Sulfuric acid decomposition reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, which comprises a metal inner shell filled with a heat conduction material layer; a heated part of the heat exchange type reaction assembly is inserted into the metal inner shell and is wrapped by the heat conduction material layer; and the heating end of the electric heating rod is inserted into the metal inner shell and is wrapped by the heat conduction material layer. The electric heating rod is used for heating, uniform temperature in the metal inner shell is guaranteed through the heat conduction material layer, a high-temperature gas loop is not needed, equipment operation and manufacturing are simplified, the requirement for sealing performance is lowered, equipment reliability is improved, temperature distribution in the metal inner shell is improved through the use of the heat conduction material layer, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged. And the decomposition efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production equipment, and more specifically to a sulfuric acid decomposition reactor. Background Art

[0002] As a clean energy, hydrogen has broad application prospects in transportation, industry, construction, electricity and other fields. At present, hydrogen production methods mainly include fossil energy hydrogen production and industrial by-product gas hydrogen production. Although these processes are mature and low in cost, they have carbon emission problems. Among them, water electrolysis, solar photo / electrocatalytic water decomposition, high-temperature thermal water decomposition and other methods are considered to be feasible ways to reduce or eliminate carbon emissions.

[0003] Although hydrogen production from water electrolysis has no carbon emissions, its low efficiency and high cost limit its large-scale application. Although solar photo / electrocatalytic water decomposition to produce hydrogen is environmentally friendly, its conversion efficiency is low and is limited by environmental conditions. Although high-temperature thermal decomposition of water to produce hydrogen is simple in theory, it requires extremely high temperatures and is difficult to implement in engineering. In view of this, thermochemical cycle water decomposition to produce hydrogen has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency and zero emissions.

[0004] Thermochemical cycle decomposition of water to produce hydrogen is achieved by coupling two or more chemical reactions to form a closed cycle to decompose water to produce hydrogen. This technology has the characteristics of high thermal efficiency, pollution-free process and easy large-scale application. The iodine-sulfur cycle and mixed sulfur cycle are the most promising hydrogen production methods in the thermochemical cycle. Sulfuric acid decomposition is a common step in the iodine-sulfur / mixed sulfur cycle hydrogen production process and is the core link of this technology to use high-temperature process heat to achieve efficient hydrogen production.

[0005] A conventional sulfuric acid decomposition reactor generally includes a heat exchange reaction component and a heating source for heating the heat exchange reaction component. The heat exchange reaction component is used to introduce sulfuric acid, and the sulfuric acid reacts under the catalytic action of a catalyst in the heat exchange reaction component to obtain a reaction product. The heating source is used to provide heat for the catalytic reaction of sulfuric acid to ensure that the catalytic reaction can occur. In the prior art, high-temperature gas is generally used as a heating source, and convection heat is exchanged between the high-temperature gas and the heat exchange reaction component. However, the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor using high-temperature gas as a heating source has a high sealing requirement, resulting in a relatively complex structure and uneven internal temperature distribution.

[0006] Therefore, how to reduce the requirements for sealing, simplify the equipment structure, and ensure uniform internal temperature distribution is an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a sulfuric acid decomposition reactor to reduce the requirements for sealing, simplify the equipment structure, and ensure uniform internal temperature distribution.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, comprising: A metal inner shell, wherein the interior of the metal inner shell is filled with a heat-conducting material layer; A heat exchange reaction component, wherein the heated portion of the heat exchange reaction component is inserted into the metal inner shell and is wrapped by the heat conductive material layer; An electric heating rod, the heating end of which is inserted into the metal inner shell and wrapped by the heat-conducting material layer.

[0009] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, it also includes: A metal outer shell is sleeved on the outside of the metal inner shell, and a heat insulation material layer is filled between the metal outer shell and the metal inner shell; a first tube sheet and a second tube sheet, wherein the first tube sheet is connected to the upper end of the metal shell, and the second tube sheet is connected to the lower end of the metal shell; The reaction fluid inlet and the reaction product outlet of the heat exchange reaction component are both arranged outside the second tube sheet.

[0010] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, the length of the metal inner shell is smaller than the length of the metal outer shell; Both ends of the metal inner shell are provided with metal rings, the end of the metal inner shell is connected to the inner ring of the metal ring, and the outer ring of the metal ring is connected to the inner wall of the metal outer shell; The heat insulation material layer is arranged between the metal inner shell and the metal outer shell, between the metal ring at the upper end of the metal inner shell and the first tube sheet, and between the metal ring at the lower end of the metal inner shell and the second tube sheet.

[0011] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, the heat exchange reaction component comprises: An outer reaction tube, wherein the outer reaction tube is a tube body with one end closed and the other end having an opening, and the opening of the outer reaction tube is the inlet of the reaction fluid; An inner reaction tube, wherein the first end of the inner reaction tube is inserted into the outer reaction tube through the opening of the outer reaction tube, the second end of the inner reaction tube is outside the outer reaction tube, a fluid channel for the reaction fluid to flow is formed between the inner reaction tube and the outer reaction tube, the first end of the outer reaction tube has a reaction inlet for the reaction fluid to enter, and the second end of the inner reaction tube is a reaction product outlet; The catalyst bed is arranged in the inner reaction tube.

