System and method for testing reliability of grating encoder in oil mist environment

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of encoder testing, and provides a system and a method for testing the reliability of a grating encoder in an oil mist environment. According to the invention, rotating speed and oil mist environment conditions in actual working conditions can be simulated, and multiple grating encoders can be tested at the same time, so that the test cost and time are greatly saved; an oil mist environment closed-loop control strategy is adopted, oil mist concentration closed-loop control is achieved through cooperation of an oil mist concentration sensor, an oil mist generator, an oil mist collector and an oil mist system closed-loop control module, and subsequent quantitative evaluation of the reliability of the grating encoder is facilitated; by arranging a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an acceleration sensor, the temperature, the humidity and the vibration working condition of the grating encoder can be monitored in real time, and the subsequent comprehensive evaluation of the reliability multi-stress influence of the grating encoder is facilitated; the grating encoders of different models and different sizes can be tested only by changing the size of the grating encoder clamping device, and the universality and the flexibility of the system are embodied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of encoder testing, and in particular relates to a reliability testing system and method for a grating encoder in an oil mist environment. Background Art

[0002] The grating encoder is a digital angle measurement device that integrates light, machinery and electricity. It is a sensor that can convert physical quantities such as rotation angle position, angular displacement and angular velocity into electrical signals. Because of its advantages such as high measurement accuracy, small size and wide measurement range, it is widely used in industry, national defense, aerospace and other fields. In CNC machine tools, grating encoders are key components responsible for the terminal closed-loop control measurement of angular displacement components. The quality of their performance directly affects the accuracy and reliability of machine tools. For example, encoders are used as feedback devices for the rotation positioning of components such as electric spindles, tool holders, and tool magazines, and their importance is self-evident. However, the performance of domestic grating encoders in the CNC machine tool market is not satisfactory, mainly because they have a higher failure rate and poorer reliability compared with foreign brands. Specifically, the photoelectric devices are easily damaged, the grating disks are easily contaminated and damaged, the encoders have a high error rate, and the anti-interference ability is poor. In view of this, improving the reliability of products has become a focus of concern for domestic grating encoder manufacturers and their user companies.

[0003] Reliability testing is the main way to improve product reliability. This type of test can effectively stimulate and expose the defects and deficiencies in the design, processing, manufacturing and other links of the product. The reliability data obtained from the test is also the basis for reliability analysis, modeling and redesign. By collecting relevant fault data and conducting mechanism analysis, it is found that the sensitive stresses of the encoder are mainly temperature, humidity, vibration, oil pollution and electrical stress. At present, scientific researchers have conducted more research on the individual or combined effects of temperature, humidity and vibration, but the research on oil pollution, a sensitive stress, is relatively lacking. However, in the actual working process, failures caused by oil contamination are quite common. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop reliability test equipment and technology for grating encoders with the ability to simulate oil contamination, conduct laboratory reliability bench tests, actively expose and stimulate various potential faults of grating encoders, and propose targeted improvement suggestions and measures through fault analysis and implement them. To this end, the present invention proposes a reliability test system and method for grating encoders in an oil mist environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a grating encoder oil mist environment reliability testing system and method, aiming to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A grating encoder oil mist environment reliability test system, comprising a test table, a main body, an oil mist environment test device and a detection control system;

[0007] The main body is placed on a horizontal vibration isolation plane, and the main body includes an oil mist test box, a clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit and an acceleration sensor; the oil mist test box is used to install the clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit, and the upper surface of the oil mist test box is provided with an oil mist inlet and an oil mist outlet; the lower surface of the oil mist test box is provided with an oil outlet for discharging the oil formed after the oil mist is cooled; the clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit is used to realize the installation and drive of the grating encoder, and includes a locking nut, a connecting sleeve, a servo motor, a mounting plate, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor; the grating encoder is fixed on the mounting plate by bolt connection; the locking nut is used to lock and fix the grating encoder; the connecting sleeve is used to connect the grating encoder and the servo motor; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are both installed on the outer ring surface of the grating encoder to monitor the temperature and humidity of the grating encoder; the acceleration sensor is pasted on the surface of the oil mist test box to monitor the vibration of the grating encoder;

