Steel beam hoisting clamp and checking method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of steel beam hoisting construction, in particular to a steel beam hoisting clamp and a checking method. According to the hoisting clamp, the two movable clamping blocks are arranged on the clamp body, the two movable clamping blocks clamp and fix the steel beam by adjusting the positions of the movable clamping blocks, the lifting lug holes are formed in the clamp body, and compared with the mode that lifting lugs are welded to the steel beam, the hoisting clamp has the advantages of being convenient to disassemble and assemble, easy to operate, free of damage to the steel beam structure, capable of being used repeatedly and the like; a macroscopic finite element model with the same size as an actual steel beam is established, a fine finite element model of a hoisting clamp and a beam unit is established, and constraint is established between the two models to form a multi-scale combined model, so that the stress change of the hoisting clamp and the steel beam closer to an actual working condition can be accurately simulated; therefore, whether the stress values of the hoisting clamp and the steel beam exceed the strength boundary of the hoisting clamp and the steel beam or not is judged more accurately, and a more accurate technical guarantee is provided for hoisting construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of steel beam hoisting construction, in particular to a steel beam hoisting fixture and a checking method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the construction industry, the demand for steel beams is increasing day by day. In the traditional steel beam hoisting process, it is usually necessary to weld lifting ears on the steel beams, and connect the lifting ears and lifting equipment with steel wire ropes. After welding, the position of the lifting ears is difficult to adjust, which seriously limits the flexibility of construction, and the high temperature during welding may affect the structural stability of the steel beams; for some functional and artistic steel beams, such as steel sculptures and exposed steel frame structures, secondary welding is usually not allowed on them for functional considerations, so movable lifting ears came into being; however, the structure of movable lifting ears is more complicated than that of welded lifting ears. In order to ensure the safety of hoisting, the position and number of movable lifting ears need to be checked according to parameters such as the shape, size, weight and size of the steel beam; the traditional verification method only relies on parameters such as the position of the movable lifting ears, the hoisting angle and the weight of the steel beam to calculate the stress change of the movable lifting ears, which is different from the actual stress distribution of the steel beam, resulting in inaccurate verification. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that welding of lifting lugs on steel beams may affect the stability of the steel beam structure, and the position and quantity of the movable lifting lugs may be inaccurately checked.

[0004] In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a lifting fixture capable of preventing lifting ears from affecting the stability of a steel beam structure, and a verification method capable of accurately verifying the position and number of movable lifting ears.

[0005] The present invention mentions a steel beam lifting clamp, and its specific solution is: it is suitable for I-beam steel beams, including a clamp body and movable clamping blocks respectively movably arranged at both ends of the clamp body, the two movable clamping blocks are symmetrically arranged, and the steel beam is clamped by the two movable clamping blocks; a lifting ear hole is opened on the clamp body.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention using the above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0007] The steel beam lifting clamp of the present invention is provided with two movable active clamping blocks on the clamp body. The positions of the movable clamping blocks are adjusted so that the two movable clamping blocks clamp the steel beam, and lifting ear holes are opened on the clamp body. The lifting ear holes and the lifting equipment are connected by steel wire ropes to lift the steel beam. Compared with welding lifting ears on the steel beam, the lifting clamp of the present invention has the advantages of easy disassembly and assembly, simple operation, no damage to the steel beam structure, multiple uses, and more environmental protection.

[0008] Preferably, a further technical solution of the present invention is:

[0009] The top of the clamp body is provided with a sliding groove, and the bottoms of the two movable clamping blocks are slidably arranged in the sliding groove. By adjusting the position of the movable clamping blocks in the sliding groove, the spacing of the movable clamping blocks can be adjusted so that the two movable clamping blocks are clamped on the steel beam.

[0010] The two ends of the clamp body are rotatably provided with pins, the axial direction of the pins is parallel to the length direction of the clamp body, and the pins are circumferentially provided with threaded sections; the two ends of the clamp body are respectively provided with pin openings, the top ends of the pin openings are connected with the sliding grooves, and the threaded sections at the two ends are respectively rotatably provided in the two pin openings, and the bottom of the movable clamp block is provided with a plurality of notches, and the notches are embedded and connected with the threaded sections. The pin rotates in the pin openings, driving the threaded sections on the pins to rotate, and the movable clamp block moves based on the threaded sections through the notches at the bottom of the movable clamp block that are embedded with the threaded sections, thereby adjusting the position of the movable clamp block.

