A near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas to mitigate water use conflicts

Abstract

A near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water use conflicts belongs to the field of wetland ecological engineering technology, and solves the prominent water use conflicts in the coordinated development of agricultural production and wetland restoration in semi-arid areas, as well as the restrictive problems of low efficiency in near-natural sustainable restoration of restored wetlands. The method includes: 1. Wetland restoration site selection and farmland water volume accounting; 2. Ecological water transfer network architecture; 3. Quantitative allocation of farmland water withdrawal; 4. Bionic introduction of seed resources; 5. Timed targeted allocation of water resources; 6. Staggered storage and monitoring and evaluation of water resources. The present invention is used for near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas under the premise of slow-release water use conflicts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological engineering, and in particular relates to a near-natural restoration technology for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas. Background Art

[0002] Wetlands, as a geographical complex formed by the interaction of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, are an important part of the earth's natural ecological space. Semi-arid wetlands are an important basis for ensuring regional ecological security and an important cornerstone for promoting the construction of ecological civilization. They can effectively maintain global biodiversity security and provide important ecological support for ecological and economic development.

[0003] However, due to the combined influence of agricultural production development and water resource scarcity, water shortage has led to the increasingly prominent problem of wetland ecological degradation in semi-arid areas, which has seriously disrupted the regional ecosystem structure and will threaten the national ecological security. Therefore, how to effectively restore degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas has become a key technical issue that needs to be urgently solved in the field of wetland ecological protection.

[0004] At present, the main methods for restoring degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas include ecological water replenishment and vegetation reintroduction. The principle of ecological water replenishment technology is clear and easy to operate, and the wetland hydrological environment can be rebuilt in a short period of time. However, this type of technology requires a large amount of regional water resource quota and is an extensive restoration measure. It is impossible to carry out precise quantitative replenishment for the hydrological habitat types required by different plants; the vegetation reintroduction method can effectively provide germplasm resources in the process of restoring degraded wetlands and achieve a rapid increase in the net primary productivity of wetlands, but this method cannot guarantee the near-natural long-term expansion of populations and there is a risk of blocking the transmission of biological genetic information.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas by integrating technical means such as precise water replenishment and efficient introduction of germplasm resources while alleviating water use conflicts has become a key scientific issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the field of wetland ecological protection. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas that mitigates water use conflicts, with the aim of resolving the prominent water use conflicts in the coordinated development of agricultural production and wetland restoration in semi-arid areas and the restrictive problems of low efficiency in near-natural sustainable restoration of restored wetlands.

[0007] The present invention proposes a near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas to mitigate water conflicts, comprising:

[0008] S1: Wetland restoration site selection and farmland water volume accounting, including:

[0009] Degraded wetlands were selected as target plots from late March to mid-April of the restoration year;

[0010] S2: Ecological water supply network architecture, including:

[0011] In early to mid-April of the restoration year, an ecological water supply network is constructed based on the target plots and adjacent farmlands; idle land is reserved between the adjacent farmlands included in the ecological water supply network, and water supply ditches are dug on the idle land, and two water supply ports are set on the single-side edge of each farmland plot adjacent to the water supply ditch; 2-4 sedimentation tanks are dug in parallel between the farmland and the target plot; overflow ditches are dug outside the target plot, and the excavated soil is used to build a water barrier on the side of the non-adjacent target plot;

[0012] S3: Quantitative allocation of farmland drainage, including: in mid-April to late April of the restoration year, the wastewater from soaked fields is transferred to the sedimentation tank through the water ditches and retained for 5-7 days, and 40-50 cm of wastewater from soaked fields is reserved in each water ditches; a water transmission ring network is set up around the target plot, and the water transmission ring network is a closed water transmission ring network. After the wastewater from soaked fields settles in the sedimentation tank, it is injected into the target plot until the soil moisture content of the target plot is 45-60%, and the target plot is regularly replenished with water before the introduction of seed resources, and the replenishment frequency is replenished every other day;

[0013] S4: Bionic introduction of seed resources, including:

[0014] In July of the year before restoration, seeds of Gnaphalium sphaerocephalum, Ula grass and Gnaphalium sphaerocephalum were collected from natural wetlands around the target plots and stored before application; in late April to early May of the restoration year, Gnaphalium sphaerocephalum seeds were sown on the soil surface of the target plots, with the sowing method being alternately clustered and diffused; after sowing, the soil of the sowing plots was turned over;

[0015] S5: Timed targeted water allocation, including:

[0016] After the introduction of seed resources, watering is suspended, and water is accurately replenished to the soil water saturation state on the 7th day after the suspension of watering, and this state is maintained until late October of the recovery year; in the second year of recovery and during the period from the revival of mature Sedge plants to the early stage of spikelet development, the soil moisture content of the target plot is maintained at 80-100%; watering activities are stopped at the early stage of spikelet development, and water is restored to the soil moist state on the 15th day of the early stage of spikelet development, and this state is maintained until late October of the recovery year.

[0017] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the degraded wetland is 30-50 meters away from the adjacent farmland, the proportion of annual plants in the surface vegetation is not less than 70%, and the coverage of the surface vegetation is less than 20%.

[0018] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the soil salt content of the target plot is less than 55mmol / L, the soil pH value ranges from 6.5 to 7.5, the conductivity is lower than 1.5dS / m, there is no history of livestock production, and the average altitude is 0.5 to 1 meter lower than that of the adjacent farmland.

[0019] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the type of adjacent farmland is rice field, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents in farmland drainage are respectively lower than 1.9 mg / L and 0.9 mg / L, and the annual drainage volume of a single acre of farmland is greater than the water demand of the degraded wetland.

