Catalytic reforming reactor as well as use method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a catalytic reforming reactor as well as a use method and application thereof. The reactor comprises at least one fan-shaped reactor, the fan-shaped reactor comprises an arc-shaped wall, a straight wall and a gas collection chamber which are fixedly connected end to end in sequence, and an outlet of the gas collection chamber is communicated with the outside; the arc-shaped wall is provided with a vaporization cavity, and a feed port of the vaporization cavity is connected with a cooling medium storage tank through a cooling medium pipeline; and a fan-shaped catalyst bed is arranged in a space defined by the arc-shaped wall, the straight wall and the gas collection chamber, and is filled with a catalyst. Under the action of aerodynamic heat of a high-speed aircraft, the catalytic reforming reactor can utilize high-temperature aerodynamic heat to catalyze and decompose a cooling medium to generate high-pressure fuel gas small molecules, so that the aerodynamic heat management capability of the system is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the generated high-temperature and high-pressure small molecule gas can also be used for doing work to realize heat-work conversion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-speed aircraft, and more specifically, to a catalytic reforming reactor and a use method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Thermal protection technology can be mainly divided into passive and active thermal protection technology. Passive thermal protection that uses thermal protection materials for insulation or ablative materials for phase change to absorb heat is the most widely used aerodynamic heat treatment measure and is used in many high-speed aircraft. This type of thermal protection technology has a relatively simple structure, but the preparation process is complex and the cost is high. When the ablative heat protection system is flying at high speed, the material will gradually be ablated as the temperature rises, which can easily change the overall aerodynamic shape and cause accidents. At the same time, due to the weak heat absorption capacity of the passive thermal protection system, the thickness and weight of the materials required in long-flight applications are large, which seriously compresses the payload of the aircraft. Active thermal protection technology is mainly divided into two categories, namely sweat cooling and convection cooling. The commonly used cooling medium for sweat cooling is water. It draws on the way organisms dissipate heat through sweating, uses the latent heat of vaporization of water to absorb heat and form a thermal insulation barrier, but the system reliability is poor. Convection cooling is often used in aerospace vehicles or aviation vehicles. Generally, circulating liquid hydrocarbon fuel is used as a coolant, and the physical heat capacity of the fuel is used to remove heat from the surface of the structure. Due to the limitation of fuel coking, this heat absorption mode is only suitable for supersonic flight at speeds below Mach 5.

[0003] In recent years, with the further improvement of high-speed aircraft performance, its aerodynamic thermal environment has become more complex and severe. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a reactor that can efficiently absorb the aerodynamic heat of high-speed aircraft. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and to provide a catalytic reforming reactor and its use method and application. The reactor not only has a strong heat absorption capacity, but also can generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas to do work, thereby realizing waste heat utilization, thereby reducing the aircraft insulation layer and increasing the system payload.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A catalytic reforming reactor, the reactor comprising at least one fan-shaped reactor; the fan-shaped reactor comprises an arc-shaped wall 1, a straight wall 2, and a gas collecting chamber 3 fixedly connected end to end in sequence, the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3 is connected to the outside; the arc-shaped wall 1 is provided with a vaporization chamber 11, and the feed port of the vaporization chamber 11 is connected to a cooling medium storage tank through a cooling medium pipeline 6; a fan-shaped catalyst bed 4 is provided in the space enclosed by the arc-shaped wall 1, the straight wall 2, and the gas collecting chamber 3, and the fan-shaped catalyst bed 4 is filled with a catalyst 5.

[0007] Optionally, the reactor is composed of at least two adjacent sector-shaped reactors arranged in a circumference, and the gas collecting chamber 3 of each sector-shaped reactor is connected through a pipeline to form a flow channel for the reaction gas.

[0008] Optionally, the vaporization chamber 11 is located outside the arc-shaped long side of the sector-shaped reactor and is uniformly distributed small holes, which can make the gas and liquid evenly distributed and thus fully contact with the catalyst 5 in the sector-shaped catalyst bed 4.

[0009] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the feed port of the vaporization chamber 11 is 5 cm 2 ~100cm 2 The cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3 is 0.2cm 2 ~10cm 2 .

