Broadband high-performance metasurface antenna applied to S wave band and C wave band

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband high-performance metasurface antenna applied to an S wave band and a C wave band. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna comprises a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer which are stacked, a metasurface metal layer is arranged on the surface of one side, opposite to the second dielectric layer, of the first dielectric layer, and a plurality of irregular gaps are formed in the metasurface metal layer; the second dielectric layer is provided with a metal feed strip and a metal ground, and the second dielectric layer is provided with a feed hole penetrating through the second dielectric layer, the metal feed strip and the metal ground. According to the broadband high-performance metasurface antenna applied to the S wave band and the C wave band, irregular gaps are formed in the metasurface metal layer, current paths are increased, more current resonance points are generated, and the antenna bandwidth is widened on a fixed design area, so that the broadband characteristic is generated, the technical problem that the bandwidth of a microstrip antenna is narrow is solved, and the antenna performance is improved. And the method can be successfully applied to a multi-band vehicle-mounted application scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of metasurface antennas, and in particular relates to a broadband high-performance metasurface antenna applied to S-band and C-band. Background Art

[0002] In the smart city system, smart cars that are safe, efficient and convenient are gradually becoming more important in people's travel life. Among them, the unmanned driving function of smart cars depends on four aspects: environmental perception, vehicle communication and data processing, and actuators. In the process of 5G communication accelerating the development of autonomous driving technology, the stable real-time information interaction between vehicles and other devices (such as satellites, other vehicles and infrastructure) is divided into two categories: navigation communication and cellular communication.

[0003] For cellular communications, the vehicle-to-base station (V2B) antenna of the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) antenna in the intelligent transportation system (ITS) generally operates in the S-band (2.92-4.39GHz) and radiates linear polarization (LP) omnidirectional / directional end-fire mode. Therefore, the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) antenna, as the transceiver of electromagnetic waves for smart cars, has become a hot topic in the field of vehicle-to-everything equipment.

[0004] In practical applications, due to the limited space inside the car and the exponential growth in the number of antennas that need to be installed in the car in recent years, both the industry and academia tend to reduce the number of antennas by designing multi-band antennas, thereby saving space and cost. Among them, microstrip antennas are low-cost and easy to process, making them very suitable as vehicle networking antennas. However, the integration of vehicle-mounted antennas is high, which requires microstrip antennas to be able to operate with a wider bandwidth, while ordinary microstrip antennas often have narrow bandwidths. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and design vehicle-mounted microstrip antennas with simple structures, low profiles, and broadband. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems existing in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for use in S-band and C-band, by adding irregular gaps to metasurface units to introduce more current paths, thereby producing broadband characteristics.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a broadband high-performance metasurface antenna applied to S band and C band, comprising a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer stacked;

[0008] A super-surface metal layer is provided on the surface of the first dielectric layer opposite to the second dielectric layer, and a plurality of irregular gaps are formed on the super-surface metal layer;

[0009] A metal feed bar and a metal ground are arranged on the second dielectric layer, and a feed hole penetrating the second dielectric layer, the metal feed bar and the metal ground is arranged on the second dielectric layer.

[0010] A further preferred technical solution of the present invention is that the supersurface metal layer is composed of four L-shaped supersurface metal sheets arranged around the center of the first dielectric layer, and the four L-shaped supersurface metal sheets are centrally symmetrical.

[0011] Preferably, each of the L-shaped metasurface metal sheets is composed of three square unit metal patches, and each unit metal patch is cut into shapes of inconsistent sizes by unequal gaps.

[0012] Preferably, the metal feed strip is arranged on a side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the first dielectric layer; and the metal grounding is arranged on a side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the first dielectric layer.

[0013] Preferably, a solder point hole is provided on a side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the second dielectric layer. The solder point hole is a blind hole and its position corresponds to the feeding hole.

[0014] Preferably, fixing holes are provided at four corners of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, and the two dielectric layers are fixed by studs penetrating into the fixing holes.

[0015] Preferably, the metal grounding covers one side of the second dielectric layer, and a fixing hole for inserting a stud is opened at a corresponding position of the metal grounding, and the stud fixes the metal grounding, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer as a whole.

[0016] Preferably, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both made of high-frequency plate materials with a relative dielectric constant of 3.55 and a loss tangent of 0.0027.

