High-water-resistance photovoltaic module non-glass front plate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-water-resistance photovoltaic module non-glass front plate and a preparation method thereof. The non-glass front plate comprises a transparent fluorine film, a cut-off type transparent flame-retardant adhesive film and a transparent water-blocking composite plate; the transparent water-blocking composite board comprises a transparent transition layer, a transparent PET film, a water-blocking film and a transparent priming coat which are compounded in sequence; the cut-off type transparent flame-retardant adhesive film contains an ultraviolet light absorber; a transparent transition layer in the transparent water-blocking composite board is compounded with the cut-off type transparent flame-retardant adhesive film; the transparent bottom coating is provided with protruding points protruding out of the surface of the coating. The high-water-resistance photovoltaic module non-glass front plate has the advantages of high weather resistance, high light transmittance, light weight, water resistance and flame retardance, is suitable for distributed power generation scenes, and can effectively overcome the defects that a glass back plate is heavy in weight, not easy to install and high in infrastructure requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and in particular relates to a non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for renewable energy continues to rise, photovoltaic power generation has received widespread attention as a clean and sustainable form of energy. The structures of common photovoltaic modules from front to back are front cover (front panel), front encapsulation film, cell layer, back encapsulation film and back panel. Traditional photovoltaic modules usually use glass as the front panel material. Although glass has good light transmittance and weather resistance, it also has some significant disadvantages in practical applications. For example, the weight of glass is large, which increases the difficulty of transportation and installation. At the same time, heavy modules have higher requirements for the bearing capacity of brackets and infrastructure. In addition, glass is fragile under extreme weather conditions, which may cause damage to photovoltaic modules, thereby affecting their power generation efficiency and service life. In addition, dust and dirt are easily accumulated on the glass surface, which reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules and increases maintenance costs.

[0003] In order to overcome the above problems, researchers began to explore alternative materials to improve the performance and reliability of photovoltaic modules. Among them, the development of non-glass front panel materials has become an important direction. These materials can not only reduce the weight of photovoltaic modules, but also improve their impact resistance and weather resistance, thereby extending the service life of the modules. With the continuous iterative development of battery technology, the application of Perc batteries has decreased year by year, and Topcon batteries have become the mainstream of the market. However, Topcon batteries are sensitive to water vapor and require packaging materials to have excellent water vapor barrier rates. Although glass can meet the requirements of water vapor barrier, it is heavy, inconvenient to install, and has high requirements for infrastructure. It is not suitable for the use of lightweight modules. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a lightweight high-water-resistance photovoltaic module non-glass front panel. The non-glass front panel of the high-water-resistance photovoltaic module is suitable for distributed photovoltaic power generation scenarios and can effectively reduce the weight of the module; in addition, photovoltaic modules are mostly installed on the upper part or facade of the building. Once a fire occurs, it will have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, higher requirements are also placed on the flame retardant properties of the module.

[0004] The development of non-glass front panel photovoltaic modules is in line with the current trend of environmental protection and sustainable development. As people's awareness of environmental protection increases, lightweight, durable and recyclable materials are becoming more and more popular. The use of non-glass front panel materials can not only reduce the overall weight of photovoltaic modules and reduce resource consumption, but also achieve a higher recycling rate after the end of the life cycle. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high water-resistance photovoltaic module non-glass front panel and a preparation method thereof. The high water-resistance photovoltaic module non-glass front panel has high weather resistance, high light transmittance, lightweight, water-resistant and flame-retardant properties, is suitable for distributed power generation scenarios, and can effectively improve the shortcomings of the glass back panel, such as heavy weight, difficult installation and high infrastructure requirements.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A non-glass front plate of a high water-blocking photovoltaic module comprises a transparent fluorine film, a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film and a transparent water-blocking composite plate; the transparent water-blocking composite plate comprises a transparent transition layer, a transparent PET film, a water-blocking film and a transparent bottom coating layer which are compounded in sequence; the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film contains an ultraviolet absorber; the transparent transition layer in the transparent water-blocking composite plate is compounded with the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film; the transparent bottom coating layer has convex points protruding from the coating surface.