[0008] The oil mist environment test device comprises an oil mist generator, an oil mist collector, an oil mist concentration sensor, an oil receiving basin and an oil mist pipeline used by the device; the oil mist generator and the oil mist inlet as well as the oil mist collector and the oil mist outlet are connected through the oil mist pipeline; the oil mist concentration sensor is attached to the oil mist test box to detect the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the oil receiving basin is placed below the oil outlet to receive the oil;

[0009] The detection control system is placed on the test table, and the detection control system includes a grating encoder control module, a data acquisition module, an oil mist system closed-loop control module, a power supply module, an industrial computer and an actuator; the grating encoder control module is used to drive and control the servo motor, including a servo driver and a PLC, the PLC is used to input control signals, and the servo driver is used to receive control signals and convert them into motion instructions for the servo motor; the data acquisition module is used to collect performance data of the grating encoder and store the data in the industrial computer, including Crio 9078 acquisition chassis, vibration acquisition card, temperature acquisition card, humidity acquisition card and encoder signal acquisition card. The temperature acquisition card, humidity acquisition card and vibration acquisition card are respectively matched with temperature sensor, humidity sensor and acceleration sensor, and are used to collect temperature, humidity and vibration data during the test of grating encoder; the encoder signal acquisition card collects the output signal information of grating encoder through the matching serial port protocol converter; the oil mist system closed-loop control module is used for closed-loop control of oil mist concentration, including an analog-to-digital converter and an STM32 series single-chip microcomputer. The oil mist system closed-loop control module receives the data of the oil mist concentration sensor through the analog-to-digital converter and the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer makes adjustment instructions to act on the oil mist generator and the oil mist collector; the industrial computer includes a data recorder and an alarm device for sending and receiving data and instructions; the actuator is used to control the oil mist generator and the oil mist collector.

[0010] Furthermore, when the oil mist inlet, the oil mist outlet and the oil liquid outlet are not in use, they are sealed with rubber plugs.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamp drive and environment monitoring unit is connected by bolts and fixedly mounted on the side of the oil mist test box in cooperation with a soft washer.

[0012] Furthermore, the connection part between the oil mist generator and the oil mist inlet and the connection part between the oil mist collector and the oil mist outlet are both sealed with rubber rings.

[0013] Furthermore, the grating encoder control module, data acquisition module, oil mist system closed-loop control module and power supply module are integrated into one control box.

[0014] A method for testing the reliability of a grating encoder in an oil mist environment, characterized in that the method is implemented based on the above-mentioned grating encoder oil mist environment reliability testing system, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Test preparation phase, including:

[0016] Step 11: Define the test objectives.

[0017] Step 12, prepare the test equipment: select the grating encoder and install it correctly, and stick the temperature sensor and humidity sensor on its surface; complete the fixation of the acceleration sensor and the connection of the grating encoder drive control and data acquisition;

[0018] Step 13: Set the test parameters: determine the rotation speed, oil mist concentration and test duration;

[0019] Step 14: Develop a test plan.

[0020] Step 2: Test execution phase, including:

[0021] Step 21, start the servo drive: drive the grating encoder by controlling the servo motor;

[0022] Step 22, start the oil mist generator;

[0023] Step 23, adjusting the oil mist concentration: controlling the oil mist concentration through the oil mist concentration sensor and the oil mist system closed-loop control module;

[0024] Step 24, test start: After the oil mist environment reaches the preset conditions, the test officially starts;

[0025] Step 25, collect test data: collect performance data of the grating encoder, including temperature, humidity, vibration, and output signal;

[0026] Step 26, monitoring the test process: real-time monitoring of the oil mist concentration and the working status of the grating encoder;

[0027] Step 27: record test data;

[0028] Step 28, end of test: after the predetermined test duration is completed, the oil mist generator and the grating encoder are stopped, the oil mist collector is started to collect the oil mist, and the power supply of the test system is turned off;

[0029] Step 3: Test and evaluation phase, including:

[0030] Step 31, analyzing data: analyzing the collected test data to evaluate the performance and reliability of the grating encoder in the oil mist environment;

[0031] Step 32, determine the conclusion: identify the possible problems and failure modes of the grating encoder in the oil mist environment based on the data analysis results, and draw a test conclusion;

[0032] Step 33. Report preparation and improvement suggestions: Write a test report, including test results, data analysis, conclusions and improvement suggestions based on the test results.