[0010] The present invention also discloses a method for using the catalytic reforming reactor as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0011] When the temperature of the sector-shaped catalyst bed 4 is 300°C to 800°C, the cooling medium stored in the cooling medium storage tank is transported to the vaporization chamber 11 through the cooling medium pipeline 6. The cooling medium vaporizes under the action of high temperature and absorbs part of the aerodynamic heat through physical phase change latent heat and sensible heat.

[0012] The vaporized cooling medium enters the fan-shaped catalyst bed 4 through the pipeline, undergoes a chemical endothermic reaction under the action of the catalyst 5 and produces high-pressure gas small molecules, which are discharged through the gas collecting chamber 3 and then perform work to generate thrust.

[0013] Specifically, the arc-shaped long side of the fan-shaped reactor of the present invention is the inlet of the cooling medium, which can use aerodynamic heat to quickly heat the low-temperature, low-flow cooling medium, thereby decomposing the working fluid through the action of the catalyst. The narrow side of the fan-shaped reactor is the reactor outlet, which can discharge small molecules of high-pressure fuel gas and perform work to generate thrust.

[0014] Optionally, the catalyst 5 includes a carrier and active components and additives loaded on the carrier; the carrier is modified alumina; the active components include at least one of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ru and Pt metals; the additives include one or two of Zn and Ce.

[0015] Optionally, in the catalyst 5 , the mass of the active component accounts for 5% to 35% of the total mass of the catalyst 5 , and the mass of the auxiliary agent accounts for 1% to 10% of the total mass of the catalyst 5 .

[0016] Optionally, the cooling medium is an alcohol-water mixed solution; the alcohol in the alcohol-water mixed solution includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol and isopropanol; the mass concentration of alcohol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 1% to 100%.

[0017] Optionally, the alcohol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is methanol and ethanol, wherein the mass content of methanol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 10% to 90%, the mass content of ethanol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 10% to 50%, and the mass content of water in the mixed solution is 30% to 80%.

[0018] The present invention also discloses an application of the catalytic reforming reactor as described above in an active thermal protection system of a high-speed aircraft.

[0019] Specifically, the specific application process is: under the action of aerodynamic heat of high-speed aircraft, the catalytic reforming reactor can use high-temperature aerodynamic heat (300-800°C) to catalytically decompose the cooling medium to produce high-pressure fuel gas small molecules, effectively improving the system's aerodynamic thermal management capabilities. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure small molecule gas produced can also be used to do work and realize heat-to-work conversion.

[0020] Specifically, the fan-shaped reactor of the present invention is suitable for the active thermal protection system of high-speed aircraft. It uses an alcohol-water mixed solution as the cooling medium of the active thermal protection system. It can not only absorb a large amount of aerodynamic heat through physical vaporization reaction, but also produce a strongly endothermic reforming reaction under the action of a catalyst, so that the reactor can achieve effective heat absorption and improve the aerodynamic thermal management capability of the system. The high-pressure small molecule gas generated by the reaction can be discharged directly or collected in a storage tank and discharged on demand to do work, thereby realizing heat-to-work conversion.

[0021] Implementing the embodiments of the present invention will have the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) Compared with the traditional passive thermal insulation method, the catalytic reforming reactor provided by the present invention belongs to the active thermal protection technology, which has the advantages of strong cooling capacity, being able to withstand long-term heating of high-density heat flow, and realizing closed-loop temperature control.

[0023] (2) Compared with the active heat insulation method of water sweating, the catalytic reforming reactor provided by the present invention can not only take advantage of the physical heat absorption of the liquid heat absorbing medium, but also enhance the heat absorption through chemical reactions. The theoretical maximum heat absorption capacity of the system is more than doubled (>6MJ / kg) compared with the heat absorption of water sweating (~3MJ / kg). When further coupled with ammonia decomposition, alcohol decomposition or alcohol-water reforming reactions, the heat absorption performance of the system can be further enhanced, and thrust can be generated to do work.