[0020] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the water delivery ditch is a V-shaped ditch, the width of the V-shaped ditch is 50-70 cm, and the depth is 60-80 cm; the rhizomes of Zizania latifolia are cultivated in the inner slope of the V-shaped ditch, and the cultivation density is 2-4 plants / square meter.

[0021] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the width of the water inlet is 40-50 centimeters, and the distance between the two water inlets is greater than 10 meters.

[0022] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the sedimentation tank is a butterfly-shaped depression, the diameter of the butterfly-shaped depression is 10-20 meters, and the depth is 50-100 centimeters.

[0023] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the width of the overflow ditch is 30-40 cm, and the depth is 30-50 cm.

[0024] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the height of the water barrier dam is 30-50 cm, and the width is 30-40 cm.

[0025] Furthermore, a preferred solution is provided: the method further comprises:

[0026] S6: staggered storage and monitoring and evaluation of water resources, including: from September to October of the restoration year, collecting the water from farmland to sedimentation ponds and target plots, where the water storage depth of the sedimentation pond is 90-100 cm, and the water storage depth of the target plot is 20-30 cm; extracting the water stored in the sedimentation pond in the following year for soaking the farmland; evaluating the additional water purchase volume of farmland, the vegetation coverage of restored wetlands and the self-propagation capacity of target species populations for two consecutive years after the completion of the ecological water supply network, and using the farmland water purchase volume less than 30% of the total water consumption, the wetland vegetation coverage greater than 50%, the target species seed ear biomass greater than 30 mg in the second year, and the seed thousand-grain weight greater than 0.7 g as the standards for assessing the degree of near-natural recovery of degraded wetlands and mitigation of water conflicts.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The present invention has clear principles, is easy to implement and has low cost.

[0029] The method described in the present invention complies with the concept of near-natural restoration, realizes the recycling of farmland water withdrawal in staggered time and location by constructing an ecological water delivery network, and realizes near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands by linking ecological processes such as hydrological rhythm regulation and introduction of germplasm resources. After the method described in the present invention is implemented, dominant plant populations can be constructed in degraded wetlands in the same year, and intergenerational reproduction and self-propagation of plant populations can be achieved in the next year, without the need for frequent artificial mediation and maintenance in the later stage, and is suitable for promotion and application in the restoration of degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas and the development of agricultural-ecological co-construction industries.

[0030] 2. The method described in the present invention can effectively alleviate the water use conflict between agricultural production and wetland restoration in semi-arid areas.

[0031] The method described in the present invention uses an ecological water delivery network composed of ecological water delivery ditches, sedimentation tanks and closed water delivery ring networks to build a supporting structure between the restored wetland and the adjacent farmland, making full use of the farmland drainage to carry out precise water replenishment in the degraded wetland, and can achieve water-saving and rapid reconstruction of the degraded wetland under the premise of intensive management of agricultural wastewater. In addition, the present invention covers technical points such as staggered storage of water resources and assessment of the proportion of farmland water purchases, and comprehensively realizes the multi-cycle and efficient utilization of quantitative water resources through the process of farmland drainage-water source storage-water body return to the field and water body replenishment, thereby effectively alleviating the water use conflict between agricultural production and wetland restoration.

[0032] 3. The method described in the present invention can effectively improve the near-natural restoration efficiency of degraded wetlands.

[0033] The method described in the present invention adopts an alternating point cluster and diffuse seed introduction method in the restored wetland and carries out differentiated rotation of soil layers at multiple depths. It effectively constructs a seed germination sequence with staggered time zones in the process of biomimetic simulation of natural wetland seed rain dispersal and seed bank development, which can effectively reserve niche space for seed germination and seedling growth, and reduce the risk of disturbance of abiotic stress factors to the early development of the established population. In addition, the method described in the present invention adopts precise ecological water replenishment measures for seed germination, seed spike development and seed growth stages, which can increase the activity of amylase and proteinase by changing the exogenous water environment to promote the mobilization of seed nutrient substrates, thereby improving the probability of seed germination and the quality of seedling development. At the same time, the precise ecological water replenishment measures maintain a higher turgor pressure of seed spike cells and promote the distribution and accumulation of nutrients and plant hormones to seeds, thereby providing sufficient water supply and nutrients for seed spike development and seed growth.

[0034] 4. The method described in the present invention is safe and effective, and does not pose any ecological safety risks.

[0035] The farmland drainage used in the present invention is purified through ecological water ditches and retained in sedimentation tanks before being used to replenish water in degraded wetlands, without the risk of surface source pollution and eutrophication of water pollutants. At the same time, the sedge seed resources selected in the present invention are common species in wetlands and are all collected from natural wetlands around the restored wetlands, without any ecological safety hazards or risks of invasion of alien species.

[0036] In summary, the method described in the present invention has a clear principle and strong operability. It can use farmland drainage to efficiently meet the hydrological needs of wetland restoration and improve the efficiency of water resource recycling. The design concept is consistent with the concept of near-natural restoration, and there are no engineering safety and biological invasion risks. The method described in the present invention is used to carry out near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas, with a water resource recycling rate of 100% and a near-natural long-term restoration efficiency of degraded wetlands of 100%.