[0033] Furthermore, the specific process of step 23 is as follows:

[0034] The oil mist concentration sensor detects the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal of the oil mist concentration sensor into a digital signal for processing by the STM32 series microcontroller; the STM32 series microcontroller receives the processed signal and compares it with the preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series microcontroller sends an adjustment instruction to the actuator, specifically: if the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator according to the instruction to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector according to the instruction to handle excess oil mist concentration.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention can not only simulate the rotation speed and oil mist environment conditions in actual working conditions, but also support simultaneous testing of multiple grating encoders, greatly saving test costs and time.

[0037] 2. The present invention adopts an oil mist environment closed-loop control strategy, and realizes closed-loop control of oil mist concentration through the cooperation of an oil mist concentration sensor, an oil mist generator, an oil mist collector and an oil mist system closed-loop control module, which is convenient for subsequent quantitative evaluation of the reliability of the grating encoder.

[0038] 3. The present invention can monitor the temperature, humidity and vibration conditions of the grating encoder in real time by setting a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an acceleration sensor, so as to facilitate the comprehensive evaluation of the subsequent multi-stress influence on the reliability of the grating encoder.

[0039] 4. The present invention has the characteristics of strong interchangeability and wide application range. It only needs to change the size of the grating encoder clamping device to test grating encoders of different models and sizes, which reflects the versatility and flexibility of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system in the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the oil mist test box in the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the grating encoder, clamping drive and environment monitoring unit in the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the closed-loop control principle of the oil mist environment concentration in the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the implementation architecture of the detection and control system in the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 Flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1- oil mist test box; 2- clamp drive and environment monitoring unit; 3- oil mist generator; 4- oil mist collector; 5- oil mist concentration sensor; 6- grating encoder control module; 7- data acquisition module; 8- oil mist system closed-loop control module; 9- power supply module; 10- industrial computer; 11- test table; 12- acceleration sensor; 13- oil receiving basin; 101- oil mist inlet; 102- oil mist outlet; 103- oil outlet; 201- grating encoder; 202- locking nut; 203- connecting sleeve; 204- servo motor; 205- mounting plate; 206- temperature sensor; 207- humidity sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0048] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0049] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a grating encoder oil mist environment reliability test system provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a main body, an oil mist environment test device, a detection and control system and a test table 11; the oil mist environment test device is matched with the main body to realize the oil mist environment working condition simulation of the grating encoder 201 (test object).

[0050] like Figure 1-3 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main body is placed on a horizontal vibration isolation plane, and the main body includes an oil mist test box 1, a clamping drive and environment monitoring unit 2 and an acceleration sensor 12.

[0051] The oil mist test box 1 is used to install the clamp drive and environment monitoring unit 2. The upper surface of the oil mist test box 1 is provided with an oil mist inlet 101 and an oil mist outlet 102. The lower surface of the oil mist test box 1 is provided with an oil outlet 103 for discharging the oil formed after the oil mist is cooled. The oil outlet 103 is sealed with a rubber plug when not in use.

[0052] The clamp drive and environment monitoring unit 2 is fixedly installed on the side of the oil mist test box 1 by bolt connection and soft gasket. The clamp drive and environment monitoring unit 2 is used to realize the installation and drive of the grating encoder 201. The clamp drive and environment monitoring unit 2 includes a locking nut 202, a connecting sleeve 203, a servo motor 204, a mounting plate 205, a temperature sensor 206 and a humidity sensor 207; the grating encoder 201 is fixed on the mounting plate 205 by bolt connection; the locking nut 202 is used to lock and fix the grating encoder 201; the connecting sleeve 203 is used to connect the grating encoder 201 and the servo motor 204; the temperature sensor 206 and the humidity sensor 207 are both installed on the outer ring surface of the grating encoder 201, and are used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the grating encoder 201, so as to facilitate the subsequent quantitative reliability evaluation.

[0053] The acceleration sensor 12 is attached to the surface of the oil mist test box 1 and is used to monitor the vibration of the grating encoder 201 .

