Screening and simple cultivation method for machine-harvested papermaking bamboo reed in northern area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly discloses a northern area machine-harvested papermaking bamboo reed screening and simple cultivation method, which comprises the following technical key points: bamboo reed variety screening, seed branch preservation, soil preparation, film mulching and drip irrigation tape laying, budding water dripping, seedling releasing, hole sealing, management after seedling emergence, harvesting and the like. By means of the method, the bamboo reed variety which is resistant to cold, high in yield and good in quality can be screened out, the germination rate is increased through the seed branch preservation method, the yield of the bamboo reed can be increased, and the method is suitable for cultivation of the bamboo reed in the northern area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for screening and lightly cultivating mechanized harvested papermaking reed bamboo in northern areas. Background Art

[0002] Arundodis ( Arundodonax L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Arundodon in the Poaceae family, distributed in South China, Southwest China, East China, Hunan, Jiangxi and other regions. Arundodon likes sufficient sunlight, tolerates semi-shade, likes warm and humid environment, is relatively cold-resistant, can be woven into various daily necessities, and the whole root can be used as a vegetable rack and fence, etc. It is also a raw material for papermaking and fiber, and has a high economic value. Arundodon is also planted in northern my country, but its selection and cultivation methods are unreasonable, which has caused a waste of resources to a certain extent. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems in the prior art and to provide a method for screening and lightly cultivating mechanized harvested papermaking reed bamboo in northern China.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is specifically achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for screening and lightly cultivating reed bamboo for mechanical harvesting and papermaking in northern China comprises the following steps: 1) Selection of Phragmites australis varieties suitable for papermaking in northern China Among the introduced Phragmites australis varieties, cold resistance, yield and quality are identified, and cold-resistant, high-yield and good-quality varieties are selected; 2) Cultivation methods of selected Phragmites australis varieties 2.1) Seed strip storage 2.1.1) When cutting seed strips, the soil temperature should be 2-4℃. Use branches with high degree of lignification, full maturity, uniform internode length, full buds, no virus, no pests or diseases as seed strips. Take the whole root, remove the tender shoots, and save the whole strip. The diameter of the seed strip should be 2-3cm. Tie the seed strips into bundles and place them in a cool place. Spray the collected seed strips with clean water to prevent water loss. 2.1.2) Seedling treatment: Treat the branches with 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur or 600 times diluted carbendazim and control water; 2.1.3) Storage of seed strips: dig a trench with a depth of 1.5 to 1.7 meters. The trench length is determined according to the number of seed strips, and the bundles of seed strips can be arranged and placed in the trench. The trench width is based on the length of the seed strips that can be placed in the trench. The two ends of the trench width are high at one end and low at the other end to facilitate water flow to the low place and prevent water accumulation. Dig a pit at the low end of the trench width, place wheat straw on the pit, and spread a layer of clean river sand on the bottom of the trench. Spread the bundles of seed strips flat in the trench, and place a bundle of straw every 3 to 5 meters along the length of the trench to increase air permeability; cover the seed strips with 50 cm thick wet sand, and then add soil to the wet sand to make ridges to prevent rain and snow from seeping into the trench and causing water accumulation and mildew in the seed strips; 2.2) Soil selection Choose a soil type that has good water retention properties; 2.3) Land preparation 2.4) Film covering and drip irrigation tape laying When the temperature reaches 6℃, take out the seed strips, dig trenches mechanically and plant them. The seed strips are laid flat in a 5cm deep trench, with a row spacing of 50cm+50cm and a plant spacing equal to the internode spacing of the seed strips. Then, lay a film on the trench and lay a drip irrigation tape between two rows. 2.5) Watering the sprouts, planting the seedlings, and sealing the holes 2.5.1) The temperature is low in spring, and the drip rate per mu is 15-20m 3 ; 2.5.2) After the Phragmites australis sprouts, break the film and plant the seedlings manually; 2.5.3) Sealing holes: Seal the holes promptly after planting the seedlings to preserve moisture and suppress weeds; 2.6) Post-emergence management 2.6.1) Water and fertilizer management After the seedlings emerge, water once every 7 to 10 days, with a dripping volume of 30 m3 per mu 3 , control water in mid-September to promote lignification of Phragmites australis branches, start topdressing when the seedlings are 20cm tall, and apply topdressing 2 to 3 times throughout the growing season, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later stage; 2.6.2) Field management When the Phyllostachys australis seedlings grow to 40cm in height, mechanical tillage is combined with mechanical root cutting and tillering treatment. Mechanical root cutting is performed once every 15 days for a total of three times. One strong main stem is left for each plant to ensure a single hole and a single plant, give full play to the advantages of a single plant, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. 2.6.3) Disease control When the Phyllostachys australis seedlings grow to 80cm in height, Bordeaux mixture is used to prevent diseases once. After 30 days, spray the pesticide once every 10 days for a total of three times. Spray difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, and carbendazim aqueous solution, and use them alternately to prevent and control diseases. 2.6.4) Pest control Aphid control: Use imidacloprid + spirotetramat as pesticide; Spider mites: Use 10 ml of 10% avermectin + 5 ml of 34% spirodiclofen or avermectin + clofentezine or avermectin + etoxazole or 20% avermectazole for spraying with aqueous solution. When choosing a spider mite killing combination, use the two agents alternately. 2.7) Harvest In autumn, the temperature drops to 0-2℃, the leaves of Phragmites australis turn yellow and stop growing. Phragmites australis is harvested mechanically, leaving 3-5cm stumps and mechanically covering the stubble to 10cm to ensure safe wintering.

