Stone deep cutting step controlled blasting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of civil engineering construction, and discloses a stone deep cutting shallow hole step blasting method which comprises the steps that S1, a site is leveled, and the blasting depth of a first layer and the blasting reserved width of a first layer step after blasting construction are determined; s2, determining a main excavation boundary line position, a blast hole position and a blasting main excavation boundary line; s3, arranging a plurality of blast holes in the first layer by adopting a perforating machine; s4, the arrangement and depth of each blast hole are checked, and explosives are installed in each blast hole; s5, the electronic detonators of the explosives in all the blasting holes are connected through detonating cords to form a blasting network, and the connected blasting network is connected with an electronic detonator exploder; s6, protection and warning are carried out, and millisecond blasting detonation is carried out; the presplitting blasting method is adopted for the slope cutting, adverse effects such as slope vibration in the excavation process of the main blasting area can be effectively avoided, the millisecond one-by-one blasting method is adopted, the millisecond time is gradually increased from inside to outside, the blasting effect is guaranteed, and ground vibration is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of civil engineering construction, in particular to a shallow hole step blasting method for a deep stone cutting. Background Art

[0002] In road construction, mining and other engineering projects, the excavation of deep cuttings often encounters hard rock formations, and blasting technology is usually used to break the rock mass. The traditional full-depth blasting method has a high efficiency due to its large crushing energy and one-time large-area blasting. However, the full-depth blasting method still has the following difficult-to-solve problems:

[0003] First, the energy released by full-depth blasting is concentrated, and the shock wave and vibration of the instantaneous blasting are strong, which can easily have a serious impact on the surrounding environment, especially when close to sensitive areas such as buildings, bridges, and underground pipelines, which may cause structural damage or safety hazards. In addition, the diffusion range of the shock wave is difficult to control accurately, resulting in damage to the rock mass outside the construction area, thereby affecting the stability of the unblasted part; secondly, it is difficult to control flying rocks. The energy released by full-depth blasting can easily cause irregular flying rocks, especially in hard rock mass. Flying rocks will pose a serious threat to surrounding personnel and facilities. The uncontrollability of flying rocks brings great safety hazards to construction; finally, uneven crushing effect is also a common problem of full-depth blasting. Due to the one-time blasting of deep rock mass, some rocks may not be fully crushed, resulting in large pieces of residual rock mass, affecting the subsequent construction efficiency. In some cases, areas where the blasting energy is overly concentrated may be over-crushed, resulting in rock pulverization, increasing the difficulty of subsequent treatment, and even causing problems such as surface subsidence;

[0004] In the process of road construction, it is inevitable to get close to residential areas. These residential areas are not only densely populated, but also have supporting underground pipelines or key public facilities, such as bridges, tunnels, etc., which require strict control of vibration, flying rocks and crushing effects. When carrying out construction in the above scenarios, although the blasting energy of each full-depth blasting can be controlled, for example, multiple blasting can be performed by controlling the energy of each blasting to minimize the impact on the surrounding environment, in order to achieve the corresponding blasting effect, the construction site still needs to be strictly controlled during the blasting process. The follow-up work of cleaning up the debris or blasting waste can only be carried out after each blasting is over, resulting in a longer construction period. Therefore, more refined and controllable blasting technology must be adopted to solve these problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cuttings to solve the above problems. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0006] The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cuttings comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Level the site, determine the blasting depth of the first layer and the reserved width of the first step after blasting, determine the blasting point of the round pile, clean up the scum, and install the drilling machine;

[0008] S2. Determine the position of the main excavation boundary line, the blasting hole position and the blasting main excavation boundary line;

[0009] S3, using a punching machine to arrange several blasting holes on the first layer;

[0010] S4. Check the arrangement and depth of each blasting hole and install explosives in each blasting hole;

[0011] S5, connecting the electronic detonators of the explosives in each blasting hole through a detonating cord to form a blasting network, and connecting the connected blasting network to the electronic detonator initiator;

[0012] S6, lay down blankets for protection and be on alert, and carry out micro-difference blasting and detonation;

[0013] S7. Check the blasting effect and use slag trucks to transport the generated slag or blasting waste;

[0014] S8, repeat S3-7 until the last layer is blasted;

[0015] S9, drilling blasting holes and pre-splitting holes in the first layer of the slope area on the steps reserved in the slope area;

[0016] S10, detonation blasting network;

[0017] S11, earth moving truck, excavator clearing position;

[0018] S12. Repeat the blasting operations of S9-S11 until the last layer.

