Xinjiang field full-biodegradable mulching film watermelon planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of watermelon cultivation, and particularly discloses a Xinjiang field full-biodegradable mulching film watermelon planting method which comprises the steps and key points of soil land preparation, seed preparation, full-biodegradable mulching film selection, field management, harvesting and the like. In the growth process, vines of watermelons are pressed repeatedly, the number of roots of the watermelons is increased, nutrient absorption is improved, roots and vines are broken, a ventilated and light-transmitting space environment is created, watermelon diseases and insect pests are reduced, the growth period of the watermelons is prolonged by 60 days compared with a conventional method, the stubble number and yield of the watermelons are increased, no chemical fertilizer is applied in the whole process, and the original taste and flavor of the watermelon variety are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for planting watermelons with fully biodegradable mulch films in a field in Xinjiang. Background Art

[0002] Watermelon is planted on a large scale in Xinjiang. Conventional planting methods harvest 2-3 crops of watermelon. The disadvantages are that the first crop is small, the second crop is slightly larger, and the third crop is small. The yield of watermelon is low. The yield is increased by fertilizers and vine cleaning. The quality of watermelon is poor, the taste is not good, the flesh is hard and sour, and the quality characteristics of the original variety are lost. The whole growth period of watermelon is short, and the seedlings basically die in mid-August, wasting the natural light and heat resources from the end of August to September. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a method for planting watermelons using fully biodegradable mulch films in Xinjiang fields.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is specifically achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for planting watermelons using fully biodegradable mulch film in a field in Xinjiang, comprising the following steps: 1) Soil preparation 1.1) Choose a plot with deep, loose, breathable and good drainage soil, which has not been planted with melons for 5 years and has been planted with cotton, beans or wheat before; 1.2) Carry out stubble irrigation before returning the previous crop straw to the field; 1.3) Combine autumn tillage with the application of decomposed manure, and no inorganic fertilizers are applied to watermelons in the second year; 2) Seed preparation Select watermelon varieties with good stress resistance, high yield and high sugar content, and coat the watermelon seeds; 3) Selection of fully biodegradable mulch film Choose fully biodegradable mulch with a functional period of more than 80 days and mechanically lay the mulch on flat ground; 4) Field management 4.1) Mechanical sowing, film laying, and drip irrigation tape laying. The planting time for open-air watermelons is mid-to-late April, when the soil temperature is above 15°C. One film is used with three drip irrigation pipes, and the film is completely covered with soil to reduce the risk of premature breakage of the biodegradable film. 4.2) Planting density The planting density of field watermelon is 900-1200 plants per acre; 4.3) Drip irrigation equipment installation Each water outlet pile is connected to the branch pipe, and the drip irrigation belt is directly connected to the branch pipe with a valve, which is convenient for harvesting in batches, pressing vines, rooting, and drip management; 4.4) Suppression When the vine grows to 80cm, drip water. Two days later, when the soil moisture reaches the sowing humidity, press once 30cm before and after the first melon on the three vines, and press the vine into the wet soil 6-8cm. Press the three vines three times in the same way. Each time the vine is pressed, two days after dripping water, the stem is in the wet soil, which is easy to root and form a new plant, and avoid strong winds blowing off the melon vines; 4.5) The whole vine When the main vine grows 8-9 leaves, in addition to the main vine, two side vines with good growth should be selected and pruned when pressing the vines, and the excess side vines should be removed with scissors; 4.6) Cut off the main stem After the three main vines pressed into the wet soil have taken root, the first melon is ripe, pick the melon, cut the main stem, cut the main root, clean the vines, and make it easier to do farming for the second melon. When the second melon is ripe, pick the melon, cut the main stem, cut the main root, and clean the vines in the same way. 4.7) Pollination management Artificial assisted pollination or insect pollination during the growing period of field watermelon; 4.8) Water Management Drip water for seedlings, only open the drip irrigation belt near the seed hole, the dripping amount per mu is 10-15m 3 , drip depth 50-60cm; in early May, drip irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture conditions, with a drip volume of 25-30m per mu 3 , open all drip irrigation valves before the first vine pressing; when the plants enter the watermelon expansion period, drip once every 7-10 days, with a drip volume of 25-30m per mu. 3 ; 4.9) Watermelon pest and disease control 5) Harvest time Watermelons are harvested within 3 days after the fruit matures.