[0008] Furthermore, the water-blocking film comprises two layers of PET film and an intermediate adhesive layer located between the two layers of PET film, the inner layer of the PET film is provided with a silicon oxide layer or an aluminum oxide layer; the transparent PET film and the water-blocking film are compounded by an adhesive.

[0009] Furthermore, the convex points in the transparent base coating layer are formed by using transparent powder with large particle size.

[0010] Furthermore, the transparent fluorine film is an ETFE fluorine film or a PVDF fluorine film, and the transparent transition layer is a PVDF fluorine film or a coating made of paint.

[0011] Furthermore, the cut-off type transparent flame retardant adhesive film is a cut-off type POE flame retardant adhesive film or a cut-off type EVA flame retardant adhesive film.

[0012] Furthermore, the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film can cut off ultraviolet rays in the 280-380nm band.

[0013] Furthermore, the light transmittance of the non-glass front plate is greater than 86%.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module, comprising the following steps:

[0015] 1) Compounding the water-blocking film and the transparent PET film with an adhesive; after ripening, coating the outer side of the water-blocking film with a transparent coating, and drying and curing in an oven at 90-170° C.; after curing, compounding a transparent transition layer on the other side of the transparent PET film to obtain a transparent water-blocking composite board;

[0016] 2) The transparent transition layer and the transparent fluorine film of the obtained transparent water-blocking composite plate are laminated and compounded by using a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film to obtain a non-glass front plate of a high water-blocking photovoltaic module.

[0017] Furthermore, the raw materials for preparing the transparent coating include the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of film-forming resin, 2-8 parts of functional resin, 0.3-1.0 parts of leveling agent, 1-3.5 parts of UV additive, 1-10 parts of functional filler, 1-8 parts of matting filler, 0.5-4 parts of antioxidant, 0.03-0.3 parts of catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of adhesion promoter, 20-40 parts of solvent, and 0-30 parts of curing agent.

[0018] Furthermore, the raw materials for preparing the cut-off type transparent flame-retardant adhesive film include cut-off type POE adhesive film particles, an ultraviolet absorber and a flame retardant.

[0019] Furthermore, the functional filler is compounded from transparent powder without crystal water, monodisperse silicone microspheres, and monodisperse PMMA microspheres.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The front plate of the present invention adopts a composite structure of a transparent fluorine film, a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film and a transparent water-blocking composite plate. The transparent water-blocking composite plate includes a transparent transition layer, a transparent PET film, a water-blocking film and a transparent primer layer which are composited in sequence. Such a composite structure can ensure high weather resistance, high light transmittance and excellent water-blocking and flame-retardant functions.

[0022] The present invention uses a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film to composite a transparent fluorine film on a transparent water-blocking composite board, wherein the transparent fluorine film located on the outermost layer has excellent UV aging resistance, low yellowing value, and high light transmittance; the transparent fluorine film and the transparent transition layer cooperate to improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the entire front plate. However, for the outermost transparent fluorine film, ultraviolet rays can pass through the film layer to the lower layer, so the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is used to cut off ultraviolet rays in the 280-380nm band, thereby improving the weather resistance of the entire front plate and achieving a flame retardant effect;

[0023] In the transparent water-blocking composite board of the present invention, the transparent transition layer adopts PVDF fluorine film or transparent coating to improve the light transmittance of the composite board. At the same time, the PVDF material has excellent weather resistance and can greatly reduce the yellowing of the composite board; the PET film in the transparent water-blocking composite board plays a role of mechanical support and isolation of water vapor and oxygen; the transparent water-blocking composite board is provided with a specific water-blocking film, which not only gives the front board excellent water-blocking performance but also does not affect the light transmittance; the transparent water-blocking composite board is provided with a transparent bottom coating in the innermost layer, which improves the adhesion of the front board while ensuring high light transmittance, so as to achieve good adhesion with the battery layer.

[0024] The transparent base coating of the present invention has convex points protruding from the coating surface, which can form convex point supports, thereby greatly improving the risk of the transparent base coating being sticky again.

