Ecological fertilizer special for selenium-enriched tea leaves in hills and preparation method of ecological fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a special ecological fertilizer for selenium-enriched tea leaves in hills and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of ecological fertilizers. The invention relates to a special ecological fertilizer for selenium-enriched tea leaves in hills, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of pig manure, 9-12 parts of sheep manure, 9-12 parts of chicken manure, 20-30 parts of dry branches and fallen leaves of tea trees, 0.2-0.5 part of microbial zymophyte, 10-20 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 2-4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2 parts of sodium selenite, 5-10 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium sulfate and 5-10 parts of pelelith. The slow-release effect is achieved by modifying the biomass charcoal, increasing the interlayer spacing and improving fixation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, the adopted pelelith and biomass charcoal are beneficial to improving the soil structure and improving the activity of soil microorganisms, and the purpose of improving the yield and quality of tea is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ecological fertilizers, and in particular relates to a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] There are many types of fertilizers used in tea planting at present. Among them, tea-specific fertilizers mostly use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers available on the market. They are mainly composed of three inorganic elements: N, P and K, which can meet the growth needs of tea trees in a short time. However, long-term use will destroy the soil aggregate structure, easily cause soil compaction and hardening, thus affecting the growth of tea trees and reducing the quality of tea leaves. At the same time, although pure organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter, they release nutrients slowly, tea trees absorb slowly, and have low fertilizer efficiency. There is no effective balance between various effective nutrients. Due to the unscientific formula of tea fertilizers, the tea yield is not high, and the content of chemical components and trace elements in tea leaves is not high.

[0003] Ecological fertilizer, which integrates the quick-acting property of chemical fertilizer, the slow-release property of organic fertilizer, the specific effect of trace element fertilizer and the synergistic property of microbial fertilizer, represents the development direction of new fertilizer. Ecological fertilizer can not only improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, reduce agricultural costs, reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizer to the environment, but also improve the quality of agricultural products and improve the above-mentioned adverse consequences caused by single application of chemical fertilizer. The patent application with publication number CN 107141169A discloses a special ecological fertilizer for tea garden and its preparation method, adopts aerobic-underground high temperature composting fermentation mode to make the initial material, and then mixes with urea, phosphate rock powder and biomass charcoal to obtain tea garden ecological fertilizer, which has the advantages of easy raw material, environmental protection, energy saving and balanced nutrition, can reduce the amount of fertilizer and improve the quality and yield of tea leaves, but how to develop a safe and pollution-free ecological fertilizer with more significant fertilization effect, thereby improving soil nutrients and organic matter, improving soil structure, improving soil microbial activity, reducing soil toxicity, and finally improving the quality and yield of tea leaves, is a technical problem to be solved in recent years in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea and a preparation method thereof, so as to increase the yield of tea.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea, which comprises, by weight, 20-25 parts of pig manure, 9-12 parts of sheep manure, 9-12 parts of chicken manure, 20-30 parts of tea tree dead branches and leaves, 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria, 10-20 parts of modified biochar, 2-4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2 parts of sodium selenite, 5-10 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium sulfate and 5-10 parts of volcanic rocks.

[0007] A method for preparing a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, mixing pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, tea tree dead branches and leaves and microbial fermentation bacteria, fermenting them, and obtaining a fermentation product after drying;

[0009] S2. Evenly mix the fermented product with modified biochar, selenium-enriched yeast, sodium selenite, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and volcanic rock, dry and granulate to obtain a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size of the volcanic rock is 90-150 mesh, and the particle size of the granulation is 2-3 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the microbial fermentation bacteria include Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Candida albicans and Azotobacter chlororaphis; the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Candida albicans and Azotobacter chlororaphis is (1-2): (1-2): (0.5-1): (0.5-1).

[0012] Furthermore, the fermentation temperature is 60-70° C., and the fermentation time is 10-18 days.

[0013] Furthermore, the modified biochar is prepared by the following steps:

[0014] The residual branch debris obtained by crushing the residual branches produced when pruning tea trees is calcined, crushed and sieved to obtain biochar; the biochar, LaCl3 aqueous solution, Mg(NO3)2 aqueous solution and Al(NO3)3 aqueous solution are mixed, the pH value is adjusted, incubated, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar.

[0015] Furthermore, the usage ratio of the biochar, LaCl3, Mg(NO3)2, and Al(NO3)3 is (25-35) g: (0.02-0.03) mol: (0.06-0.12) mol: (0.03-0.06) mol.

[0016] Furthermore, the residual branch debris is calcined in an inert gas atmosphere at 550-600° C. for 2-3 hours; and the sieved particle size is 0.25-1 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the pH is adjusted to 9-10; and the incubation condition is 60-70° C. for 3-4 days.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] (1) The present invention provides a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-rich tea, which integrates the quick-acting property of chemical fertilizer, the slow-release property of organic fertilizer, the specific effect of trace element fertilizer and the synergistic property of microbial fertilizer; the process is simple and the raw materials are widely available. The dead branches and leaves of tea trees and the residual branches of tea trees produced when pruning tea trees are recycled, thereby accelerating the decomposition and reuse of organic matter.

