Wear-resistant fuel tank for vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of automobile fuel tanks, and specifically to a wear-resistant fuel tank for a vehicle, comprising a multi-layer composite material structure, consisting of an inner tank layer, an outer box layer, and a microchannel network arranged therebetween, wherein the outer box layer is made of high-density polyethylene or a reinforced composite material, and the microchannel network is pre-filled with a repair agent, and when the fuel tank is damaged, the repair agent flows to the damaged area through capillary action, thereby achieving automatic repair and preventing oil leakage. Buffer end boxes and heat exchange guide boxes are provided at both ends of the fuel tank of the present invention, which are connected through elastic floating connections to absorb the impact force generated by the oil during the driving of the vehicle, thereby avoiding damage to the fuel tank and extending the service life of the fuel tank. The present invention provides a highly durable, safe and efficient fuel tank, which has multiple functions such as buffering, repairing, heating and intelligent monitoring, and is suitable for vehicle fuel tank needs in various complex environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of automobile oil tanks, in particular to a wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, automobile fuel tanks usually adopt a single-layer or multi-layer metal or plastic material structure. Although it can meet the basic requirements of vehicles for oil storage, there are still some problems and defects in actual use. First, during the driving process of the vehicle, the traditional fuel tank is affected by road bumps and vehicle vibrations, and the internal oil will produce violent shaking and impact, causing great pressure on the tank wall. Long-term impact can easily cause fatigue damage to the tank, affecting the service life of the tank.

[0003] When a fuel tank is subjected to external collision or mechanical damage, it is easy to crack, perforate and other damages, causing oil leakage, posing a major safety hazard. However, most fuel tanks currently lack effective self-healing functions. Once damaged, they often need to be replaced or repaired in a complex manner, increasing maintenance costs and difficulty of use. Traditional fuel tanks usually do not have the ability to regulate oil temperature. When a vehicle is running in a low-temperature environment, the viscosity of the oil will increase, resulting in a decrease in fluidity, which in turn affects the combustion efficiency and working performance of the engine. In this case, the engine requires more fuel to maintain normal operation, increasing the vehicle's fuel consumption.

[0004] In view of this, research and improvement are carried out on the existing problems, and a wear-resistant fuel tank for a vehicle is provided to solve the current problems. The purpose is to solve the problems and improve the practical value through this technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technology.

[0006] To this end, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle, comprising: an oil tank body, a heat exchange conductive box and a buffer end box, the surface of the oil tank body is provided with an oil filling port, a monitoring box and a filling nozzle, the heat exchange conductive box and the buffer end box are in two groups and are respectively located at the two ends of the inner cavity of the oil tank body, one side of the heat exchange conductive box is provided with an elastic sleeve, and the other end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the surface of the heat exchange conductive box, the surface of the buffer end box is fixedly installed with a spring, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the oil tank body;

[0007] The heat exchange box includes a fixing seat and a first side plate, an inner partition plate and a second side plate fixed to the inner side of the fixing seat in sequence. A heat exchange box is arranged between the first side plate and the inner partition plate and between the inner partition plate and the second side plate. The surfaces of the first side plate and the second side plate are provided with liquid guide holes for oil to pass through. The surface of the inner partition plate is provided with a liquid passage groove for connecting the heat exchange boxes on both sides. A heat conduction coil is fixedly installed on the inner side of the heat exchange box, and the surface of the heat conduction coil is provided with evenly distributed fins.

[0008] The fuel tank body is a multi-layer composite material structure, and the multi-layer composite material structure includes:

[0009] Outer box layer: Made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or reinforced composite materials, providing chemical corrosion resistance and mechanical strength;

[0010] Microchannel network: arranged in the interlayer gap between the inner tank layer and the outer box layer, and pre-filled with a repair agent. When the oil tank is mechanically damaged, the microchannel network guides the repair agent to the damaged area for repair through capillary action or the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the oil tank. The filling nozzle is connected to the microchannel network for filling the repair agent.

[0011] In a preferred example, the present invention can be further configured as follows: the repair agent is an epoxy resin repair agent or a polyurethane repair agent, which has the characteristics of low viscosity, fast curing and compatibility with fuel, and the repair agent solidifies after contacting with air.

[0012] In a preferred example, the present invention can be further configured as follows: the diameter of the microchannel network is 1 to 100 microns, presents a three-dimensional network structure, is evenly distributed in the interlayer gaps between the inner tank layer and the outer box layer, and a higher density of microchannels is set in the vulnerable area of ​​the oil tank to improve the self-healing ability of this area.

