Controlled release type bio-organic fertilizer and production process thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a controlled release type bio-organic fertilizer and a production process thereof. The biological base fertilizer is prepared by fermenting and treating organic wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and the like, the controlled-release microelement fertilizer adopts a pH-sensitive hydrogel polymeric embedding material to realize controlled release of embedded nutrient substances, and the controlled-release microbe is a multifunctional composite flora; mixing the prepared biological base fertilizer, controlled-release microelement fertilizer and controlled-release microorganisms to obtain a mixture; preparing the mixture into granules; and carrying out drying treatment on the granulated fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: process innovation is carried out on a nutrient substance controlled release method and a special microorganism adding mode, the produced controlled release type bio-organic fertilizer has the soil improvement effect of an organic fertilizer and the quick-acting fertilizer supply effect of an inorganic fertilizer, and meanwhile, continuous supply of nutrients is realized through a controlled release technology; the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to a controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer and a production process thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizer management and promotion of organic fertilizers have always been one of the environmental protection and ecological industries that the country has focused on. The release of a series of promotional policies such as promoting the resource utilization of organic fertilizers such as straw fertilizer and manure fertilizer shows that the organic fertilizer industry will become one of the country's future strategic industries.

[0003] The fertilizer industry has undergone a comprehensive green transformation, and the harmonious coexistence of man and nature has been built, and agricultural development has entered a new stage. The top priority of its goal and task is to further reduce the total amount of agricultural fertilizers used. By 2025, the nutrient structure of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements will be more reasonable, and the application of agricultural fertilizers in the country will be stable and declining. Further increase the amount of organic fertilizer resources returned to the fields. Vigorously promote the pilot of green planting and breeding circular agriculture, and organic fertilizer resources will be effectively and reasonably returned to the fields. By 2025, the proportion of organic fertilizer application area will increase by more than 5 percentage points.

[0004] At present, based on the complexity of raw materials, production processes, and application scenarios of ecological organic fertilizer production, my country has issued the national quality standard for ecological organic fertilizer, numbered GB / T51448-2022 (Organic Fertilizer Engineering Technical Standard). This standard will be implemented from February 1, 2023. As an organic fertilizer, it must meet the following requirements:

[0005] Raw materials: The main raw materials should be derived from organic farming or by-products obtained using organic methods.

[0006] Nutrients: It should contain sufficient nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. to meet the needs of crop growth.

[0007] Organic matter: The content of organic matter should meet certain standards. For example, based on dry matter, the content of organic matter should be no less than 45%.

[0008] Biological activity: It should contain certain microorganisms and beneficial bacteria to promote soil improvement and crop growth.

[0009] Sanitary quality: It should comply with relevant national sanitary quality standards and contain no substances harmful to human health.

[0010] The development of China's bio-organic fertilizer industry has indeed achieved certain achievements, which is of great significance in promoting sustainable agricultural development, improving soil environment, and improving the quality of agricultural products. However, in the face of growing market demand and strict requirements for environmental protection, the industry still needs to continue to work hard in many aspects to overcome existing shortcomings and achieve higher-level development.

[0011] Among them, strengthening technology research and development and innovation is the key. It includes (1) strain selection and compounding technology: continuously screening efficient and stable microbial strains, and improving the fertilizer efficiency and functionality of bio-organic fertilizers through scientific compounding; (2) production process optimization: improving production processes, improving production efficiency and product quality, reducing production costs, and enhancing market competitiveness; (3) new product development: according to the needs of different crops and soils, developing targeted and functional new bio-organic fertilizer products to meet diversified market needs.

[0012] In short, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to a series of problems such as soil degradation, water pollution and deterioration of agricultural product quality. In order to solve these problems, it is particularly important to develop an organic fertilizer that is both environmentally friendly and efficient. Bio-organic fertilizer has attracted widespread attention because it can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, increase crop yield and quality, and reduce environmental pollution. Summary of the invention

[0013] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer and a production process thereof, which produces a highly efficient and environmentally friendly bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing a specific controlled-release technology combined with the synergistic effect of microbial strains and organic waste.

