High-temperature alloy cutting fluid and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cutting fluids, and discloses a high-temperature alloy cutting fluid and a preparation method thereof, the high-temperature alloy cutting fluid comprises the following components: 30%-50% of base oil, 5%-10% of organic alkali, 5%-10% of an antirust agent, 4%-10% of synthetic ester, 15%-20% of an anti-wear reagent at extreme pressure, 0.5%-1.5% of a corrosion inhibitor, 7%-15% of an emulsifier, 2%-4% of a bactericide, 0.05%-0.1% of a defoaming agent, and the balance of water; the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of a chlorination extreme pressure anti-wear agent and a vulcanization extreme pressure anti-wear agent. According to the invention, the ester-based base oil, the organic alkali, the synthetic ester and the extreme pressure anti-wear agent composed of the chlorination extreme pressure anti-wear agent and the vulcanization extreme pressure anti-wear agent are combined to form a continuous high-strength lubricating film, and the continuous high-strength lubricating film is compounded with additives such as the organic acid antirust agent, the corrosion inhibitor and the bactericide; therefore, the antirust corrosion inhibition performance of the cutting fluid on workpieces and machine tools and the long-term use safety and environmental protection performance are improved during processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cutting fluids, and in particular to a high-temperature alloy cutting fluid and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-temperature alloy is a material with high strength, excellent oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and can work for a long time in high-temperature environment. It is mainly composed of nickel, cobalt, iron and other elements. The following problems are often encountered in its processing: 1. The strength of high-temperature alloy remains high at high temperature. The cutting force generated during the cutting process is large, resulting in more serious wear of the tool. Therefore, it is necessary to use high-hardness and high-wear-resistant tool materials. 2. The thermal conductivity of high-temperature alloy is poor, and the heat in the cutting area is not easy to dissipate, resulting in a sharp rise in temperature during the processing, which can easily cause overheating and wear of the tool and deterioration of the processed surface quality. 3. High-temperature alloys are easy to react with active elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen in the air at high temperatures to form a surface hardened layer, which increases the difficulty of processing and may cause tool chipping or failure.

[0003] Currently, most of the commonly used high-temperature alloy cutting fluids are oil-based products. The flowability of oil-based cutting oils is poor, which is not conducive to removing heat from the cutting area during the processing, and can easily lead to tool wear and deterioration of the surface quality of the processed surface. In addition, the viscosity of the cutting oil is relatively high, and a lot of residue is left on the surface of the workpiece after processing, and the amount removed is large, which is not conducive to economic efficiency requirements.

[0004] Water-based cutting fluid has better fluidity and requires simpler cleaning conditions after processing, which is beneficial to energy conservation and environmental protection. However, there is little public information on high-temperature alloy cutting fluid at this stage. The cutting fluid disclosed in the prior art mainly uses lubricants and organic bases added to base oil as main additives, supplemented by rust inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, etc. as secondary additives. The disadvantage is that the temperature and pressure in the cutting area are very high, and heat is not easy to dissipate, which will cause the temperature to rise during the processing, increase the friction coefficient between the tool and the workpiece, easily cause tool breakage and increase the surface roughness of the processed surface.

[0005] It can be seen that the existing technology still needs to be improved and enhanced. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature alloy cutting fluid and a preparation method thereof having excellent extreme pressure and anti-wear properties, high lubricity, good cleaning performance, high emulsification degree, and strong diluent compatibility.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A high-temperature alloy cutting fluid is composed of the following components, calculated by mass percentage: base oil: 30%-50%, organic base: 5%-10%, rust inhibitor: 5%-10%, synthetic ester: 4%-10%, extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 15%-20%, corrosion inhibitor: 0.5%-1.5%, emulsifier: 7%-15%, bactericide: 2%-4%, defoamer: 0.05%-0.1%, water: balance; the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent and sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agent.

[0009] The high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, wherein the chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent is one or more of chlorinated fatty acid esters, chlorinated polyolefins, and chlorinated paraffins; the sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agent is one or more of sulfurized isooctyl esters, sulfurized cottonseed oil, sulfurized lard, sulfurized fatty acid esters, sulfurized olefins, and sulfurized olefin fatty acid esters.

[0010] In the high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, the addition ratio of the chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the sulfide extreme pressure anti-wear agent is 2:(3-4).

[0011] The high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, wherein the viscosity of the base oil at 40° C. is 6.5 to 12.5 cSt.

[0012] The high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, wherein the base oil is one or more of dibasic acid esters, trimethylolpropane esters, pentaerythritol diesters, neopentyl glycol esters, isooctanoic acid esters, adipic acid esters, bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate), sebacate, and 2-ethylhexyl oleate.

[0013] The high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, wherein the organic base is one or more of aminomethyl propanol, triisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, 1,1'-(methylimino)di(2-propanol), N-methyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol, and N,N-dimethylethanolamine.

[0014] The high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, wherein the synthetic ester is methyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl trimer, and the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 350.

[0015] The high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, wherein the rust inhibitor is one or more of diisopropyl alcohol amide, a dicarboxylic acid mixture, a polycarboxylic acid mixture, fatty acid diethanolamine amide, isopropyl alcoholamine borate, and disodium sebacic acid.