[0011] A rotating shaft is coaxially inserted in the pin shaft, and the outer end of the rotating shaft extends to the outside of the clamp body, so that the pin shaft can be driven to rotate by the rotating shaft.

[0012] The present invention provides a method for checking the installation of a steel beam, and the specific scheme thereof comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Preliminarily determine the number and position of the lifting points of the steel beam according to the lifting plan, install the lifting fixture at the lifting point position, clamp the two movable clamps of the lifting fixture on the steel beam, open the lifting ear holes on the fixture body, and connect the lifting ear holes and the lifting equipment with steel wire ropes;

[0014] Step 2: Calculate the force value of each lifting fixture respectively, and preliminarily determine the size parameters and materials of the lifting fixture according to the force value;

[0015] Step 3: Establish a macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam with the same actual size as the steel beam to be hoisted;

[0016] Step 4, intercepting the beam unit at the hanging point position in step 1 in the steel beam macro finite element model in step 3, and deleting the beam unit from the steel beam macro finite element model;

[0017] Step 5: Establish a fine finite element model of each lifting fixture determined in step 2, establish a fine finite element model of a beam unit with the same size as the beam unit deleted in step 4, and combine the fine finite element model of the lifting fixture with the fine finite element model of the beam unit to form a complete fine finite element model;

[0018] Step 6: Constrain the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam in step 4 and the complete fine finite element model in step 5 to form a multi-scale combined model;

[0019] Step 7: Divide the multi-scale combined model into grids, and apply a weight corresponding to the force value to each lifting fixture in the multi-scale combined model;

[0020] Step 8. Generate stress cloud maps and deformation cloud maps of each lifting fixture based on the multi-scale combined model calculation, analyze the stress values ​​of the lifting fixture and the stress values ​​of the steel beams near the lifting points, and determine whether the stress values ​​of the lifting fixture and the steel beam exceed the stress strength that the lifting fixture material and the steel beam material can withstand; if so, return to steps 1 and 2, and redetermine the number of lifting points, lifting point locations, size parameters and materials of the lifting fixture.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention using the above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The verification method of the present invention establishes a macroscopic finite element model with the same size as the actual steel beam, establishes a fine finite element model of the lifting fixture and beam unit with the same size as the preset size, and establishes constraints between the macroscopic finite element model and the fine finite element model to form a multi-scale combined model. It can accurately simulate the stress changes of the lifting fixture and steel beam that are closer to the actual working conditions, and obtain results that are closer to the actual stress distribution, so that it is more accurate to judge whether the stress values ​​of the lifting fixture and the steel beam exceed the strength boundaries of the lifting fixture and the steel beam, thereby providing more accurate technical guarantees for the construction of lifting operations.

[0023] Preferably, a further technical solution of the present invention is:

[0024] The calculation formula for calculating the force value of each lifting fixture is:

[0025] F=n -1 sin∝ -1 G

[0026] Among them, n is the number of lifting points, G is the weight of the steel beam, and ∝ is the angle between the wire rope of the lifting fixture and the horizontal plane.

[0027] In step six, the constraints of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam and the complete fine finite element model are established through multi-point constraint equations to form a multi-scale combined model. The formula of the multi-point constraint equation is:

[0028] c(u B ,u s )=u B -Cu s =0

[0029] Among them, u B is the displacement vector of the cross-section connection of the steel beam macroscopic finite element model, u s is the displacement vector of the cross-section connection of the complete refined finite element model, C is the coefficient matrix of the cross-section connection constraint equation;

[0030] The multi-point constraint equations are solved by the section displacement relationship of different scale models at the section connection:

[0031] u 1Si -f 1i (u 1B ,u 5B ,u 6B , b, h...)=0

[0032] u 2Si -f 2i (u 2B ,u 4B , b, h...)=0

[0033] u 3Si -f 3i (u 3B ,u 4B , b, h...)=0

[0034] u 1B 、u 2B 、u 3B is the axial and tangential displacements at the cross-section connection of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam;

[0035] u 1Si 、u 2Si 、u 3Si is the axial and tangential displacement of the i-th point at the cross-section connection of the complete refined finite element model;

[0036] u 4B 、u 5B 、u 6B is the angular displacement of the cross-section connection of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam;

[0037] b is the cross-sectional width of the component; h is the cross-sectional height.

