Bio-based plant active fuel additive

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel additives, and particularly discloses a bio-based plant active fuel additive which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of vegetable oil, 10-20 parts of a pour point depressant, 2-8 parts of an antioxidant and 1-5 parts of a surfactant. The vegetable oil is one or more of palm oil, soybean oil, castor oil, jatropha curcas oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, rapeseed oil and olive oil; the pour point depressant is prepared by polymerizing tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole; the obtained fuel oil additive not only has excellent low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability, but also contains a large number of plant active ingredients, is green, environment-friendly and degradable, can be directly added into a fuel oil tank of an internal combustion engine for use, improves the quality of fuel oil, reduces the oil consumption, improves the lubricity of the fuel oil, and prolongs the service life of the engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel additives, and more particularly to a bio-based plant active fuel additive. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of biotechnology and the continuous expansion of the market, bio-based fuel additives have received more and more attention. Bio-based fuel additives are renewable resources and are biodegradable. Adding bio-based fuel additives to traditional fuels can enable engines to achieve high efficiency and low emissions. They have broad application prospects in the automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding and other industrial fields.

[0003] Bio-based fuel additives are derived from plant extracts in nature. The main components are fatty acids containing C16 and C18. Their properties are mainly determined by the type, properties and content of the fatty acids they contain. Bio-based fuel additives are liquids without irritating odor at room temperature. They can be degraded in the environment and are compatible with gasoline without stratification. However, at lower temperatures, they are paste-like and have no fluidity. Their ability to dissolve fuel is reduced, which is not only not conducive to the normal start-up and operation of the engine, but also increases the wear of the engine during the start-up process. At the same time, because bio-based fuel additives contain more unsaturated fatty acid esters, they are prone to oxidation reactions under the influence of oxygen, temperature, metal catalysis and moisture. Oxidation reactions can cause the acid value of the oil to increase, the viscosity to change, and the formation of sediments, which can cause the bio-based fuel additives to deteriorate, directly affecting the working efficiency of the engine. In severe cases, they can cause the engine to jitter at idle speed, ignition difficulties, premature combustion, misfires and cylinder failure.

[0004] At present, CN112020548 A discloses a triglyceride mixture and an alkyl ester mixture from vegetable oil, wherein the mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters has the following composition: at least 56% of saturated C12 chains, at least 23% of saturated C14 chains, at most 8% of saturated C16 chains, at most 5% of saturated C6-10 chains, at most 5% of monounsaturated C18 chains, at most 2% of saturated C18 chains, at most 0.8% of diunsaturated C18 chains, and at most 0.2% of saturated C20 chains; the mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters effectively improves the combustion efficiency of the fuel, but its own low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability are not effectively improved, which still affects the comprehensive performance of the fuel.

[0005] Based on the above statements, the present invention proposes a novel bio-based plant active fuel additive. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to improve the poor low temperature fluidity and oxidation stability of existing bio-based fuel additives, the present invention provides a bio-based plant active fuel additive.

[0007] The present invention provides a bio-based plant active fuel additive, which adopts the following technical solution: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of vegetable oil, 10-20 parts of pour point depressant, 2-8 parts of antioxidant, and 1-5 parts of surfactant; The pour point depressant is obtained by polymerizing tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole.

[0008] Preferably, the vegetable oil is one or more of palm oil, soybean oil, castor oil, jatropha oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and olive oil.

[0009] Preferably, the method for preparing the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole are added to ethanol and fully dissolved, and then an azo initiator, a dispersant and a chain transfer agent are added and mixed evenly. Under the protection of inert gas, the temperature is raised to 50-70° C. and stirred for reaction for 8-12 hours. Then, the mixture is cooled, rotary evaporated, washed with ethanol and vacuum dried in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

[0010] In the preparation process of pour point depressant, the chemical reaction equation involved is as follows: Wherein, x, y, and z are all integers ≥ 1.

[0011] Preferably, the molar ratio of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole is 15:(1-2):(0.5-1).

[0012] Preferably, the azo initiator is one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, and dimethyl azobisisobutyrate; the mass of the azo initiator is 0.7-1% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinyl carbazole.