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil mist environment test device includes an oil mist generator 3, an oil mist collector 4, an oil mist concentration sensor 5, an oil receiving basin 13 and an oil mist pipeline used by the device.

[0055] The oil mist generator 3 and the oil mist collector 4 are respectively connected to the oil mist inlet 101 and the oil mist outlet 102 on the upper surface of the oil mist test box 1 through oil mist pipes, and the connecting parts are sealed with rubber rings to prevent oil mist leakage.

[0056] The oil mist concentration sensor 5 is attached to the oil mist test box 1 and is used to detect the oil mist concentration in the current environment.

[0057] The oil receiving basin 13 is placed below the oil outlet 103 on the lower surface of the oil mist test box 1 and is used to receive the oil and continue to add the oil to the oil mist generator 3 for recycling.

[0058] like Figure 1-5 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detection control system is placed on a test table 11, and the detection control system includes a grating encoder control module 6, a data acquisition module 7, an oil mist system closed-loop control module 8, a power supply module 9, an industrial computer 10 and an actuator; the grating encoder control module 6, the data acquisition module 7, the oil mist system closed-loop control module 8 and the power supply module 9 are integrated into a control box.

[0059] The grating encoder control module 6 is used to drive and control the servo motor 204, thereby realizing the drive and speed control of the grating encoder 201. The grating encoder control module 6 includes a servo driver and a PLC. The PLC is used to input control signals, and the servo driver is used to receive control signals and convert them into precise motion instructions for the servo motor 204.

[0060] The data acquisition module 7 is used to collect performance data of the grating encoder 201. The data acquisition module 7 includes a Crio9078 acquisition chassis, a vibration acquisition card, a temperature acquisition card, a humidity acquisition card and an encoder signal acquisition card. The temperature, humidity and vibration data collection during the test of the grating encoder 201 is completed through the temperature acquisition card, humidity acquisition card and vibration acquisition card that are respectively matched with the temperature sensor 206, the humidity sensor 207 and the acceleration sensor 12. The output signal information of the grating encoder 201 is collected through the serial port protocol converter matched with the encoder signal acquisition card, and the data is stored in the industrial computer 10.

[0061] The oil mist system closed-loop control module 8 is used for closed-loop control of oil mist concentration. The oil mist system closed-loop control module 8 includes an analog-to-digital converter and an STM32 series single-chip microcomputer. The oil mist system closed-loop control module 8 receives data from the oil mist concentration sensor 5 through the analog-to-digital converter and the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer makes adjustment instructions to act on the oil mist generator 3 and the oil mist collector 4.

[0062] The industrial computer 10 includes a data recorder and an alarm device for sending and receiving data and instructions. The user interface of the industrial computer 10 allows the operator to monitor the system status and set the target oil mist concentration; the data recorder is used to record the oil mist concentration data during the entire test process; the alarm device is responsible for sounding an alarm when the oil mist concentration exceeds a safe range to remind the operator to pay attention and take corresponding measures.

[0063] The actuator is used to control the oil mist generator 3 and the oil mist collector 4 .

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, the working principle of the oil mist concentration closed-loop control is as follows: the oil mist generator 3 generates oil mist to simulate the actual working environment; the oil mist concentration sensor 5 detects the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal of the oil mist concentration sensor 5 into a digital signal for processing by the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer; the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer receives the processed signal and compares it with the preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer issues an adjustment instruction to the actuator. If the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator 3 according to the instruction to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector 4 according to the instruction to process the excess oil mist concentration. If the oil mist concentration exceeds the safety range, the alarm device will sound an alarm.

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, a method for testing the reliability of a grating encoder in an oil mist environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: Test preparation phase, including:

[0067] Step 11, define the test objectives: clearly define that the test is intended to evaluate the performance, reliability and potential problems of the grating encoder 201 in an oil mist environment.

[0068] Step 12, prepare the test equipment: select a suitable grating encoder 201 as the test object and install it correctly, and stick the temperature sensor 206 and the humidity sensor 207 on its surface in a standardized manner; complete the fixation of the acceleration sensor 12 and the connection of the grating encoder 201 drive control and data acquisition;

[0069] Step 13. Set test parameters: Determine key parameters such as speed, oil mist concentration, and test duration.