[0025] The non-glass front panel of the present invention has the advantage of being lightweight. It uses polymer materials to effectively reduce the weight of components and is suitable for distributed power generation scenarios. It can effectively improve the shortcomings of the glass back panel, such as being heavy, difficult to install, and having high requirements for infrastructure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure, 1: transparent fluorine film; 2: cut-off transparent flame-retardant film; 3: transparent transition layer; 4: first adhesive layer; 5: transparent PET film; 6: second adhesive layer; 7: water-blocking film; 8: transparent base coating layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The present invention provides a non-glass front plate of a high water-blocking photovoltaic module, comprising a transparent fluorine film, a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film and a transparent water-blocking composite plate; the transparent water-blocking composite plate comprises a transparent transition layer, a transparent PET film, a water-blocking film and a transparent bottom coating layer which are compounded in sequence; the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film contains an ultraviolet absorber; the transparent transition layer in the transparent water-blocking composite plate is compounded with the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film; the transparent bottom coating layer has convex points protruding from the coating surface. The convex points in the transparent bottom coating layer are formed by using transparent powder with a large particle size. The visible light transmittance of the non-glass front plate is above 86%.

[0030] The transparent fluorine film is an ETFE fluorine film or a PVDF fluorine film, and the transparent transition layer is a PVDF fluorine film or a coating made of a coating. When the transparent transition layer is a coating, the formula of the coating can be the same as the formula of the coating used in the transparent base coating. When the transparent transition layer is a PVDF fluorine film, the transparent transition layer and the transparent PET film are compounded by an adhesive.

[0031] The water-blocking film comprises two layers of PET film and an intermediate adhesive layer between the two layers of PET film, and the inner layer of the PET film is provided with a silicon oxide layer or an aluminum oxide layer. The silicon oxide layer or the aluminum oxide layer is formed by depositing silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide on the PET film by evaporation or sputtering. The silicon oxide layer or the aluminum oxide layer formed by evaporation or sputtering can cooperate with the PET film to play a relatively excellent role in blocking water vapor and ensure a sufficiently high light transmittance. The transparent PET film and the water-blocking film are compounded by an adhesive.

[0032] The cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is a cut-off POE flame-retardant adhesive film or a cut-off EVA flame-retardant adhesive film. The cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film can cut off ultraviolet rays in the 280-380nm band. Specifically, the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is made of cut-off POE adhesive film particles, benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers and flame retardants, or cut-off EVA adhesive film particles, benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers and flame retardants. The flame retardant is selected from at least one of phosphate flame retardants, organic phosphorus nitrogen flame retardants, phosphazene flame retardants, and organic phosphorus flame retardants. More specifically, a low-melting point transparent flame retardant is used; when the film is processed, the melting point of the flame retardant is reached, and the flame retardant melts and presents a transparent state, and a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film can be obtained. The raw materials for preparing the cut-off type transparent flame-retardant adhesive film include 100 parts of POE adhesive film particles or EVA adhesive film particles, 5-30 parts of flame retardant, and 2-5 parts of benzophenone ultraviolet absorber; the specific preparation method is: the adhesive film particles, ultraviolet absorber and flame retardant are granulated and then extruded and filmed at a certain temperature to obtain the cut-off type transparent flame-retardant adhesive film. The specific method of extrusion and filming is an existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0033] The preparation process of the transparent water-blocking composite board is as follows: a transparent transition layer is compounded on one side of the transparent PET film, a water-blocking film is compounded on the other side of the transparent PET film through an adhesive, a transparent coating is coated on the water-blocking film, and the transparent water-blocking composite board is obtained by baking at 90-170°C for 2-5 minutes. The transparent PET film can be a flame-retardant PET film.

[0034] Among them, the preparation raw materials of the transparent coating that forms the transparent base coating 8 include the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of film-forming resin, 2-8 parts of functional resin, 0.3-1.0 parts of leveling agent, 1-3.5 parts of UV additive, 1-10 parts of functional filler, 1-8 parts of matting filler, 0.5-4 parts of antioxidant, 0.03-0.3 parts of catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of adhesion promoter, 20-40 parts of solvent, and 0-30 parts of curing agent.

