) is connected to the low-pressure cylinder (4), the high-pressure heater (8) is connected to the high-pressure cylinder (3), and the high-pressure heater (8) is connected to the reactor device.

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