[0037] The present invention is applicable to the near-natural restoration scenario of degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas under the premise of slowing down water use conflicts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological water supply network structure according to the first specific implementation mode of the present invention, wherein 1 is the applied farmland; 2 is the ecological water supply ditch; 3 is the water blocking culvert; 4 is the upper water blocking culvert; 5 is the lower water blocking culvert; 6 is the sedimentation tank; 7 is the target plot; 8 is the closed water supply ring network;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the germination rate of the seeds of the tuberculosis grass under different initial soil hydrological conditions and rehydration treatments described in the second specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein 30% is the 30% initial soil moisture condition; 50% is the 50% initial soil moisture condition; 70% is the 70% initial soil moisture condition; CK is the 100% initial soil moisture condition; RT1 is a constant soil moisture treatment; RT2 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 7th day; RT3 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 14th day; RT4 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 21st day; RT5 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 28th day;

[0041] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the development characteristics of the spikelets of Tuber grass under different initial soil hydrological conditions and rehydration treatments described in the second specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein IH1 is a 40% initial soil moisture condition; IH2 is an 80% initial soil moisture condition; IH3 is an initial hydrological condition of flooding 1 cm; IH4 is an initial hydrological condition of flooding 5 cm; RT1 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 10th day; RT2 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 15th day; RT3 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 20th day; RT4 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 25th day;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the development characteristics of Glechoma longituba seeds under different initial soil hydrological conditions and rehydration treatments as described in the second specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein IH1 is an initial soil moisture condition of 40%; IH2 is an initial soil moisture condition of 80%; IH3 is an initial hydrological condition of flooding with 1 cm; IH4 is an initial hydrological condition of flooding with 5 cm; RT1 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 10th day; RT2 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 15th day; RT3 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 20th day; RT4 is replenishing water to the initial hydrological condition on the 25th day. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to prevent unnecessary details from obstructing the description of the present application.

[0044] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0045] It should also be understood that the terms used in this application specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0046] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application, but the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific implementation methods disclosed below.

[0048] Implementation Method 1

[0049] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment will be described.

[0050] A near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas to mitigate water conflicts, including:

[0051] S1: Wetland restoration site selection and farmland water volume accounting, including:

[0052] Degraded wetlands are selected as target plots from late March to mid-April of the restoration year; the degraded wetlands are 30-50 meters away from the adjacent farmland, the proportion of annual plants in the surface vegetation is not less than 70%, and the coverage of the surface vegetation is less than 20%; the soil salt content of the target plot is less than 55mmol / L, the soil pH value ranges from 6.5-7.5, the conductivity is lower than 1.5dS / m, there is no history of animal husbandry production, and the average altitude is 0.5-1 meter lower than the adjacent farmland; the type of the adjacent farmland is rice field, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents in the farmland drainage are lower than 1.9mg / L and 0.9mg / L respectively, and the annual drainage volume of a single acre of farmland is greater than the water demand of the degraded wetland;

[0053] S2: Ecological water supply network architecture, including:

[0054] In early to mid-April of the restoration year, an ecological water supply network is constructed according to the target plots and the applicable farmland; idle land is reserved between the applicable farmland included in the ecological water supply network, and water supply ditches are dug on the idle land. The water supply ditch is a V-shaped ditch with a width of 50-70 cm and a depth of 60-80 cm; Zizania latifolia rhizomes are planted in the inner slope of the V-shaped ditch with a planting density of 2-4 plants / square meter; two water supply outlets are set on the single-side edge of each farmland plot adjacent to the water supply ditch; the width of the water supply outlet is 40-50 cm, and the distance between the two water supply outlets is greater than 10 meters; 2-4 sedimentation tanks are dug in parallel between the farmland and the target plot, and the sedimentation tank is a butterfly-shaped depression. The diameter of the depression is 10-20 meters and the depth is 50-100 centimeters; an overflow ditch is dug outside the target plot, the width of the overflow ditch is 30-40 centimeters and the depth is 30-50 centimeters, and the excavated soil is used to build a water barrier dam on one side of the non-adjacent target plot, the height of the water barrier dam is 30-50 centimeters and the width is 30-40 centimeters; a lifting upper water barrier culvert gate and a lower water barrier culvert gate are respectively set at the connection between the dish-shaped depression and the V-shaped ditch and the connection between the butterfly-shaped depression and the overflow ditch; the lifting upper water barrier culvert gate and the lower water barrier culvert gate are both square with a side length of 80 centimeters, and the lifting upper water barrier culvert gate and the lower water barrier culvert gate are made of stainless steel;

[0055] S3: Quantitative allocation of farmland drainage, including: in mid-April to late April of the restoration year, the wastewater from the soaked fields is transferred to the sedimentation tank through the water ditches and retained for 5-7 days, and a water body with a depth of 40-50 cm is reserved in each water ditches; a water transmission ring network is set up around the target plot, and the water transmission ring network is a closed water transmission ring network. After the wastewater from the soaked fields is settled in the sedimentation tank, it is injected into the target plot until the soil moisture content of the target plot is 45-60%, and the target plot is regularly replenished with water before the introduction of seed resources, and the replenishment frequency is replenished every other day;

[0056] S4: Bionic introduction of seed resources, including:

[0057] In July of the year before restoration, seeds of Gnaphalium spatholobi, Ula grass and Gnaphalium schrenkiana were collected from natural wetlands around the target plots and stored in a light-proof, dry and ventilated environment at a temperature of -4° / 16°C before application; from late April to early May of the year of restoration, Gnaphalium spatholobi seeds were sown on the soil surface of the target plots, with a sowing method of alternating point-cluster and diffuse sowing; the point-cluster sowing density was 1000-1500 seeds / square meter; the diffuse sowing density was 200-400 seeds / square meter; after sowing, the soil of the point-cluster sowing plots was turned over with a turning depth of 0-20 cm; the soil of the diffuse sowing plots was turned over with a turning depth of 0-10 cm;

[0058] S5: Timed targeted water allocation, including:

[0059] After the introduction of seed resources, watering is suspended, and water is accurately supplemented to the soil water saturation state on the 7th day after the suspension of watering, and this state is maintained until late October of the recovery year; in the second year of recovery and during the period from the revival of the mature plants of the genus Sedge to the early stage of spikelet development, the soil moisture content of the target plot is maintained at 80-100%; watering activities are stopped at the early stage of spikelet development, and water is resumed to the soil moist state on the 15th day of the early stage of spikelet development, and this state is maintained until late October of the recovery year;

[0060] S6: staggered storage and monitoring and evaluation of water resources, including: from September to October of the restoration year, collecting the water from farmland to sedimentation ponds and target plots, where the water storage depth of the sedimentation pond is 90-100 cm, and the water storage depth of the target plot is 20-30 cm; extracting the water stored in the sedimentation pond in the following year for soaking the farmland; evaluating the additional water purchase volume of farmland, the vegetation coverage of restored wetlands and the self-propagation capacity of target species populations for two consecutive years after the completion of the ecological water supply network, and using the farmland water purchase volume less than 30% of the total water consumption, the wetland vegetation coverage greater than 50%, the target species seed ear biomass greater than 30 mg in the second year, and the seed thousand-grain weight greater than 0.7 g as the standards for assessing the degree of near-natural recovery of degraded wetlands and mitigation of water conflicts.

[0061] The method described in this implementation mode has a clear principle and strong operability. It can use farmland drainage to efficiently meet the hydrological needs of wetland restoration and improve the efficiency of water resource recycling. The design concept is consistent with the concept of near-natural restoration, and there are no engineering safety and biological invasion risks. The method described in this implementation mode is applied to carry out near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas, with a water resource recycling rate of 100% and a near-natural long-term restoration efficiency of 100% for degraded wetlands.

[0062] Implementation Method 2

[0063] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 This embodiment will be described.

[0064] This embodiment is a further illustration of the near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas for mitigating water use conflicts described in the first embodiment.

[0065] A near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas for slowing down water use conflicts described in this embodiment includes:

[0066] 1. Site selection for wetland restoration and calculation of farmland water volume

[0067] From late March to early April, degraded wetlands adjacent to farmland were selected as target plots for near-natural restoration, and the water consumption of farmland adjacent to the target plots was calculated. The necessity of near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands is determined by the standard that the surface vegetation is dominated by annual plants with a coverage of less than 20%; the target plot is required to be 30-50 meters away from the adjacent farmland to reserve space for the construction of sedimentation ponds and avoid mutual disturbance between agricultural production and wetland restoration processes; the target plot is required to be 0.5-1 meter lower than the adjacent farmland in altitude to facilitate the subsequent water transport; the soil salt content of the selected target plot is required to be less than 55mmol / L, the soil pH value is between 6.5-7.5, and the conductivity is less than 1.5dS / m, so as to avoid the abiotic stress caused by soil salinization and the inhibition of target plant species. Seedling germination and seedling growth; the selected target plots are required to have no history of animal husbandry production to avoid livestock trampling and excretion of feces and urine to cause degradation of soil physical structure, salt accumulation and evolution of microbial community structure that hinder the development of target plant seedlings; the target plots are required to be adjacent to rice fields to meet the water demand of the target plots during near-natural recovery; the annual water use and drainage volume of a single acre of farmland is required to be calculated, and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents in farmland drainage are required to be lower than 1.9 mg / L and 0.9 mg / L respectively, to ensure that farmland drainage is sufficient to support the water demand of degraded wetlands and avoid the risk of wetland pollution caused by eutrophication of water bodies.

[0068] 2. Ecological water supply network architecture

[0069] From early to mid-April, an ecological water supply network between farmland and wetland will be set up, with a settling pond and water supply ring network. The ratio of wetland restoration to farmland area is required to be 1:2 to 1:3, to ensure that sufficient farmland water is used to restore wetland water replenishment needs and settling pond water storage needs; it is required to reserve idle land between farmlands to dig a 'V'-shaped ditch with a width of 50-70 cm and a depth of 60-80 cm as an ecological water supply ditch; it is required to set up two water supply ports with a width of 40-50 cm and a spacing of more than 10 meters on the single edge of each farmland, and to configure water blocking culverts to control farmland drainage and excessive water use in farmlands. The ecological water ditches are required to be interconnected to form an ecological ditch interconnection network; the rhizomes of wild rice stems are required to be planted at a density of 2-4 plants / square meter on the inner slope of the ecological ditch to avoid the invasion of vicious weeds into farmland while improving the economic efficiency of the ecological ditch and the water purification capacity of the ecological ditch; a saucer-shaped depression with a diameter of 10-20 meters and a depth of 50-100 cm is required to be dug between the farmland and the target plot to connect the ecological ditch and the target plot as a sedimentation pond to remove suspended solid particles and organic matter to avoid the risk of eutrophication during wetland restoration; China Unicom requires the addition of 2-4 saucer-shaped depressions in parallel according to the size of the target plot to ensure sufficient sedimentation tank space to accommodate farmland drainage and supply the target plot; it requires the excavation of overflow ditches with a width of 30-40 cm and a depth of 30-50 cm on the periphery of the target plot, and the use of excavated soil to pile up a barrier with a height of 30-50 cm and a width of 30-40 cm on one side of the non-adjacent target plot The dam forms a closed water transfer ring network, so that the water in the sedimentation tank can flow into the target land after overflowing from the overflow ditch, thereby alleviating the local water and soil erosion problem caused by the impact of water flow; it is required to install an upper water-blocking culvert and a lower water-blocking culvert at the connection between the disc-shaped depression and the ecological ditch and the overflow ditch respectively, so as to regulate the water connection and transportation process; the water-blocking culvert is required to be a square stainless steel gate with a side length of 80 cm and operate in a lifting form to ensure that the culvert can efficiently transfer water and can be used sustainably in the long term.