[0005] Furthermore, the method for selecting papermaking Phragmites australis varieties in step 1) is as follows: 1.1) Cold resistance screening: cold resistance identification will be conducted on various varieties of Phragmites australis introduced from the south. The introduced Phragmites australis seedlings will be planted in March until the first frost arrives, when the temperature is 4-10℃, and the changes in leaf color of Phragmites australis will be observed. The varieties with yellow leaves first are not cold-resistant and will be screened out; 1.2) Yield screening: among the selected cold-resistant varieties of Phragmites australis, compare the yields and select the varieties with high yields; 1.3) Quality screening: The screening of Phragmites australis varieties mainly includes the following aspects 1.3.1) Fiber morphology: Compare the fiber length, fiber thickness and fiber distribution of different varieties of Phragmites australis, and select the Phragmites australis varieties with long fibers, thin fibers and uniform fiber distribution for pulp; 1.3.2) Fiber strength: Compare the tensile strength and bursting strength of different varieties of Phragmites australis, and select varieties with high tensile strength and bursting strength of Phragmites australis pulp; 1.3.3) Pulping performance: Compare the bleaching degree and pulp extraction rate of different varieties of Phragmites australis during pulping, and select the Phragmites australis varieties with high bleaching degree and high pulp extraction rate; 1.3.4) Impurity content: Compare the impurities of different varieties of reed pulp and select the varieties with less moisture, ash and gum in the pulp.

[0006] Furthermore, it is characterized in that, in step 2.1.1), the internode length is 15 to 25 cm; and every 50 to 60 seed strips are tied into a bundle.

[0007] Furthermore, it is characterized in that, in step 2.1.3), the width of the ditch decreases by 0.5 meters for every 10 meters, and the thickness of the river sand spread on the bottom of the ditch is 5 cm; the humidity of the wet sand covering the seed strips is controlled between 16% and 25%, and the temperature is maintained between -2 and 5°C.

[0008] Furthermore, it is characterized in that, in step 2.2), the soil type is heavy clay soil or loam, and sandy soil is not selected.

[0009] Furthermore, it is characterized in that in step 2.5.2), the spacing between seedlings is 15 to 25 cm between nodes.