[0014] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: a production process of a controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the steps of:

[0015] S1. Material preparation: Bio-based fertilizer is made from organic waste such as crop straw and livestock and poultry manure after fermentation and treatment, with a particle size of 30-40 mesh; controlled-release micro-fertilizer uses pH-sensitive hydrogel polymer embedding materials to achieve controlled release of embedded nutrients; slow-release microorganisms are multifunctional composite bacteria;

[0016] S2. Mixing: Mix the prepared bio-based fertilizer, controlled-release micro-fertilizer and slow-release microorganisms according to the ratio of (90-95): (3-5): (0.5-2) to obtain a mixture.

[0017] S3, Granulation: Make the mixture into 30-200 mesh granules.

[0018] S4. Post-processing: Dry the granulated fertilizer to control the moisture content to less than 10%.

[0019] Preferably, the method further includes step S0, a preparation stage, farmland soil and crop analysis, and principal component analysis.

[0020] Preferably, the farmland soil and crop analysis includes the determination of the target soil fertility, the soil requirements of the target crops, and understanding the elemental nutrition required by the target soil; the principal component analysis includes: soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, microbial biomass and trace element analysis.

[0021] Preferably, the polymer material used in the preparation of the controlled-release micro-fertilizer is a natural polymer material, including but not limited to chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose or sodium alginate.

[0022] Preferably, the polymer material used in the preparation of the controlled-release micro-fertilizer is a synthetic material, including but not limited to polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.

[0023] Preferably, the nutritional composition ratio of the controlled-release micro-fertilizer is as follows:

[0024] Boric fertilizers, micronutrient fertilizers in the form of boric acid or borax, with boron content between 5% and 20%;

[0025] Copper fertilizer, a micro-fertilizer in the form of copper sulfate, with a copper content between 10% and 50%;

[0026] Iron fertilizers, either in the form of ferrous sulfate or chelated iron, with an iron content between 5% and 20%;

[0027] Manganese fertilizer, a micro-fertilizer in the form of manganese sulfate, with a manganese content between 10% and 60%;

[0028] Zinc fertilizers, micronutrient fertilizers in the form of zinc sulfate or zinc oxide, with zinc content between 10% and 50%;

[0029] Molybdenum fertilizer, micronutrient fertilizer in the form of ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate, with a molybdenum content between 5% and 50%;

[0030] Boron-zinc fertilizer, with a boron content of 2% to 5% and a zinc content of 5% to 15%;

[0031] Iron, manganese and zinc fertilizer, iron content is 2% to 10%, manganese content is 5% to 20%, and zinc content is 2% to 10%.

[0032] Preferably, the preparation of the slow-release microorganisms is to disperse the bacterial colony in an aqueous solution to obtain a total colony count of 5×10 8 ~2×10 9 The aqueous solution of CFU bacterial flora uses tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS or methyltrimethoxysilane MTMS as precursors and adopts the sol-gel method to form a gel network to fix the microorganisms.

[0033] Preferably, the immobilization of the microorganisms comprises the steps of:

[0034] S01, TEOS and ethanol are mixed in a ratio of TEOS:ethanol = 1:4~1:10, ammonia water is added as a catalyst, and the pH is controlled at 8.0~10.0 to form a precursor solution,

[0035] S02, adding the bacterial aqueous solution to the precursor solution, stirring, and keeping the mixture at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours, after sufficient hydrolysis and condensation reaction, to form a gel,

[0036] S03. Dry the gel containing microorganisms at room temperature or vacuum dry at 35-50°C, and crush the dried material to form microorganism-containing particles of 30-60 mesh.

[0037] Preferably, in the preparation of the slow-release microorganism, the composite bacterial community is photosynthetic bacteria: lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: fermentation bacillus (15-20): (16-20): (8-10): (7-10): (33-40).

[0038] A controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by the method.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. Use pH-sensitive hydrogel polymer embedding materials, which can produce morphological and structural changes under different pH environments to control the release rate of embedded nutrients to adapt to the fertilizer requirements of crops, thereby improving fertilizer utilization. The slow release characteristics reduce nutrient loss caused by excessive fertilization and reduce the risk of water and soil pollution.

[0041] 2. By adding specific nutrients, we can understand the actual soil conditions before production, comprehensively and accurately evaluate the soil fertility level, adjust the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the controlled-release micro-fertilizer, and promote crop growth in a targeted manner. This fertilizer can reduce the amount of fertilizer used while maintaining or even increasing crop yields, thus achieving efficient fertilizer use.