[0024] (3) The catalytic reforming reactor provided by the present invention has the advantages of large inlet volume and small outlet volume, which can realize rapid heating of alcohol-water working fluid; when the catalyst dosage is the same, compared with the traditional ordinary plate structure, the alcohol-water working fluid conversion rate is increased by about 20%, and the aerodynamic heat absorption capacity is increased by about 15%, thereby having better aerodynamic heat management and work performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the catalytic reforming reactor of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the catalytic reforming reactor of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the change in outlet gas composition with temperature in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the total heat sink test results of the alcohol-water working fluid of Example 4 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a common multi-channel plate reactor of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Among them, 1. arc-shaped wall, 11. vaporization chamber; 2. straight wall; 3. gas collecting chamber; 4. fan-shaped catalyst bed; 5. catalyst; 6. cooling medium pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way.

[0032] The present invention discloses a catalytic reforming reactor, which includes at least one fan-shaped reactor; the fan-shaped reactor includes an arc-shaped wall 1, a straight wall 2, and a gas collecting chamber 3 which are fixedly connected end to end in sequence, and the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3 is connected to the outside; the arc-shaped wall 1 is provided with a vaporization chamber 11, and the feed port of the vaporization chamber 11 is connected to a cooling medium storage tank through a cooling medium pipeline 6; a fan-shaped catalyst bed 4 is provided in the space surrounded by the arc-shaped wall 1, the straight wall 2, and the gas collecting chamber 3, and the fan-shaped catalyst bed 4 is filled with a catalyst 5.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the reactor is composed of at least two adjacent sector-shaped reactors arranged circumferentially, and the gas collecting chamber 3 of each sector-shaped reactor is connected through a pipeline to form a flow channel for the reaction gas.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the vaporization chamber 11 is located outside the arc-shaped long side of the sector-shaped reactor and is a uniformly distributed small hole, which can make the gas and liquid evenly distributed and thus fully contact with the catalyst 5 in the sector-shaped catalyst bed 4.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the feed port of the vaporization chamber 11 is 5 cm 2 ~100cm 2 The cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3 is 0.2 cm 2 ~10cm 2 .

[0036] The present invention also discloses a method for using the catalytic reforming reactor as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0037] When the temperature of the sector-shaped catalyst bed 4 is 300°C to 800°C, the cooling medium stored in the cooling medium storage tank is transported to the vaporization chamber 11 through the cooling medium pipeline 6. The cooling medium vaporizes under the action of high temperature and absorbs part of the aerodynamic heat through physical phase change latent heat and sensible heat.

[0038] The vaporized cooling medium enters the fan-shaped catalyst bed 4 through the pipeline, undergoes a chemical endothermic reaction under the action of the catalyst 5 and produces high-pressure gas small molecules, which are discharged through the gas collecting chamber 3 and then perform work to generate thrust.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, the catalyst 5 includes a carrier and an active component and an additive loaded on the carrier; the carrier is modified alumina; the active component includes at least one of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ru and Pt metals; the additive includes one or two of Zn and Ce.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, in the catalyst 5 , the mass of the active component accounts for 5% to 35% of the total mass of the catalyst 5 , and the mass of the auxiliary agent accounts for 1% to 10% of the total mass of the catalyst 5 .

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the cooling medium is an alcohol-water mixed solution; the alcohol in the alcohol-water mixed solution includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol and isopropanol; the mass concentration of the alcohol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 1% to 100%.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the alcohols in the alcohol-water mixed solution are methanol and ethanol, wherein the mass content of methanol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 10% to 90%, the mass content of ethanol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 10% to 50%, and the mass content of water in the mixed solution is 30% to 80%.

[0043] The present invention also discloses an application of the catalytic reforming reactor as described above in an active thermal protection system of a high-speed aircraft.

[0044] The following are specific embodiments

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The catalytic reforming reactor of this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the catalytic reforming reactor of the embodiment of the present invention includes a fan-shaped reactor; the fan-shaped reactor includes an arc-shaped wall 1, a straight wall 2, and a gas collecting chamber 3 fixedly connected end to end in sequence, and the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3 is connected to the outside; the arc-shaped wall 1 is provided with a vaporization chamber 11, and the feed port of the vaporization chamber 11 is connected to the cooling medium storage tank through a cooling medium pipeline 6; the space surrounded by the arc-shaped wall 1, the straight wall 2, and the gas collecting chamber 3 is provided with a fan-shaped catalyst bed 4, and the fan-shaped catalyst bed 4 is filled with a catalyst 5. Among them, the cross-sectional area of ​​the feed port of the vaporization chamber 11 is 7.9 cm 2 The cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3 is 0.79cm 2 .