[0070] 3. Quantitative Allocation of Farmland Drainage

[0071] From mid-April to late April, after collecting the spring farmland water into the sedimentation tank, the soil of the degraded wetland is replenished quantitatively to a moist state. It is required that the agricultural wastewater generated by the soaked fields be transferred to the sedimentation tank through the ecological water ditches and retained for 5-7 days, and a 40-50 cm deep water body be reserved in each water ditches to fully settle the water pollutants and ensure the water demand of the early growth of wild rice on the slope of the water ditches; it is required that the settled water body be injected into the target plot in a flooding manner after passing through a closed water transmission ring network until the soil moisture content is 45-60% (semi-humid state) to create a hydrological environment suitable for the germination of target plant seeds and the growth of seedlings; it is required to replenish water every other day before the introduction of seed resources to maintain the soil moist state, so as to create a hydrological environment suitable for the germination of target plant seeds and the growth of seedlings.

[0072] IV. Bionic introduction of seed resources

[0073] From late April to early May, artificially introduce seeds of the genus Sedge to the target plots, and carry out multi-depth rotation of the surface soil in coordination. During the artificial introduction process, it is required to alternately use the point cluster method and the diffuse method to sow seeds to the soil surface to simulate the natural dispersal process of seed rain in natural Sedge wetlands; the seed sowing density in the point cluster method and the diffuse method is required to be 1000-1500 seeds / square meter and 200-400 seeds / square meter respectively to simulate the scale of the soil seed bank in natural Sedge wetlands; it is required to use rotary tillage machinery to rotate the soil layer at a depth of 0-20 cm and 0-10 cm for the corresponding plots where seeds are sown in the point cluster method and the diffuse method, respectively. , to artificially modify the timing and scale of seed germination, thereby reducing the ecological risks that may be caused by abiotic stress in the early stages of population recovery; the plant seeds used are required to be seeds of Gnaphalium spatholobifolium, Ula grass, and Gray-veined Spatholobifolia, and all of them are collected from natural wetlands around the target sample site one year before the introduction of seed resources, so as to ensure seed vitality and avoid the risk of biological invasion; the seeds used are required to be stored in a dry and ventilated environment with a temperature change of -4° / 16℃ in the dark from the time of collection in natural wetlands to the time of sowing and application, so as to break the physiological dormancy of the seeds.

[0074] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown in the figure, different capital letters in the figure represent that there are significant differences in seed germination, seed spike development, and seed growth characteristics of Glechoma longituba under different initial hydrological conditions at the hypothesis level of 0.05. Different lowercase letters represent that there are significant differences in seed germination, seed spike development, and seed growth characteristics of Glechoma longituba under different initial hydrological conditions and rewatering treatments at the hypothesis level of 0.05.

[0075] Specifically, Figure 2In the table, a means that the difference between the research results it represents and the research results represented by b, bc, c, cd, d, de, and e reaches a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; b means that the difference between the research results it represents and the research results represented by a, c, cd, d, de, and e reaches a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; c means that the difference between the research results it represents and the research results represented by a, ab, b, d, de, and e reaches a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; d means that the difference between the research results it represents and a The difference between the research results represented by a, ab, ac, b, bc, and e reached a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; e means that the difference between the research results represented by it and the research results represented by a, ab, ac, b, bc, cd, and d reached a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; ab means that the difference between the research results represented by it and the results represented by c, cd, d, and de reached a significant level at the p < 0.05 level, but the difference between it and the research results represented by a, b, bc, and ac reached a significant level at the p < 0.05 level. ac means that the difference between the research results represented by it and the research results represented by d, de, and e reached the significant level at the p < 0.05 level, but the difference between it and the research results represented by a, b, ab, and bc did not reach the significant level at the p < 0.05 level; bc means that the difference between the research results represented by it and the results represented by a, d, de, and e reached the significant level at the p < 0.05 level, but the difference between it and the research results represented by b, c, ab, and ac did not reach the significant level at the p < 0.05 level. cd means that the difference between the research results it represents and the research results represented by a, b, ab, and e reaches the significance level at the p < 0.05 level, but the difference between it and the research results represented by ac, bc, and de does not reach the significance level at the p < 0.05 level; de means that the difference between the research results it represents and the research results represented by a, b, ab, and ac reaches the significance level at the p < 0.05 level, but does not reach the significance level at the p < 0.05 level with the research results represented by cd, d, and e.

[0076] Figure 3In the table, a means that the difference between the research result it represents and the research results represented by bc, bd, c, cd, and d reaches a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; c means that the difference between the research result it represents and the research result represented by d reaches a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; d means that the difference between the research result it represents and the research results represented by a, ab, and bc reaches a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; ab means that the difference between the research result it represents and the results represented by c, cd, and d reaches a significant level at the p < 0.05 level, but the difference between it and the research results represented by a, bc, bd, and ad does not reach a significant level at the p < 0.05 level. 0.05 level; bc means that the difference between the research results it represents and the results represented by a and d reaches the significance level at the p < 0.05 level, but the difference between it and the research results represented by cd, bd, and ad does not reach the significance level at the p < 0.05 level; cd means that the difference between the research results it represents and the results represented by a and ab reaches the significance level at the p < 0.05 level, but the difference between it and the research results represented by bc, bd, and ad does not reach the significance level at the p < 0.05 level; ad means that the difference between the research results it represents and the research results represented by a, c, d, ab, bc, and cd does not reach the significance level at the p < 0.05 level. A means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents reach a significant level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by B, C, and BC at the p<0.05 level; B means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents reach a significant level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by A and C at the p<0.05 level; C means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents reach a significant level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by A, B, and AB at the p<0.05 level; AB means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents reach a significant level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by C at the p<0.05 level, but do not reach a significant level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by A and B at the p<0.05 level; BC means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents reach a significant level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by A at the p<0.05 level, but do not reach a significant level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by AB, B, and C at the p<0.05 level;