[0038] The stress value of the hoisting fixture and the stress value of the steel beam near the hoisting point are calculated using the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, δ1 is the maximum principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, δ2 is the intermediate principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, δ3 is the minimum principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, and f s is the yield stress of steel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 is a structural side view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of the hanging point of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 is a complete and refined finite element model after Boolean operation of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a multi-scale combination model of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 is a stress cloud diagram of a steel beam according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 is a stress cloud diagram of the lifting fixture of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] In the figure: 1. clamp body; 11. lifting ear hole; 12. pin shaft opening; 13. sliding groove; 2. rotating shaft; 21. pin shaft; 22. threaded section; 3. movable clamping block; 31. anti-slip rubber pad; 32. sliding bar; 33. notch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, the purpose of which is only to provide a better understanding of the content of the present invention. Therefore, the examples given do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] See attached Figure 1-3The first embodiment of the present invention discloses a steel beam lifting fixture, which is suitable for I-beam steel beams, including a fixture body 1 and movable clamping blocks 3 respectively arranged at both ends of the fixture body 1. Specifically, a sliding groove 13 penetrating the left and right ends of the fixture body 1 is opened on the top of the fixture body 1, and the upper cross-section of the sliding groove 13 is rectangular, and the lower cross-section of the sliding groove 13 is circular; the movable clamping block 3 is arranged in an L shape, and the two movable clamping blocks 3 are symmetrically arranged and the clamping openings of the two movable clamping blocks 3 are opposite, and the bottoms of the two movable clamping blocks 3 are fixed with semi-cylindrical slide bars 3 2, the cross-sectional diameter of the slide bar 32 is slightly smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the circular groove at the bottom of the sliding groove 13, so that the slide bar 32 can slide at the bottom of the sliding groove 13, and a plurality of notches 33 are equidistantly provided at the bottom of the slide bar 32. The two ends of the fixture body 1 are rotatably inserted with rotating shafts 2, and the outer ends of the two rotating shafts 2 extend out of the fixture body 1. The axial directions of the two rotating shafts 2 are parallel to the length direction of the fixture body 1. The two rotating shafts 2 are coaxially fixed with pins 21, and the pins 21 are fixed with threaded sections 22, and the threaded sections 22 are embedded and connected with the notches 33. The two ends of the body 1 are respectively provided with a pin shaft opening 12 which passes through the front and rear sides of the clamp body 1. The top of the pin shaft opening 12 is connected with the sliding groove 13. The length of the pin shaft opening 12 is the same as the length of the threaded section 22, so that the threaded section 22 can rotate in the pin shaft opening 12. The clamp body 1 is provided with a lifting ear hole 11. When the clamp is hoisted, the rotating shaft 2 can drive the pin shaft 21 to rotate, thereby driving the threaded section 22 to rotate, so that the slide bar 32 which is embedded with the threaded section 22 and limited by the sliding groove 13 can only move in the sliding groove 13, thereby bringing The movable clamping block 3 is moved to adjust the distance between the two movable clamping blocks 3, and then the two movable clamping blocks 3 are clamped on the flanges on both sides of the I-beam steel beam, so that the front ends of the two movable clamping blocks 3 are abutted against the side walls on both sides of the I-beam steel beam, so as to fix the lifting fixture on the lifting point position of the steel beam. Preferably, the two movable clamping blocks 3 are fixed with anti-skid rubber pads 31 on the inner side surfaces close to the clamp body 1. When the movable clamping blocks 3 clamp the I-beam steel beam, the friction between the movable clamping blocks 3 and the flanges can be increased by the anti-skid rubber pads 31, making the clamping more stable.