[0016] The high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, wherein the corrosion inhibitor is one or more of tridecyl alcohol polyether-10-phosphate, isotridecyl phosphate, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, methacrylate-2-hydroxyethyl phosphate, benzotriazole, 1-hydroxyethyl-2-oleyl imidazoline; the emulsifier is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, polyethoxylated fatty alcohol, C14-C15 single branched primary alcohol mixture, C12 Guerbet carboxylic acid, alkylated fatty alcohol, ricinoleic acid, tall oil acid One or more of; the fungicide is one or more of N,N-methylenebismorpholine, s-triazine, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione, n-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, methylisothiazolinone, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, and sodium pyrithione; the defoamer is a three-dimensional siloxane and a polyoxyalkylene reactant.

[0017] A method for preparing a high-temperature alloy cutting fluid comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. Add organic base and rust inhibitor into reactor A and stir at 40-50°C until the solution becomes clear and transparent;

[0019] S2. Add base oil, synthetic ester, extreme pressure anti-wear agent and corrosion inhibitor into reactor B, and stir at 40-50°C until the solution becomes clear and transparent;

[0020] S3, pour the solution in reactor A into reactor B, and stir at 40-50°C for 1 hour and then stop heating;

[0021] S4, adding an emulsifier to the solution in step S3 and stirring evenly;

[0022] S5, adding a bactericide to the solution in step S4 and stirring evenly;

[0023] S6. Add a defoamer to the solution in step S5, and stir evenly to obtain the high-temperature alloy cutting fluid.

[0024] Beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention provides a high-temperature alloy cutting fluid and a preparation method thereof, which has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. Excellent extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. The base oil, extreme pressure anti-wear agent and synthetic ester in the present invention can play a complementary role in the processing of high-temperature alloys. The base oil plays the role of carrying the synthetic ester and the extreme pressure anti-wear agent; the synthetic ester has high thermal stability and is not easy to decompose or oxidize under high temperature conditions, ensuring the long-term stability of the lubrication and cooling effects; the extreme pressure anti-wear agent uses chlorine compounds and sulfides to react with the surface of the high-temperature alloy under different cutting conditions under high temperature and high pressure environments, which can cover a wider temperature range and form a more stable and wider-coverage protective chlorate and sulfate film. This film has good pressure and temperature resistance, can reduce the direct contact between the workpiece and the tool, and thus effectively reduce wear and friction.

[0027] 2. Good fluidity. Water-based metalworking fluids have high specific heat capacity and good fluidity, which is beneficial to continuously remove heat from the processing area during processing and reduce tool wear.

[0028] 3. Safe and environmentally friendly, it does not contain harmful substances such as nitrites, phenols, secondary amines, etc. It is safe to store, non-irritating to the skin and respiratory tract when used, easily degradable, and environmentally friendly.

[0029] 4. It has good corrosion inhibition performance and does not corrode high-temperature alloys, aluminum alloys and copper alloy parts of machine tools. It can also form an oil film to protect the high-temperature area of ​​the workpiece after processing from corrosion by oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the environment.

[0030] 5. High stability, no discoloration or stratification during long-term storage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention provides a high temperature alloy cutting fluid and a preparation method thereof. In order to make the purpose, technical solution and effect of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The invention provides a high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, which is composed of the following components calculated by mass percentage: base oil: 30%-50%, organic base: 5%-10%, rust inhibitor: 5%-10%, synthetic ester: 4%-10%, extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 15%-20%, corrosion inhibitor: 0.5%-1.5%, emulsifier: 7%-15%, bactericide: 2%-4%, defoamer: 0.05%-0.1%, water: balance; the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent and sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agent.

[0033] Base Oil:

[0034] Base oil is used to form a protective film on the metal surface, reduce direct contact between the tool and the workpiece, reduce friction and wear, extend tool life and improve processing quality. Its good thermal conductivity effectively dissipates heat, prevents thermal deformation and premature tool failure. In addition, base oil can dissolve and disperse additives, enhance cutting fluid performance, and reduce wear and defects caused by impurities by cleaning the tool and workpiece surface.

[0035] The viscosity of the base oil at 40°C is 6.5 to 12.5 cSt. The viscosity of the base oil has a direct impact on the lubrication performance. The base oil with appropriate viscosity can form a thicker oil film between the tool and the workpiece surface. The base oil in the above viscosity range, although relatively low in viscosity, can still form a sufficiently thin and effective lubricating film on the tool and workpiece surface under processing pressure. Compared with high-viscosity oil, this thin oil film can better adapt to the high-precision requirements of processing. In addition, the appropriate base oil viscosity can ensure that heat can be dissipated in time during the processing process to prevent the workpiece and tool from being damaged due to overheating. Due to its good fluidity, it can also effectively carry the grinding chips away from the processing area to ensure the processing quality. However, if the base oil viscosity is too low, it may not provide enough power to completely carry away the grinding chips, especially for some heavier or larger grinding chips. On the contrary, the base oil with too high viscosity may make it difficult for the grinding chips to be suspended in the processing fluid and easily deposited in the processing area. Furthermore, the viscosity of the base oil will affect the dissolution and dispersion of the additive. The viscosity within the above range can ensure that the additive is evenly dispersed in the base oil so that it can fully play its role. For example, extreme pressure anti-wear agents, emulsifiers, rust inhibitors and other additives need to be evenly distributed in the base oil so that they can fully play their role during the processing. If the base oil viscosity is too high, the additives may be difficult to fully dissolve and disperse, resulting in insufficient concentration of additives in local areas and failure to achieve the expected protective effect; while if the viscosity is too low, the additives may be too dispersed and unable to play a sufficient role in key areas. Therefore, the viscosity within the above range is preferred, which can ensure that the cutting fluid has sufficient oil film thickness while taking into account good wettability, and can fully play the overall effective lubrication.