[0047] The method for using the catalytic reforming reactor of the present embodiment in the active thermal protection system of a high-speed aircraft comprises the following steps: when the temperature of the sector-shaped catalyst bed 4 is 300°C to 800°C, the cooling medium stored in the cooling medium storage tank is transported to the vaporization chamber 11 through the cooling medium pipeline 6, the cooling medium is vaporized under the action of high temperature, and absorbs part of the aerodynamic heat through the physical phase change latent heat and sensible heat; the vaporized cooling medium enters the sector-shaped catalyst bed 4 through the pipeline, and a chemical endothermic reaction occurs under the action of the catalyst 5 to produce high-pressure fuel gas small molecules, which are discharged through the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3, and then work is performed to generate thrust.

[0048] The catalyst 5 comprises a modified alumina carrier and active components Cu / Ru and an additive Zn loaded on the modified alumina carrier, wherein the mass of Cu accounts for 10% of the total mass of the catalyst 5, the mass of Ru accounts for 5% of the total mass of the catalyst 5, and the mass of Zn accounts for 3% of the total mass of the catalyst 5.

[0049] The cooling medium is a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and the mass concentration of ethanol in the mixed solution is 50%.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] The catalytic reforming reactor of this embodiment is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the reactor is composed of a plurality of adjacent circularly arranged sector-shaped reactors; the sector-shaped reactor comprises an arc-shaped wall 1, a straight wall 2, and a gas collecting chamber 3 which are fixedly connected end to end in sequence, and the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3 is connected to the outside; the arc-shaped wall 1 is provided with a vaporization chamber 11, and the feed port of the vaporization chamber 11 is connected to the cooling medium storage tank through a cooling medium pipeline 6; a sector-shaped catalyst bed 4 is provided in the space enclosed by the arc-shaped wall 1, the straight wall 2, and the gas collecting chamber 3, and the sector-shaped catalyst bed 4 is filled with a catalyst 5.

[0052] The gas collecting chamber 3 of each sector reactor is connected by a pipeline to form a flow channel for the reaction gas; the cross-sectional area of ​​the feed port of the vaporization chamber 11 is 62.8 cm 2The cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet of the gas collecting chamber 3 is 3.1cm 2 .

[0053] The method of using the catalytic reforming reactor of this embodiment in the active thermal protection system of a high-speed aircraft is the same as that of Example 1.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the cooling medium is a mixed solution of methanol and water, and the mass concentration of methanol in the mixed solution is 60%.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the cooling medium is a mixed solution of methanol and water, and the mass concentration of methanol in the mixed solution is 80%.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the cooling medium is a mixed solution of methanol, ethanol and water, the mass concentration of methanol in the mixed solution is 50%, and the mass concentration of ethanol is 30%.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the reactor of this comparative example is a common plate structure, and the overall thickness and wall thickness of the reactor are the same as those of the sector reactor. Figure 5 As shown, the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Test Case

[0063] The reactors of Examples 3-4 and Comparative Example 1 were heated by quartz lamps to evaluate the catalytic reaction activity of the catalyst in the catalytic reforming reactor for different alcohol-water components, thereby simulating the aerodynamic thermal scene of a high-speed aircraft. The surface temperature of the reactor was adjusted by controlling the power of the quartz lamp array, and the outlet gas of the reforming reactor was quantified by gas chromatography.

[0064] Table 1 Heat sink test results

[0065]

[0066] From the above results, it can be seen that both the working fluid composition and the reactor structure can significantly affect the working fluid heat sink.