[0012] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, it also includes: A feed pipe box is sealed and connected to the second tube sheet, and the reaction fluid inlet of the outer reaction tube is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box, and the feed pipe box has a feed port; The discharge pipe box is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box. The reaction product outlet at the second end of the reaction inner tube is sealed and connected to the discharge pipe box. The discharge pipe box has a discharge port.

[0013] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, the discharge pipe box is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box through a third tube sheet; and / or, One end of the discharge pipe box away from the feed pipe box is sealed by the fourth tube sheet.

[0014] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, a porous disc is provided in the inner reaction tube, and the porous disc has a plurality of reaction product passage holes; The catalyst bed is arranged between the porous disk and the first end of the inner reaction tube.

[0015] Optionally, in the above-mentioned sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, the end opening of the first end of the inner reaction tube is used for disassembling and installing the catalyst bed; A plurality of reaction inlets are provided on the side wall of the first end of the inner reaction tube; The catalyst bed is arranged between the porous disc and the reaction inlet.

[0016] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, a plurality of baffles are arranged at intervals in the inner reaction tube, a flow gap is provided between the baffle and the inner wall of the inner reaction tube, and the baffle is arranged between the porous disc and the second end of the inner reaction tube; and / or, A plurality of support plates arranged at intervals are sleeved on the outer wall of the inner reaction tube, the support plates are fitted with the outer reaction tube, and reaction fluid passing holes penetrating the plate surface are opened on the support plates.

[0017] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, there are multiple baffles, and the projections of any two adjacent baffles on the cross section of the reaction inner tube are symmetrical along the axis of the reaction inner tube; The support plate has a central hole which is sleeved on the inner reaction tube, and the support plate is welded to the outer wall of the inner reaction tube.

[0018] Optionally, in the above-mentioned sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, the baffle is a semicircular plate, and the arc edge of the baffle is in contact with the inner wall of the reaction inner tube.

[0019] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, a first temperature measuring thermocouple is further included, wherein the first temperature measuring thermocouple is inserted into the metal inner shell through the first tube sheet and is used to detect the temperature inside the metal inner shell; The controller controls the electric heating rod to increase the heating power when the temperature value detected by the first temperature measuring thermocouple is lower than the preset temperature value; and controls the electric heating rod to reduce the heating power when the temperature value detected by the first temperature measuring thermocouple is higher than the preset temperature value.

[0020] Optionally, in the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, the first temperature measuring thermocouple is a multi-point temperature measuring thermocouple for detecting the temperature at multiple height positions in the metal inner shell; When the temperature value at the target height is lower than the preset temperature value, the controller controls the electric heating rod to increase the heating power; when the temperature value at the target height is higher than the preset temperature value, the controller controls the electric heating rod to reduce the heating power.

[0021] Optionally, the above-mentioned sulfuric acid decomposition reactor also includes a second temperature measuring thermocouple, which is a multi-point temperature measuring thermocouple used to detect the temperature at multiple height positions in the metal inner shell and the temperature in the discharge pipe box and the feed pipe box.

[0022] Optionally, the above sulfuric acid decomposition reactor further includes a corrosion-resistant sleeve sleeved outside the second temperature measuring thermocouple.

[0023] When the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor provided by the present invention is used, the electric heating rod is first started to heat up, and the heat is conducted to the entire metal inner shell through the heat conductive material layer. When the temperature inside the metal inner shell reaches the reaction condition temperature, the feeding starts. The sulfuric acid is heated and vaporized in the heat exchange reaction component, and a catalytic decomposition reaction occurs with the catalyst in the catalyst bed, and the reaction product flows out of the heat exchange reaction component. The present invention utilizes an electric heating rod for heating and temperature increase, and ensures that the temperature inside the metal inner shell is uniform through the heat conductive material layer, and does not require a high-temperature gas circuit, which simplifies the operation and manufacture of the equipment, reduces the requirements for sealing, and improves the reliability of the equipment. Through the use of the heat conductive material layer, the temperature distribution inside the metal inner shell is improved, and the decomposition efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1It is a cross-sectional view of a sulfuric acid decomposition reactor disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a heat insulation material layer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a heat exchange reaction assembly disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A top view of a porous disc disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A top view of a support plate disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the baffle disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The meanings of the reference numerals in the figures are as follows: 100-heat exchange reaction assembly; 101-reaction inner tube; 102-reaction outer tube; 103-baffle; 1031-arc edge; 104-support plate; 1041-center hole; 1042-reaction fluid passage hole; 105-porous disc; 1051-reaction product passage hole; 106-catalyst bed; 201-second temperature measuring thermocouple; 202-seal; 203-fourth tube sheet; 204-discharge pipe box; 205-second metal pressure plate; 206-third tube sheet; 207-feed pipe box; 208-first metal pressure plate; 209-second tube sheet; 210-metal outer shell; 211-thermal insulation material layer; 212-metal inner shell; 213-corrosion-resistant sleeve; 214-electric heating rod; 215-support ear; 216-thermal conductive material layer; 217-first tube sheet; 218-first temperature measuring thermocouple; 219-metal ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The core of the present invention is to provide a sulfuric acid decomposition reactor to reduce the requirements for sealing, simplify the equipment structure, and ensure uniform internal temperature distribution. In addition, the present invention does not require a high-temperature gas circuit and is more flexible in operation.