[0036] Specifically, the base oil is one or more of dibasic acid ester (viscosity of 12.5 cSt at 40°C), trimethylolpropane ester, pentaerythritol diester, neopentyl glycol ester (viscosity of 9.3 cSt at 40°C), isooctanoic acid ester (viscosity of 7.9 cSt at 40°C), adipic acid ester (viscosity of 10.8 cSt at 40°C), bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate) (viscosity of 12.4 cSt at 40°C), sebacate (viscosity of 6.7 cSt at 40°C), oleic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (viscosity of 9.6 cSt at 40°C). The above base oil is an ester-based base oil, and the acyl group (C=O) and ether bond (-O-) in the ester molecular structure provide polar hydrophilic groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thereby making it easier to form a stable emulsion in water. Moreover, these polar groups can also be adsorbed on the metal surface to form a dense adsorption film layer. This polar adsorption layer helps to maintain the oil film between the friction surfaces, thereby reducing the friction coefficient, reducing tool wear, and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.

[0037] Organic base:

[0038] Organic bases play a key role in metalworking fluids. They can be used to adjust the pH value of cutting fluids (usually 8-10) and neutralize acidic substances generated during the processing, such as hydrogen ions generated by the reaction of metal and water during cutting, thereby maintaining the alkaline environment of the processing fluid, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, extending the service life and reducing the risk of corrosion. At the same time, the polar groups in the organic base molecules will combine with the active sites on the metal surface to form a dense protective film that can be used to prevent moisture and oxygen from corroding active metals. Organic bases with long-chain structures can be adsorbed on the surface of the tool and workpiece and form a protective lubricating layer, which can isolate and reduce friction between the two, thereby improving processing efficiency and processing surface quality. In addition, organic bases can stabilize additives such as rust inhibitors, emulsifiers, and extreme pressure anti-wear agents. The emulsification and dispersion effects of organic bases can help emulsifiers better stabilize the oil phase and water phase in the cutting fluid, ensure the stability of the machining fluid performance, and further enhance the cooling and lubrication properties of the machining fluid; they can also enhance the performance of extreme pressure anti-wear agents. Under extreme cutting pressure and temperature conditions, organic bases can promote the chemical reaction between extreme pressure anti-wear agents and metal surfaces, making the formed extreme pressure lubrication film more stable and effective.

[0039] Specifically, the organic base is one or more of aminomethyl propanol, triisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, 1,1'-(methylimino)di(2-propanol), N-methyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol, and N,N-dimethylethanolamine. Organic alcohol amines can partially ionize hydroxide ions in water, thereby neutralizing the acidity of the cutting fluid. Organic alcohol amines can undergo a chelating reaction with metal ions, thereby adsorbing on the surface of the metal to form a dense protective film. Since organic alcohol amines contain both hydroxyl groups and amino groups in their molecular structure, these polar groups can produce a strong adsorption effect on the metal surface, thereby forming a lubricating film between the tool and the workpiece. The hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and hydrophobic amino groups in the organic alcohol amines can interact with the water phase and the oil phase respectively, reduce the surface tension of the oil-water interface, and enable the oil droplets to be stably dispersed in the water.

[0040] Synthetic esters:

[0041] Synthetic esters have excellent lubrication properties, which can effectively reduce friction and wear between metal surfaces and extend the service life of equipment and tools. They can still maintain a stable lubrication effect under high temperature, high pressure and high speed conditions, and are suitable for various metal processing processes. Synthetic esters can also form a protective film on the metal surface, effectively preventing oxidation and corrosion, and are used to protect the metal surface from moisture and corrosive substances. In addition, synthetic esters have high thermal stability and are not easy to decompose or oxidize under high temperature conditions, ensuring the long-term stability of the lubrication and cooling effects, making them particularly outstanding in high-temperature processing.