[0020] (2) The biochar used in the present invention has the characteristics of porous structure and high specific surface area adsorption. After Mg / Al modification, the interlayer spacing of the biochar increases, and the adsorption capacity of phosphate is enhanced by electrostatic attraction and other means; at the same time, the acidic functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of La-modified biochar significantly improve the adsorption of NH4 + The increase of basic functional groups promotes its adsorption of NO3 - The adsorption achieves the function of slow-release nutrients, reduces nutrient loss and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency; on the other hand, it also improves the soil compaction phenomenon caused by excessive fertilization and improves the soil environment.

[0021] (3) The volcanic rock used in the present invention contains a variety of minerals and trace elements, which provide the necessary trace elements for plant growth. Its porosity not only effectively improves the soil structure but also helps the attachment and growth of microorganisms. Its good adsorption properties produce a synergistic effect with the modified biochar, further improving the soil environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] This embodiment provides a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0025] S1. The residual branch debris obtained by crushing the residual branches produced when pruning tea trees is calcined at 550°C in an inert gas atmosphere for 3h, crushed and sieved to 0.5mm to obtain biochar; 30g of biochar, 200mL0.1mol / L LaCl3 aqueous solution, 300mL0.3mol / L Mg(NO3)2 aqueous solution and 100mL0.3mol / LAl(NO3)3 aqueous solution are mixed, the pH is adjusted to 10, incubated at 70°C for 3d, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar;

[0026] 25 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of sheep manure, 10 parts of chicken manure, 30 parts of tea tree litter and 0.5 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Candida albicans and Azotobacter chlororaphis are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.5) were mixed, fermented at 70°C for 15 days, and dried to obtain a fermentation product;

[0027] S2. Evenly mix the fermented product obtained in S1 with 20 parts of modified biochar, 4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate and 10 parts of 90-mesh volcanic rocks, dry and granulate, and the granulated particle size is 2 mm to obtain a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment is different in that the "25 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of sheep manure, 10 parts of chicken manure, 30 parts of tea tree dead branches and leaves, and 0.5 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria" in S1 is changed to "20 parts of pig manure, 12 parts of sheep manure, 12 parts of chicken manure, 25 parts of tea tree dead branches and leaves, and 0.5 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria".

[0030] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment is different in that the "25 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of sheep manure, 10 parts of chicken manure, 30 parts of tea tree dead branches and leaves, and 0.5 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria" in S1 is changed to "20 parts of pig manure, 9 parts of sheep manure, 9 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of tea tree dead branches and leaves, and 0.2 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria".

[0033] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0034] Example 4

[0035] The present embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the “20 parts of modified biochar” in S2 is changed to “10 parts of modified biochar”.

[0036] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0037] Example 5

[0038] The present embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the “10 parts of volcanic rock” in S2 is changed into “5 parts of volcanic rock”.

[0039] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0040] Example 6

[0041] The present embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the “crushed and sieved 0.5 mm” in S1 is changed to “crushed and sieved 1 mm”.

[0042] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Example 7

[0044] Compared with Example 1, the present embodiment is different in that the "30 g biochar, 200 mL 0.1 mol / L LaCl3 aqueous solution, 300 mL 0.3 mol / L Mg(NO3)2 aqueous solution and 100 mL 0.3 mol / L Al(NO3)3 aqueous solution" in S1 is changed to "35 g biochar, 300 mL 0.1 mol / L LaCl3 aqueous solution, 200 mL 0.3 mol / L Mg(NO3)2 aqueous solution and 150 mL 0.3 mol / L Al(NO3)3 aqueous solution".

[0045] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no Mg(NO3)2 aqueous solution is added.

[0048] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 2

[0050] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no Al(NO3)3 aqueous solution is added.

[0051] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no LaCl3 aqueous solution is added.

[0054] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 4

[0056] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the Mg(NO3)2 aqueous solution and the Al(NO3)3 aqueous solution are not added at the same time.

[0057] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 5

[0059] Compared with Example 1, the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the biochar in S1 is not modified. The specific operation steps are as follows:

[0060] S1, 25 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of sheep manure, 10 parts of chicken manure, 30 parts of tea tree litter and 0.5 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Candida albicans and Azotobacter chlororaphis are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.5), fermented at 70 ° C for 15 days, and dried to obtain a fermentation product;

[0061] S2. Evenly mix the fermented product obtained in S1 with 20 parts of biochar, 4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate and 10 parts of 90-mesh volcanic rocks, dry and granulate the granules to a particle size of 2 mm, and obtain a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea.

[0062] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 6

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no volcanic rock is added.

[0065] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 7

[0067] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the volcanic rock is replaced with an equal mass of trace elements (sodium molybdate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride and ferrous sulfate mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1:1).