[0035] The film-forming resin is at least one of fluorocarbon resin, hydroxy acrylic resin, silicone-modified acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, and polyester resin;

[0036] The functional resin is at least one of polyester resin, bisphenol A epoxy-modified polyester resin, hydrogenated epoxy-modified polyester resin, o-cresol epoxy resin, and hydrogenated epoxy resin;

[0037] The leveling agent is one or a mixture of two or more of silicon-modified acrylate compounds, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, and polyester-modified polydimethylsiloxane;

[0038] The UV additive is one or a mixture of two or more of benzotriazole, salicylic acid, triazine, and hindered amine light stabilizer;

[0039] The catalyst is one or a mixture of two or more of dibutyltin dilaurate, metal carboxylate catalyst, bismuth neodecanoate catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate catalyst, and amine-blocked DBTDL catalyst;

[0040] The adhesion promoter is one or a mixture of two or more of γ-glycidyl ether propyl trimethoxy silane, 3-isocyanate propyl trimethoxy silane, γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, and vinyl tris (β-methoxyethoxy) silane;

[0041] The functional filler is compounded from transparent powder without crystal water, monodisperse silicone microspheres, and monodisperse PMMA microspheres; the refractive index of the monodisperse PMMA microspheres is similar to that of the film-forming resin; the transparent powder is transparent glass powder; the particle size of the transparent powder is 20-30 μm, the particle size of the monodisperse silicone microspheres is 3-12 μm, and the particle size of the monodisperse PMMA microspheres is 3-12 μm; the compounding ratio of transparent powder, monodisperse silicone microspheres, and monodisperse PMMA microspheres is 1:1:1.5. The microspheres can effectively fill the stacking gaps of the transparent powder, and at the same time, the microspheres have a regular spherical structure, which can act as an opening agent and improve the problem of coating re-sticking;

[0042] The matting filler is a gel-processed silica matting powder or an untreated fumed silica matting powder;

[0043] The antioxidant is at least one of tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite, pentaerythritol tetrakis[β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and triethylene glycol ether-di(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate;

[0044] The solvent is at least one of toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, cyclohexanone and DBE;

[0045] The curing agent is at least one of an open HDI type, a closed HDI type, and an IPDI type curing agent.

[0046] The preparation method of the transparent coating is as follows: by weight, 40-70 parts of film-forming resin, 2-8 parts of functional resin and 20-25 parts of solvent are put into a pull cylinder, stirred at medium speed for 10 minutes, 1-10 parts of functional fillers, 1-8 parts of matting fillers and 3-5 parts of solvent are put into the pull cylinder under low-speed stirring, dispersed at high speed for 45 minutes, 0.3-1.0 parts of leveling agent, 1-3.5 parts of UV additives, 0.5-4 parts of antioxidants, 0.1-0.3 parts of catalysts and 0.5-1.5 parts of adhesion promoter are put into the pull cylinder under low-speed stirring, dispersed at medium speed for 15 minutes to obtain a main agent with uniform dispersion and qualified fineness, 0-30 parts of curing agent and 5-10 parts of solvent are added to the obtained transparent coating and stirred for 15 minutes, dispersed evenly, and the transparent coating is obtained.

[0047] The method for preparing the non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0048] 1) Compounding the water-blocking film and the transparent PET film with an adhesive; after ripening, coating the outer side of the water-blocking film with a transparent coating, and drying and curing in an oven at 90-170° C.; after curing, compounding a transparent transition layer on the other side of the transparent PET film to obtain a transparent water-blocking composite board;

[0049] 2) The transparent transition layer of the obtained transparent water-blocking composite plate and the transparent fluorine film are laminated with a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film (lamination temperature 110-145° C.) to obtain a non-glass front plate of a high water-blocking photovoltaic module.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the non-glass front plate of the high water-blocking photovoltaic module of this embodiment 1 includes a transparent fluorine film 1, a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film 2 and a transparent water-blocking composite plate; the transparent fluorine film is an ETFE fluorine film with a thickness of 20 μm, and the transparent transition layer is a PVDF fluorine film; the transparent water-blocking composite plate includes a transparent transition layer 3, a first adhesive layer 4, a transparent PET film 5, a second adhesive layer 6, a water-blocking film 7 and a transparent base coating 8 which are compounded in sequence; the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film 2 contains an ultraviolet absorber; the transparent transition layer 3 in the transparent water-blocking composite plate is compounded with the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film 2; the transparent base coating 8 has convex points protruding from the coating surface. The convex points in the transparent base coating 8 are formed by using transparent powder with a large particle size.