[0077] Figure 4In the table, A means that the soil hydrological conditions represented by it and the soil hydrological conditions represented by B, C, and BC reach a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; B means that the soil hydrological conditions represented by it and the soil hydrological conditions represented by A and C reach a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; C means that the soil hydrological conditions represented by it and the soil hydrological conditions represented by A and B reach a significant level at the p < 0.05 level; BC means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents are significantly different from those represented by A at the p<0.05 level, but not significantly different from those represented by B and C at the p<0.05 level; a means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents are significantly different from those represented by b, bc, c, cd, d, e, and f at the p<0.05 level; b means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents are significantly different from those represented by a, c, cd, d, e, and f at the p<0.05 level. <0.05 level; c means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents and the soil hydrological conditions represented by a, ab, d, e, and f reach a significant level at the p<0.05 level; d means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents and the soil hydrological conditions represented by a, ab, b, bc, c, e, and f reach a significant level at the p<0.05 level; e means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents and the soil hydrological conditions represented by a, ab, b, bc, c, cd, d, and f reach a significant level at the p<0.05 level. f means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents reach the significant level at the p<0.05 level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by a, ab, b, bc, c, cd, d, and e; ab means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents reach the significant level at the p<0.05 level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by c, cd, d, and f, but the difference between it and the research results represented by a, ab, b, and bc does not reach the significant level at the p<0.05 level; bc means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents reach the significant level at the p<0.05 level with the soil hydrological conditions represented by c, cd, d, and f, but the difference between it and the research results represented by a, ab, b, and bc does not reach the significant level at the p<0.05 level; The hydrological conditions are significantly different from the soil hydrological conditions represented by a, d, e, and f at the p < 0.05 level, but the differences between them and the research results represented by b, c, ab, and cd are not significant at the p < 0.05 level; cd means that the soil hydrological conditions it represents are significantly different from the soil hydrological conditions represented by a, ab, b, e, and f at the p < 0.05 level, but the differences between them and the research results represented by c, d, and bc are not significant at the p < 0.05 level.

[0078] 5. Timed and targeted water allocation

[0079] After the introduction of seed resources, intermittent watering was suspended, and water was replenished to a semi-moist state on the 7th day. It is required to suspend water replenishment activities after the introduction of seed resources to allow the hydrological habitat of the target plot to enter a naturally drying state, thereby taking into account the environmental needs of water absorption and oxygen supply in the early stage of seed germination; it is required to carry out precise water replenishment on the 7th day to a semi-moist state of the soil and maintain this state until late October, thereby activating the activity of seed amylase and protease through the soil water medium, and mediating metabolic reactions to activate seed storage nutrients to meet the demand for nutrient substrate supply during seed germination and seedling growth; it is required to maintain the soil moisture content at 80-100% in the second year of restoration of the target plot and the revival of mature Sedge plants to the early stage of spikelet development, and stop water replenishment activities at the early stage of spikelet development, and rehydrate again on the 15th day to a moist soil state and maintain this state until late October, so as to promote the seed spike cells to maintain a higher turgor pressure through changes in the hydrological situation and promote the distribution and accumulation of nutrients and plant hormones to seeds, thereby providing sufficient water supply and nutrients for seed spike development and seed growth.

[0080] VI. Water Resources Staggered Storage and Monitoring and Evaluation

[0081] In autumn and winter, water resource ecological convergence measures are carried out, and the degree of conflict between farmland and wetland water use and the progress of restoration of degraded wetlands are monitored and evaluated. It is required that farmland drainage be collected in sedimentation tanks and target plots from September to October to store water resources for paddy field water use and wetland water replenishment in the following year; the water depth in the sedimentation tank and the target plot is required to be 90-100 cm and 20-30 cm to reserve winter infiltration water and ensure that the soil of the target plot remains semi-wet in the spring of the following year; it is required to use water pumps to extract water from the sedimentation tank for paddy field water use in the following year to alleviate the shortage of farmland water and realize the recycling of water resources; it is required to evaluate the additional water purchase of farmland, restore wetland vegetation coverage and the self-propagation capacity of target species populations for two consecutive years after the completion of the ecological water transmission network, with the farmland water purchase less than 30% of the total water use, the restoration of wetland vegetation coverage greater than 50%, the target species seed ear biomass greater than 30 mg in the second year, and the seed thousand-grain weight greater than 0.7 g as the evaluation criteria.

[0082] Implementation Method 3

[0083] This implementation method carries out near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas in a certain region. During the near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands, the following methods are used:

[0084] 1. Site selection for wetland restoration and calculation of farmland water volume

[0085] On March 18, 2023, a degraded wetland 45 meters away from the surrounding farmland was selected as the target restoration plot at the border of a nature reserve. The surface plant community is dominated by annual plants and the vegetation coverage rate is 10%. The area of ​​the plot is 1.5 acres, the soil salt content of the plot is 30mml / L, the pH value is 7.0, the conductivity is 0.9 dS / m, and there is no history of animal husbandry production. The type of this plot and the adjacent farmland is rice field. The farmland is drained twice a year, and the total nitrogen content of the water body is 0.8-1.2mg / L, and the total phosphorus content of the water body is 0.4-0.6mg / L. The shortest straight-line distance between the target plot and the farmland is 87 meters and the relative height difference is 75 centimeters.