[0028] The following embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the embodiments shown below do not limit the invention contents described in the claims. In addition, the entire contents of the structures represented by the following embodiments are not limited to those necessary as solutions to the inventions described in the claims. It should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the inventions are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, which includes a metal inner shell 212, a heat exchange reaction assembly 100 and an electric heating rod 214. The metal inner shell 212 is filled with a heat conductive material layer 216, which has a better heat conductive effect than air, ensuring that the temperature inside the metal inner shell 212 is relatively uniform.

[0030] The heated portion of the heat exchange reaction component 100 is inserted into the metal inner shell 212 and wrapped by the heat conductive material layer 216 to ensure that the heated portion of the heat exchange reaction component 100 is heated more evenly. The heating end of the electric heating rod 214 is inserted into the metal inner shell 212 and wrapped by the heat conductive material layer 216. The heat generated by the electric heating rod 214 can be evenly conducted to the heat exchange reaction component 100 through the heat conductive material layer 216. The heat conductive material layer 216 can be selected from common heat conductive materials in the prior art, and this embodiment does not limit the specific heat conductive material.

[0031] When the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor provided by the present invention is used, the electric heating rod 214 is first started to heat up, and the heat is conducted to the entire metal inner shell 212 through the heat conductive material layer 216. When the temperature inside the metal inner shell 212 reaches the reaction condition temperature, the feeding starts. Sulfuric acid is heated and vaporized in the heat exchange reaction component 100, and a catalytic decomposition reaction occurs under the catalytic action of the catalyst bed, and the reaction product flows out of the heat exchange reaction component 100. The present invention uses the electric heating rod 214 for heating and temperature increase, and the heat conductive material layer 216 is used to ensure that the temperature inside the metal inner shell 212 is uniform, and no high-temperature gas loop is required, which simplifies the operation and manufacture of the equipment, reduces the requirements for sealing, and improves the reliability of the equipment. Through the use of the heat conductive material layer 216, the temperature distribution inside the metal inner shell 212 is improved, and the decomposition efficiency is improved.

[0032] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor may further include a metal shell 210, a first tube sheet 217 and a second tube sheet 209. The metal shell 210 is sleeved on the outside of the metal inner shell 212, and a heat insulation material layer 211 is filled between the metal shell 210 and the metal inner shell 212 to reduce the heat loss of the metal inner shell 212. A lug 215 is provided on the outer wall of the metal shell 210 to achieve the installation of the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor.

[0033] The first tube sheet 217 is connected to the upper end of the metal shell 210, and the second tube sheet 209 is connected to the lower end of the metal shell 210 to compact the heat insulating material layer 211 inside the metal shell 210. The reaction fluid inlet and reaction product outlet of the heat exchange reaction assembly 100 are arranged outside the second tube sheet 209.

[0034] Furthermore, if Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it should be noted that Figure 2 The structure shown is only for the convenience of understanding the installation of the heat insulating material layer 211 , and thus the axial length of the metal inner shell 212 is reduced.

[0035] The length of the metal inner shell 212 is smaller than that of the metal outer shell 210, so that the metal inner shell 212 is located inside the metal outer shell 210, and a heat insulation material layer 211 can be provided at both ends of the metal inner shell 212, so that the heat inside the metal inner shell 212 can be slowed down from diffusing to the outside through its side walls, and can also be slowed down from diffusing to the outside through the ends.

[0036] Metal rings 219 are provided at both ends of the metal inner shell 212, the end of the metal inner shell 212 is connected to the inner circle of the metal ring 219, and the outer circle of the metal ring 219 is connected to the inner wall of the metal outer shell 210. The metal rings 219 at both ends of the metal inner shell 212 can fix the insulation material layer 211 between the outer wall of the metal inner shell 212 and the inner wall of the metal outer shell 210.

[0037] The heat insulating material layer 211 can be an annular mullite fiber block, which is placed in the annular space formed by the metal inner shell 212 and the metal outer shell 210. The metal ring 219 connects the metal inner shell 212 and the metal outer shell 210, and can be fixed by spot welding. During installation, the lower metal ring 219 can be spot welded to the metal outer shell 210 first; then the metal inner shell 212 is placed on the lower metal ring 219 and fixed by spot welding; then the heat insulating material layer 211 is placed, and finally the upper metal ring 219 is placed and fixed by spot welding.