[0013] Preferably, the dispersant is polyethylene glycol; the mass of the dispersant is 2-3% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole.

[0014] Preferably, the dispersant is one or more of polyethylene glycol-800, polyethylene glycol-2000, and polyethylene glycol-4000.

[0015] Preferably, the chain transfer agent is one or more of mercaptoethanol, n-butyl mercaptan, benzyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, tetradecyl mercaptan, and hexadecyl mercaptan; the mass of the chain transfer agent is 0.8-1.2% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinyl carbazole.

[0016] Preferably, the antioxidant is one or more of butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid, and sophorolipids.

[0017] Preferably, the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipids in a mass ratio of 2:6:1.

[0018] Preferably, the surfactant is one or more of sorbitan fatty acid ester, xylitol fatty acid ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester and alkyl glycoside.

[0019] The present invention also provides a bio-based plant active fuel oil, which adopts the following technical solution: A bio-based plant active fuel comprises a base oil and the above-mentioned bio-based plant active fuel additive in a mass ratio of (400-500):1.

[0020] Preferably, the base oil is heavy diesel or marine heavy fuel oil.

[0021] Preferably, the model of the heavy diesel oil is one of 10#, 20# and 30#.

[0022] Preferably, the model of the marine heavy fuel oil is one of 180CST, 380CST and 500CST.

[0023] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The bio-based plant active fuel additive of the present invention includes vegetable oil, pour point depressant, antioxidant, and surfactant. The components interact with each other, and the obtained fuel additive has excellent low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability, and is green, environmentally friendly and degradable.

[0024] 2. The pour point depressant of the present invention uses tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole as monomers, and adopts a dispersion polymerization method to synthesize a ternary polymer, and adds a dispersant and a chain transfer agent, and controls the molar amounts of the three monomers to effectively regulate the molecular weight and chain structure of the ternary polymer; the obtained pour point depressant contains a carbazole ring, a benzene ring and a long-chain alkyl group, the tetradecyl methacrylate part has a similar structure to the wax crystal part in the vegetable oil, and can form a eutectic effect with the wax crystal, and the polar group ester group on the carbon chain becomes an adsorption center. With the help of the eutectic-adsorption effect, a layer of isolation film is formed to prevent paraffin molecules from combining with each other and becoming larger, so that they cannot form a network structure, thereby making the vegetable oil It will not solidify within a certain low temperature range, thereby delaying the gelation of the fuel system, reducing the solidification temperature and achieving a depressing effect; at the same time, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole provide benzene rings and carbazole rings (aromaticity and strong π-π conjugated structure), strengthening the diversity and polarity of the adsorption center, enhancing its eutectic-adsorption function with paraffin, and achieving a better depressing effect; in addition, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole have a large steric hindrance, which can make the wax crystals after eutectic repel each other and make the wax crystals evenly distributed, thereby enhancing the contact between the depressant and the wax crystals, so that the depressant can be wrapped on the surface of the wax crystals, inhibiting the growth of the wax crystals and the combination with other wax crystals.

[0025] 3. The present invention uses butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipids as antioxidants. Butyl hydroxyanisole inhibits the oxidation of vegetable oil by capturing free radicals; hydrogenated rosin acid can provide hydrogen atoms to peroxides to interrupt their oxidation chain reactions; sophorolipids reduce the chance of oxygen contacting vegetable oils through emulsification; the present invention further preferably uses a mixture of butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipids in a specific ratio as an antioxidant. The three synergistically enhance the synergy and effectively delay the oxidation process of the bio-based plant active fuel additive, thereby improving its oxidative stability.

[0026] 4. The carbazole ring, benzene ring and long-chain alkyl in the pour point depressant molecule of the present invention also have certain antioxidant, anti-corrosion and high-temperature detergency; and the antioxidant of the present invention can also play a pour point depressant effect when dissolved in vegetable oil; the interaction between the two helps to further improve the low-temperature fluidity and oxidative stability of the bio-based plant active fuel additive.