[0086] 2. Ecological water supply network architecture

[0087] On April 10, 2023, 4.5 mu of farmland was demarcated in a ratio of 1:3 between the restored wetland area and the farmland area and included in the ecological ditch construction network. A 'V'-shaped ecological water diversion ditch with a width of 60 cm and a depth of 70 cm was excavated in the reserved idle land between each farmland patch, and the rhizomes of wild rice stems were planted at a density of 3 plants / square meter on the inner slope of the ecological ditch. Two water diversion ports with a width of 45 cm and a spacing of more than 10 meters were set at the edge of each farmland patch on one side to connect with the ecological water ditches. Each water diversion port was equipped with a lifting water-blocking culvert to regulate the drainage and water use process of the farmland. Three parallel saucer-shaped depressions were excavated in the reserved land between the farmland and the target plot. Each saucer-shaped depression has a diameter of 15 meters and a depth of 80 cm. At the edge of the target plot, an overflow ditch with a width of 35 cm and a depth of 40 cm was excavated. At the same time, the soil produced by the excavation was used to build a 40 cm high and 35 cm wide water barrier on one side of the non-adjacent target plot to form a closed water transmission ring network. The upper end water barrier culvert gate and the lower end water barrier culvert gate were respectively set at the connection between the disc-shaped depression and the ecological ditch and the overflow ditch.

[0088] 3. Quantitative Allocation of Farmland Drainage

[0089] On April 18, 2023, the agricultural wastewater generated by the soaked fields in the farmland plots was transferred to the sedimentation tank through the ecological water ditches and retained for 6 days, and a 45 cm deep water body was reserved in the water ditches after closing the water blocking culvert. After the retention treatment is completed, the water blocking culvert gate at the lower end of the sedimentation tank is opened to allow the water to flow through the closed water transmission ring network and then be injected into the target plot in a flooding manner until the soil moisture content is 50%. In the stage before the introduction of seed resources, the water blocking culvert gate at the lower end of the sedimentation tank is opened every other day to replenish water to the target plot to maintain the semi-wet state of the soil.

[0090] IV. Bionic introduction of seed resources

[0091] On May 12, 2023, the introduction of point-clustered and diffused sedge seed resources was carried out alternately in the target plots at a sowing scale of 1,200 seeds / square meter and 300 seeds / square meter respectively. After the introduction of the seed resources, rotary tillage machinery was used to carry out soil rotation activities at a depth of 0-20 cm and 0-10 cm for the point-clustered and diffused introduction plots respectively to artificially adjust the seed germination sequence and scale, thereby achieving long-term sustainable utilization of seed resources. The sedge seeds used were all collected from the natural sedge wetland in the Momong National Nature Reserve on July 18, 2022, and during the artificial storage stage, they were stored in a light-proof, dry and ventilated environment with a variable temperature of -4° / 16℃ to break the physiological dormancy of the seeds.

[0092] 5. Timed and targeted water allocation

[0093] From January 1 to 30, 2023, different initial soil hydrological conditions and rehydration treatments were used to test the germination of Gastrodia elata seeds, and different initial soil hydrological conditions and rehydration treatments were used to test the development of Gastrodia elata seeds and seed growth. The results showed that the initial hydrological conditions of 50% combined with rehydration to the initial hydrological conditions on the 7th day can significantly increase the probability of Gastrodia elata seed germination, while the initial hydrological conditions of 80% soil water content combined with the initial hydrological conditions on the 15th day can significantly improve the development of Gastrodia elata seeds and seed growth quality. According to the results, from May 12 to May 25, 2023, the ecological water replenishment activities were suspended to allow the hydrological habitat in the target plot to enter a natural drying state. On May 26, 2023, the water-blocking culvert at the lower end of the sedimentation tank was opened to replenish water to the target plot until the soil was saturated with water to activate the activity of seed substrate enzymes and mediate metabolic reactions. From May 1 to May 30, 2024, the water-blocking culvert at the lower end of the sedimentation tank was opened to ensure that the soil moisture content was 80% from the time when the adult tuberculosis grass plants were revived to the early stage of spikelet development. From June 1 to June 14, 2024, the water-blocking culvert at the lower end of the sedimentation tank was closed to allow the soil to gradually dry in the early stage of the development of the tuberculosis grass spikelets, and on June 15, i.e. the 15th day, the water-blocking culvert at the lower end of the sedimentation tank was opened to allow the land to be rehydrated to a moist state, so as to increase the cell turgor pressure of the seed spikes and promote the directional distribution of nutrients and plant hormones to enable the development of the seed spikes and the growth of seeds.

[0094] VI. Storage, monitoring and evaluation of water resources measures

[0095] On September 20, 2023, the lifting water-blocking culvert on one side of the farmland will be opened to collect the autumn farmland drainage and store it in the sedimentation tank and the target plot. The water depth in the sedimentation tank is 80 cm, and the water depth in the target plot is 30 cm. In September 2023 and September 2024, the additional water purchase volume of the farmland will be continuously calculated and the vegetation coverage in the target plot and the self-propagation capacity of the target species population will be evaluated. The evaluation criteria are that the farmland water purchase volume is less than 30% of the total water consumption, the wetland vegetation coverage is restored to be greater than 50%, the seed ear biomass of the target species in the second year is greater than 30 mg, and the thousand-grain weight of the seeds is greater than 0.7 g.