[0042] Specifically, the synthetic ester includes methyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl trimer, 2-ethylhexyl trimer acid ester, hexapolyricinoleate, isopropyl palmitate, and neopentyl glycol fatty acid ester. Preferably, the synthetic ester is methyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl trimer, and the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 350. The methyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl trimer contains polyethylene glycol segments and polar functional groups in its structure, and can form a stronger adsorption layer with the metal surface. This polar property improves the adhesion of the lubricant on the friction surface, reduces friction, and helps to maintain the integrity of the lubricating film under high pressure conditions. Moreover, the methyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl triester has a long and flexible molecule (the molecular structure contains a fat-soluble 2-ethylhexyl part and a polyethylene glycol chain with a certain degree of flexibility), which can change its chemical stability and solubility to a certain extent. This structure shows good shear stability under high loads and can maintain the continuity of the lubricating film under boundary lubrication conditions. In addition, the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol part will not only affect the water solubility, viscosity, and stability of the cutting fluid of the synthetic ester, but also affect the lubricating film formed between the tool and the workpiece, as well as its synergistic effect with the emulsifier.

[0043] Extreme pressure anti-wear agent:

[0044] During the titanium alloy processing, extreme pressure anti-wear agents can react with the metal surface to form a stable protective layer on the surface of the high-temperature alloy, reducing the direct contact and friction between the tool and the workpiece, thereby reducing the friction coefficient.

[0045] Specifically, the chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent is one or more of chlorinated fatty acid esters, chlorinated polyolefins, and chlorinated paraffins; the sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agent is one or more of sulfurized isooctanoic acid esters, sulfurized cottonseed oil, sulfurized lard, sulfurized fatty acid esters, sulfurized olefins, and sulfurized olefin fatty acid esters. The chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent reduces friction and wear by forming a chloride film between the chlorine element and the metal surface during the cutting process. At high temperatures, the chloride will gradually decompose to form a thin layer of chloride metal film, which can protect the metal surface under high load conditions, prevent direct contact, and thus reduce adhesive wear and abrasive wear. Chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agents are suitable for use at higher temperatures, but their effects will be affected by high temperature oxidation. Therefore, they are generally suitable for use under cutting conditions where temperature changes are not drastic. The sulfurized anti-wear agent will react chemically with the metal surface under high temperature conditions to form a sulfide film, which has high shear strength and thermal stability and can reduce wear under high load and high temperature conditions. The mechanism of action of sulfide extreme pressure anti-wear agent is suitable for occasions where the temperature rises sharply. During the cutting process, the decomposition temperature of sulfide is relatively high, which enables it to effectively protect the tool surface and reduce wear during high-temperature alloy processing.

[0046] The two films formed above have different stabilities under different temperature and pressure conditions, so their compound use can cover a wider temperature range, forming a more stable protective film with a wider coverage, providing more comprehensive protection under instantaneous high pressure or shear force, and achieving more excellent extreme pressure and anti-wear performance. It is suitable for high-load and variable temperature lubrication application scenarios to avoid the failure of a single additive due to overheating or shearing. That is, after compounding, the chlorine-containing additive provides lubrication protection in the initial stage. When the temperature and pressure continue to rise, the sulfur-based components begin to decompose to form a sulfide film, which then improves the anti-wear performance. The sulfur and chlorine composite additive has a good antioxidant effect. This synergistic antioxidant effect helps to maintain the lubricating film on the metal surface in harsh environments, further enhancing the anti-wear effect.

[0047] More specifically, the addition ratio of the chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent and the sulfide extreme pressure anti-wear agent is 2: (3-4). Since the protective film formed by the chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent has a lower shear strength, and the protective film formed by the sulfide extreme pressure anti-wear agent has a higher load-bearing capacity and anti-wear performance, only when the two are compounded in a suitable ratio can the protective film between the tool and the workpiece better resist the high pressure and high temperature during the cutting process, reduce tool wear and damage to the workpiece surface, but if the ratio of the two is not appropriate, the protective film may be insufficient in strength or toughness, and cannot effectively resist the cutting force. In addition, the chemical reactions of chlorine and sulfur on the metal surface will compete with each other. If the ratio of the chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent is too high, too much chlorine will interfere with the process of the sulfide anti-wear agent forming a sulfide protective film with the metal surface, or destroy the sulfide film that has been formed, and vice versa, so that the advantages of the two cannot be fully utilized.

[0048] Rust Inhibitor:

[0049] The rust inhibitor is an organic rust inhibitor, which plays an important protective role in metalworking fluids. It mainly forms a dense organic passivation film by reacting with the metal surface, thereby effectively blocking the penetration of oxygen, moisture and other corrosive media, and reducing the risk of metal oxidation and corrosion. At the same time, the weakly acidic properties of the organic rust inhibitor help stabilize the pH value of the processing fluid and prevent corrosion problems caused by acid-base imbalance. In the processing fluid, the organic rust inhibitor can also work in conjunction with other additives (such as extreme pressure anti-wear agents) to ensure the stability of cooling, lubrication and cleaning functions. Compared with traditional inorganic rust inhibitors, organic rust inhibitors are more friendly to the environment and operators due to their low toxicity and no heavy metal components, and are ideal for metal processing.