[0052] The water-blocking film comprises two layers of PET films and an intermediate adhesive layer between the two layers of PET films, and the inner layer of the PET film is provided with a silicon oxide layer, which is formed by depositing silicon dioxide on the PET film by evaporation.

[0053] The cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is a cut-off POE flame-retardant adhesive film. The cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is made of 100 parts of cut-off POE adhesive film particles, 2 parts of benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers and 15 parts of organic nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants (WP-6201F). The specific preparation method is: the adhesive film particles, ultraviolet absorbers and flame retardants are mixed and granulated uniformly, and then extruded and filmed at a certain temperature to obtain the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film.

[0054] The preparation method of the non-glass front plate of the high water-resistance photovoltaic module is as follows: an adhesive is coated on one side of a transparent PET film and a transparent transition layer is compounded, a water-resistance film is compounded on the other side of the transparent PET film through an adhesive, a transparent coating is coated on the water-resistance film, and the film is baked at 170° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a transparent water-resistance composite plate; the transparent transition layer side of the obtained transparent water-resistance composite plate and the transparent fluorine film are laminated (lamination temperature 135° C.) with a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film to obtain a non-glass front plate of the high water-resistance photovoltaic module.

[0055] Among them, the preparation method of the transparent coating for forming a transparent base coating is as follows: by weight, 50 parts of fluorocarbon resin, 3 parts of polyester resin, and 30 parts of solvent are put into a pull cylinder, and stirred at medium speed for 10 minutes. Under low-speed stirring, 5 parts of functional fillers, 2 parts of fumed silica matting powder, and 5 parts of solvent are put into the pull cylinder. After high-speed dispersion for 45 minutes, 0.3 parts of leveling agent, 2 parts of benzotriazole UV additives, 2 parts of antioxidants, 0.1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1 part of γ-glycidyl ether propyl trimethoxysilane are put into the pull cylinder under low-speed stirring, and dispersed at medium speed for 15 minutes to obtain a main agent with uniform dispersion and qualified fineness. 15 parts of IPDI curing agent and 5 parts of solvent are added to the obtained transparent coating and stirred for 15 minutes. Disperse evenly to obtain a transparent coating.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the non-glass front plate of the high water-blocking photovoltaic module of the embodiment 2 includes a transparent fluorine film 1, a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film 2 and a transparent water-blocking composite plate; the transparent fluorine film is an ETFE fluorine film with a thickness of 25 μm, and the transparent transition layer is a PVDF fluorine film; the transparent water-blocking composite plate includes a transparent transition layer 3, a first adhesive layer 4, a transparent PET film 5, a second adhesive layer 6, a water-blocking film 7 and a transparent base coating 8 which are compounded in sequence; the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film 2 contains an ultraviolet absorber; the transparent transition layer 3 in the transparent water-blocking composite plate is compounded with the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film 2; the transparent base coating 8 has convex points protruding from the coating surface. The convex points in the transparent base coating 8 are formed by using transparent powder with large particle size.

[0058] The water-blocking film comprises two layers of PET films and an intermediate adhesive layer between the two layers of PET films, and the inner layer of the PET film is provided with a silicon oxide layer, which is formed by depositing silicon dioxide on the PET film by evaporation.

[0059] The cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is a cut-off POE flame-retardant adhesive film. The cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is made of 100 parts of cut-off POE adhesive film particles, 2 parts of benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers and 15 parts of organic nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants (BP-6A). The specific preparation method is: the adhesive film particles, ultraviolet absorbers and flame retardants are mixed and granulated uniformly, and then extruded and filmed at a certain temperature to obtain the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film.