[0019] Preferably, the road cutting is divided into five layers, each layer is no more than 3 meters deep, the center of the first layer is used to divide the central area, the central area has slope areas on opposite sides, six connected side areas are arranged between the central area and the slope areas, blasting construction starts from the central area of ​​the first layer, and the width of the central area is limited to the work space that can accommodate excavation and transportation machinery.

[0020] Preferably, the number of side regions is gradually reduced from the first layer to the fifth layer, and one side region is reduced from the first layer to the next layer.

[0021] Preferably, with the central area as the center, blasting construction is carried out on the side areas on both sides of the central area from the inside to the outside at the same time, and when one side area is blasted and excavated each time, the next side area is blasted at the same time.

[0022] Preferably, pre-splitting holes and main blasting holes are arranged in the slope area. The pre-splitting holes are drilled and arranged according to the slope of the slope area, and explosives are filled in the pre-splitting holes and the main blasting holes.

[0023] Preferably, the inclination angle of the main blast hole is 3-6 degrees.

[0024] Preferably, the main blasthole filling length is 0.35-0.5 meters.

[0025] Preferably, a digital electronic detonator is placed in each blasthole of the main blasting hole to connect the blasting network. The main blasting holes on the center line of the central area are connected in series to both sides. During blasting, the main blasting holes on the center line are detonated first, and the two sides of the main blasting holes are detonated in sequence; the main blasting holes in the side areas are connected in series inward from the blasting free surface, and the main blasting holes are detonated in sequence with micro-difference. The sequential micro-difference time between the main blasting holes is 25ms for the main blasting hole on the center line, and 30-35ms for the main blasting holes on both sides of the center line, which gradually increases from the inside to the outside.

[0026] Preferably, the pre-splitting holes are filled with multiple sections of explosives with uncoupled air intervals, the spacing between each section of explosives is about 25 cm, the detonation transmission function between the multiple sections of explosives is achieved by the detonating cord, and adjacent pre-splitting holes are connected in series by the detonating cord.

[0027] Preferably, the blasting network of the pre-splitting hole and the blasting network of the main blasting hole are detonated by the same detonator, and the pre-splitting hole is detonated 50-100ms before the main blasting hole.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] 1. The present invention adopts the method of pre-splitting blasting for the slope cutting, which can effectively avoid the adverse effects such as vibration on the slope during the excavation of the main blasting area.

[0030] 2. The present invention adopts a method of blasting one by one with micro-differences and the micro-difference time gradually increases from the inside to the outside, thereby ensuring the blasting effect, reducing ground vibration, and reducing the vibration of the main blasting area on the slope.

[0031] 3. In the present invention, the deeper the depth of the blasthole near the middle position, the shallower the depth of the blasthole near the edge position, which can ensure the success rate of blasting.

[0032] 4. The blasting depth of the blasthole of the present invention is moderate, which can improve the blasting efficiency.

[0033] 5. The present invention adopts layered trenching excavation, which can speed up the construction progress and shorten the construction period.

[0034] 6. The pre-splitting hole of the present invention adopts the method of ultra-deep reduction of the amount of explosives to reduce the problem of bottom under-explosion.

[0035] The shallow step blasting technology for deep cuttings can effectively adapt to complex terrain conditions, reduce damage to the original landform, and ensure construction safety and environmental protection. By controlling blasting parameters (such as blasthole depth, spacing, charge amount and detonation sequence), the shallow step blasting technology can reduce the impact on the surrounding environment and reduce the side effects of blasting such as vibration, flying rocks and noise. Compared with traditional full-depth blasting, the shallow step blasting technology can increase the construction speed, reduce the use of machinery and labor costs through layered excavation, thereby improving the overall construction efficiency. Shallow step blasting can reduce the amount of explosives for a single blast and reduce the safety risks of blasting to surrounding buildings, facilities and personnel. At the same time, by accurately controlling the blasting parameters, geological disasters such as landslides and collapses can be effectively prevented. The shallow step blasting technology for deep cuttings achieves an effective balance between construction efficiency, safety and environmental protection by finely controlling the blasting process.