[0050] Specifically, the rust inhibitor is one or more of diisopropanolamide, dicarboxylic acid mixture, polycarboxylic acid mixture, fatty acid diethanolamine, isopropanolamine borate, and disodium sebacic acid. Diisopropanolamide has certain polarity, and the amide group in its molecule can act on the active site of the metal surface to form a protective film, and also has good emulsifying properties. The carboxyl group (-COOH) in the dicarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acid mixture can react chemically with metal ions to form metal carboxylates, which can be deposited on the metal surface to form a dense protective film. The fatty acid diethanolamine molecule contains fatty acid groups and ethanolamine groups at the same time, and the fatty acid groups can be attached to the metal surface by physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, while the ethanolamine group can enhance the solubility of the molecule in water, and can react with some impurities on the metal surface. Isopropanolamine borate will undergo hydrolysis reaction on the metal surface, and the generated boric acid and isopropanolamine can react with the metal surface respectively. Boric acid can form a borate protective film on the metal surface, while isopropanolamine can adjust the pH value and assist in rust prevention. This dual-action protective film can effectively prevent metal rust. Disodium sebacic acid will ionize sodium ions and sebacic acid root ions in water. Sebacic acid root ions can exchange with cations on the metal surface to form a protective film of sebacic acid metal salt on the metal surface.

[0051] Corrosion Inhibitor:

[0052] Corrosion inhibitors are a type of additive that blocks the invasion of corrosive substances by forming a protective layer on the metal surface. Their main function is to prevent the corrosion of non-ferrous metals, enhance the stability of cutting fluids, and improve processing quality.

[0053] Specifically, the corrosion inhibitor is one or more of tridecyl alcohol polyether-10-phosphate, isotridecyl phosphate, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate, benzotriazole, and 1-hydroxyethyl-2-oleyl imidazoline. The tridecyl alcohol polyether-10-phosphate molecule contains a phosphate group, and the phosphorus atom and oxygen atom in the phosphate group can combine with the active site on the metal surface to form a protective film; the polyether part in its molecular structure is hydrophilic, so that it also has good emulsification properties. Isotridecyl phosphate will undergo a hydrolysis reaction on the metal surface to generate phosphate ions and corresponding alcohols, and the phosphate ions can combine with the cations on the metal surface to form a phosphate metal salt protective film. Aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid is an organic phosphoric acid corrosion inhibitor, and its phosphate group (-PO3H2) can form a stable complex with metal ions, and the complex will be adsorbed on the metal surface to form a protective film; at the same time, its amino group can adjust the charge distribution and adsorption properties of the molecule, and enhance the stability and density of the protective film. The phosphate part of the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate ester molecule can react chemically with the active sites on the metal surface to form a phosphate metal salt protective film; at the same time, the acrylate part of the molecule can form a polymer protective film through polymerization. The imidazoline ring structure and hydroxyl, oil group and other groups in the 1-hydroxyethyl-2-oleyl imidazoline molecule can adsorb to the metal surface.

[0054] Emulsifier:

[0055] The role of emulsifiers in cutting fluids is mainly reflected in promoting emulsification, enhancing lubricity, optimizing cooling effects, extending service life, and providing cleaning functions. First, emulsifiers reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, promote the mixing of oil phase and water phase, form a stable emulsion, significantly improve the stability of cutting fluids, and prevent oil-water separation. Secondly, emulsifiers generate tiny oil droplets and evenly disperse them in the water phase, enhance lubrication performance, reduce friction between tools and workpieces, reduce heat generation, and thus improve processing efficiency and surface quality. In addition, emulsifiers can optimize the uniformity of oil-water mixing, improve heat conduction, effectively take away processing heat, and prevent workpiece deformation and tool damage. At the same time, it also inhibits the decomposition and precipitation of the emulsified system, extending the service life of the cutting fluid, and reducing the replacement frequency and maintenance costs. Finally, emulsifiers help remove metal chips and impurities, maintain the cleanliness of the processing area, and further improve the processing quality and tool life.

[0056] Specifically, the emulsifier is one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, polyethoxylated fatty alcohol, C14-C15 single branched primary alcohol mixture, C12 Guerbet carboxylic acid, alkylated fatty alcohol, ricinoleic acid, and tall oil acid. The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid molecule contains a hydrophilic polyoxyethylene ether segment and a hydrophobic fatty alcohol and carboxylic acid group. In the cutting fluid, the hydrophilic part can attract water, and the hydrophobic part interacts with the oil phase. The molecular structure of polyethoxylated fatty alcohol is composed of fatty alcohol and polyoxyethylene chain, the polyoxyethylene chain is hydrophilic, and the fatty alcohol part is hydrophobic. The primary alcohol molecule in the C14-C15 single branched primary alcohol mixture has a certain hydrophobicity, and its carbon chain part can interact with the oil phase. At the same time, the alcohol hydroxyl part has a certain hydrophilicity. The carboxylic acid group in the C12 Guerbet carboxylic acid molecule has a certain hydrophilicity, while the carbon chain part is hydrophobic. In the molecular structure of alkylated fatty alcohols, the alkyl part is hydrophobic and the fatty alcohol part is hydrophilic. The ricinoleic acid molecule contains carboxyl groups and long carbon chains. The carboxyl groups are hydrophilic and the long carbon chains are hydrophobic. The molecular structure of tall oil acid contains carboxyl groups and long carbon chains. Its emulsification principle is similar to that of ricinoleic acid. The hydrophilicity of the carboxyl groups and the hydrophobicity of the long carbon chains are oriented at the oil-water interface, reducing the surface tension of the oil-water interface and emulsifying the oil phase in the water phase.