[0010] Phragmites australis is rarely planted in northern my country. It is cold in winter, so frost damage should be prevented, and the plant should be covered with ice and snow. When the temperature warms up in early spring, the plant strips should be prevented from being soaked by water, and the plant strips are large in moisture and mildewed. Phragmites australis is hollow, so the plant strips should be prevented from losing water. The Phragmites australis cultivation method of the present invention ensures the budding rate of the Phragmites australis plant strips in a seed strip preservation method, and can improve the budding rate of the Phragmites australis plant strips by more than 15%; adopts a light and simplified cultivation technology, and mechanized root cutting and branch cutting can ensure that Phragmites australis can be planted on a large scale in northern regions, providing a basis for large-scale planting of Phragmites australis in northern regions; adopts a reasonable cultivation method, can form a ventilated and light-transmitting group structure, reduces production costs, and improves the quality and yield of Phragmites australis.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The invention discloses a method for screening and lightly cultivating reed bamboo for mechanized papermaking in northern regions, optimizes the cultivation of reed bamboo in northern regions from multiple aspects such as variety screening, seed strip preservation, soil selection, cultivation method, and management, and screens out cold-resistant, high-yield, and good-quality varieties. The seed strip preservation method can improve the germination rate of reed bamboo seed strips, reduce the mildew of seed strips, and increase the reed bamboo yield. Mechanized root cutting and tillering cutting are adopted, and the method is suitable for large-scale planting. The invention discloses a method for screening and cultivating reed bamboo for mechanized papermaking in northern regions, optimizes the cultivation of reed bamboo in northern regions from multiple aspects such as variety screening, seed strip preservation, soil selection, cultivation method, and management, and screens out cold-resistant, high-yield, and good-quality varieties. The seed strip preservation method can improve the germination rate of reed bamboo seed strips, reduce the mildew of seed strips, and increase the reed bamboo yield. The method adopts mechanized root cutting and tillering cutting, and is suitable for large-scale planting. The invention discloses a method for screening and cultivating reed bamboo for mechanized papermaking in northern regions, and optimizes the cultivation of reed bamboo in northern regions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0013] Example 1 A method for screening and lightly cultivating reed bamboo for mechanical harvesting and papermaking in northern China comprises the following steps: 1. Selection of Phragmites australis varieties suitable for papermaking in northern China Among the introduced Phragmites australis varieties, cold resistance, yield and quality are identified at the same time.