[0036] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be understood through the practice of the present invention. Of course, it is not necessary to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time to implement any product or method of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the slope of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the blasting hole structure of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 It is another structural schematic diagram of the blasting hole of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0044] See also Figure 1-4 This application provides a method for blasting shallow holes and steps in deep stone cuttings. The specific construction process is as follows:

[0045] Step (1) site leveling, determining the first layer blasting depth of the first layer blasting construction, determining the reserved width of the first layer step blasting of the blasting construction, determining the round pile blasting point, cleaning up the scum, and installing the drilling machine.

[0046] Step (2) determines the position of the main excavation boundary line, determines the position of blasting hole 2, and draws the blasting main excavation boundary line.

[0047] Step (3) Arrange the blasting holes 2 in a plum blossom shape according to the blasting profile.

[0048] Step (4) checks the arrangement and depth of the main blast holes and charges each blast hole.

[0049] Step (5) connects the blasting network, the electronic detonators in each main blasting hole are connected through a detonating cord, and the connected blasting network is connected to the electronic detonator initiator.

[0050] Step (6) Cover with protective covering and be on alert, and initiate detonation by micro-difference blasting.

[0051] Step (7) Check the blasting effect and clean up the blasting.

[0052] Step (8) uses a slag truck to transport the generated slag and blasting waste.

[0053] Step (9) Repeat steps 3-8 until the last layer is blasted.

[0054] Step (10) For the steps reserved in the slope 1, the steps are constructed according to the step blasting construction drawing, and the main blast holes and pre-splitting holes are drilled in the 7 zones of the first layer.

[0055] Step (12) detonates the blasting network.

[0056] Step (11) The earth moving truck and excavator clean up the location 7 area.

[0057] Step (13) repeats (10)-(11) to blast the second layer to the last layer.

[0058] The road cutting is divided into 5 layers, each layer is 3 meters, and shallow step blasting construction starts from the first layer. The main excavation areas divided on the first layer excavation section are zones 1-6, the slope zone 17, and the shallow hole blasting zones 1-7 are carried out in the main excavation area. The main excavation area is divided at the boundary of the road cutting excavation, and trench excavation is carried out from the top layer along the center of the line in zone 1. The trench width is limited to the work space that can accommodate excavation and transportation machinery.

[0059] The roadbed stone is excavated by excavators, transported by dump trucks, and flattened by bulldozers. The excavation method adopts layered excavation from top to bottom, and the excavation depth of each layer is not more than 3m. In order not to affect the construction period, the roadbed is excavated separately in half the width on the left and right sides. While excavating one area, drilling and blasting are carried out in two areas. The layered grooving excavation can speed up the construction progress and the construction period. The role of forming steps is that the deep road cutting and shallow step blasting technology of the present invention is used in road construction projects, especially in mountainous areas or areas with large terrain undulations. It is a blasting method used to excavate the roadbed. When building highways, railways or other types of roads, it is often necessary to excavate a large amount of earth and stone to form the roadbed. Deep road cutting usually refers to a longitudinal section with a large excavation depth, while shallow steps refer to step-like structures formed on the vertical surface. They help to reduce the amount of excavation and improve construction efficiency.

[0060] After the excavation of the first layer of area 1 is completed, the blasted stone in area 2 is excavated, and the blasting operation of area 3 is carried out at the same time. The excavation of areas 1-6 is completed in this way, and area 7 is retained. When the blasting of the second layer is started, the main excavation area divided on the second layer excavation section is area 8-12, and the slope 1 is area 13. The main excavation area is the shallow hole blasting carried out in area 8-12. In area 8, the trench is excavated along the center of the line. The width of the trench is limited to the work area where the excavation and transportation machinery can be arranged. The roadbed stone is excavated by excavators, transported by dump trucks, and flattened by bulldozers. The excavation method is layered excavation from top to bottom, and the excavation depth of each layer is not more than 3m. In order not to affect the construction period, the roadbed is excavated separately on the left and right sides. While excavating area 8, drilling and blasting are carried out in area 9; when the excavation of area 8 of the second layer is completed, blasting operations are carried out in area 9 at the same time. The excavation of areas 8-12 is completed in this way, and area 13 is retained. The blasting excavation is carried out to the last layer.