[0057] Fungicide:

[0058] The role of fungicides in cutting fluids is mainly reflected in the following aspects. First, it interferes with the metabolism of microorganisms and inhibits the reproduction of bacteria and fungi, thereby keeping the cutting fluid clean and stable. Secondly, controlling the growth of microorganisms can reduce the corruption and deterioration of cutting fluids, significantly extend the service life, and reduce the replacement frequency and maintenance costs. In addition, fungicides maintain the physical and chemical properties of cutting fluids, ensure their lubricity and cooling effects, and prevent the decline of emulsification properties. At the same time, it can also prevent the generation of odors and corrupt substances and maintain the hygiene of the working environment.

[0059] Specifically, the fungicide is one or more of N,N-methylenebismorpholine, s-triazine, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione, n-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, methylisothiazolinone, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, and sodium pyrithione.

[0060] Defoaming agent:

[0061] Defoamers play a key role in cutting fluids, mainly by inhibiting the generation of foam. By reducing the surface tension of the liquid, defoamers can quickly eliminate the foam in the cutting fluid and prevent foam accumulation. This feature improves processing efficiency and reduces interference caused by foam.

[0062] Specifically, the defoamer is a three-dimensional siloxane and a polyoxyalkylene reactant. The three-dimensional siloxane part has a low surface tension and can spread quickly on the surface of the foam. When it contacts the foam surface, it will destroy the elasticity and stability of the foam liquid film. At the same time, the polyoxyalkylene part can interact with the components in the foam system to further reduce the surface tension of the foam. This dual effect makes the foam liquid film thinner and eventually causes the foam to burst.

[0063] The above-mentioned high-temperature alloy cutting fluid uses organic alkali, synthetic ester and chlorinated and sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agents as main additives, and is compounded with additives such as rust inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors and bactericides, so that the cutting fluid has excellent extreme pressure anti-wear, high lubricity, good cleaning performance, high emulsification degree, strong dilution compatibility and the like.

[0064] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a high-temperature alloy cutting fluid, comprising the following steps:

[0065] S1. Add organic base and rust inhibitor to reactor A, and stir at 40-50℃ until the solution is clear and transparent. Under the temperature condition of 40-50℃, the thermal motion of molecules is relatively active, which is conducive to the diffusion and mutual contact of organic base and rust inhibitor molecules, and ensures that the possible interactions between them (such as chemical reaction to form protective film and other rust-related effects, the regulation of pH value by organic base, etc.) can be carried out stably, so as to obtain a preliminary stable and uniform mixed liquid system.

[0066] S2. Add base oil, synthetic ester, extreme pressure anti-wear agent and corrosion inhibitor to reactor B, and stir at 40-50℃ until the solution is clear and transparent. As the main oil phase component, base oil can provide a dissolving and dispersing medium for other oil-soluble components; synthetic ester can interact with base oil and other components by virtue of its special molecular structure; extreme pressure anti-wear agent and corrosion inhibitor can also be better dispersed in the oil phase at this temperature, and synergize with other components to play their respective roles, and finally achieve a clear and transparent solution with uniform mixing effect.

[0067] S3. Pour the solution in reactor A into reactor B, and stop heating after stirring at 40-50°C for 1 hour. The purpose of pouring the solution in reactor A into reactor B and continuing to stir is to combine the two mixed systems, which are mainly water phase (containing organic alkali and rust inhibitor) and mainly oil phase (containing base oil, synthetic ester, extreme pressure anti-wear agent and corrosion inhibitor) prepared separately before, and to further promote the mixing and interaction between the oil phase and the water phase through stirring, so that the whole system gradually tends to be stable and uniform.

[0068] S4, adding an emulsifier to the solution in step S3 and stirring for 30 minutes. The addition of the emulsifier is used to reduce the surface tension of the oil-water interface, so that the oil phase can be more stably and evenly dispersed in the water phase to form a stable emulsion structure.

[0069] S5. Add a fungicide to the solution in step S4 and stir until the solution becomes clear and transparent.

[0070] S6, adding a defoamer to the solution in step S5, and stirring at a low speed for 30 minutes to obtain the high-temperature alloy cutting fluid. The defoamer is added last to eliminate the foam that may be generated during the stirring process of the previous steps and the subsequent use of the cutting fluid.

[0071] In order to further illustrate a high temperature alloy and a preparation method thereof provided by the present invention, the following examples and comparative examples are provided.

[0072] The test object of the present invention is the stock solution prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example, and the test object is the high temperature alloy cutting fluid.

[0073] The testing method of the present invention is as follows:

[0074] (1) pH value (GB / T 6144); defoaming property (GB / T 6144); corrosion test (cast iron, copper, LY12 aluminum) (GB / T 6144); rust resistance test (single sheet, laminated sheet) (GB / T 6144); saponification value (mgKOH / g) (GB / T 5530).

[0075] (2) The test method for extreme pressure performance shall be carried out in accordance with GB / 3142. Tester model: Xiamen Tianji MS-10A.