[0005] Furthermore, in step 1.1), the soil selected is loam or sandy loam; in step 1.2), the irrigation amount of the stubble irrigation is 600m 3 / hm²; in step 1.3), the amount of decomposed manure applied is 180m 3 / hm².

[0006] Furthermore, in step 3), the fully biodegradable ground film has a thickness of 15 μm and a width of 2.05 m.

[0007] Furthermore, in step 4.1), the drip irrigation pipes under the drip film are equidistantly spaced 55 cm, the spacing between plants is 30 cm, and the drip irrigation pipes are set 55 cm away from the seed holes.

[0008] Furthermore, step 4.9) includes the following pest and disease control: 4.9.1) Bacterial angular spot The disease is more likely to occur when there is a lot of rain. Use Bordeaux mixture, copper hydroxide, thiophanate-methyl, and kasugamycin for prevention and control before or in the early stage of the disease, and use the drugs alternately; 4.9.2) Powdery mildew In the early stage of the disease, tebuconazole, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, and boscalid are used for prevention and control, and the drugs are used alternately; 4.9.3) Leaf blight In the early stage of the disease, mancozeb and propineb are used for prevention and treatment, and the drugs are used alternately; 4.9.4) Downy mildew In the early stage of the disease, use azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and cymoxanil hydrochloride for prevention and control, and use the drugs alternately; 4.9.5) Pest control Prevention is the key. Pay attention to aphids and spider mites starting from mid-May every year. Use imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and flubendiamide to control aphids, and use the agents alternately; use 10 ml of 10% avermectin + 5 ml of 34% spirocyclobux, avermectin + clofentezine, avermectin + etoxazole, and 20% avermectazole to control spider mites, and use the agents alternately.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention utilizes the regenerative property of plants and carries out multiple vine pressing. Multiple roots are formed on one vine, thereby increasing the number of roots for absorbing nutrients of the watermelon. The roots and vines are cut off so that the aged roots and vines do not occupy space, thus facilitating farming operations, creating a ventilated and light-permeable space environment, and reducing the risk of diseases and insect pests of the watermelon. The old vines are removed, and new roots grow vigorously, thereby ensuring that the growth period of the watermelon is extended by 60 days compared with the conventional planting method. The conventional watermelon can be harvested in 2-3 batches, while the present invention can be harvested in 3-4 batches. The plants can grow normally until the end of September, and the yield and quality of each batch of watermelons are higher than those of conventional planting. In addition, no chemical fertilizer is applied in the whole process, thereby ensuring the original quality characteristics of the watermelon variety. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0011] Example 1 A method for planting watermelons using fully biodegradable mulch film in a field in Xinjiang, comprising the following steps: 1. Soil preparation 1.1 Choose soil with deep soil layer, loose and breathable, good drainage performance, and no melons have been planted in the past 5 years. The previous crop is cotton, beans, and wheat. Loam or sandy loam is preferred.

[0012] 1.2 Before returning the previous crop straw to the field, irrigate the field with a water volume of 600m 3 / hm².

[0013] 1.3 Combined with autumn tillage, apply 180m3 / hm² of decomposed manure. No inorganic fertilizers are applied during the second year of watermelon cultivation.

[0014] 2. Seed preparation Choose conventional watermelon varieties with good stress resistance, high yield and high sugar content, such as big red seeds, and coat the watermelon seeds. Generally, use 50% carbendazim wettable powder (0.5% by weight of seeds) + appropriate amount of water + appropriate amount of insecticide, or 60% Baitai (0.2% by weight of seeds) and mix well, then you can sow.

[0015] 3. Fully biodegradable mulch options Choose fully biodegradable mulch film with a functional period of more than 80 days, a thickness of 15μm, a width of 2.05m, and mechanically lay the film on flat ground.

[0016] 4. Field management 4.1 Mechanical sowing, film laying, and drip irrigation tape. The planting time of open-air watermelon is generally in mid-to-late April when the soil temperature is above 15°C. The specific time depends on the local climate and soil conditions. There are three drip irrigation pipes for one film. The drip irrigation pipes under the drip film are equidistant at 55 cm and the plant spacing is 30 cm. The drip irrigation tape is set 55 cm away from the seed hole. The film is completely covered with soil to reduce the risk of premature breakage of the biodegradable film.

[0017] 4.2 Planting density: The planting density of field watermelons is generally 900-1200 plants per acre.