[0014] 1.1 Cold resistance screening: cold resistance identification will be conducted on various varieties of Phragmites australis introduced from the south. The introduced Phragmites australis seedlings will be planted in March until the first frost comes, when the temperature is 4-10℃, and the changes in leaf color of Phragmites australis will be observed. The varieties with yellow leaves first are not cold-resistant varieties, and the non-cold-resistant varieties will be screened out; 1.2 Yield screening: among the selected cold-resistant varieties of Phragmites australis, compare the yields and select the varieties with high yields; 1.3 Quality screening: Phyllostachys australis pulp is a raw material suitable for producing high-grade paper such as toilet paper, napkin paper and drawing paper. The quality screening of Phyllostachys australis varieties mainly includes the following aspects: 1.3.1 Fiber morphology: Compare the fiber length, fiber thickness and fiber distribution of different varieties of Phragmites australis, and select the Phragmites australis varieties with long fibers, thin fibers and uniform fiber distribution for pulp; 1.3.2 Fiber strength: Compare the tensile strength and bursting strength of different varieties of Phragmites australis, and select varieties with high tensile strength and bursting strength of Phragmites australis pulp; 1.3.3 Pulping performance: Compare the bleaching degree and pulp extraction rate of different varieties of Phragmites australis during pulping, and select the Phragmites australis varieties with high bleaching degree and high pulp extraction rate; 1.3.4 Impurity content: Compare the impurities of different varieties of reed pulp and select the varieties with less impurities such as moisture, ash, and colloid in the pulp; By comparing the above standards, we can select varieties that are cold-resistant, high-yield and good-quality; 2. Cultivation method of selected Phragmites australis varieties 2.1 Types of strips saved 2.1.1 When cutting the seed strips, the soil temperature should be 2-4℃. The branches with high degree of lignification, full maturity, uniform and moderate internode length (15-25cm), full buds, free of viruses, diseases and insect damage should be used as seed strips. The whole root should be removed, and the tender shoots should be removed. The whole strip should be preserved. The diameter of the seed strips should be 2-3cm. Every 50-60 seed strips should be tied into a bundle. The collected seed strips should be placed in a cool place and sprayed with clean water to prevent water loss. 2.1.2 Strip treatment: Evenly spray the branches with 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur or 600 times diluted carbendazim, and then control the moisture; 2.1.3 Storage of seed strips: dig a trench with a depth of 1.5 to 1.7 meters. The trench length is determined according to the number of seed strips, and the bundles of seed strips can be arranged and placed in the trench. The trench width is based on the seed strips that can be placed in the trench. The two ends of the trench width are high at one end and low at the other end, so that water can flow to the small pit below and no water will accumulate. The drop is 0.5 meters for every 10 meters. Dig a small pit at the low end of the trench width, and place wheat straw on the small pit to prevent soil from filling the pit. First, spread a layer of 5 cm thick clean river sand at the bottom of the trench to facilitate drainage. Spread the bundles of seed strips flat in the trench, and place a bundle of straw every 3 to 5 meters along the length of the trench to increase air permeability and prevent mildew. Cover the seed strips with 50 cm thick wet sand to prevent the seed strips from losing water. The humidity of the wet sand is controlled between 16% and 25%, and the temperature is maintained between -2 and 5℃. Then, add soil and build ridges on the wet sand to prevent rain and snow from seeping into the trench and causing water accumulation and mildew in the seed strips. 2.2 Soil selection Choose a soil type with good water retention performance. Heavy clay soil and loam are both acceptable. Sandy soil is not suitable. 2.3 Land preparation Strictly prepare the land, level it, and break it up to make it easier for the strips to contact the soil and not lose moisture easily; 2.4 Covering with film and laying drip irrigation tape When the temperature reaches 6℃, take out the seed strips, dig trenches mechanically and plant them. The seed strips are laid flat in a 5cm deep trench, with a row spacing of 50cm+50cm and a plant spacing equal to the internode spacing of the seed strips. Then, lay a film on the trench and lay a drip irrigation tape between two rows. 2.5 drops of germination water, seedling placement, and hole sealing 2.5.1 The temperature is low in spring, and the drip rate per mu is 15-20m 3 ; 2.5.2 After the Phyllostachys australis sprouts, break the film and plant the seedlings manually, with the spacing between nodes being 15 to 25 cm; 2.5.3 Sealing holes: Seal the holes in time after planting the seedlings to preserve moisture and suppress weeds; 2.6 Management after germination 2.6.1 Water and fertilizer management After the seedlings emerge, water once every 7 to 10 days, with a dripping volume of 30 m3 per mu 3 , control water in mid-September to promote lignification of Phragmites australis branches, start topdressing when the seedlings are 20cm tall, and apply topdressing 2 to 3 times throughout the growing season, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later stage; 2.6.2 Field management When the Phyllostachys australis seedlings grow to 40cm in height, mechanical tillage is combined with mechanical root cutting and tillering treatment. Mechanical root cutting is performed once every 15 days for a total of three times. One strong main stem is left for each plant to ensure a single hole and a single plant, give full play to the advantages of a single plant, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. 2.6.3 Disease prevention and control When the Phyllostachys australis seedlings grow to 80cm in height, Bordeaux mixture is used to prevent diseases once. After 30 days, the pesticide is sprayed once every 10 days, for a total of three times. The aqueous solutions of difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, carbendazim and other pesticides are sprayed alternately to prevent and control diseases. 2.6.4 Pest control Aphid control: Use imidacloprid + spirotetramat as the pesticide (use according to the instructions of the drug); Spider mites: Use 10 ml of 10% avermectin + 5 ml of 34% spirodiclofen or avermectin + clofentezine or avermectin + etoxazole or 20% avermectazole for spraying with aqueous solution. When choosing a spider mite killing combination, use the two agents alternately. 2.7 Harvest In autumn, the temperature drops to 0-2℃, the leaves of Phragmites australis turn yellow and stop growing. Phragmites australis is harvested mechanically, leaving 3-5cm stumps and mechanically covering the stubble to 10cm to ensure safe wintering.