[0076] (3) Testing method of tapping torque:

[0077] Extrusion speed 600r / min, depth 8mm, maximum torque 500Ncm, tool: TTT-M4F-T for Titan, test block: NiCr19NbMo TTT-testbar 2.4668 / M4F / aperture 3.7mm / depth 12mm.

[0078] Cutting speed 600r / min, depth 8mm, maximum torque 500Ncm, tool: TTT-M4C-Ni, test block: NiCr19NbMo TTT-testbar 2.4668 / M4C(S) / aperture 3.3mm / depth 12mm. Tester model: TAPTTTSystem-G8.

[0079] (4) Stability test method: Seal the test object at room temperature (25°C) and leave it for 12 hours, and observe the state changes; seal the test object at low temperature (-13±2°C) and leave it for 24 hours, and observe the changes; seal the test object at high temperature (70°C) and leave it for 5 hours, and observe the changes (GB / T 6144).

[0080] (5) Cleaning power test: First weigh the NiCr19NbMo standard test piece, then soak the NiCr19NbMo standard test piece in the cutting fluid, place it in a 40°C oven to dry, and then weigh it. Soak the test piece in 500mL of tap water for 3min, wash it 3 times, and weigh it after drying.

[0081] 1. Extreme pressure anti-wear agent embodiment

[0082] By adopting the preparation method of the embodiment of the present invention, Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Example 1-3, Comparative Example 1-1, Comparative Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-3 were prepared according to the component composition in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1 Component composition of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Example 1-3, Comparative Example 1-1, Comparative Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-3

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] Table 2 Performance test results of Example 1-1, Example 1-2, Example 1-3, Comparative Example 1-1, Comparative Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-3

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] As can be seen from the above table, the extreme pressure anti-wear performance, lubrication performance and friction coefficient of Example 1-1, Example 1-2 and Example 1-3 are all very excellent, indicating that the compound use of sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing additives in a set ratio is better than the use of chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agents or sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agents alone in improving the lubrication performance of cutting fluids. Among them, the lubrication performance of Comparative Example 1-2 is second, the lubrication performance of Comparative Example 1-3 is relatively poor, and the lubrication performance of Comparative Example 1-1 is the worst, indicating that the lubrication performance of sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agents alone is better than the lubrication performance of chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agents alone.

[0090] 2. Synthetic Ester Embodiment

[0091] The preparation method of the embodiment of the present invention was adopted and Example 2, Comparative Example 2-1, Comparative Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-3 were prepared according to the component composition in Table 3.

[0092] Table 3 Components of Example 2, Comparative Example 2-1, Comparative Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-3

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Table 4 Performance test results of Example 2, Comparative Example 2-1, Comparative Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-3

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] As can be seen from the above table, embodiment 2 tapping torque cutting and tapping torque extrusion are minimum, and therefore, the lubricity of embodiment 2 is best and the friction coefficient is minimum.This is because the polarity in the methyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl trimer structure is greater than the polarity in trimer acid 2-ethylhexyl ester and isopropyl palmitate structure, the methyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl trimer is easier to form a stronger adsorption layer on the metal surface, and trimer acid 2-ethylhexyl ester and isopropyl palmitate polarity are lower, are difficult to form similar stable adsorption layer, so lubricity and anti-wear performance are poor.In addition, the polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl trimer molecular chain is longer and has flexibility, and the molecular chains such as isopropyl palmitate, neopentyl glycol fatty acid ester are shorter and rigidity is larger, are difficult to form an effective boundary lubrication film, cause the decline of lubricity under extreme pressure conditions.

[0099] 3. Base Oil Example

[0100] The preparation method of the embodiments of the present invention was adopted, and Example 3-1, Example 3-2, Example 3-3 and Comparative Example 3 were prepared according to the component composition in Table 5.

[0101] Table 5 Component composition of Example 3-1, Example 3-2, Example 3-3 and Comparative Example 3

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] Table 6 Performance test results of Example 3, Comparative Example 3-1, Comparative Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3-3

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] The emulsification degree of ester compounds is higher than that of cycloalkyl white oil (such as 4006# white oil), which is due to their molecular structure and polarity differences. Ester compounds have higher polarity than cycloalkyl white oil. The acyl group (C=O) and ether bond (-O-) in the ester molecule provide hydrophilic groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, making it easier to form a stable emulsion in water. Cycloalkyl white oil is mainly composed of saturated hydrocarbons, has lower polarity, lacks the ability to interact with water molecules, and is therefore more difficult to emulsify. In addition, the lubrication performance of ester substances is better than that of 4006# cycloalkyl white oil. This is because the higher polarity of ester compounds makes it easy for them to form a tight adsorption film on the metal surface. This polar adsorption layer helps to maintain the oil film between the friction surfaces, reduce the friction coefficient, and reduce wear. In contrast, cycloalkyl white oil is a non-polar substance that cannot be effectively adsorbed to the metal surface, so its lubricity is relatively poor.