[0052] The steel beam lifting clamp of the present embodiment is provided with two movable active clamping blocks 3 on the clamp body 1. By adjusting the positions of the movable clamping blocks 3, the two movable clamping blocks 3 can clamp the steel beam, and a lifting ear hole 11 is opened on the clamp body 1. The lifting ear hole 11 and the lifting equipment are connected by a steel wire rope to lift the steel beam. Compared with welding the lifting ears on the steel beam, the lifting clamp of the present invention has the advantages of easy disassembly and assembly, simple operation, no damage to the steel beam structure, multiple uses, and more environmental protection.

[0053] See attached Figure 4-8 The second embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for checking the installation of a steel beam, which is illustrated by taking a steel beam weighing two tons as an example, and includes the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Preliminarily determine the number and positions of the lifting points on the steel beam according to the lifting plan, refer to Table 1 below, install the lifting fixture at the lifting point position, clamp the two movable clamps of the lifting fixture on the steel beam, open the lifting ear holes on the fixture body, and connect the lifting ear holes to the lifting equipment through steel wire ropes;

[0055] Table 1

[0056] Serial number name symbol Numeric unit 1 Number of hanging points <![CDATA[ n ]]> 4 / 2 Steel beam weight <![CDATA[G a ]]> 2 t 4 Angle between the wire rope and the horizontal plane α 45 5 Horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the steel beam to the hanging point L 10 m

[0057] Step 2: Calculate the force value of each lifting fixture respectively. The calculation formula for calculating the force value of each lifting fixture is:

[0058] F=n -1 sin∝ -1 G

[0059] Where n is the number of lifting points, G is the weight of the steel beam, and ∝ is the angle between the steel wire rope of the lifting fixture and the horizontal plane;

[0060] From this, we can know that the force value of a single lifting fixture is: F = 4 -1 sin45° -1 2t=3.54kN;

[0061] According to the force value, the size parameters and material mechanical parameters of the lifting fixture are preliminarily determined, including the thickness, length, height and material of the lifting fixture, as shown in Table 2 below:

[0062] Table 2

[0063] Serial number name symbol Numeric unit 1 Size of movable clamp <![CDATA[H L ×B L ]]> 200×100 mm 2 Fixture body size <![CDATA[H D ×B D ]]> 580×160 mm 3 Material Q235B

[0064] Step 3: Establish a macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam with the same actual size as the steel beam to be hoisted; according to the structural drawing or construction detail drawing of the steel beam, it is necessary to obtain its key dimensional parameter information, including the cross section, structural form and material used of the steel beam. Then, in the finite element analysis software Midas / Gen, use the Beam unit (i.e. beam unit) to construct a three-dimensional wireframe model of the steel beam. In this process, the material selected is Q235B material in the Midas built-in database GB50018-02;

[0065] Step 4: In the steel beam macro finite element model of step 3, the beam unit at the hanging point position determined in step 1 is intercepted, and the beam unit is deleted from the steel beam macro finite element model; specifically, the "unit split" command of Midas is used at the selected hanging point position to split the beam unit at the hanging point position. In this example, the cross-section specification is set to HN248×124×5×8, and the interception length is: L=Nh=5×248mm=1240mm; then the "unit delete" command is used to delete the intercepted beam unit;

[0066] Step 5: In the Midas / Gen software, establish the fine finite element model of each lifting fixture determined in step 2, then establish a fine finite element model of the beam unit with the same size as the beam unit deleted in step 4, and combine the fine finite element model of the lifting fixture and the fine finite element model of the beam unit through Boolean operation to form a complete fine finite element model;

[0067] Step six, constrain the steel beam macro finite element model of step four and the complete fine finite element model of step five through multi-point constraint equations to form a multi-scale combined model; the specific operation is: select an integration point on the contact surface of the complete fine finite element model, and then, Tie (bind) couple the degrees of freedom of all points on the cross section except the integration point; finally, Tie (bind) couple the beam unit on the corresponding contact surface of the steel beam macro finite element model with the selected integration point to achieve the connection between the two models; for other finite element software, such as ABAQUS, ADINA, etc., when connecting the multi-scale combined model, the FEniCS automated finite element software library can be used to embed the coarse grid into the fine grid, and use the solution of the coarse grid as the initial value, further calculate the solution of the fine grid, and then input the merged grid into the corresponding finite element software through compilation for the final solution.