[0042] 3. Effective microorganisms can be customized according to the target soil, which can not only provide nutrition for crops, but also improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, promote soil biodiversity, fix nitrogen in the atmosphere, decompose insoluble phosphorus, potassium and other elements in the soil, and improve soil fertility. Some microorganisms can also produce growth regulators, promote crop root development, and enhance crop resistance to diseases.

[0043] 4. The sol-gel method is used to form a gel network to fix the microorganisms and form particles containing microorganisms. On the one hand, it can maintain the microbial structure, and on the other hand, it is convenient to add and mix materials, making subsequent production and processing simple.

[0044] 5. Using solid waste generated by agricultural production to produce bio-organic fertilizer is in line with the national strategy of circular economy.

[0045] In summary, the present application effectively combines three materials, namely, bio-based fertilizer, controlled-release micro-fertilizer and slow-release microorganisms, and produces a highly efficient and environmentally friendly bio-organic fertilizer by utilizing a specific controlled-release technology and combining the synergistic effect of microbial strains and organic waste; technological innovations are carried out in the controlled-release method of nutrients and the method of adding special microorganisms, and the produced controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer has both the soil improvement effect of organic fertilizer and the quick-acting fertilizer supply effect of inorganic fertilizer. At the same time, the controlled-release technology is used to achieve a continuous supply of nutrients, improve fertilizer utilization, and reduce environmental pollution; moreover, the formula is adjusted based on target soil analysis, and the produced controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer has a more significant effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 This is the process flow chart for the production of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the preparation process of slow-release microorganisms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0049] A production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer, combined with Figure 1 Understanding, including steps:

[0050] S1. Material preparation: Bio-based fertilizer is made from organic waste such as crop straw and livestock and poultry manure after fermentation and treatment, with a particle size of 30-40 mesh; controlled-release micro-fertilizer uses pH-sensitive hydrogel polymer embedding materials to achieve controlled release of embedded nutrients; slow-release microorganisms are multifunctional composite bacteria;

[0051] Among them, in controlled-release micro-fertilizers, pH-sensitive hydrogel polymer encapsulation materials can produce morphological and structural changes under different pH environments, accelerate or slow down the decomposition rate, and thus control the release rate of embedded nutrients to adapt to the fertilizer requirements of crops, thereby improving fertilizer utilization. The slow release characteristics reduce nutrient loss caused by excessive fertilization and reduce the risk of water and soil pollution. The nutrients in controlled-release micro-fertilizers can understand the actual soil conditions before production, comprehensively and accurately evaluate the soil fertility level, adjust nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and make targeted preparations.

[0052] Multifunctional composite bacterial communities can be understood as different biological organic fertilizers produced by customizing different microorganisms according to demand. They can not only provide nutrition for crops, but also improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, promote soil biodiversity, fix nitrogen in the atmosphere, decompose insoluble phosphorus, potassium and other elements in the soil, and improve soil fertility. Some microorganisms can also produce growth regulators, promote crop root development, and enhance crop resistance to diseases.

[0053] S2. Mixing: Mix the prepared bio-based fertilizer, controlled-release micro-fertilizer and slow-release microorganisms according to the ratio of (90-95): (3-5): (0.5-2) to obtain a mixture.

[0054] S3, Granulation: Make the mixture into 30-200 mesh granules.

[0055] S4. Post-processing: Dry the granulated fertilizer to control the moisture content to less than 10%.

[0056] In one embodiment, the method further includes step S0, a preparation phase, farmland soil and crop analysis, and principal component analysis.

[0057] In one embodiment, the farmland soil and crop analysis includes the determination of the target soil fertility, the soil requirements of the target crops, and the understanding of the elemental nutrition required by the target soil; the principal component analysis includes: soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, microbial biomass, and trace element analysis. The determination of the target soil fertility includes the collection of soil samples, the detection of physical and chemical properties, the determination of nutrient content, and comprehensive evaluation, etc., which comprehensively and accurately evaluates the soil fertility level and provides an important decision-making basis for the production of biological organic fertilizers.

[0058] In one embodiment, the polymer material used in the preparation of the controlled-release micro-fertilizer is a natural polymer material, including but not limited to chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose or sodium alginate.

[0059] In one embodiment, the polymer material used in the preparation of the controlled-release micro-fertilizer is a synthetic material, including but not limited to polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.