[0038] A heat insulation material layer 211 is also provided between the metal ring 219 at the upper end of the metal inner shell 212 and the first tube sheet 217 , and between the metal ring 219 at the lower end of the metal inner shell 212 and the second tube sheet 209 .

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange reaction assembly 100 disclosed in this embodiment includes an outer reaction tube 102, an inner reaction tube 101 and a catalyst bed 106. The outer reaction tube 102 is a tube body with one end closed and the other end having an opening.

[0040] The first end of the inner reaction tube 101 is inserted into the outer reaction tube 102 through the opening of the outer reaction tube 102, and the second end of the inner reaction tube 101 is located outside the outer reaction tube 102, so that the ports of the inner reaction tube 101 and the outer reaction tube 102 are staggered. The open end of the outer reaction tube 102 is used to pass the reaction fluid (such as sulfuric acid), and a fluid channel for the reaction fluid to flow is formed between the inner reaction tube 101 and the outer reaction tube 102. After the reaction fluid is passed through the open end of the outer reaction tube 102, it will flow toward the closed end of the outer reaction tube 102 along the fluid channel formed between the inner reaction tube 101 and the outer reaction tube 102. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the size of the gap between the inner reaction tube 101 and the outer reaction tube 102 determines the size of the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid channel. Those skilled in the art should select the diameters of the inner reaction tube 101 and the outer reaction tube 102 according to the processing volume and processing capacity, and then control the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid channel.

[0041] The first end of the inner reaction tube 101 has a reaction inlet for the reaction fluid to enter, and the second end of the inner reaction tube 101 is a reaction product outlet. After the reaction fluid flows along the fluid channel to the closed end of the outer reaction tube 102, it can enter the inner reaction tube 101 through the reaction inlet of the inner reaction tube 101, and continue to flow along the inner reaction tube 101 toward the second end of the inner reaction tube 101.

[0042] The catalyst bed 106 is disposed in the reaction inner tube 101. When the reaction fluid flows toward the second end of the reaction inner tube 101, it passes through the catalyst bed 106 and undergoes a chemical reaction under the catalytic action of the catalyst bed 106 to obtain a reaction product. Taking the sulfuric acid decomposition reaction as an example, sulfuric acid as a reaction fluid undergoes a chemical reaction under the catalytic action of the catalyst bed 106, and the obtained reaction products are water vapor, sulfur dioxide gas and oxygen.

[0043] The electric heating rod 214 conducts heat to the outer reaction tube 102 through the heat-conducting material layer 216 , and heats the reaction fluid (ie, sulfuric acid) between the outer reaction tube 102 and the inner reaction tube 101 , so that the reaction fluid is heated and vaporized.

[0044] In this embodiment, the catalyst bed 106 is arranged in the inner reaction tube 101, rather than between the outer reaction tube 102 and the inner reaction tube 101, so that the reaction fluid can exchange heat with the heat conductive material layer 216 along the entire path of the fluid channel, thereby increasing the heat exchange path. The reaction fluid flows from the lower part to the upper part of the heat exchange reaction assembly 100, and the temperature is gradually increased. When it flows to the top (i.e., the closed end) of the outer reaction tube 102, the reaction fluid reaches the highest temperature, so that the reaction fluid is vaporized, and the vaporized reaction fluid enters the inner reaction tube 101, thereby avoiding the situation where a large flow of liquid reaction fluid submerges the catalyst and avoiding the loss of the catalyst.

[0045] In addition, the reaction fluid undergoes a chemical reaction at a high temperature, so that the temperature of the reaction product is also high. When the reaction product flows from the first end to the second end of the reaction inner tube 101 (i.e., the reaction product flows from top to bottom), it undergoes convection heat exchange with the reaction fluid flowing from bottom to top in the fluid channel, thereby preheating the reaction fluid to improve the utilization rate of thermal energy.

[0046] In the heat exchange reaction assembly 100 disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, one end of the inner reaction tube 101 is inserted into the outer reaction tube 102, and the other end is located outside the outer reaction tube 102. The inner reaction tube 101 and the outer reaction tube 102 form a fluid channel for the reaction fluid to flow. The reaction fluid enters the fluid channel through the open side of the outer reaction tube 102 and flows toward the closed end of the outer reaction tube 102. The reaction fluid enters the inner reaction tube 101 through the reaction inlet at the first end of the inner reaction tube 101. A catalyst bed 106 is provided in the inner reaction tube 101. When the reaction fluid flows toward the second end of the inner reaction tube 101, it flows through the catalyst bed 106. Under the catalytic action of the catalyst bed 106, a reaction occurs to obtain a reaction product, and the reaction product flows out through the reaction product outlet at the second end of the inner reaction tube 101.