[0060] The preparation method of the non-glass front plate of the high water-resistance photovoltaic module is as follows: an adhesive is coated on one side of a transparent PET film and a transparent transition layer is compounded; a water-resistance film is compounded on the other side of the transparent PET film through an adhesive, and then a transparent coating is coated on the water-resistance film, and the film is baked at 170° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a transparent water-resistance composite plate; the transparent transition layer side of the obtained transparent water-resistance composite plate and the transparent fluorine film are laminated (lamination temperature is 145° C.) with a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film to obtain a non-glass front plate of the high water-resistance photovoltaic module.

[0061] Among them, the preparation method of the transparent coating for forming a transparent base coating is as follows: by weight, 55 parts of fluorocarbon resin, 2.5 parts of polyester resin, and 30 parts of solvent are put into a pull cylinder, and stirred at medium speed for 10 minutes. Under low-speed stirring, 4.8 parts of functional fillers, 2.2 parts of fumed silica matting powder, and 5 parts of solvent are put into the pull cylinder. After high-speed dispersion for 45 minutes, 0.3 parts of leveling agent, 2 parts of benzotriazole UV additives, 2 parts of antioxidants, 0.1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1 part of γ-glycidyl ether propyl trimethoxysilane are put into the pull cylinder under low-speed stirring, and dispersed at medium speed for 15 minutes to obtain a main agent with uniform dispersion and qualified fineness. 15 parts of IPDI curing agent and 5 parts of solvent are added to the obtained transparent coating and stirred for 15 minutes. Disperse evenly to obtain a transparent coating.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] like Figure 1As shown, the non-glass front plate of the high water-blocking photovoltaic module of this embodiment 3 includes a transparent fluorine film 1, a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film 2 and a transparent water-blocking composite plate; the transparent fluorine film is a PVDF fluorine film with a thickness of 22 μm, and the transparent transition layer is a PVDF fluorine film; the transparent water-blocking composite plate includes a transparent transition layer 3, a first adhesive layer 4, a transparent PET film 5, a second adhesive layer 6, a water-blocking film 7 and a transparent bottom coating 8 which are compounded in sequence; the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film contains an ultraviolet absorber; the transparent transition layer 3 in the transparent water-blocking composite plate is compounded with the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film 2; the transparent bottom coating 8 has convex points protruding from the coating surface. The convex points in the transparent bottom coating are formed by using transparent powder with large particle size.

[0064] The water-blocking film comprises two layers of PET films and an intermediate adhesive layer between the two layers of PET films, and the inner layer of the PET film is provided with a silicon oxide layer, which is formed by depositing silicon dioxide on the PET film by evaporation.

[0065] The cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is a cut-off POE flame-retardant adhesive film. The cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film is made of 100 parts of cut-off POE adhesive film particles, 3 parts of benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers and 12 parts of organic nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants (BP-6A). The specific preparation method is: the adhesive film particles, ultraviolet absorbers and flame retardants are mixed and granulated uniformly, and then extruded and filmed at a certain temperature to obtain the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film.

[0066] The preparation method of the non-glass front plate of the high water-resistance photovoltaic module is as follows: an adhesive is coated on one side of a transparent PET film and a transparent transition layer is compounded; a water-resistance film is compounded on the other side of the transparent PET film through an adhesive, and then a transparent coating is coated on the water-resistance film, and the film is baked at 170° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a transparent water-resistance composite plate; the transparent transition layer side of the obtained transparent water-resistance composite plate and the transparent fluorine film are laminated (lamination temperature is 145° C.) with a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film to obtain a non-glass front plate of the high water-resistance photovoltaic module.