[0060] In one embodiment, the ratio of nutrients in the controlled-release micro-fertilizer is as follows:

[0061] Boric fertilizers, micronutrient fertilizers in the form of boric acid or borax, with boron content between 5% and 20%;

[0062] Copper fertilizer, a micro-fertilizer in the form of copper sulfate, with a copper content between 10% and 50%;

[0063] Iron fertilizers, either in the form of ferrous sulfate or chelated iron, with an iron content between 5% and 20%;

[0064] Manganese fertilizer, a micro-fertilizer in the form of manganese sulfate, with a manganese content between 10% and 60%;

[0065] Zinc fertilizers, micronutrient fertilizers in the form of zinc sulfate or zinc oxide, with zinc content between 10% and 50%;

[0066] Molybdenum fertilizer, micronutrient fertilizer in the form of ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate, with a molybdenum content between 5% and 50%;

[0067] Boron-zinc fertilizer, with a boron content of 2% to 5% and a zinc content of 5% to 15%;

[0068] Iron, manganese and zinc fertilizer, iron content is 2% to 10%, manganese content is 5% to 20%, and zinc content is 2% to 10%.

[0069] In one embodiment, the preparation of slow-release microorganisms is to disperse the bacterial colony in an aqueous solution to obtain a total number of 5×10 8 ~2×10 9 The aqueous solution of CFU bacterial flora uses tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS or methyltrimethoxysilane MTMS as precursors and adopts the sol-gel method to form a gel network to fix the microorganisms.

[0070] In one embodiment, in combination Figure 2 It is understood that the fixation of microorganisms comprises the steps of:

[0071] S01, TEOS and ethanol are mixed in a ratio of TEOS:ethanol = 1:4~1:10, ammonia water is added as a catalyst, and the pH is controlled at 8.0~10.0 to form a precursor solution,

[0072] S02, adding the bacterial aqueous solution to the precursor solution, stirring, and keeping the mixture at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours, after sufficient hydrolysis and condensation reaction, to form a gel,

[0073] S03. Dry the gel containing microorganisms at room temperature or vacuum dry at 35-50°C, and crush the dried material to form microorganism-containing particles of 30-60 mesh.

[0074] In one embodiment, in the preparation of slow-release microorganisms, the composite bacterial community is photosynthetic bacteria: lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: fermentation bacillus (15-20): (16-20): (8-10): (7-10): (33-40).

[0075] A controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by the method.

[0076] Example 1: A production process of a controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer, which effectively combines three materials: bio-based fertilizer, controlled-release micro-fertilizer and slow-release microorganisms. The production of this fertilizer not only considers the ratio of various materials, but also pays attention to their release rate in the soil and their ability to continuously provide fertilizer to plants. It includes the following steps:

[0077] Step 1: Preparation stage for controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer production, including: farmland soil and crop analysis, principal component analysis, bio-based fertilizer preparation, etc.

[0078] Step 2: Preparation of controlled-release micro-fertilizer, including controlled-release technology, controlled-release materials, release mechanism, etc.

[0079] Step 3: Slow-release microorganism acquisition stage, including effective soil microorganism EM screening, EM effective bacterial flora functional compound, EM microorganism fixation, etc.;

[0080] Step 4: mixing and granulating, including uniform mixing and granulating process stages;

[0081] Step 5: Post-processing stage, drying, cooling and quality inspection stage;

[0082] Step 6: Packaging and storage stage.

[0083] Among them, 1. Preparation stage for production of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer

[0084] 1. Analysis of farmland soil and crops, including determination of target soil fertility, soil requirements of target crops, and understanding of the nutrients required by the target soil.

[0085] 2. Principal component analysis:

[0086] Soil pH: Use a pH meter or pH test paper to determine the acidity or alkalinity of your soil.

[0087] Organic matter content: The organic matter content of the soil is determined by the loss on ignition method, which can be either dry or wet.

[0088] Total nitrogen content: Kjeldahl method or Dumas combustion method was used to determine the total nitrogen in the soil.

[0089] Available phosphorus: Extracted with sodium bicarbonate or hydrochloric acid and then determined by colorimetry.

[0090] Available potassium: extracted with ammonium acetate and determined by flame photometry or atomic absorption spectrometry.

[0091] Exchangeable calcium and magnesium: determined by EDTA complexometric titration.

[0092] Microbial biomass: Soil microbial biomass carbon was determined by the chloroform fumigation method.