[0018] 4.3 Installation of drip irrigation equipment: Each water outlet pile is connected to the branch pipe, and the drip irrigation belt is directly connected to the branch pipe with a valve, which is convenient for harvesting in batches, pressing vines, rooting, and dripping management.

[0019] 4.4 Press the vines: drip water when the vines grow to 80cm. Two days later, when the soil moisture reaches the sowing humidity, press the vines once 30cm before and after the first melon on the three vines, and press the vines 6-8cm into the wet soil. Press all three vines three times in the same way. Each time you press the vines, do it two days after dripping water. The stems are in the wet soil and are easy to take root, forming new plants, and avoiding strong winds that break the melon vines.

[0020] 4.5 Vine pruning: Three-vine pruning is the most commonly used pruning method for watermelon. When the main vine grows 8 to 9 leaves, two side vines with better growth should be selected in addition to the main vine. Pruning should be carried out in combination with vine pressing, and excess side vines should be removed with scissors.

[0021] 4.6 Cut the main stem: After the three main vines pressed into the wet soil have taken root, when the first melon is ripe, pick the melon, cut the main stem, cut the main root, and clean the vines to facilitate the farming operations of the second batch of melons. After the second batch of melons is ripe, pick the melons, cut the main stem, cut the main root, and clean the vines in the same way.

[0022] 4.7 Pollination management: Artificial assisted pollination or insect pollination is used during the growing period of field watermelons to help concentrate fruit setting and facilitate management.

[0023] 4.8 Water management: drip water for seedling emergence, only open the drip irrigation belt near the seed hole, and the dripping amount per mu is 10-15m 3 , drip depth 50-60cm, in early May, drip irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture conditions, and the drip volume per mu is 25-30m 3 , open all drip irrigation valves before the first vine pressing. When the plants enter the watermelon expansion period, drip water every 7-10 days. If the watermelon is too dry, it is easy to crack or form deformed melons. If it is too wet for a long time, it is easy to get sick. The drip water per mu is 25-30m 3 .

[0024] 4.9 Common watermelon pests and diseases 4.9.1 Bacterial angular spot The disease is more likely to occur when there is a lot of rain. Use Bordeaux mixture, copper hydroxide, thiophanate-methyl, and kasugamycin for prevention and control before or in the early stage of the disease, and use the drugs alternately; 4.9.2) Powdery mildew In the early stage of the disease, tebuconazole, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, and boscalid are used for prevention and control, and the drugs are used alternately; 4.9.3) Leaf blight In the early stage of the disease, mancozeb and propineb are used for prevention and treatment, and the drugs are used alternately; 4.9.4) Downy mildew In the early stage of the disease, use azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and cymoxanil hydrochloride for prevention and control, and use the drugs alternately; 4.9.5) Pest control Prevention is the key. Pay attention to aphids and spider mites starting from mid-May every year. Use imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and flubendiamide to control aphids, and use the agents alternately; use 10 ml of 10% avermectin + 5 ml of 34% spirocyclobux, avermectin + clofentezine, avermectin + etoxazole, and 20% avermectazole to control spider mites, and use the agents alternately.

[0025] The invention utilizes the regenerative property of plants to press vines of watermelons for many times, so that a vine has multiple roots, the number of roots for absorbing nutrients of the watermelons is increased, roots and vines are cut off, and aged roots and vines do not occupy space, so that farming operations are convenient, a ventilated and light-transmitting space environment is created for the growth of watermelons, and diseases and insect pests of watermelons are reduced; after the old vines are removed, new roots grow vigorously, so that the growth period of watermelons is guaranteed to be extended by 60 days compared with a conventional planting method; conventional watermelon planting can harvest 2-3 crops of watermelons, while the watermelon planting method of the invention can harvest 3-4 crops of watermelons, thereby increasing the yield of watermelons, allowing plants to grow normally until the end of September, and the yield and quality of each crop of watermelons are higher than those of conventionally planted watermelons; no chemical fertilizer is applied in the whole process, so that the original quality characteristics of the watermelon variety are guaranteed.