[0047] The catalyst bed 106 of the present invention is arranged in the inner reaction tube 101, which is easier to fix and can prevent the catalyst from moving or losing during the reaction process. In addition, when replacing the catalyst, it is only necessary to pull the inner reaction tube 101 out of the outer reaction tube 102, and then take out the catalyst bed 106 in the inner reaction tube 101 and replace it, which simplifies the disassembly and assembly process of the heat exchange reaction assembly 100 and facilitates scale-up in industry.

[0048] Furthermore, the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor may also include a feed pipe box 207 and a discharge pipe box 204. The feed pipe box 207 is sealed and connected to the second tube sheet 209, the reaction fluid inlet of the reaction outer tube 102 is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box 207, the feed pipe box 207 has a feed port, sulfuric acid can be pumped into the feed pipe box 207 through the feed port by a feed pump, and since the reaction fluid inlet is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box 207, the sulfuric acid in the feed pipe box 207 enters the fluid channel through the reaction fluid inlet.

[0049] The discharge pipe box 204 is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box 207. The reaction product outlet at the second end of the inner reaction tube 101 is sealed and connected to the discharge pipe box 204. The discharge pipe box 204 has a discharge port. The reaction product obtained by the reaction in the inner reaction tube 101 enters the discharge pipe box 204 through the reaction product outlet, and is discharged through the discharge port, and can be discharged into a corresponding position through a pipeline.

[0050] Furthermore, the discharge pipe box 204 is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box 207 through the third tube sheet 206, and one end of the discharge pipe box 204 away from the feed pipe box 207 is blocked by the fourth tube sheet 203. That is, the upper and lower ends of the feed pipe box 207 are blocked by the second tube sheet 209 and the third tube sheet 206, respectively, to prevent leakage of the reaction fluid in the feed pipe box 207; the upper and lower ends of the discharge pipe box 204 are blocked by the third tube sheet 206 and the fourth tube sheet 203, respectively, to prevent leakage of the reaction product in the feed pipe box 207.

[0051] The connection parts between the heat exchange reaction assembly 100 and the feed pipe box 207 and the discharge pipe box 204 should be sealed with sealing devices to prevent leakage of reaction fluid and reaction products at the connection parts.

[0052] In order to further improve the fixing effect of the catalyst bed 106, a porous disk 105 is provided in the inner reaction tube 101. Figure 4 As shown, the porous disc 105 has a plurality of reaction product passage holes 1051, so that the reaction product can continue to flow to the reaction product outlet of the downstream reaction inner tube 101 through the reaction product passage holes 1051. Each reaction product passage hole 1051 should be evenly arranged on the porous disc 105 so that the reaction product can flow evenly in the reaction inner tube 101. The reaction product passage holes 1051 can be set according to the actual scene so as not to hinder the passage of the reaction product and to provide support for the catalyst bed 106.

[0053] The catalyst bed 106 is disposed between the porous disc 105 and the first end of the reaction inner tube 101, that is, the catalyst bed 106 is arranged at the top end of the reaction inner tube 101 as much as possible, so that the reaction fluid can react as soon as possible under the catalytic action of the catalyst bed 106 after heat exchange and vaporization, thereby avoiding the vaporized reaction fluid having to pass through a long path in the reaction inner tube 101 before it can contact and react with the catalyst, resulting in the reaction fluid cooling and liquefaction.

[0054] Furthermore, the inner reaction tube 101 is a tube body with both ends not closed, and the opening at the first end can be used for disassembling and assembling the catalyst bed 106, and the opening at the second end is used for discharging the reaction product. Since the first end of the inner reaction tube 101 is inserted into the outer reaction tube 102, in order to improve the heat exchange path of the reaction fluid, the first end of the inner reaction tube 101 is usually inserted into the closed end surface of the outer reaction tube 102, or as close to the closed end surface of the outer reaction tube 102 as possible, which makes it difficult for the reaction fluid to enter the inner reaction tube 101 through the opening at the first end of the inner reaction tube 101.

[0055] In this embodiment, the end opening of the first end of the reaction inner tube 101 is used for disassembling and installing the catalyst bed 106, and a plurality of reaction inlets are provided on the side wall of the first end of the reaction inner tube 101. The reaction inlets are provided on the side wall of the first end of the reaction inner tube 101, so that the reaction fluid can enter the reaction inner tube 101 conveniently, thereby avoiding the reaction efficiency being affected due to the congestion of the reaction fluid.

[0056] The catalyst bed 106 is disposed between the porous disc 105 and the reaction inlet to prevent the catalyst bed 106 from blocking the reaction inlet. The reaction inlet can be arranged in multiple rows along the axial direction of the reaction inner tube 101, and each row is arranged in multiple rows along the circumferential direction of the reaction inner tube 101 to improve the passing efficiency of the reaction fluid.