[0093] Trace element analysis: Elemental analysis method, determination of boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and molybdenum.

[0094] 3. Bio-based fertilizer: It is usually made from organic waste such as crop straw and livestock and poultry manure after fermentation and treatment. It has a particle size of 30~40 mesh and is rich in organic matter and multiple nutrients. The content of one organic matter is not less than 60%.

[0095] 2. Preparation stage of controlled release micro-fertilizer

[0096] 1. Controlled release technology: pH-sensitive hydrogel polymer embedding materials are used. They can produce morphological and structural changes under different pH environments, thereby achieving controlled release of embedded nutrients. Its polymer materials mainly include natural polymer materials such as chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, and synthetic materials such as polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid. If sodium alginate is used as an embedding material, its mass percentage concentration is controlled between 2% and 4%.

[0097] 2. Controlled-release nutrients: According to the different requirements of different crops and soil conditions for trace elements, the nutrients are adjusted according to the following proportions:

[0098] Boron fertilizer: Common micro-fertilizers in the form of boric acid or borax, with a boron content between 5% and 20%.

[0099] Copper fertilizer: A micronutrient fertilizer in the form of copper sulfate, with a copper content between 10% and 50%.

[0100] Iron fertilizer: Micro-fertilizer in the form of ferrous sulfate or chelated iron, with an iron content between 5% and 20%.

[0101] Manganese fertilizer: A trace element fertilizer in the form of manganese sulfate, with a manganese content between 10% and 60%.

[0102] Zinc fertilizer: Micronutrient fertilizer in the form of zinc sulfate or zinc oxide, with a zinc content between 10% and 50%.

[0103] Molybdenum fertilizer: Micro-fertilizer in the form of ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate, with a molybdenum content between 5% and 50%.

[0104] Boron-zinc fertilizer: boron content 2% to 5%, zinc content 5% to 15%.

[0105] Iron, manganese and zinc fertilizer: iron content 2% to 10%, manganese content 5% to 20%, zinc content 2% to 10%.

[0106] 3. Release mechanism: pH-sensitive hydrogels are a type of material that can change its volume, shape or swelling properties in response to changes in environmental pH. The release of nutrients in encapsulated fertilizers mainly depends on changes in environmental pH. The pH is controlled between 2 and 10 to achieve a supply that matches the fertilizer requirements of crops.

[0107] 3. Slow-release microorganism acquisition stage

[0108] 1. EM screening of effective soil microorganisms: Use sterile tools to collect samples from the soil surface and at different depths, dilute the soil samples with sterile water, and prepare suspensions of different dilutions. Use the plate streak method or the dilution spread plate method to separate the microorganisms onto the selective culture medium; use slant culture medium or liquid culture medium stored at 4°C or room temperature.

[0109] 2. EM effective bacterial community functional complex: construct multifunctional composite bacterial communities, such as engineered bacteria with the functions of solubilizing phosphate, degrading pesticides and salt tolerance, to improve soil fertility and crop resistance. The EM used in agriculture in the present invention focuses more on microorganisms that promote plant growth and soil improvement. The ratio of its composite bacterial community is photosynthetic bacteria: lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: fermentation bacillus (15-20): (16-20): (8-10): (7-10): (33-40). The above effective bacterial communities are dispersed in aqueous solution, with a total colony count of 5×10 per milliliter. 8 ~2×10 9 CFU (colony fulfilment unit).

[0110] 3. EM microbial fixation: The sol-gel method is used to fix the microorganisms: by mixing the microorganisms with the precursor solution, the sol-gel process is initiated under certain conditions to form a gel network, thereby fixing the microorganisms.

[0111] Using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) or methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) precursors, the sol-gel method was used to prepare fixed microorganisms. TEOS was mixed with ethanol, TEOS:ethanol = 1:4~1:10, and ammonia water was added as a catalyst. The pH was controlled at 8.0~10.0 to promote hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The microorganisms were added to the solution and gently stirred with a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was kept at room temperature for 12~24 hours. After sufficient hydrolysis and condensation reactions, a gel was formed. The gel containing microorganisms was dried at room temperature or vacuum dried at 35~50℃, and the dried material was crushed to form 30~60 mesh microorganism-containing particles.