[0067] Among them, the preparation method of the transparent coating for forming a transparent base coating is as follows: by weight, 60 parts of fluorocarbon resin, 2 parts of polyester resin, and 30 parts of solvent are put into a pull cylinder, and stirred at medium speed for 10 minutes. Under low-speed stirring, 4.5 parts of functional fillers, 2 parts of fumed silica matting powder, and 5 parts of solvent are put into the pull cylinder. After high-speed dispersion for 45 minutes, 0.3 parts of leveling agent, 2 parts of benzotriazole UV additives, 2 parts of antioxidants, 0.1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1 part of γ-glycidyl ether propyl trimethoxysilane are put into the pull cylinder under low-speed stirring, and dispersed at medium speed for 15 minutes to obtain a main agent with uniform dispersion and qualified fineness. 15 parts of IPDI and 5 parts of solvent are added to the prepared transparent coating and stirred for 15 minutes. Disperse evenly to obtain a transparent coating.

[0068] The non-glass front panels of the high water-resistant photovoltaic modules of Examples 1-3 were subjected to performance tests, including scratch resistance, light transmittance, yellowing resistance, water permeability and flame retardancy. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0069] Scratching force reference standard: "GB / T 9286-2021 Scratching test for paints and varnishes";

[0070] Light transmittance reference standard: ASTM E424-71 "Test method for solar energy transmission and reflection of thin plate materials";

[0071] Anti-yellowing reference standard: GB / T 3979-2008 "Measurement method of object color";

[0072] Water permeability reference standard: GB / T 21529-2008 "Determination of water vapor transmission rate of plastic films and sheets - Electrolytic sensor method";

[0073] Flame retardancy reference standard: ISO11925-2 "Single fire source flammability test".

[0074] Table 1

[0075]

[0076] It can be seen from Table 1 that the non-glass front plate of the present invention has excellent weather resistance, light transmittance, water barrier and flame retardancy.

[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

[0078] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module, characterized in that: It includes a transparent fluorine film, a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film and a transparent water-blocking composite plate; the transparent water-blocking composite plate includes a transparent transition layer, a transparent PET film, a water-blocking film and a transparent base coating layer which are compounded in sequence; the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film contains an ultraviolet absorber; the transparent transition layer in the transparent water-blocking composite plate is compounded with the cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film; the transparent base coating layer has convex points protruding from the coating surface.

2. The non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-blocking film comprises two layers of PET films and an intermediate adhesive layer located between the two layers of PET films, the inner layer of the PET film is provided with a silicon oxide layer or an aluminum oxide layer; the transparent PET film and the water-blocking film are compounded by an adhesive.

3. The non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The convex points in the transparent base coating layer are formed by using transparent powder with large particle size.

4. The non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent fluorine film is an ETFE fluorine film or a PVDF fluorine film, and the transparent transition layer is a PVDF fluorine film or a coating made of paint.

5. The non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cut-off type transparent flame retardant adhesive film is a cut-off type POE flame retardant adhesive film or a cut-off type EVA flame retardant adhesive film.

6. The non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light transmittance of the non-glass front plate is above 86%.

7. A method for preparing a non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Compounding the water-blocking film and the transparent PET film with an adhesive; after ripening, coating the outer side of the water-blocking film with a transparent coating, and drying and curing in an oven at 90-170° C.; after curing, compounding a transparent transition layer on the other side of the transparent PET film to obtain a transparent water-blocking composite board; 2) The transparent transition layer and the transparent fluorine film of the obtained transparent water-blocking composite plate are laminated and compounded by using a cut-off transparent flame-retardant adhesive film to obtain a non-glass front plate of a high water-blocking photovoltaic module.

8. The method for preparing a non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the transparent coating include the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of film-forming resin, 2-8 parts of functional resin, 0.3-1.0 parts of leveling agent, 1-3.5 parts of UV additive, 1-10 parts of functional filler, 1-8 parts of matting filler, 0.5-4 parts of antioxidant, 0.03-0.3 parts of catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of adhesion promoter, 20-40 parts of solvent and 0-30 parts of curing agent.

9. The method for preparing a non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the cut-off type transparent flame-retardant adhesive film include cut-off type POE adhesive film particles, an ultraviolet absorber and a flame retardant.

10. The method for preparing a non-glass front plate of a high water-resistance photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The functional filler is compounded by transparent powder without crystal water, monodisperse organic silicon microspheres and monodisperse PMMA microspheres.

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