[0096] After the near-natural restoration of the degraded wetland, there are no safety hazards, and there are no water use disputes caused by agricultural production activities in the surrounding areas. The water purchase volume of farmland included in the ecological water replenishment network is less than 20% of the total production water consumption, and the vegetation coverage rate of the degraded wetland has been greater than 60% for two consecutive years. The biomass of the seed spike of the tuber sedge is 33mg, and the thousand-grain weight of the seeds is 0.75g. The near-natural restoration of the degraded wetland in the semi-arid area has been achieved on the basis of slowing down the water use conflict.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the various embodiments of the present disclosure and / or the features described in the claims may be combined or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. It is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or perform equivalent substitutions on some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0098] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0099] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

[0100] Finally, it should be noted that the above implementation modes are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure rather than to limit its protection scope. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the above implementation modes, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that after reading the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation modes of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the protection scope of the disclosed claims to be approved.

Claims

1. A near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas to mitigate water conflicts, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: Wetland restoration site selection and farmland water volume accounting, including: Degraded wetlands were selected as target plots from late March to mid-April of the restoration year; S2: Ecological water supply network architecture, including: In early to mid-April of the restoration year, an ecological water supply network is constructed based on the target plots and the applied farmland; idle land is reserved between the applied farmland included in the ecological water supply network, and water supply ditches are dug on the idle land. Two water supply ports are set on the single edge of each farmland plot adjacent to the water supply ditch; 2-4 sedimentation tanks are dug in parallel between the farmland and the target plot; overflow ditches are dug outside the target plot, and the excavated soil is used to build a water barrier dam on the single side of the non-adjacent target plot; S3: Quantitative allocation of farmland drainage, including: in mid-April to late April of the restoration year, the wastewater from the soaked fields is transferred to the sedimentation tank through the water ditches and retained for 5-7 days, and a water body with a depth of 40-50 cm is reserved in each water ditches; a water transmission ring network is set up around the target plot, and the water transmission ring network is a closed water transmission ring network. After the wastewater from the soaked fields is settled in the sedimentation tank, it is injected into the target plot until the soil moisture content of the target plot is 45-60%, and the target plot is regularly replenished with water before the introduction of seed resources, and the replenishment frequency is replenished every other day; S4: Bionic introduction of seed resources, including: In July of the year before restoration, seeds of Gnaphalium sphaerocephalum, Ula grass and Gnaphalium sphaerocephalum were collected from natural wetlands around the target plots and stored before application; in late April to early May of the restoration year, Gnaphalium sphaerocephalum seeds were sown on the soil surface of the target plots, with the sowing method being alternately clustered and diffused; after sowing, the soil of the sowing plots was turned over; S5: Timed targeted water allocation, including: After the introduction of seed resources, watering is suspended, and water is accurately replenished to the soil water saturation state on the 7th day after the suspension of watering, and this state is maintained until late October of the recovery year; in the second year of recovery and during the period from the revival of mature Sedge plants to the early stage of spikelet development, the soil moisture content of the target plot is maintained at 80-100%; watering activities are stopped at the early stage of spikelet development, and water is restored to the soil moist state on the 15th day of the early stage of spikelet development, and this state is maintained until late October of the recovery year.

2. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water conflict according to claim 1, characterized in that: The degraded wetland is 30-50 meters away from the adjacent farmland, annual plants account for no less than 70% of the surface vegetation, and the coverage of surface vegetation is less than 20%.

3. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water conflict according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil salt content of the target plot is less than 55mmol / L, the soil pH range is 6.5-7.5, the conductivity is lower than 1.5dS / m, there is no history of livestock production, and the average altitude is 0.5-1 meter lower than the adjacent farmland.

4. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water conflict according to claim 2, characterized in that: The type of adjacent farmland is rice field, and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents in the farmland drainage are lower than 1.9 mg / L and 0.9 mg / L respectively, and the annual drainage volume of a single acre of farmland is greater than the water demand of the degraded wetland.

5. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water conflict according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water delivery ditch is a V-shaped ditch with a width of 50-70 cm and a depth of 60-80 cm. Zizania latifolia rhizomes are cultivated in the inner slope of the V-shaped ditch with a cultivation density of 2-4 plants per square meter.

6. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water conflict according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the water delivery port is 40-50 cm, and the distance between the two water delivery ports is greater than 10 meters.

7. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water conflict according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sedimentation tank is a butterfly-shaped depression with a diameter of 10-20 meters and a depth of 50-100 centimeters.

8. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water conflict according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the overflow ditch is 30-40 cm and the depth is 30-50 cm.

9. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow-release water conflict according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water barrier dam has a height of 30-50 cm and a width of 30-40 cm.

10. The near-natural restoration method for degraded wetlands in semi-arid areas with slow release of water conflict according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: S6: staggered storage and monitoring and evaluation of water resources, including: from September to October of the restoration year, collecting the water from farmland to sedimentation ponds and target plots, where the water storage depth of the sedimentation pond is 90-100 cm, and the water storage depth of the target plot is 20-30 cm; extracting the water stored in the sedimentation pond in the following year for soaking the farmland; evaluating the additional water purchase volume of farmland, the vegetation coverage of restored wetlands and the self-propagation capacity of target species populations for two consecutive years after the completion of the ecological water supply network, and using the farmland water purchase volume less than 30% of the total water consumption, the wetland vegetation coverage greater than 50%, the target species seed ear biomass greater than 30 mg in the second year, and the seed thousand-grain weight greater than 0.7 g as the standards for assessing the degree of near-natural recovery of degraded wetlands and mitigation of water conflicts.

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