[0112] 4. Mixing and granulation

[0113] 1. Even mixing: Mix the prepared bio-based fertilizer, controlled-release micro-fertilizer and slow-release microorganisms in a certain proportion. The proportion is controlled according to the actual situation. Bio-based fertilizer: controlled-release micro-fertilizer: slow-release microorganism = (90~95): (3~5): (0.5~2) to ensure that each component is evenly distributed.

[0114] 2. Granulation process: Use mechanical granulation or spouted bed granulation technology to make the mixture into 30-200 mesh granules for easy application and controlled release.

[0115] 5. Post-processing

[0116] 1. Drying and cooling: Dry the granulated fertilizer to reduce the moisture content to less than 10% to ensure the storage stability of the fertilizer.

[0117] 2. Quality inspection: Carry out quality inspection on finished products, including indicators such as nutrient content, capsule integrity, and microbial activity, to ensure that the products meet the GB / T51448-2022 standard.

[0118] 6. Packaging and storage

[0119] 1. Packaging: Qualified fertilizer products should be packaged in a standardized manner, with product information, nutrient content and instructions for use indicated.

[0120] 2. Storage: Store in a cool and dry place, avoid high temperature and humidity to maintain the effectiveness and stability of the fertilizer.

[0121] As mentioned above, the production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer includes multiple steps such as raw material preparation, coating technology application, slow-release microorganism addition, mixed granulation and post-processing. This fertilizer has both the soil improvement effect of organic fertilizer and the quick-acting fertilizer supply effect of inorganic fertilizer. At the same time, the controlled-release technology realizes the continuous supply of nutrients, improves the fertilizer utilization rate and reduces environmental pollution. In actual production, it is necessary to strictly control the operation of each link to ensure that the product quality reaches the expected effect.

[0122] Example 2: A coastal saline-alkali land in Weifang is planned to be transformed to plant pumpkins. The saline-alkali land transformation is planned to be carried out using ecological organic fertilizers, and specific ecological organic fertilizers are customized to achieve the above purpose.

[0123] Here are the steps:

[0124] S1. First, conduct soil analysis.

[0125] Soil pH: 9.5, moderately saline-alkali soil;

[0126] Organic matter content: 0.7%, low organic matter content;

[0127] Total nitrogen content: 31mg / kg;

[0128] Available phosphorus: 5.5 mg / kg;

[0129] Fast-acting potassium: 72.6 mg / kg;

[0130] Exchangeable calcium and magnesium: 1254 mg / kg;

[0131] Microbial biomass: microbial biomass carbon MBC0.2%;

[0132] Trace element analysis: boron 2.12 mg / kg, copper 1.24 mg / kg, iron 36.6 mg / kg, manganese 51.3 mg / kg, zinc 0.02 mg / kg, molybdenum 0.31 mg / kg.

[0133] From the above analysis, we can see that the saline-alkali soil is seriously lacking in conventional nutrients and microbial communities. In addition, for cucurbitaceous vegetables such as pumpkin and cucumber, boron and zinc have an important influence on the size and shape of the fruit, and the zinc content is low and needs to be supplemented. Boron and other trace elements are acceptable.

[0134] S2. Prepare materials:

[0135] Bio-based fertilizer: The dairy farming industry in this region is well developed, and cow dung is the main fertilizer, which is fermented and processed into bio-based fertilizer with a particle size of 30~40 mesh;

[0136] Controlled-release micro-fertilizer: Dissolve zinc sulfate into a 20% aqueous solution, add hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.0, use 3% sodium alginate as the embedding material, and make 30-50 mesh particles after embedding and solidification;

[0137] Slow-release microorganisms: The composite flora focuses on microorganisms that promote plant growth and soil improvement. The photosynthetic bacteria: lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: fermentation bacillus = 15:16:8:7:33 ratio is dispersed in water to prepare an aqueous solution of the flora, i.e., an effective microorganism EM stock solution. Then, TEOS and ethanol are mixed according to the ratio of TEOS: ethanol = 1:4, and ammonia water is added as a catalyst to control the pH to 9.5 to promote hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The prepared effective microorganism EM stock solution is 10 9 CFU, added to the solution, gently stirred with a magnetic stirrer, and the mixture was kept at room temperature for 18 hours to form a gel after sufficient hydrolysis and condensation reaction. The gel containing microorganisms was vacuum dried at 40°C, and the dried material was crushed to form microorganism-containing particles of 30-60 mesh.