[0068] Step 7. Assign physical properties to each material in the multi-scale combined model, including parameters such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and density, and then divide the multi-scale combined model into grids to ensure that key stress changes can be captured; when dividing the grid, use free grid division technology, and optimize the grid quality by adjusting the number of grids, edge length and curvature; the size of the grid is determined according to the specific size of the divided component, preferably set between 10mm and 20mm; for the complete fine finite element model, the C3D8R eight-node hexahedron linear reduced integration unit is used; and the steel beam macro finite element model uses a three-dimensional line unit; then apply the weight corresponding to the force value to each lifting fixture in the multi-scale combined model;

[0069] Step 8. Generate stress cloud map and deformation cloud map of each lifting fixture according to the multi-scale combination model calculation, analyze the stress value of the lifting fixture and the stress value of the steel beam near the lifting point, and judge whether the stress value of the lifting fixture and the stress value of the steel beam exceed the stress strength of the lifting fixture material and the steel beam material; if exceeded, return to step 1 and step 2, and re-determine the number of lifting points, the position of the lifting point, the size parameters and materials of the lifting fixture; in this example, the maximum Von Mise yield stress of the lifting fixture during operation is 139.2Mpa, and the maximum Von Mise yield stress at the steel beam lifting point is 206.9Mpa, both of which do not exceed the yield strength of Q235 steel 235MPa. The lifting scheme of this embodiment is reasonably designed, effective, safe and reliable;

[0070] In this step, the calculation formula for analyzing the stress value of the lifting fixture and the stress value of the steel beam near the lifting point is:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, δ1 is the maximum principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, δ2 is the intermediate principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, δ3 is the minimum principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, and f s is the yield stress of steel.

[0073] In this embodiment, the constraints of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam and the complete fine finite element model are established by multi-point constraint equations to form a multi-scale combined model. The formula of the multi-point constraint equation is:

[0074] c(u B ,u s )=u B -Cu s =0

[0075] Among them, u B is the displacement vector of the cross-section connection of the steel beam macroscopic finite element model, u s is the displacement vector of the cross-section connection of the complete refined finite element model, C is the coefficient matrix of the cross-section connection constraint equation;

[0076] The multi-point constraint equations are solved by the section displacement relationship of different scale models at the section connection:

[0077] u 1Si -f 1i (u 1B ,u 5B ,u 6B , b, h...)=0

[0078] u 2si -f 2i (u 2B ,u 4B , b, h...)=0

[0079] u 3si -f 3i (u 3B ,u 4B , b, h...)=0

[0080] u 1B 、u 2B 、u 3B is the axial and tangential displacements at the cross-section connection of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam;

[0081] u 1Si 、u2si 、u 3Si is the axial and tangential displacement of the i-th point at the cross-section connection of the complete refined finite element model;

[0082] u 4B 、u 5B 、u 6B is the angular displacement of the cross-section connection of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam;

[0083] b is the cross-sectional width of the component; h is the cross-sectional height.

[0084] By establishing a macroscopic finite element model with the same size as the actual steel beam, establishing a fine finite element model of the lifting fixture and beam unit with the same size as the preset size, and establishing constraints between the macroscopic finite element model and the fine finite element model, a multi-scale combined model is formed. This can accurately simulate the stress changes of the lifting fixture and steel beam that are closer to the actual working conditions, and obtain results that are closer to the actual stress distribution, thereby making it more accurate to judge whether the stress values ​​of the lifting fixture and steel beam exceed the strength boundaries of the lifting fixture and steel beam, providing more precise technical support for the lifting operation construction.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred feasible embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of rights of the present invention. All equivalent changes made using the contents of the present specification and its drawings are included in the scope of rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel beam lifting fixture, characterized in that: The utility model comprises a fixture body and movable clamping blocks respectively arranged at two ends of the fixture body, wherein the two movable clamping blocks are arranged symmetrically and the steel beam is clamped by the two movable clamping blocks; and a lifting ear hole is opened on the fixture body.

2. The steel beam lifting fixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A sliding groove is provided on the top of the clamp body, and the bottoms of the two movable clamping blocks are slidably arranged in the sliding groove.