[0017] Preferably, the super-surface metal layer, metal feed bar and metal ground are all made of copper material.

[0018] Preferably, the antenna is manufactured by a printed circuit board process.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for S-band and C-band provided by the present invention adds irregular gaps in the metasurface metal layer, increases the current path on a fixed design area, generates more current resonance points, and broadens the antenna bandwidth, thereby producing broadband characteristics, solving the technical problem of narrow bandwidth of microstrip antennas, and can be successfully applied to multi-band vehicle-mounted application scenarios.

[0020] The present invention can adjust the resonant frequency and matching performance of the antenna by introducing gaps with different spacings, thereby further broadening the applicable scenarios of the antenna.

[0021] The L-shaped probe of the present invention reduces the difficulty of designing the feeding network through coupled feeding, and improves the inductance effect of the coaxial feeding probe, thereby optimizing the input impedance matching; without the need for additional feeding network design, more resonant modes can be excited, greatly reducing the design complexity and responding to the integration requirements of the vehicle-mounted antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of the first dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the lower surface structure of the first dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of the second dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the lower surface structure of the second dielectric layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 Graph showing the mode significance coefficient (MS) of the embodiment of the present invention under mode 1 and mode 2.

[0027] Figure 6 1 and 2 are the mode current distribution diagrams and the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention in mode 1 and mode 2.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient S11 of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 4 is a graph showing simulation results of a gain curve Gain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Fig. 9 This is the radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention at 3.7 GHz.

[0031] Fig.10 This is the radiation pattern of an embodiment of the present invention at 4.3 GHz.

[0032] Among them, 1-fixing hole, 2-first dielectric plate, 3-super-surface metal layer, 4-solder point hole, 5-second dielectric plate, 6-metal feeding bar, 7-feeding hole, 8-metal grounding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms used are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] Example: The following combination Figure 1-Figure 10 The invention describes a broadband high-performance metasurface antenna applied to S-band and C-band.

[0035] The broadband high-performance metasurface antennas applied in S-band and C-band, such as Figure 1 to Figure 4 The figure shows a first dielectric layer 2 and a second dielectric layer 5 placed from top to bottom. The first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 5 are both Rogers RO4003 (tm) high frequency plates, with a length and width of L = 58.5 mm, a relative dielectric constant of 3.55, a loss tangent of 0.0027, and a dielectric substrate thickness of 1.524 mm.

[0036] The upper surface of the first dielectric layer 2 is provided with a supersurface metal layer 3. The supersurface metal layer 3 is composed of four L-shaped supersurface metal sheets arranged around the center of the first dielectric layer 2, and the four L-shaped supersurface metal sheets are symmetrical in center. Each L-shaped supersurface metal sheet is composed of three square unit metal patches (p1*p1, p1=13.75mm), and each unit metal patch is cut into shapes of inconsistent sizes by unequal gaps (Ws=3.6mm, Ls=7mm). The L-shaped supersurface metal sheets are distributed in mirror symmetry up and down and left and right. The interval between the L-shaped supersurface metal sheets is 0.5mm, and the intervals inside the L-shaped supersurface metal sheets are 0.75mm, 1mm, and 0.5mm from the outside to the inside.

[0037] A rectangular metal feed bar 6 is provided on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 5, and a feed hole 7 is provided on the metal feed bar 6. A metal grounding 8 covering the entire lower surface is provided on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 5. The feed hole 7 sequentially penetrates the metal feed bar 6, the second dielectric layer 5 and the metal grounding 8, so as to allow the coaxial core to pass through the second dielectric layer 5 and be connected to the metal feed bar 6 to realize feeding.

[0038] The distance between the feed hole 7 and the narrow side of the metal feed strip 6 is 0.2 mm. The metal feed strip 6 is 18 mm long, 3.5 mm wide and 35 μm thick. The metal connection 8 is 35 μm thick. The metal feed strip 6, the metal connection 8 and the super-surface metal layer 3 are all made of copper.

[0039] A solder point hole 4 is also provided on the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 2. The solder point hole 4 is a blind hole and its position corresponds to the feed hole 7. The purpose is to leave solder space for the feed hole 7 of the second dielectric layer 5. The solder point hole 4 has a diameter of 3 mm and a hole depth of 1 mm.