[0027] 5. The bio-based plant active fuel additive of the present invention is mixed with the base oil in a certain mass ratio, which can play a good decondensation effect and will not deteriorate; at the same time, the additive contains vegetable oil, that is, it has a large amount of plant active ingredients, which can quickly penetrate into the molecular chain of the fuel, decompose the molecular chain of the fuel hydrocarbons, and reform and homogenize the clustered hydrocarbon molecules of different sizes to improve the fuel quality and meet the engine performance requirements; and it can make the fuel molecules smaller and more uniform, improve the atomization effect and aerobic combustion efficiency of the fuel, and reduce the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons while achieving clean combustion, and has broad application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0029] The materials and reagents used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial sources; among them, tetradecyl methacrylate, CAS No. 2549-53-3, purity ≥99%, was purchased from Wuhan Jixinyibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; benzyl cinnamate, CAS No. 103-41-3, purity ≥98%, was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; N-vinyl carbazole, CAS No. 1484-13-58, purity ≥98%, was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; brown Palm oil, CAS No. 8002-75-3, purity ≥99%, purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.; soybean oil, CAS No. 8001-22-7, purity ≥99%, purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.; castor oil, CAS No. 8001-79-4, purity ≥99%, purchased from Shandong Zhouhe Chemical Co., Ltd.; olive oil, CAS No. 8001-25-0, purity ≥99%, purchased from Hubei Chenxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; 10# heavy diesel oil, purchased from Sinopec Group.

[0030] Preparation Examples 1-3 and Comparative Preparation Examples 1-3 provide a method for preparing a pour point depressant.

[0031] Preparation Example 1 The preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, add 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate, 0.01 mol (2.38 g) of benzyl cinnamate, and 0.005 mol (0.965 g) of N-vinyl carbazole into 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolve them. Then, add 0.32 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.914 g of polyethylene glycol-2000, and 0.366 g of benzyl mercaptan and mix well. Under nitrogen protection, heat to 50 ° C and stir to react for 12 hours. Then, cool, rotary evaporate, wash with ethanol, and vacuum dry in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

[0032] Preparation Example 2 The preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, add 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate, 0.015 mol (3.57 g) of benzyl cinnamate, and 0.008 mol (1.544 g) of N-vinyl carbazole into 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolve them. Then, add 0.38 g of dimethyl azobisisobutyrate, 1.187 g of polyethylene glycol-800, and 0.475 g of dodecyl mercaptan and mix well. Under nitrogen protection, heat to 110 ° C and stir to react for 10 hours. Then, cool, rotary evaporate, wash with ethanol, and vacuum dry in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

[0033] Preparation Example 3 The preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, add 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate, 0.02 mol (4.76 g) of benzyl cinnamate, and 0.01 mol (1.93 g) of N-vinyl carbazole into 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolve them. Then, add 0.491 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 1.472 g of polyethylene glycol-4000, and 0.589 g of tetradecyl mercaptan and mix well. Under nitrogen protection, heat to 120 ° C and stir to react for 8 hours. Then, cool, rotary evaporate, wash with ethanol, and vacuum dry in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

[0034] Comparative Preparation Example 1 Comparative Preparation Example 1, the only difference from Preparation Example 1 is that an equal molar amount of benzyl cinnamate is used to replace N-vinyl carbazole, as follows: The preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, add 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate and 0.015 mol (3.57 g) of benzyl cinnamate into 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolve them. Then add 0.322 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.919 g of polyethylene glycol-2000 and 0.368 g of benzyl mercaptan and mix well. Under nitrogen protection, heat to 50 ° C and stir to react for 12 hours. Then, cool, rotary evaporate, wash with ethanol and vacuum dry in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

[0035] Comparative Preparation Example 2 Comparative Preparation Example 2 is different from Preparation Example 1 only in that an equal molar amount of N-vinyl carbazole is used to replace benzyl cinnamate, as follows: The preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, add 0.15 mol (42.375 g) of tetradecyl methacrylate and 0.015 mol (2.895 g) of N-vinyl carbazole into 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolve them. Then add 0.317 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.905 g of polyethylene glycol-2000, and 0.362 g of benzyl mercaptan and mix well. Under nitrogen protection, heat to 50 ° C and stir to react for 12 hours. Then, cool, rotary evaporate, wash with ethanol, and vacuum dry in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