[0061] Pre-splitting holes and main blasting holes are arranged on the side of slope 1. The pre-splitting holes are drilled according to the slope of slope 1 and explosives are loaded in the holes.

[0062] The main blast hole parameter characteristics are: D = 42mm, emulsion explosive platform with a diameter of d = 32mm, step height H is 3m, chassis resistance line W1 is (0.4 ~ 1.0)H, W1 is 1m, hole spacing a = m1w1 = (1.0 ~ 2.0)w1, a = 1.1m, row spacing b: b = (0.8 ~ 1)a, b = 1m, super depth Δh: Δh = (0.1 ~ 0.15)H, Δ h=0.2m, drilling depth L=H+Δh=1.7m, unit consumption of explosives according to geological conditions q=0.3kg / m3, single hole charge Q=qaw1H=0.3×1.1×1×3=0.99Kg, take 1Kg, charge length L1L1=Q / qx=0.5mqx: blast hole charge line density qx=1kg / m, make appropriate adjustments to hole spacing, row spacing and unit consumption according to the on-site blasting effect.

[0063] Preferably, the inclination angle of the main blasthole is 3-6 degrees, and the filling length of the main blasthole is 0.35-0.5 meters. The blasting depth of the blasthole of the present invention is moderate, which can improve the blasting efficiency. Among them, the deeper the depth of the blasthole near the middle position, the shallower the depth of the blasthole near the edge position, which can ensure the blasting success rate.

[0064] A digital electronic detonator is placed in each blast hole of the main blast hole, connected to the blasting network. The blast holes in position 1 are connected in series from the center line of the groove to both sides. When blasting, the blast hole at the center of the groove is detonated first, and the two sides are detonated in sequence. The blast holes in area 2 are connected in series from the blasting free surface inward in sequence. The main blast holes are detonated in sequence with micro-difference. The micro-difference time between the holes is 25ms in the center of the groove, 30m and 35ms on both sides. The micro-difference method of detonating one by one is adopted, and the micro-difference time gradually increases from the inside to the outside, which ensures the blasting effect, reduces ground vibration, and reduces the vibration of the main blasting area to the slope 1.

[0065] The spacing between the pre-crack holes is 1.5m. The pre-crack holes use uncoupled air-spaced charging. A small emulsion explosive roll is cut into two halves along the diameter direction, and then each halves is divided into four sections. Each section is about 5cm long and weighs about 25g. They are tied to the detonating cord with a spacing of about 25cm. The detonation transmission function is realized by the detonating cord. Adjacent charge holes are connected in series with detonating cords.

[0066] The blasting network of the pre-crack hole is detonated by the same detonator as the blasting network of the main blast hole. The pre-crack hole is detonated first 50-100ms before the main blast hole.

[0067] The effect of step blasting on the slope 1 is that the explosive at the bottom of the pre-splitting hole is in the ultra-deep hole, reducing the amount of explosives in the ultra-deep hole at the bottom to 75% of the original amount. The present invention adopts the method of pre-splitting blasting for the slope cutting, which can effectively avoid the adverse effects of vibration on the slope 1 during the excavation of the main blasting area. The pre-splitting hole adopts the method of ultra-deep reduction of the amount of explosives to reduce the problem of under-explosion at the bottom.