[0040] Fixing holes 1 are provided at the four corners of the metal ground 8, the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 5. The diameter of the fixing hole 1 is 2 mm and the distance from the edge of the antenna is 1 mm. Nylon studs are inserted into the fixing hole 1 to reinforce the antenna structure.

[0041] This broadband, high-performance metasurface antenna for S-band and C-band is made using printed circuit board technology. The performance is verified below.

[0042] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the mode significance coefficient (MS) curves and the characteristic current and directional diagrams of the corresponding modes of the antenna working in mode 1 (3.7GHz) and mode 2 (4.3GHz) are shown. It can be seen that the current of mode 1 is mainly distributed in the center of the metasurface metal layer 3 and has a consistent phase. From its corresponding directional diagram, it can be seen that this mode almost does not produce side lobes; the current of mode 2 is mainly distributed in the middle two rows of the metasurface metal layer 3 and has a consistent phase. From its corresponding directional diagram, it can be seen that this mode almost does not produce side lobes. The currents of the two modes are orthogonal, so through coaxial feeding, these two end-fire modes with similar frequencies can be used simultaneously to realize a broadband antenna.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown, the reflection coefficient S11 simulation result diagram of the antenna shows that the resonant bandwidth of the antenna is 3.6 GHz to 5.1 GHz (1.5 GHz bandwidth), which indicates that the two resonant points (mode 1-3.7 GHz and mode 2-4.3 GHz) of the present invention form a wider operating frequency band.

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, it is the Gain simulation result diagram of the antenna. The maximum gain of the antenna is 8.1dBi. This metasurface antenna unit achieves stable high gain within the band, which benefits from the effective use of two end-fire modes.

[0045] like Fig. 9 , Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the radiation pattern simulation results of the antenna in mode 1 (3.7GHz) and mode 2 (4.3GHz) are shown. It can be found that the antenna pattern is relatively stable, the difference between the main polarization and the cross polarization is greater than 20dB, and the radiation performance is good.

[0046] In summary, by adding gaps to the specially designed units of the present invention, an antenna design is realized that has the characteristics of broadband, low profile and simple structure. The microwave metasurface antenna can achieve good radiation characteristics in the S band and C band, and can be easily integrated into the vehicle-mounted shark fin antenna.

[0047] The description of "upper" and "lower" in this embodiment is only used to describe the present invention and simplify the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying that a device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to describe the appearance, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for use in S-band and C-band, comprising a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer stacked together; characterized in that: A super-surface metal layer is provided on the surface of the first dielectric layer opposite to the second dielectric layer, and a plurality of irregular gaps are formed on the super-surface metal layer; A metal feed bar and a metal ground are arranged on the second dielectric layer, and a feed hole penetrating the second dielectric layer, the metal feed bar and the metal ground is arranged on the second dielectric layer.

2. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for S-band and C-band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supersurface metal layer is composed of four L-shaped supersurface metal sheets arranged around the center of the first dielectric layer, and the four L-shaped supersurface metal sheets are centrally symmetrical.

3. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for use in S-band and C-band according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the L-shaped metasurface metal sheets is composed of three square unit metal patches, and each unit metal patch is cut into shapes of inconsistent sizes by unequal gaps.

4. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for use in S-band and C-band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal feed strip is arranged on the side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the first dielectric layer; the metal grounding is arranged on the side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the first dielectric layer.

5. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for use in S-band and C-band according to claim 1, characterized in that: A solder point hole is also provided on the first dielectric layer at a side opposite to the second dielectric layer. The solder point hole is a blind hole and its position corresponds to the feeding hole.

6. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for use in S-band and C-band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are provided with fixing holes at four corners, and the two dielectric layers are fixed by studs penetrating into the fixing holes.

7. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for use in S-band and C-band according to claim 6, characterized in that: The metal grounding covers one side of the second dielectric layer, and a fixing hole for inserting a stud is also opened at a corresponding position of the metal grounding. The stud fixes the metal grounding, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer as a whole.

8. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for S-band and C-band according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both made of high-frequency plates, with a relative dielectric constant of 3.55 and a loss tangent of 0.0027.

9. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for S-band and C-band according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The super-surface metal layer, metal feed bar and metal ground are all made of copper material.

10. The broadband high-performance metasurface antenna for S-band and C-band according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The antenna is manufactured by a printed circuit board process.

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