[0036] Comparative Preparation Example 3 Comparative Preparation Example 3 is different from Preparation Example 1 only in that an equal molar amount of benzyl cinnamate is used to replace tetradecyl methacrylate, as follows: The preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, add 0.16 mol (38.08 g) of benzyl cinnamate and 0.005 mol (0.965 g) of N-vinyl carbazole into 2000 mL of ethanol and fully dissolve them. Then add 0.273 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.781 g of polyethylene glycol-2000, and 0.312 g of benzyl mercaptan and mix well. Under nitrogen protection, heat to 50 ° C and stir to react for 12 hours. Then, cool, rotary evaporate, wash with ethanol, and vacuum dry in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

[0037] Examples 1-7 provide a bio-based plant-active fuel additive.

[0038] Example 1 A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; The vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0039] Example 2 A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of vegetable oil, 15 parts of pour point depressant, 5 parts of antioxidant, and 2.5 parts of surfactant; The vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:4; the pour point depressant is prepared by Preparation Example 2; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:2; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0040] Example 3 A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of vegetable oil, 20 parts of pour point depressant, 8 parts of antioxidant, and 5 parts of surfactant; Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and olive oil in a mass ratio of 1:4:2; the pour point depressant is prepared by Preparation Example 3; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 3:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0041] Example 4 Example 4 is different from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and sophorolipids in a mass ratio of 1:1, as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; The vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0042] Example 5 Example 5 is different from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is obtained by mixing hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipids in a mass ratio of 1:1, as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; The vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0043] Example 6 Example 6 is different from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0044] Example 7 Example 7 is different from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 2:6:1, as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; The vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by Preparation Example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 2:6:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0045] In order to verify the performance of the bio-based plant active fuel additive provided by the present invention, the inventors set up comparative examples 1-5, wherein: Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 1 only in that the pour point depressant is prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 1, which is as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by comparative preparation example 1; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0046] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 is different from Example 1 only in that the pour point depressant is prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 2, which is as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by comparative preparation example 2; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0047] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 is different from Example 1 only in that the pour point depressant is prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 3, which is as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 10 parts of pour point depressant, 2 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; Among them, the vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by comparative preparation example 3; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0048] Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 4 is different from Example 1 only in that an equal mass of pour point depressant is used to replace the antioxidant, as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 12 parts of pour point depressant, and 1 part of surfactant; The vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the pour point depressant is prepared by Preparation Example 1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0049] Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 5 is the same as Example 1, except that an equal amount of antioxidant is used to replace the pour point depressant, as follows: A bio-based plant active fuel additive, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of vegetable oil, 12 parts of antioxidant, and 1 part of surfactant; The vegetable oil is obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; the antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole and hydrogenated rosin acid in a mass ratio of 1:1; and the surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.

[0050] According to the formula of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-5, the raw materials were mixed evenly to obtain a bio-based plant active fuel additive, and a performance test was performed using a vegetable oil obtained by mixing palm oil, soybean oil and castor oil in a mass ratio of 1:5:3 as a blank group. The test results are shown in Table 1: (1) Determination of low temperature fluidity Cold filter plugging point, condensation point and kinematic viscosity are used to characterize the low-temperature fluidity of bio-based plant active fuel additives. The measurement method of cold filter plugging point is based on "SH / T 0248-2006 Determination of cold filter plugging point of biodiesel and civil heating oil"; the measurement method of condensation point is based on GB / T 510-1983 "Determination of condensation point of petroleum products"; the measurement method of kinematic viscosity is based on GB / T 265-1988 "Determination of kinematic viscosity of petroleum products and calculation method of dynamic viscosity".

[0051] (2) Determination of oxidation stability According to EN 14112-2003 "Determination of oxidative stability of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) - Accelerated oxidation method", the oxidative stability of bio-based plant active fuel additives is determined using the induction period method.

[0052] Table 1: As can be seen from the above table, the cold filter plugging point, condensation point and kinematic viscosity of the bio-based plant active fuel additives obtained in Examples 1 to 7 are lower than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 and the blank group, and the induction period is longer, which fully demonstrates that the low-temperature fluidity and oxidation stability of the bio-based plant active fuel additive of the present invention are significantly improved, and has broad application prospects.