[0013] In a preferred example, the present invention can be further configured as follows: the fuel tank is integrated with an intelligent monitoring system fixed on the inner side of the monitoring box, including sensors for real-time monitoring of the level of the repair agent and the status of the fuel tank, and alerting the driver when the repair agent is exhausted or the fuel tank is seriously damaged.

[0014] In a preferred example, the present invention can be further configured as follows: the two sides of the buffer end box are elastically floatingly connected to the inner side of the oil tank body and one side of the heat exchange box through springs and elastic sleeves respectively, and an energy dissipation plate is provided on the inner side of the buffer end box.

[0015] Specifically, through the elastic floating installation of the buffer end box, the oil impacts the surface of the buffer end box during the shaking process of the oil tank movement. The elastic buffering effect of the buffer end box eliminates the impact potential energy of the oil and reduces the shaking inertia of the oil. The uniform protrusion structure on the surface of the energy dissipation plate is used to further break up the impact effect of the oil.

[0016] In a preferred example, the present invention can be further configured as follows: the elastic sleeve is a corrosion-resistant rubber material component, and both ends of the elastic sleeve are connected to the surfaces of the buffer end box and the heat exchange conduction box to form a cavity structure.

[0017] Specifically, during the shaking process of the oil tank movement, the impact of the oil inside the buffer end box and the inertia of the buffer end box can be used to expand and shrink the volume of the inner cavity between the buffer end box and the heat exchanger box, squeeze and absorb the oil, and make the oil move back and forth through the heat exchanger box, providing a certain amount of kinetic energy for the oil to pass through the heat exchanger box.

[0018] In a preferred example, the present invention can be further configured as follows: the inner side of the heat-conducting coil is filled with refrigerant, and the end of the heat-conducting coil is connected to the automobile cooling system to introduce the working heat of the automobile engine into the inner side of the heat-conducting coil to heat the oil inside the heat exchange box.

[0019] Specifically, the oil is preheated by using the working heat of the automobile engine to improve the efficiency of the oil in the engine's explosion stroke.

[0020] In a preferred example, the present invention can be further configured as follows: both sides of the inner partition, the second side plate and the heat exchange box are provided with heat-conducting ridges to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the inner partition, the second side plate and the heat exchange box and the oil.

[0021] In a preferred example, the present invention can be further configured as follows: the surface of the inner partition is provided with a liquid hole for connecting the heat transfer coils inside the heat exchange boxes on both sides, and for the circulation of the refrigerant inside the two heat transfer coils.

[0022] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0023] 1. In the present invention, an oil buffering and shock absorbing system is formed by elastically floating and installing it inside the oil tank body. When the car is running, the impact force generated by the oil flow is first absorbed by the elastic sleeve and internal spring of the buffer end box, and then the impact potential energy is further slowed down by the heat exchange conduction box. The impact energy of the oil is effectively absorbed and dispersed, which greatly reduces the impact inertia of the oil tank body and improves the durability and service life of the oil tank.

[0024] 2. In the present invention, when the vehicle is driving, the oil continuously passes back and forth through the heat exchange box, which makes the heat exchange effect more significant and realizes the rapid heating of the oil. It not only effectively utilizes the waste heat of the engine and avoids the waste of energy, but also ensures the normal flow and efficient operation of the oil in a cold environment, thereby improving the fuel efficiency of the engine and the overall performance of the vehicle.

[0025] 3. In the present invention, the oil inside the buffer end box will impact it, and through its own inertia, the volume of the inner cavity between the buffer end box and the heat exchange guide box will change, achieving the effect of increasing and decreasing. In this process, the buffer end box continuously squeezes and absorbs the oil, and guides part of the oil into the heat exchange guide box for circulation, which not only provides additional kinetic energy for the flow of the oil in the heat exchange guide box and improves the circulation efficiency of the oil, but also effectively balances the liquid pressure in the oil tank, reduces the violent shaking of the oil, and further improves the stability and heat exchange efficiency of the oil tank during vehicle operation.