[0068] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0069] Comparative Example 8

[0070] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example differs in that volcanic rock and modified biochar are not added, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0071] S1, 25 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of sheep manure, 10 parts of chicken manure, 30 parts of tea tree litter and 0.5 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Candida albicans and Azotobacter chlororaphis are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:0.5:0.5), fermented at 70 ° C for 15 days, and dried to obtain a fermentation product;

[0072] S2. Evenly mix the fermented product obtained in S1 with 4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate and 5 parts of potassium sulfate, dry and granulate the granules to a particle size of 2 mm, and obtain a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea.

[0073] The remaining raw materials and preparation process remain the same as in Example 1.

[0074] The special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea prepared in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 was used to fertilize tea trees with a tree age of 5 years, and the physical and chemical properties of the tea tree soil and the per-acre tea yield were tested; the tea polyphenol content in the tea was tested according to GB / T 8313-2018;

[0075] The results are shown in Table 1:

[0076] Table 1

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] As can be seen from Table 1, in Example 1, the effective nitrogen content in the tea tree soil reached 1.40 g / kg, the effective phosphorus content was 18.63 mg / kg, the effective potassium content was 58.67 mg / kg, and the organic matter content was 19.32 g / kg; the dry weight of tea leaves per mu reached 19.52 kg, of which the tea polyphenol content was 19.83%. Compared with Example 1, the difference between Examples 2 to 7 is that the raw materials and the raw material ratios are changed within a reasonable range. The results show that the soil has good physical and chemical properties, and the per mu yield and tea polyphenol content are high.

[0080] Comparison between Comparative Examples 1 to 5 and Example 1 shows that after the porous biochar is modified by Mg / Al, the interlayer spacing of the biochar increases, which enhances the adsorption capacity of phosphate. After La modifies the biochar, the acidic groups on its surface increase the adsorption capacity of NH4 + The increase of basic functional groups promotes its adsorption of NO3 - The adsorption of Mg and Al can achieve the effect of slow release and alleviation of soil compaction; compared with Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 4, the synergy between Mg and Al in expanding the interlayer spacing and phosphorus adsorption is reflected; compared with Example 1, Comparative Examples 6 and 7, the volcanic rock can not only provide effective trace elements for tea trees, but its porous structure is not only conducive to improving the soil environment, but also conducive to the biofilm, promoting the growth of microorganisms, and improving nutrients to achieve the effect of increasing production. Compared with other components, the yield and effective nutrient content of Comparative Example 8 are reduced, reflecting the synergistic adsorption and nutrient fixation of volcanic rock and modified biochar.

[0081] In summary, the present invention provides a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea and a preparation method thereof, which can improve soil nutrients and organic matter, improve soil structure, and enhance soil microbial activity, ultimately improving the quality and yield of tea.

[0082] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0083] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, it includes 20-25 parts of pig manure, 9-12 parts of sheep manure, 9-12 parts of chicken manure, 20-30 parts of tea tree dead branches and leaves, 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial fermentation bacteria, 10-20 parts of modified biochar, 2-4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2 parts of sodium selenite, 5-10 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2-5 parts of potassium sulfate and 5-10 parts of volcanic rock.

2. A method for preparing the special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, mixing pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, tea tree dead branches and leaves and microbial fermentation bacteria, fermenting them, and obtaining a fermentation product after drying; S2. Evenly mix the fermented product with modified biochar, selenium-enriched yeast, sodium selenite, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and volcanic rock, dry and granulate to obtain a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea.

3. The method for preparing a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size of the volcanic rock is 90-150 meshes, and the particle size of the granulation is 2-3 mm.

4. The method for preparing a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microbial fermentation bacteria include Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Candida albicans and Azotobacter chlororaphis; the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, yeast, Candida albicans and Azotobacter chlororaphis is (1-2): (1-2): (0.5-1): (0.5-1).

5. The method for preparing a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature is 60-70° C., and the fermentation time is 10-18 days.

6. The method for preparing a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea according to claim 2, characterized in that: The modified biochar is prepared by the following steps: The residual branch debris obtained by crushing the residual branches produced when pruning tea trees is calcined, crushed and sieved to obtain biochar; the biochar, LaCl3 aqueous solution, Mg(NO3)2 aqueous solution and Al(NO3)3 aqueous solution are mixed, the pH value is adjusted, incubated, washed and dried to obtain modified biochar.

7. The method for preparing a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea according to claim 6, characterized in that: The usage ratio of the biochar, LaCl3, Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)3 is (25-35) g: (0.02-0.03) mol: (0.06-0.12) mol: (0.03-0.06) mol.

8. The method for preparing a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea according to claim 6, characterized in that: The residual branches and debris are calcined in an inert gas atmosphere at 550-600° C. for 2-3 hours; the sieved particle size is 0.25-1 mm.

9. The method for preparing a special ecological fertilizer for hilly selenium-enriched tea according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pH is adjusted to 9-10; the incubation condition is 60-70° C. for 3-4 days.

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