[0067] Figure 3 The corresponding conversion rate and product distribution results of Example 3 are shown in FIG. Figure 3It can be seen that in the test temperature range, the methanol conversion rate increases significantly with the increase of temperature, and the conversion rate reaches 100% at 600°C. From the product composition, it can be seen that when the reaction temperature is lower than 550°C, the products are mainly H2 and CO, indicating that the main methanol decomposition reaction occurs (CH3OH→CO+2H2). When the reaction temperature reaches 600°C, CO2 appears in the product, indicating that the water vapor shift reaction occurs (CO+H2O→CO2+H2).

[0068] Figure 4 The heat sink test results of Example 4 in the range of 350-800°C are shown. Figure 4 It can be seen that the working fluid heat sink corresponding to Example 4 at different temperatures reaches 4.5 MJ / kg at 400°C, which is 43% higher than the water working fluid heat sink. At 600°C, the heat sink reaches 5.6 MJ / kg, which is 55% higher than the water working fluid heat sink. The reaction gas phase impulse in the entire temperature range exceeds 150s.

[0069] Comparative Example 1 uses a common plate structure to make a reforming reactor. When its surface temperature is 500°C and 600°C, the corresponding methanol conversion rates are 54% and 81%, respectively, while the corresponding temperature conversion rates of the catalytic reforming reactor of Example 3 are 78% and 100%, respectively. It can be seen that the catalytic reforming reactor of the embodiment of the present invention has higher heat and mass transfer efficiency.

[0070] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A catalytic reforming reactor, characterized in that: The reactor comprises at least one sector-shaped reactor; The sector-shaped reactor comprises an arc-shaped wall (1), a straight wall (2), and a gas collecting chamber (3) which are fixedly connected end to end in sequence, and the outlet of the gas collecting chamber (3) is connected to the outside; The arc-shaped wall (1) is provided with a vaporization chamber (11), and a feed port of the vaporization chamber (11) is connected to a cooling medium storage tank via a cooling medium pipeline (6); A fan-shaped catalyst bed (4) is arranged in the space surrounded by the arc-shaped wall (1), the straight wall (2) and the gas collecting chamber (3), and a catalyst (5) is filled in the fan-shaped catalyst bed (4).

2. The catalytic reforming reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor is composed of at least two sector-shaped reactors arranged adjacent to each other in a circumferential manner, and the gas collecting chamber (3) of each sector-shaped reactor is connected through a pipeline to form a flow channel for the reaction gas.

3. The catalytic reforming reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the feed port of the vaporization chamber (11) is 5 cm 2 ~100cm 2 ; The cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet of the gas collecting chamber (3) is 0.2 cm 2 ~10cm 2 .

4. A method for using the catalytic reforming reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the temperature of the sector-shaped catalyst bed (4) is 300° C. to 800° C., the cooling medium stored in the cooling medium storage tank is transported to the vaporization chamber (11) through the cooling medium pipeline (6), and the cooling medium vaporizes under the action of high temperature and absorbs part of the aerodynamic heat through physical phase change latent heat and sensible heat; The vaporized cooling medium enters the fan-shaped catalyst bed (4) through a pipeline, undergoes a chemical endothermic reaction under the action of the catalyst (5) and generates high-pressure fuel gas small molecules, which are discharged through the outlet of the gas collecting chamber (3) and then perform work to generate thrust.

5. The method of use according to claim 4, characterized in that: The catalyst (5) comprises a carrier and an active component and an auxiliary agent supported on the carrier; The carrier is modified alumina; The active component includes at least one of Cu, Ni, Fe, Ru and Pt metals; The auxiliary agent includes one or both of Zn and Ce.

6. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the catalyst (5), the mass of the active component accounts for 5% to 35% of the total mass of the catalyst (5), and the mass of the auxiliary agent accounts for 1% to 10% of the total mass of the catalyst (5).

7. The method of use according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling medium is an alcohol-water mixed solution; The alcohol in the alcohol-water mixed solution includes at least one of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol and isopropanol; The mass concentration of alcohol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 1% to 100%.

8. The method of use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The alcohols in the alcohol-water mixed solution are methanol and ethanol, wherein the mass content of methanol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 10% to 90%, the mass content of ethanol in the alcohol-water mixed solution is 10% to 50%, and the mass content of water in the mixed solution is 30% to 80%.

9. Use of the catalytic reforming reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an active thermal protection system of a high-speed aircraft.

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