[0026] 4. In the present invention, through the multi-layer composite material structure of the oil tank, including the inner tank layer, the outer box layer and the microchannel network, when the oil tank is mechanically damaged, the repair agent can flow to the damaged area through the microchannel network to achieve automatic repair, avoid oil leakage, and improve the durability and safety of the oil tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a fuel tank body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the heat exchange conduction box structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a fuel tank body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the heat exchange conduction box structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a heat exchange box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a buffer end box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a buffer end box according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals:

[0036] 100, oil tank body; 110, oil filling port; 120, monitoring box; 130, filling nozzle; 101, inner tank layer; 102, outer box layer; 103, microchannel network;

[0037] 200, heat exchange box; 210, fixing seat; 220, first side plate; 230, inner partition plate; 240, second side plate; 250, heat exchange box; 221, heat transfer ridge; 222, liquid transfer hole; 231, liquid flow groove; 251, heat transfer coil; 252, fin; 253, communication hole;

[0038] 300, buffer end box; 310, spring; 320, elastic sleeve; 301, energy dissipation plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below in combination with specific implementations and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0040] It is to be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0041] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 8 A wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present invention is described.

[0042] Example 1: Overall structure and function of the fuel tank

[0043] The present invention provides a wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle, comprising an oil tank body 100, a heat exchange conduction box 200 and a buffer end box 300. The oil tank body 100 is a main structure, and an oil filling port 110, a monitoring box 120 and a filling nozzle 130 are provided on its surface, which are respectively used to realize the injection of oil, the filling of repair agent and the monitoring of the internal state of the oil tank.

[0044] There are two sets of heat exchange conductive boxes 200 and buffer end boxes 300, which are respectively located at the two ends of the inner cavity of the oil tank body 100. Through fixed connection and floating connection, the overall stability and durability of the oil tank are improved.

[0045] Example 2: Multilayer composite structure and self-healing mechanism

[0046] The fuel tank body 100 is composed of a multi-layer composite material structure, including:

[0047] Inner tank layer 101;

[0048] Outer box layer 102: provides external protection;

[0049] Microchannel network 103: arranged in the interlayer gap between the inner tank layer 101 and the outer box layer 102, and pre-filled with a repair agent.

[0050] When the oil tank body 100 is mechanically damaged, the damage will destroy the microchannel network 103, so that the repair agent flows to the damaged area through capillary action or pressure difference, thereby filling and repairing the damage, ensuring the integrity and safety of the oil tank body 100, and preventing oil leakage. At the same time, the repair agent can be added through the filling nozzle 130 to ensure that the self-healing function continues to be effective during long-term use.

[0051] Example 3: Oil buffer and heat exchange function

[0052] The heat exchange conduction box 200 and the buffer end box 300 are respectively disposed at two ends of the oil tank body 100 to achieve buffering and heat exchange of the oil.

[0053] The structure and function of the heat exchange box 200:

[0054] The heat exchange box 200 includes a fixing seat 210, and a first side plate 220, an inner partition plate 230, and a second side plate 240 fixed to the inner side of the fixing seat 210 in sequence. A heat exchange box 250 is provided between the first side plate 220 and the inner partition plate 230, and between the inner partition plate 230 and the second side plate 240. A heat conduction coil 251 is provided on the inner side of the heat exchange box 250, and fins 252 are evenly distributed on the surface of the heat conduction coil 251. The combination of these components enables the oil to fully flow and exchange heat inside the heat exchange box 200.

[0055] The inner partition 230 is provided with a liquid passage trough 231 for connecting the heat exchange boxes 250 on both sides. Through the design of these parts, sufficient heat exchange between the oil and the heat transfer coil 251 is achieved. When the oil flows back and forth through the heat exchange box 250, it can fully exchange heat with the refrigerant inside the heat transfer coil 251, keep the temperature at an appropriate level, and ensure the fluidity of the oil and the fuel efficiency of the engine.

[0056] The structure and function of the buffer end box 300:

[0057] The buffer end box 300 is elastically connected to the inner side of the oil tank body 100 through a floating connection, and the two sides are elastically connected to the oil tank body 100 and one side of the heat exchange guide box 200 through springs 310 and elastic sleeves 320. This design ensures that the buffer end box 300 absorbs the impact force of the oil during the shaking of the vehicle and avoids direct impact on the oil tank body 100. At the same time, during the shaking of the vehicle, the buffer end box 300 changes the volume of the inner cavity between it and the heat exchange guide box 200 through the impact of the oil inside it and its own inertia, squeezes and absorbs the oil, and causes the oil to reciprocate through the heat exchange guide box 200, providing kinetic energy for the oil and improving the circulation and heat exchange efficiency of the oil.

[0058] Example 4: Intelligent Monitoring System

[0059] The present invention sets a sensor inside the monitoring box 120 to monitor the level of the repair agent and the internal state of the tank body 100. When the repair agent is exhausted or the tank body 100 is seriously damaged, the system will send an alarm to the driver to ensure timely maintenance of the tank body 100 to avoid oil leakage.