[0138] S3. Mixing: Mix the prepared bio-based fertilizer, controlled-release micro-fertilizer, and slow-release microorganisms, with the ratio of bio-based fertilizer: controlled-release micro-fertilizer: slow-release microorganism = 95:4:1 to ensure that each component is evenly distributed.

[0139] S4, Granulation: Use mechanical granulation or spouted bed granulation technology to make the mixture into 30-200 mesh granules.

[0140] S5. Post-processing: drying, cooling, packaging and storage for future use.

[0141] Specific effects of implementation: Due to the moderate alkalinity, the use of 20 tons / mu of the above customized controlled-release ecological organic fertilizer increased the soil organic matter content from the original 0.7% to 1.8%; the number of soil microorganisms increased by 20%, and the pH value decreased by 1.5 units, effectively reducing the degree of soil salinization; and the annual output of pumpkin planting increased by 50%.

[0142] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A production process for controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1. Material preparation: Bio-based fertilizer is made from organic waste such as crop straw and livestock and poultry manure after fermentation and treatment, with a particle size of 30-40 mesh; controlled-release micro-fertilizer uses pH-sensitive hydrogel polymer embedding materials to achieve controlled release of embedded nutrients; slow-release microorganisms are multifunctional composite bacteria; S2. Mixing: Mix the prepared bio-based fertilizer, controlled-release micro-fertilizer and slow-release microorganisms according to the ratio of (90-95): (3-5): (0.5-2) to obtain a mixture. S3, Granulation: Make the mixture into 30-200 mesh granules. S4. Post-processing: Dry the granulated fertilizer to control the moisture content to less than 10%.

2. The production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes step S0, a preparation stage, farmland soil and crop analysis, and principal component analysis.

3. The production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, Farmland soil and crop analysis includes the determination of target soil fertility, soil requirements of target crops, and understanding of the elemental nutrients required by the target soil; principal component analysis includes: soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, microbial biomass, and trace element analysis.

4. The production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The polymer material used in the preparation of the controlled-release micro-fertilizer is a natural polymer material, including but not limited to chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose or sodium alginate.

5. The production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The polymer material used in the preparation of controlled-release micro-fertilizer is a synthetic material, including but not limited to polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.

6. The production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nutritional composition ratio of controlled-release micro-fertilizer is as follows: Boric fertilizers, micronutrient fertilizers in the form of boric acid or borax, with boron content between 5% and 20%; Copper fertilizer, a micro-fertilizer in the form of copper sulfate, with a copper content between 10% and 50%; Iron fertilizers, either in the form of ferrous sulfate or chelated iron, with an iron content between 5% and 20%; Manganese fertilizer, a micro-fertilizer in the form of manganese sulfate, with a manganese content between 10% and 60%; Zinc fertilizers, micronutrient fertilizers in the form of zinc sulfate or zinc oxide, with zinc content between 10% and 50%; Molybdenum fertilizer, micronutrient fertilizer in the form of ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate, with a molybdenum content between 5% and 50%; Boron-zinc fertilizer, with a boron content of 2% to 5% and a zinc content of 5% to 15%; Iron, manganese and zinc fertilizer, iron content is 2% to 10%, manganese content is 5% to 20%, and zinc content is 2% to 10%.

7. The production process of the controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Preparation of slow-release microorganisms: Disperse the bacterial colony in an aqueous solution to obtain a total colony count of 5×10 per ml. 8 ~2×10 9 The aqueous solution of CFU bacterial flora uses tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS or methyltrimethoxysilane MTMS as precursors and adopts the sol-gel method to form a gel network to fix the microorganisms.

8. The production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixation of microorganisms includes the steps: S01, TEOS and ethanol are mixed in a ratio of TEOS:ethanol = 1:4~1:10, ammonia water is added as a catalyst, and the pH is controlled at 8.0~10.0 to form a precursor solution, S02, adding the bacterial aqueous solution to the precursor solution, stirring, and keeping the mixture at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours, after sufficient hydrolysis and condensation reaction, to form a gel, S03. Dry the gel containing microorganisms at room temperature or vacuum dry at 35-50°C, and crush the dried material to form microorganism-containing particles of 30-60 mesh.

9. The production process of controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the preparation of slow-release microorganisms, the composite bacterial community is photosynthetic bacteria: lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: fermentation bacillus (15~20): (16~20): (8~10): (7~10): (33~40).

10. A controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that: A controlled-release bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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