[0068] In mountainous or hilly areas with large terrain fluctuations, the deep-cut shallow-step blasting technology can effectively adapt to complex terrain conditions, reduce damage to the original landform, and ensure construction safety and environmental protection. By controlling blasting parameters (such as blasthole depth, spacing, charge amount and detonation sequence), the shallow-step blasting technology can reduce the impact on the surrounding environment and reduce the side effects of blasting such as vibration, flying rocks and noise. Compared with traditional full-depth blasting, the shallow-step blasting technology can increase the construction speed, reduce the use of machinery and labor costs through layered excavation, thereby improving the overall construction efficiency. Shallow step blasting can reduce the amount of explosives for a single blast and reduce the safety risks of blasting to surrounding buildings, facilities and personnel. At the same time, by accurately controlling the blasting parameters, geological disasters such as landslides and collapses can be effectively prevented. The deep-cut shallow-step blasting technology achieves an effective balance between construction efficiency, safety and environmental protection by finely controlling the blasting process.

[0069] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in this document are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0070] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cuttings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Level the site, determine the blasting depth of the first layer and the reserved width of the first step after blasting, determine the blasting point of the round pile, clean up the scum, and install the drilling machine; S2. Determine the position of the main excavation boundary line, the blasting hole position and the blasting main excavation boundary line; S3, using a punching machine to arrange several blasting holes on the first layer; S4. Check the arrangement and depth of each blasting hole and install explosives in each blasting hole; S5, connecting the electronic detonators of the explosives in each blasting hole through a detonating cord to form a blasting network, and connecting the connected blasting network to the electronic detonator initiator; S6, lay down blankets for protection and be on alert, and carry out micro-difference blasting and detonation; S7. Check the blasting effect and use slag trucks to transport the generated slag or blasting waste; S8, repeat S3-7 until the last layer is blasted; S9, drilling blasting holes and pre-splitting holes in the first layer of the slope area on the steps reserved in the slope area; S10, detonation blasting network; S11, earth moving truck, excavator clearing position; S12. Repeat the blasting operations of S9-S11 until the last layer.

2. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cutting according to claim 1 is characterized by: The road cutting is divided into five layers, each layer is no more than 3 meters deep, and the center of the first layer is used to divide the central area. There are slope areas on the opposite sides of the central area. There are six connected side areas between the central area and the slope areas. Blasting construction starts from the central area of ​​the first layer. The width of the central area is limited to the work space that can accommodate excavation and transportation machinery.

3. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cutting according to claim 2 is characterized by: The number of side areas is gradually reduced from the first layer to the fifth layer, and one side area is reduced from the first layer to the next layer.

4. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cutting according to claim 3 is characterized by: With the central area as the center, blasting construction is carried out on the side areas on both sides of the central area from the inside to the outside at the same time. After each side area is blasted and excavated, the next side area is blasted at the same time.

5. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cutting according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Pre-splitting holes and main blasting holes are arranged in the slope area. The pre-splitting holes are drilled according to the slope of the slope area, and explosives are filled in the pre-splitting holes and the main blasting holes.

6. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cutting according to claim 1 is characterized by: The inclination angle of the main blast hole is 3-6 degrees.

7. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cutting according to claim 1 is characterized by: The main blast hole filling length is 0.35-0.5 meters.

8. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cuttings according to claim 1 is characterized by: A digital electronic detonator is placed in each blast hole of the main blast hole to connect the blasting network. The main blast holes on the center line of the center area are connected in series to both sides. During blasting, the main blast holes on the center line are detonated first, and the two sides of the main blast holes are detonated in turn; the main blast holes in the side area are connected in series from the blasting free surface inward in sequence, and the main blast holes are detonated in sequence with micro-difference. The sequential micro-difference time between the main blast holes is 25ms for the main blast hole on the center line, and 30-35ms for the main blast holes on both sides of the center line, gradually increasing from the inside to the outside.

9. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cuttings according to claim 5 is characterized by: The pre-crack holes are filled with multiple sections of explosives in uncoupled air intervals. The spacing between each section of explosives is about 25 cm. The detonation transmission function between the multiple sections of explosives is realized by the detonating cord. Adjacent pre-crack holes are connected in series with detonating cords.

10. The shallow hole step blasting method for deep stone cuttings according to claim 9, characterized in that: The blasting network of the pre-splitting hole and the blasting network of the main blasting hole are detonated by the same detonator, and the pre-splitting hole is detonated 50-100ms before the main blasting hole.

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