[0057] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of baffles 103 are arranged at intervals in the inner reaction tube 101, and a flow gap is provided between the baffles 103 and the inner wall of the inner reaction tube 101. The baffles 103 are arranged between the porous disc 105 and the second end of the inner reaction tube 101.

[0058] In this embodiment, a plurality of baffles 103 are arranged at intervals in the reaction inner tube 101, so that when the reaction product flows in the direction of the reaction product outlet, the reaction product will be affected by the baffles 103 and flow back and forth in the reaction inner tube 101, thereby increasing the path of the reaction product, that is, increasing the time for heat exchange between the reaction product and the reaction fluid, improving the utilization rate of thermal energy, and at the same time reducing the temperature at the reaction product outlet, avoiding the problem of high-temperature sealing at the reaction product outlet.

[0059] Specifically, there are multiple baffles 103, and the projections of any two adjacent baffles 103 on the cross section of the reaction inner tube 101 are symmetrical along the axis of the reaction inner tube 101. That is, the baffles 103 are arranged symmetrically in the reaction inner tube 101, and there is a certain interval between two adjacent baffles 103 in the axial direction of the reaction inner tube 101, so that the reaction product flows in a left-right turning manner when flowing through the baffles 103.

[0060] The baffle 103 is a semicircular plate, and the arc edge 1031 of the baffle 103 is fitted to the inner wall of the inner reaction tube 101. The diameter of the baffle 103 can be designed to be the same as the inner diameter of the inner reaction tube 101, so that the arc edge 1031 of the baffle 103 can fit the inner wall of the inner reaction tube 101 surface to surface, that is, the baffle 103 blocks half of the flow area on the corresponding cross section of the inner reaction tube 101, so as to increase the flow path and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0061] In this embodiment, the baffles 103 and the porous disk 105 can be welded to the inner wall of the inner reaction tube 101. The material of the heat exchange reaction assembly 100 can be silicon carbide and is manufactured by a pressureless sintering method.

[0062] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of support disks 104 arranged at intervals are sleeved on the outer wall of the reaction inner tube 101, the support disks 104 are fitted with the reaction outer tube 102, and the support disks 104 are provided with reaction fluid passage holes 1042 that penetrate the plate surface. In this embodiment, a plurality of support disks 104 are arranged at intervals on the fluid channel, and in order to ensure that the flow can pass through the support disks 104, the support disks 104 are provided with reaction fluid passage holes 1042, so that the reaction fluid can pass through the support disks 104 through the reaction fluid passage holes 1042. When the reaction fluid passes through the reaction fluid passage holes 1042, the speed of the reaction fluid can be increased, and turbulence is formed at the same time, thereby increasing the convective heat exchange effect, that is, increasing the heat exchange effect with the heat conductive material layer 216 and the reaction product in the reaction inner tube 101.

[0063] The support plate 104 has a central hole 1041 sleeved on the reaction inner tube 101, and the support plate 104 is welded to the outer wall of the reaction inner tube 101. The reaction fluid passage holes 1042 can be evenly arranged around the central hole 1041. The support plate 104 is an annular structure, and its inner ring diameter (i.e., the diameter of the central hole 1041) can be designed to be the same as the outer diameter of the reaction inner tube 101, and the outer ring diameter of the support plate 104 can be designed to be the same as the inner diameter of the reaction outer tube 102.

[0064] The support plate 104 is welded to the inner reaction tube 101 and inserted into the outer reaction tube 102 together. The support plates 104 can ensure that the inner wall of the outer reaction tube 102 and the outer wall of the inner reaction tube 101 remain the same at any position in the axial direction, so that the axes of the outer reaction tube 102 and the inner reaction tube 101 are the same.

[0065] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor may further include a first temperature measuring thermocouple 218, which is inserted into the metal inner shell 212 from the first tube sheet 217 to detect the temperature inside the metal inner shell 212, and the electric heating rod 214 is also inserted into the metal inner shell 212 from the first tube sheet 217. The upper parts of the electric heating rod 214 and the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218 are both provided with external threads, and the first tube sheet 217 may be provided with a threaded hole, and the two are connected by threads.

[0066] When the temperature value detected by the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218 is lower than the preset temperature value, the electric heating rod 214 is controlled to increase the heating power. Those skilled in the art can set the preset temperature value according to the reaction requirements to ensure that the reaction fluid can be heated to the reaction temperature. Of course, the preset temperature value can also be set according to the temperature required for the vaporization of the reaction fluid to ensure that the reaction fluid can be vaporized. When the temperature value detected by the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218 is higher than the preset temperature value, the electric heating rod 214 is controlled to reduce the heating power.

[0067] Furthermore, the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218 is a multi-point temperature measuring thermocouple for detecting the temperature at multiple height positions inside the metal inner shell 212. For example, the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218 may have 10 temperature probes, and the temperature value measured by the temperature measuring probe at one of the heights can be used as a basis for judging the heating power of the electric heating rod 214.