[0060] Example 5: Oil buffering and energy recovery

[0061] During the driving process of the vehicle, the oil in the oil tank body 100 will generate impact force due to the vibration of the vehicle, and the impact force is absorbed by the buffer end box 300 and the heat exchange guide box 200. The buffer end box 300, through its floating design, generates displacement under the impact of the oil, absorbs the impact force, and through the cooperation of the elastic sleeve 320 and the heat exchange guide box 200, the oil flows back and forth, forming a heat exchange cycle between the oil and the heat transfer coil 251 inside the heat exchange box 250, ensuring the temperature regulation of the oil.

[0062] Example 6: Overall combination and optimization of structure

[0063] Both sides of the inner partition 230, the second side plate 240 and the heat exchange box 250 are provided with heat-conducting ridges 221, through which the contact area between the oil and the inner partition 230, the second side plate 240 and the heat exchange box 250 is further increased, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, through the liquid-passing groove 231 designed for the inner partition 230, the refrigerant inside the heat-conducting coil 251 is fully connected, ensuring the circulation and heat exchange of the refrigerant inside the oil tank, further improving the heating effect of the oil.

[0064] Example 7: Refrigerant circulation and oil heating

[0065] Refrigerant is filled in the heat-conducting coil 251, and the waste heat of the engine is introduced by connecting with the heat dissipation system to ensure that the oil can effectively exchange heat with the refrigerant when passing through the heat exchange box 250, avoid the decrease of oil fluidity in low-temperature environment, and ensure the stable performance of the oil tank in various environments.

[0066] Through the above embodiments, the present invention provides an effective structural design to ensure the multiple functions of the fuel tank during vehicle driving, such as buffering, heat exchange, self-healing and monitoring, and meet the high performance requirements of modern vehicle fuel tanks.

[0067] The working principle and use process of the present invention:

[0068] The present invention realizes the buffering, heating, self-healing and monitoring functions of the fuel tank body 100 through the mutual cooperation of the multi-layer composite material structure, the heat exchange conduction box 200, the buffer end box 300 and the microchannel network 103, thereby ensuring the protection and efficient use of the fuel tank body 100 during the driving of the vehicle.

[0069] 1. Working principle of oil buffer

[0070] During the driving process of the vehicle, the oil in the oil tank body 100 will generate impact force due to the vibration and shaking of the vehicle. The present invention provides a heat exchange guide box 200 and a buffer end box 300 at both ends of the oil tank body 100, and uses the elastic connection of the spring 310 and the elastic sleeve 320 to achieve buffering. When the oil is shaking, the impact force is transmitted to the buffer end box 300, and the buffer end box 300 will float and change with the impact of the oil, absorb part of the impact energy, and guide part of the oil into the inner cavity of the heat exchange guide box 200, reducing the direct impact on the oil tank body 100, playing a buffering role, and improving the durability and service life of the oil tank body 100.

[0071] 2. Working principle of oil heating

[0072] The heat exchange box 200 is connected to the heat source system of the vehicle to guide the heat to the inside of the heat exchange box 250. During the driving process of the vehicle, the oil reciprocates through the inside of the heat exchange box 250 under the shaking of the vehicle, and exchanges heat with the heat conduction coil 251, transferring the heat of the heat exchange box 250 to the oil to heat the oil. Through this design, the waste heat resources of the vehicle are effectively utilized, the temperature of the oil is increased, and the fluidity and use efficiency of the oil in a low-temperature environment are ensured.

[0073] 3. Working principle of floating installation

[0074] In the present invention, the floatingly installed buffer end box 300 can utilize the impact of the internal oil and the inertia of the buffer end box 300 itself during the shaking of the vehicle to achieve the change of the internal cavity volume between the buffer end box 300 and the heat exchange guide box 200, thereby producing the effect of squeezing and absorbing the oil. The oil reciprocates through the heat exchange guide box 200 through the elastic sleeve 320, thereby providing a certain amount of kinetic energy for the flow of the oil inside the heat exchange guide box 200, enhancing the circulation and heat transfer efficiency of the oil, and further improving the buffering and heating effect of the oil.

[0075] 4. How does self-healing work?

[0076] The fuel tank body 100 of the present invention adopts a multi-layer composite material structure, including an inner tank layer 101, an outer tank layer 102 and a microchannel network 103 arranged therebetween. When the fuel tank body 100 is mechanically damaged, the damage will destroy the microchannel network 103, causing the repair agent to flow to the damaged area through capillary action or the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the fuel tank body 100, thereby filling and repairing the damaged area. After the repair agent comes into contact with the air, a curing reaction occurs, completing the self-healing process of the fuel tank body 100, avoiding oil leakage, and improving the durability and safety of the fuel tank body 100.