[0108] The molecular structure of bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate) contains two 2-ethylhexyl groups, which makes the molecule have good flexibility and large steric hindrance. During the lubrication process, the molecule can be better adsorbed on the friction surface. Relatively speaking, the structure of ordinary sebacate esters is relatively simple, and its molecules may not have the complex structure and large steric hindrance of bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate). During the adsorption process, the adsorption film it forms on the metal surface is not dense enough, and the coverage of the friction surface is not as good as bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate). Although pentaerythritol diester is also a diester structure, its molecular structure is different from that of bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate). The center of the pentaerythritol diester molecule is a pentaerythritol structure, and its spatial structure and functional group distribution are different from the 2-ethylhexyl structure of bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate). When adsorbed onto the metal surface, the pentaerythritol diester molecule cannot effectively utilize the molecular structure advantages to form a tight adsorption film like bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate), so the lubricating effect is relatively poor.

[0109] In summary, (1) in response to the problems existing in the existing high-temperature alloy cutting fluid described in the prior art, the present invention adopts an ester-based base oil, an organic base, a synthetic ester and an extreme pressure anti-wear agent composed of a chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent and a sulfide extreme pressure anti-wear agent to form a continuous high-strength lubricating film, and compounded with additives such as an organic acid rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor and a bactericide, so as to improve the rust and corrosion inhibition of the cutting fluid on the workpiece and the machine tool during processing and the safety and environmental protection of long-term use.

[0110] (2) A simulated cutting test was designed to measure the surface roughness of the workpiece after cutting. The SRV multifunctional friction and wear testing machine was used for quantitative and timed testing to simulate the lubricity and friction coefficient during on-site cutting.

[0111] (3) In view of the cleaning performance after cutting, a test method simulating post-processing cleaning is designed (refer to GB / T35759) to quantitatively and regularly measure the surface cleanliness of the workpiece after water washing after processing.

[0112] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all these changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high temperature alloy cutting fluid, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it is composed of the following components: base oil: 30% to 50%, organic alkali: 5% to 10%, rust inhibitor: 5% to 10%, synthetic ester: 4% to 10%, extreme pressure anti-wear agent: 15% to 20%, corrosion inhibitor: 0.5% to 1.5%, emulsifier: 7% to 15%, bactericide: 2% to 4%, defoamer: 0.05% to 0.1%, water: balance; the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is composed of chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent and sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agent.

2. The high temperature alloy cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent is one or more of chlorinated fatty acid esters, chlorinated polyolefins, and chlorinated paraffins; the sulfurized extreme pressure anti-wear agent is one or more of sulfurized isooctyl esters, sulfurized cottonseed oil, sulfurized lard, sulfurized fatty acid esters, sulfurized olefins, and sulfurized olefin fatty acid esters.

3. The high temperature alloy cutting fluid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The addition ratio of the chlorinated extreme pressure anti-wear agent to the sulfided extreme pressure anti-wear agent is 2:(3-4).

4. The high temperature alloy cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base oil has a viscosity of 6.5 to 12.5 cSt at 40°C.

5. The high temperature alloy cutting fluid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The base oil is one or more of dibasic acid ester, trimethylolpropane ester, pentaerythritol diester, neopentyl glycol ester, isooctanoic acid ester, adipic acid ester, bis(2-ethylhexyl sebacate), sebacate, and 2-ethylhexyl oleate.

6. The high temperature alloy cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic base is one or more of aminomethyl propanol, triisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, 1,1'-(methylimino)di(2-propanol), N-methyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol, and N,N-dimethylethanolamine.

7. The high temperature alloy cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthetic ester is methyl-terminated polyethylene glycol-2-ethylhexyl trimer, and the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 350.

8. The high temperature alloy cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rust inhibitor is one or more of diisopropanolamide, a dicarboxylic acid mixture, a polycarboxylic acid mixture, fatty acid diethanolamine, isopropanolamine borate, and disodium sebacic acid.

9. The high temperature alloy cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corrosion inhibitor is one or more of tridecyl alcohol polyether-10-phosphate, isotridecyl phosphate, aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate, benzotriazole, and 1-hydroxyethyl-2-oleyl imidazoline; the emulsifier is one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid, polyethoxylated fatty alcohol, C14-C15 single branched primary alcohol mixture, C12 Guerbet carboxylic acid, alkylated fatty alcohol, ricinoleic acid, and tall oil acid; The bactericide is one or more of N,N-methylenebismorpholine, s-triazine, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione, n-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, methylisothiazolinone, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, and sodium pyrithione; the defoamer is a three-dimensional siloxane and a polyoxyalkylene reactant.

10. A method for preparing a high temperature alloy cutting fluid, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Add organic base and rust inhibitor into reactor A and stir at 40-50°C until the solution becomes clear and transparent; S2. Add base oil, synthetic ester, extreme pressure anti-wear agent and corrosion inhibitor into reactor B, and stir at 40-50°C until the solution becomes clear and transparent; S3, pour the solution in reactor A into reactor B, and stir at 40-50°C for 1 hour and then stop heating; S4, adding an emulsifier to the solution in step S3 and stirring evenly; S5, adding a bactericide to the solution in step S4 and stirring evenly; S6. Add a defoaming agent to the solution in step S5, and stir evenly to obtain the high-temperature alloy cutting fluid as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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