[0053] Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1 to Comparative Examples 3, it is shown that the ternary polymer synthesized with tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole as monomers is a pour point depressant, which is more helpful in improving the low-temperature crystallization behavior of wax crystals than the binary polymer, so that the time for the bio-based plant active fuel additive to completely lose fluidity is delayed, and it still has good fluidity at low temperatures.

[0054] Comparative Example 1, Example 4-Example 7 show that using a mixture of butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipids as an antioxidant is more conducive to reducing the deterioration process of vegetable oil, prolonging the induction period, and improving the antioxidant performance of the bio-based plant active fuel additive than using two components as antioxidants; and the three components can also reduce the cold filter point, condensation point and kinematic viscosity of the bio-based plant active fuel additive to a certain extent compared with the two components, indicating that the antioxidant of the present invention helps to improve the low-temperature fluidity of the fuel additive.

[0055] Comparison of Example 1, Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 5 and the blank group shows that the pour point depressant and the antioxidant of the present invention interact and assist each other, thereby greatly improving the low temperature fluidity and oxidation stability of the bio-based plant active fuel additive.

[0056] The bio-based plant active fuel additive obtained in Example 1 was added to 10# heavy diesel at a mass ratio of 1:400 and mixed evenly to obtain a bio-based plant active fuel. The performance test was performed. The test results are shown in Table 2: (1) Determination of low temperature fluidity Cold filter plugging point, condensation point and kinematic viscosity are used to characterize the low-temperature fluidity of bio-based plant active fuel and 10# heavy diesel. The measurement method of cold filter plugging point is based on "SH / T 0248-2006 Determination of cold filter plugging point of biodiesel and civil heating oil"; the measurement method of condensation point is based on GB / T 510-1983 "Determination of condensation point of petroleum products"; the measurement method of kinematic viscosity is based on GB / T 265-1988 "Determination of kinematic viscosity of petroleum products and calculation method of dynamic viscosity" (2) Determination of calorific value The calorific value of bio-based plant active fuel and 10# heavy diesel was determined according to the method of GB / T 384-1981 “Determination of calorific value of petroleum products”.

[0057] Table 2: It can be seen from the above table that the bio-based plant active fuel agent of the present invention can reduce the cold filter point, condensation point and kinematic viscosity of the base oil, increase the calorific value of the base oil, greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the base oil, and expand the application scope of the bio-based plant active fuel.

[0058] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the above disclosed technical content to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-based plant active fuel additive, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of vegetable oil, 10-20 parts of pour point depressant, 2-8 parts of antioxidant and 1-5 parts of surfactant; The pour point depressant is obtained by polymerizing tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole.

2. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetable oil is one or more of palm oil, soybean oil, castor oil, jatropha oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and olive oil.

3. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the pour point depressant comprises the following steps: First, tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole are added to ethanol and fully dissolved, and then an azo initiator, a dispersant and a chain transfer agent are added and mixed evenly. Under the protection of inert gas, the temperature is raised to 50-70° C. and stirred for reaction for 8-12 hours. Then, the mixture is cooled, rotary evaporated, washed with ethanol and vacuum dried in sequence to obtain a pour point depressant.

4. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 3, characterized in that: The molar ratio of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole is 15:(1-2):(0.5-1).

5. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The azo initiator is one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile and dimethyl azobisisobutyrate; the mass of the azo initiator is 0.7-1% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole.

6. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dispersant is polyethylene glycol; the mass of the dispersant is 2-3% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate and N-vinyl carbazole.

7. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: The chain transfer agent is one or more of mercaptoethanol, n-butyl mercaptan, benzyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, tetradecyl mercaptan, and hexadecyl mercaptan; the mass of the chain transfer agent is 0.8-1.2% of the total mass of tetradecyl methacrylate, benzyl cinnamate, and N-vinyl carbazole.

8. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is one or more of butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid, and sophorolipids.

9. The bio-based plant active fuel additive according to claim 8, characterized in that: The antioxidant is obtained by mixing butylated hydroxyanisole, hydrogenated rosin acid and sophorolipid in a mass ratio of 2:6:

1.

10. A bio-based plant active fuel, characterized in that: It comprises a base oil with a mass ratio of (400-500):1 and the bio-based plant active fuel additive according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images