[0077] Through the above working principle, the present invention realizes the functions of buffering, heating, self-healing and the like for the fuel tank body 100 during vehicle driving, thereby ensuring efficient, safe and long-term use of the fuel tank body 100.

[0078] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0079] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle, characterized in that: include: An oil tank body (100), a heat exchange conductive box (200) and a buffer end box (300); the surface of the oil tank body (100) is provided with an oil filling port (110), a monitoring box (120) and a filling nozzle (130); the heat exchange conductive box (200) and the buffer end box (300) are provided in two groups and are respectively located at two ends of the inner cavity of the oil tank body (100); one side of the heat exchange conductive box (200) is provided with an elastic sleeve (320), and the other end of the elastic sleeve (320) is fixedly connected to the surface of the heat exchange conductive box (200); a spring (310) is fixedly installed on the surface of the buffer end box (300), and the other end of the spring (310) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the oil tank body (100); The oil tank body (100) is a multi-layer composite material structure, comprising: an inner tank layer (101), an outer tank layer (102) and a microchannel network (103); the microchannel network (103) is arranged in the interlayer gap between the inner tank layer (101) and the outer tank layer (102), and is pre-filled with a repair agent; when the oil tank is mechanically damaged, the microchannel network (103) guides the repair agent to the damaged area for repair through capillary action or pressure difference between the inside and outside of the oil tank; the filling nozzle (130) is connected to the microchannel network (103) for filling the repair agent; The microchannel network has a diameter of 1 to 100 micrometers and presents a three-dimensional network structure, which is evenly distributed in the interlayer gaps between the inner tank layer (101) and the outer tank layer (102), and a higher density of microchannels is arranged in the easily damaged area of ​​the oil tank to improve the self-healing ability of the area.

2. A wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer box layer (102) is made of high-density polyethylene or a reinforced composite material, providing chemical corrosion resistance and mechanical strength; The repair agent is an epoxy resin repair agent or a polyurethane repair agent.

3. A wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The fuel tank is integrated with an intelligent monitoring system fixed inside the monitoring box (120), including a sensor Sensors monitor the level of the repair agent and the status of the tank in real time and alert the driver when the repair agent is exhausted or the tank is seriously damaged.

4. The wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two sides of the buffer end box (300) are elastically and floatingly connected to the inner side of the oil tank body (100) and one side of the heat exchange conductive box (200) respectively through springs (310) and elastic sleeves (320), and an energy dissipation plate (301) is provided on the inner side of the buffer end box (300).

5. The wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic sleeve (320) is a corrosion-resistant rubber material component, and both ends of the elastic sleeve (320) are connected to the surfaces of the buffer end box (300) and the heat exchange conductive box (200) to form a cavity structure.

6. The wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange box (200) comprises a fixing seat (210) and a first side plate (220), an inner partition plate (230) and a second side plate (240) fixed to the inner side of the fixing seat (210) in sequence; a heat exchange box (250) is provided between the first side plate (220) and the inner partition plate (230) and between the inner partition plate (230) and the second side plate (240); surfaces of the first side plate (220) and the second side plate (240) are provided with liquid guide holes (222) for oil to pass through; a surface of the inner partition plate (230) is provided with a liquid passage groove (231) for connecting the heat exchange boxes (250) on both sides; a heat conduction coil (251) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the heat exchange box (250), and the surface of the heat conduction coil (251) is provided with evenly distributed fins (252).

7. A wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner side of the heat-conducting coil (251) is filled with refrigerant, and the end of the heat-conducting coil (251) is connected to the automobile cooling system, so as to introduce the working heat of the automobile engine into the inner side of the heat-conducting coil (251) to heat the oil inside the heat exchange box (250).

8. The wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both sides of the inner baffle plate (230), the second side plate (240) and the heat exchange box (250) are provided with heat-conducting ridges (221) for improving the heat exchange efficiency between the inner baffle plate (230), the second side plate (240) and the heat exchange box (250) and the oil.

9. The wear-resistant oil tank for a vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The surface of the inner partition plate (230) is provided with a liquid hole for connecting the inner heat-conducting coils (251) of the heat exchange boxes (250) on both sides, and is used for the circulation of refrigerant inside the two heat-conducting coils (251).

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