[0070] Step 14: Develop a test plan: Plan the test process in detail, including equipment startup sequence, data collection, monitoring indicators, etc.

[0071] Step 2: Test execution phase, including:

[0072] Step 21, start the servo drive: drive the grating encoder 201 by controlling the servo motor 204;

[0073] Step 22, starting the oil mist generator 3;

[0074] Step 23, adjusting the oil mist concentration: controlling the oil mist concentration through the oil mist concentration sensor 5 and the oil mist system closed-loop control module 8;

[0075] Step 24, test start: After the oil mist environment reaches the preset conditions, the test officially starts;

[0076] Step 25, collecting test data: collecting performance data of the grating encoder 201, including temperature, humidity, vibration, output signal, etc.;

[0077] Step 26, monitoring the test process: real-time monitoring of the oil mist concentration and the working status of the grating encoder 201;

[0078] Step 27. Record test data: Ensure that all key data is accurately recorded for subsequent analysis.

[0079] Step 28, end of test: after the predetermined test duration is completed, the oil mist generator 3 and the grating encoder 201 are stopped, the oil mist collector 4 is started to collect the oil mist, and the power supply of the test system is turned off.

[0080] Step 3: Test and evaluation phase, including:

[0081] Step 31, analyzing data: analyzing the collected test data to evaluate the performance and reliability of the grating encoder 201 in the oil mist environment;

[0082] Step 32, determine the conclusion: identify the possible problems and failure modes of the grating encoder 201 in the oil mist environment according to the data analysis results, and draw a test conclusion;

[0083] Step 33, report preparation and improvement suggestions: Write a test report, including test results, data analysis, conclusions and improvement suggestions based on the test results (improvement measures for the grating encoder 201), and make necessary design modifications and optimizations to improve the reliability of the grating encoder 201 in the actual oil mist environment.

[0084] like Figure 4 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of step 23 is as follows:

[0085] The oil mist concentration sensor 5 detects the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal of the oil mist concentration sensor 5 into a digital signal for processing by the STM32 series microcontroller; the STM32 series microcontroller receives the processed signal and compares it with the preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series microcontroller sends an adjustment instruction to the actuator, specifically: if the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator 3 according to the instruction to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector 4 according to the instruction to process the excess oil mist concentration.

[0086] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A grating encoder oil mist environment reliability test system, including a test table, characterized in that: It also includes the main body, oil mist environment test equipment and detection control system; The main body is placed on a horizontal vibration isolation plane, and the main body includes an oil mist test box, a clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit and an acceleration sensor; the oil mist test box is used to install the clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit, and the upper surface of the oil mist test box is provided with an oil mist inlet and an oil mist outlet; the lower surface of the oil mist test box is provided with an oil outlet for discharging the oil formed after the oil mist is cooled; the clamp drive and environmental monitoring unit is used to realize the installation and drive of the grating encoder, and includes a locking nut, a connecting sleeve, a servo motor, a mounting plate, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor; the grating encoder is fixed on the mounting plate by bolt connection; the locking nut is used to lock and fix the grating encoder; the connecting sleeve is used to connect the grating encoder and the servo motor; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are both installed on the outer ring surface of the grating encoder to monitor the temperature and humidity of the grating encoder; the acceleration sensor is pasted on the surface of the oil mist test box to monitor the vibration of the grating encoder; The oil mist environment test device comprises an oil mist generator, an oil mist collector, an oil mist concentration sensor, an oil receiving basin and an oil mist pipeline used by the device; the oil mist generator and the oil mist inlet as well as the oil mist collector and the oil mist outlet are connected through the oil mist pipeline; the oil mist concentration sensor is attached to the oil mist test box to detect the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the oil receiving basin is placed below the oil outlet to receive the oil; The detection control system is placed on the test table, and the detection control system includes a grating encoder control module, a data acquisition module, an oil mist system closed-loop control module, a power supply module, an industrial computer and an actuator; the grating encoder control module is used to drive and control the servo motor, including a servo driver and a PLC, the PLC is used to input control signals, and the servo driver is used to receive control signals and convert them into motion instructions for the servo motor; the data acquisition module is used to collect performance data of the grating encoder and store the data in the industrial computer, including Crio 9078 acquisition chassis, vibration acquisition card, temperature acquisition card, humidity acquisition card and encoder signal acquisition card. The temperature acquisition card, humidity acquisition card and vibration acquisition card are respectively matched with temperature sensor, humidity sensor and acceleration sensor, and are used to collect temperature, humidity and vibration data during the test of grating encoder; the encoder signal acquisition card collects the output signal information of grating encoder through the matching serial port protocol converter; the oil mist system closed-loop control module is used for closed-loop control of oil mist concentration, including an analog-to-digital converter and an STM32 series single-chip microcomputer. The oil mist system closed-loop control module receives the data of the oil mist concentration sensor through the analog-to-digital converter and the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer makes adjustment instructions to act on the oil mist generator and the oil mist collector; the industrial computer includes a data recorder and an alarm device for sending and receiving data and instructions; the actuator is used to control the oil mist generator and the oil mist collector.