[0026] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing watermelons using fully biodegradable mulch film in a field in Xinjiang, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) Soil preparation 1.1) Choose a plot with deep, loose, breathable and good drainage soil, which has not been planted with melons for 5 years and has been planted with cotton, beans or wheat before; 1.2) Carry out stubble irrigation before returning the previous crop straw to the field; 1.3) Combine autumn tillage with the application of decomposed manure, and no inorganic fertilizers are applied to watermelons in the second year; 2) Seed preparation Select watermelon varieties with good stress resistance, high yield and high sugar content, and coat the watermelon seeds; 3) Selection of fully biodegradable mulch film Choose fully biodegradable mulch with a functional period of more than 80 days and mechanically lay the mulch on flat ground; 4) Field management 4.1) Mechanical sowing, film laying, and drip irrigation tape laying. The planting time for open-air watermelons is mid-to-late April, when the soil temperature is above 15°C. One film is used with three drip irrigation pipes, and the film is completely covered with soil to reduce the risk of premature breakage of the biodegradable film. 4.2) Planting density The planting density of field watermelon is 900-1200 plants per acre; 4.3) Drip irrigation equipment installation Each water outlet pile is connected to the branch pipe, and the drip irrigation belt is directly connected to the branch pipe with a valve, which is convenient for harvesting in batches, pressing vines, rooting, and drip management; 4.4) Suppression When the vine grows to 80cm, drip water. Two days later, when the soil moisture reaches the sowing humidity, press once 30cm before and after the first melon on the three vines, and press the vine into the wet soil 6-8cm. Press the three vines three times in the same way. Each time the vine is pressed, two days after dripping water, the stem is in the wet soil, which is easy to root and form a new plant, and avoid strong winds blowing off the melon vines; 4.5) The whole vine When the main vine grows 8-9 leaves, in addition to the main vine, two side vines with good growth should be selected and pruned when pressing the vines, and the excess side vines should be removed with scissors; 4.6) Cut off the main stem After the three main vines pressed into the wet soil have taken root, the first melon is ripe, pick the melon, cut the main stem, cut the main root, clean the vines, and make it easier to do farming for the second melon. When the second melon is ripe, pick the melon, cut the main stem, cut the main root, and clean the vines in the same way. 4.7) Pollination management Artificial assisted pollination or insect pollination during the growing period of field watermelon; 4.8) Water Management Drip water for seedlings, only open the drip irrigation belt near the seed hole, the dripping amount per mu is 10-15m 3 , drip depth 50-60cm; in early May, drip irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture conditions, with a drip volume of 25-30m per mu 3 , open all drip irrigation valves before the first vine pressing; when the plants enter the watermelon expansion period, drip once every 7-10 days, with a drip volume of 25-30m per mu. 3 ; 4.9) Watermelon pest and disease control 5) Harvest time Watermelons are harvested within 3 days after the fruit matures.

2. The Xinjiang field fully biodegradable film watermelon planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1.1), the soil selected is loam or sandy loam; in step 1.2), the irrigation amount of the stubble irrigation is 600m 3 / hm²; in step 1.3), the amount of decomposed manure applied is 180m 3 / hm².

3. The Xinjiang field fully biodegradable film watermelon planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3), the fully biodegradable ground film has a thickness of 15 μm and a width of 2.05 m.

4. The Xinjiang field fully biodegradable film watermelon planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4.1), the drip irrigation pipes under the drip film are equidistantly spaced 55 cm, the spacing between plants is 30 cm, and the drip irrigation pipes are set 55 cm away from the seed holes.

5. The Xinjiang field fully biodegradable film watermelon planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4.9) includes the following pest and disease control: 4.9.1) Bacterial angular spot The disease is more likely to occur when there is a lot of rain. Use Bordeaux mixture, copper hydroxide, thiophanate-methyl, and kasugamycin for prevention and control before or in the early stage of the disease, and use the drugs alternately; 4.9.2) Powdery mildew In the early stage of the disease, tebuconazole, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, and boscalid are used for prevention and control, and the drugs are used alternately; 4.9.3) Leaf blight In the early stage of the disease, mancozeb and propineb are used for prevention and treatment, and the drugs are used alternately; 4.9.4) Downy mildew In the early stage of the disease, use azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and cymoxanil hydrochloride for prevention and control, and use the drugs alternately; 4.9.5) Pest control Prevention is the priority. Begin to pay attention to aphids and spider mites in mid-May each year. Aphids are controlled with imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and flubendiamide, and the agents are used alternately; spider mites are controlled with 10 ml of 10% avermectin + 5 ml of 34% spirocyclobux, avermectin + clofentezine, avermectin + etoxazole, and 20% avermectazole, and the agents are used alternately.