3. The steel beam lifting fixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Pins are rotatably arranged at both ends of the clamp body, the axial direction of the pin is parallel to the length direction of the clamp body, and a threaded section is circumferentially arranged on the pin; pin openings are respectively provided at both ends of the clamp body, the top ends of the pin openings are connected to the sliding grooves, the threaded sections at both ends are rotatably arranged in the two pin openings, and a plurality of notches are provided at the bottom of the movable clamp block, which are embedded and connected with the threaded sections.

4. The steel beam lifting fixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A rotating shaft is coaxially inserted in the pin shaft, and the outer end of the rotating shaft extends to the outside of the clamp body.

5. A method for checking the installation of a steel beam, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preliminarily determine the number and position of the lifting points of the steel beam according to the lifting plan, install the lifting fixture at the lifting point position, clamp the two movable clamps of the lifting fixture on the steel beam, open the lifting ear holes on the fixture body, and connect the lifting ear holes and the lifting equipment with steel wire ropes; Step 2: Calculate the force value of each lifting fixture respectively, and preliminarily determine the size parameters and materials of the lifting fixture according to the force value; Step 3: Establish a macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam with the same actual size as the steel beam to be hoisted; Step 4, intercepting the beam unit at the hanging point position in step 1 in the steel beam macro finite element model in step 3, and deleting the beam unit from the steel beam macro finite element model; Step 5: Establish a fine finite element model of each lifting fixture determined in step 2, establish a fine finite element model of a beam unit with the same size as the beam unit deleted in step 4, and combine the fine finite element model of the lifting fixture with the fine finite element model of the beam unit to form a complete fine finite element model; Step 6: Constrain the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam in step 4 and the complete fine finite element model in step 5 to form a multi-scale combined model; Step 7: Divide the multi-scale combined model into grids, and apply a weight corresponding to the force value to each lifting fixture in the multi-scale combined model; Step 8: Generate stress nephograms and deformation nephograms of each lifting fixture based on the multi-scale combined model, analyze the stress value of the lifting fixture and the stress value of the steel beam near the lifting point, and determine whether the stress value of the lifting fixture and the stress value of the steel beam exceed the stress strength that the lifting fixture material and the steel beam material can withstand; If exceeded, return to step one and step two and redetermine the number of hanging points, hanging point locations, size parameters and materials of the hanging fixtures.

6. The steel beam hoisting and checking method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The calculation formula for calculating the force value of each lifting fixture is: F=n -1 sin∝ -1 G Among them, n is the number of lifting points, G is the weight of the steel beam, and ∝ is the angle between the wire rope of the lifting fixture and the horizontal plane.

7. The steel beam hoisting and checking method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step six, the constraints of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam and the complete fine finite element model are established through multi-point constraint equations to form a multi-scale combined model. The formula of the multi-point constraint equation is: c(in B ,in s )=in B -Cu s =0 Among them, u B is the displacement vector of the cross-section connection of the steel beam macroscopic finite element model, u s is the displacement vector of the cross-section connection of the complete refined finite element model, C is the coefficient matrix of the cross-section connection constraint equation; The multi-point constraint equations are solved by the section displacement relationship of different scale models at the section connection: in 1Si -f 1i (in 1B ,in 5B ,in 6B ,b,h…)=0 u 2Si -f 2i (u 2B ,u 4B ,b,h…)=0 u 3Si -f 3i (u 3B ,u 4B ,b,h…)=0 u 1B 、u 2B 、u 3B is the axial and tangential displacements at the cross-section connection of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam; u 1Si 、u 2Si 、u 3Si is the axial and tangential displacement of the i-th point at the cross-section connection of the complete refined finite element model; u 4B 、u 5B 、u 6B is the angular displacement of the cross-section connection of the macroscopic finite element model of the steel beam; b is the cross-sectional width of the component; h is the cross-sectional height.

8. The steel beam hoisting and checking method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stress value of the hoisting fixture and the stress value of the steel beam near the hoisting point are calculated using the following formula: Among them, v1 is the maximum principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, δ2 is the intermediate principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, δ3 is the minimum principal stress at any point on the lifting fixture or steel beam, and f s is the yield stress of steel.

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