2. The grating encoder oil mist environment reliability test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the oil mist inlet, the oil mist outlet and the oil liquid outlet are not in use, they are sealed with rubber plugs.

3. The grating encoder oil mist environment reliability test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The clamp drive and environment monitoring unit is connected by bolts and fixedly installed on the side of the oil mist test box in cooperation with a soft washer.

4. The grating encoder oil mist environment reliability test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection part between the oil mist generator and the oil mist inlet and the connection part between the oil mist collector and the oil mist outlet are both sealed with rubber rings.

5. The grating encoder oil mist environment reliability test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grating encoder control module, the data acquisition module, the oil mist system closed-loop control module and the power supply module are integrated into one control box.

6. A reliability test method for a grating encoder in an oil mist environment, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the grating encoder oil mist environment reliability test system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Test preparation phase, including: Step 11: Define the test objectives. Step 12, prepare the test equipment: select the grating encoder and install it correctly, and stick the temperature sensor and humidity sensor on its surface; complete the fixation of the acceleration sensor and the connection of the grating encoder drive control and data acquisition; Step 13: Set the test parameters: determine the rotation speed, oil mist concentration and test duration; Step 14: Develop a test plan. Step 2: Test execution phase, including: Step 21, start the servo drive: drive the grating encoder by controlling the servo motor; Step 22, start the oil mist generator; Step 23, adjusting the oil mist concentration: controlling the oil mist concentration through the oil mist concentration sensor and the oil mist system closed-loop control module; Step 24, test start: After the oil mist environment reaches the preset conditions, the test officially starts; Step 25, collect test data: collect performance data of the grating encoder, including temperature, humidity, vibration, and output signal; Step 26, monitoring the test process: real-time monitoring of the oil mist concentration and the working status of the grating encoder; Step 27: record test data; Step 28, end of test: after the predetermined test duration is completed, the oil mist generator and the grating encoder are stopped, the oil mist collector is started to collect the oil mist, and the power supply of the test system is turned off; Step 3: Test and evaluation phase, including: Step 31, analyzing data: analyzing the collected test data to evaluate the performance and reliability of the grating encoder in the oil mist environment; Step 32, determine the conclusion: identify the possible problems and failure modes of the grating encoder in the oil mist environment based on the data analysis results, and draw a test conclusion; Step 33. Report preparation and improvement suggestions: Write a test report, including test results, data analysis, conclusions and improvement suggestions based on the test results.

7. The reliability test method for grating encoder in oil mist environment according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The specific process of step 23 is as follows: The oil mist concentration sensor detects the oil mist concentration in the current environment; the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal of the oil mist concentration sensor into a digital signal for processing by the STM32 series microcontroller; the STM32 series microcontroller receives the processed signal and compares it with the preset target oil mist concentration; if the actual concentration does not match the target concentration, the STM32 series microcontroller sends an adjustment instruction to the actuator, specifically: if the oil mist concentration is lower than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist generator according to the instruction to change the amount of oil mist generated; if the oil mist concentration is higher than the target oil mist concentration, the actuator adjusts the oil mist collector according to the instruction to handle excess oil mist concentration.

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