[0068] When the temperature value at the target height is lower than the preset temperature value, the controller controls the electric heating rod 214 to increase the heating power; when the temperature value at the target height is higher than the preset temperature value, the controller controls the electric heating rod 214 to reduce the heating power. That is, in this embodiment, the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218 and the electric heating rod 214 are in an interlocking arrangement, so that the electric heating rod 214 can adjust its own heating power according to the temperature value detected by the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218.

[0069] By arranging temperature probes at multiple height positions, the temperature values ​​at different height positions of the metal inner shell 212 can be verified to determine whether the temperature inside the metal inner shell 212 is uniform; when the temperature values ​​at different height positions differ greatly, the operator can be reminded to perform equipment maintenance to find out the cause of the large temperature difference.

[0070] Further, the sulfuric acid decomposition reactor disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention may also include a second temperature measuring thermocouple 201, which is a multi-point temperature measuring thermocouple for detecting the temperature at multiple height positions in the metal inner shell 212 and the temperature in the discharge pipe box 204 and the feed pipe box 207. The second temperature measuring thermocouple 201 can be inserted into the metal inner shell 212 through one end of the fourth tube sheet 203. The second temperature measuring thermocouple 201 can have 10 temperature probes to detect temperature values ​​at different heights. In addition to being able to detect the temperature values ​​at multiple height positions in the metal inner shell 212, the temperature in the discharge pipe box 204 and the feed pipe box 207 can also be detected. For example, the temperature value of the sealing portion between the discharge pipe box 204 and the reaction inner tube 101 can be detected, and the temperature value of the sealing portion between the feed pipe box 207 and the reaction outer tube 102 can also be detected. When the temperature at the sealing portion is high, the operator is reminded to avoid material leakage accidents.

[0071] When the difference between the temperature values ​​detected by the second temperature measuring thermocouple 201 and the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218 at the same height exceeds a preset difference, it is determined that at least one of the second temperature measuring thermocouple 201 and the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218 has an accuracy temperature, and the operator is reminded to inspect and repair the second temperature measuring thermocouple 201 and the first temperature measuring thermocouple 218.

[0072] Since the second temperature measuring thermocouple 201 is used to detect the temperature in the discharge pipe box 204 and the feed pipe box 207, it is in contact with the reaction fluid (i.e., sulfuric acid) and the reaction product, and both the reaction fluid and the reaction product are corrosive, the second temperature measuring thermocouple 201 is made of metal. In order to avoid corrosion of the second temperature measuring thermocouple 201. In this embodiment, it also includes a corrosion-resistant sleeve 213 sleeved on the outside of the second temperature measuring thermocouple 201, and one end of the corrosion-resistant sleeve 213 is sealed and fixed to the fourth tube sheet 203 through a seal 202. The corrosion-resistant sleeve 213 is made of a material with good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, such as silicon carbide.

[0073] The corrosion-resistant sleeve 213 and the reaction outer tube 102 can be fixed on the second tube sheet 209 through the first metal pressing plate 208 , and the corrosion-resistant sleeve 213 can also be fixed on the third tube sheet 206 through the second metal pressing plate 205 .

[0074] The metal shell 210 and the first tube sheet 217 are made of SUS30408 ​​material; the metal inner shell 212 is made of high temperature resistant metal material; the heat insulation material layer 211 is made of mullite fiber block material; the tube sheets in contact with the material (such as the second tube sheet 209, the third tube sheet 206, and the fourth tube sheet 203) are made of corrosion-resistant metal; the heat exchange reaction component 100 is made of silicon carbide material; the sealing parts used in the equipment can be made of materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroether.

[0075] As shown in this application and claims, unless the context clearly indicates an exception, the words "a", "an", "a kind" and / or "the" do not refer to the singular, but also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "include" and "comprise" only indicate the inclusion of clearly identified steps and elements, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. The method or device may also include other steps or elements. The elements defined by the sentence "includes a..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device that includes the elements.

[0076] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0077] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0078] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sulfuric acid decomposition reactor, characterized in that: include: A metal inner shell (212), wherein the interior of the metal inner shell (212) is filled with a thermal conductive material layer (216); A heat exchange reaction component (100), wherein a heated portion of the heat exchange reaction component (100) is inserted into the metal inner shell (212) and is wrapped by the heat conductive material layer (216); An electric heating rod (214), wherein the heating end of the electric heating rod (214) is inserted into the metal inner shell (212) and is wrapped by the heat-conducting material layer (216).

2. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A metal outer shell (210) is sleeved on the outside of the metal inner shell (212), and a heat insulation material layer (211) is filled between the metal outer shell (210) and the metal inner shell (212); a first tube sheet (217) and a second tube sheet (209), wherein the first tube sheet (217) is connected to the upper end of the metal shell (210), and the second tube sheet (209) is connected to the lower end of the metal shell (210); The reaction fluid inlet and reaction product outlet of the heat exchange reaction component (100) are both arranged outside the second tube sheet (209).

3. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length of the metal inner shell (212) is shorter than the length of the metal outer shell (210); Both ends of the metal inner shell (212) are provided with metal rings (219), the ends of the metal inner shell (212) are connected to the inner ring of the metal ring (219), and the outer ring of the metal ring (219) is connected to the inner wall of the metal outer shell (210); The heat insulating material layer (211) is provided between the metal inner shell (212) and the metal outer shell (210), between the metal ring (219) at the upper end of the metal inner shell (212) and the first tube sheet (217), and between the metal ring (219) at the lower end of the metal inner shell (212) and the second tube sheet (209).

4. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchange reaction assembly (100) comprises: An outer reaction tube (102), wherein the outer reaction tube (102) is a tube body with one end being closed and the other end being open, and the opening of the outer reaction tube (102) is an inlet for the reaction fluid; an inner reaction tube (101), wherein a first end of the inner reaction tube (101) is inserted into the outer reaction tube (102) through an opening of the outer reaction tube (102), a second end of the inner reaction tube (101) is located outside the outer reaction tube (102), a fluid channel for a reaction fluid to flow is formed between the inner reaction tube (101) and the outer reaction tube (102), a reaction inlet for the reaction fluid to enter is provided at the first end of the outer reaction tube (102), and a reaction product outlet is provided at the second end of the inner reaction tube (101); The catalyst bed (106) is arranged in the inner reaction tube (101).

5. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: A feed pipe box (207) is sealed and connected to the second tube sheet (209); a reaction fluid inlet of the outer reaction tube (102) is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box (207); and the feed pipe box (207) has a feed port; The discharge pipe box (204) is sealed and connected to the feed pipe box (207); the reaction product outlet at the second end of the reaction inner tube (101) is sealed and connected to the discharge pipe box (204); and the discharge pipe box (204) has a discharge port.

6. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The discharge pipe box (204) is sealedly connected to the feed pipe box (207) via a third tube sheet (206); and / or, One end of the discharge pipe box (204) away from the feed pipe box (207) is blocked by a fourth tube sheet (203).

7. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: A porous disc (105) is arranged in the inner reaction tube (101), and the porous disc (105) has a plurality of reaction product passage holes (1051); The catalyst bed (106) is disposed between the porous disc (105) and the first end of the inner reaction tube (101).

8. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The end opening of the first end of the inner reaction tube (101) is used for disassembling and installing the catalyst bed (106); A plurality of reaction inlets are provided on the side wall of the first end of the reaction inner tube (101); The catalyst bed (106) is disposed between the porous disc (105) and the reaction inlet.

9. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of baffles (103) are arranged at intervals in the inner reaction tube (101), a flow gap is provided between the baffles (103) and the inner wall of the inner reaction tube (101), and the baffles (103) are arranged between the porous disc (105) and the second end of the inner reaction tube (101); and / or, A plurality of support plates (104) arranged at intervals are sleeved on the outer wall of the inner reaction tube (101); the support plates (104) are fitted with the outer reaction tube (102); and the support plates (104) are provided with reaction fluid passage holes (1042) penetrating the plate surface.

10. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: There are a plurality of baffles (103), and projections of any two adjacent baffles (103) on the cross section of the inner reaction tube (101) are symmetrical along the axis of the inner reaction tube (101); The support plate (104) has a central hole (1041) which is sleeved on the reaction inner tube (101), and the support plate (104) is welded to the outer wall of the reaction inner tube (101).

11. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The baffle plate (103) is a semicircular plate, and the arc edge (1031) of the baffle plate (103) is in contact with the inner wall of the reaction inner tube (101).

12. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a first temperature measuring thermocouple (218), which is inserted into the metal inner shell (212) through the first tube sheet (217) and is used to detect the temperature inside the metal inner shell (212); The controller controls the electric heating rod (214) to increase the heating power when the temperature value detected by the first temperature measuring thermocouple (218) is lower than a preset temperature value; and controls the electric heating rod (214) to reduce the heating power when the temperature value detected by the first temperature measuring thermocouple (218) is higher than the preset temperature value.

13. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first temperature measuring thermocouple (218) is a multi-point temperature measuring thermocouple used to detect the temperature at multiple height positions in the metal inner shell (212); When the temperature value at the target altitude is lower than the preset temperature value, the controller controls the electric heating rod (214) to increase the heating power; when the temperature value at the target altitude is higher than the preset temperature value, the controller controls the electric heating rod (214) to reduce the heating power.

14. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 13, characterized in that: It also includes a second temperature measuring thermocouple (201), which is a multi-point temperature measuring thermocouple used to detect the temperature at multiple height positions in the metal inner shell (212) and the temperature in the discharge pipe box (204) and the feed pipe box (207).

15. The sulfuric acid decomposition reactor according to claim 14, characterized in that: It also includes a corrosion-resistant sleeve (213) sleeved on the outside of the second temperature-measuring thermocouple (201).

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