[0015] The invention discloses a method for selecting and lightly cultivating mechanized papermaking Phragmites for northern regions. The method first selects Phragmites varieties with cold resistance, high yield and good quality. The seed strip preservation method can increase the budding rate by more than 15%. The lightly cultivated technology is adopted, and the root cutting and branch cutting are mechanically performed. The method is suitable for large-scale planting in the northeast, north China, northwest and other regions with cold winters.

[0016] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for screening and light cultivation of mechanically harvested papermaking reed in northern China, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Selection of Phragmites australis varieties suitable for papermaking in northern China Among the introduced Phragmites australis varieties, cold resistance, yield and quality are identified, and cold-resistant, high-yield and good-quality varieties are selected; 2) Cultivation methods of selected Phragmites australis varieties 2.1) Seed strip storage 2.1.1) When cutting seed strips, the soil temperature should be 2-4℃. Use branches with high degree of lignification, full maturity, uniform internode length, full buds, no virus, no pests or diseases as seed strips. Take the whole root, remove the tender shoots, and save the whole strip. The diameter of the seed strip should be 2-3cm. Tie the seed strips into bundles and place them in a cool place. Spray the collected seed strips with clean water to prevent water loss. 2.1.2) Seedling treatment: Treat the branches with 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur or 600 times diluted carbendazim and control water; 2.1.3) Storage of seed strips: dig a trench with a depth of 1.5 to 1.7 meters. The trench length is determined according to the number of seed strips, and the bundles of seed strips can be arranged and placed in the trench. The trench width is based on the length of the seed strips that can be placed in the trench. The two ends of the trench width are high at one end and low at the other end to facilitate water flow to the low place and prevent water accumulation. Dig a pit at the low end of the trench width, place wheat straw on the pit, and spread a layer of clean river sand on the bottom of the trench. Spread the bundles of seed strips flat in the trench, and place a bundle of straw every 3 to 5 meters along the length of the trench to increase air permeability; cover the seed strips with 50 cm thick wet sand, and then add soil to the wet sand to make ridges to prevent rain and snow from seeping into the trench and causing water accumulation and mildew in the seed strips; 2.2) Soil selection Choose a soil type that has good water retention properties; 2.3) Land preparation 2.4) Film covering and drip irrigation tape laying When the temperature reaches 6℃, take out the seed strips, dig trenches mechanically and plant them. The seed strips are laid flat in a 5cm deep trench, with a row spacing of 50cm+50cm and a plant spacing equal to the internode spacing of the seed strips. Then, lay a film on the trench and lay a drip irrigation tape between two rows. 2.5) Watering the sprouts, planting the seedlings, and sealing the holes 2.5.1) The temperature is low in spring, and the drip rate per mu is 15-20m 3 ; 2.5.2) After the Phragmites australis sprouts, break the film and plant the seedlings manually; 2.5.3) Sealing holes: Seal the holes promptly after planting the seedlings to preserve moisture and suppress weeds; 2.6) Post-emergence management 2.6.1) Water and fertilizer management After the seedlings emerge, water once every 7 to 10 days, with a dripping volume of 30 m3 per mu 3 , control water in mid-September to promote lignification of Phragmites australis branches, start topdressing when the seedlings are 20cm tall, and apply topdressing 2 to 3 times throughout the growing season, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later stage; 2.6.2) Field management When the Phyllostachys australis seedlings grow to 40cm in height, mechanical tillage is combined with mechanical root cutting and tillering treatment. Mechanical root cutting is performed once every 15 days for a total of three times. One strong main stem is left for each plant to ensure a single hole and a single plant, give full play to the advantages of a single plant, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. 2.6.3) Disease control When the Phyllostachys australis seedlings grow to 80cm in height, Bordeaux mixture is used to prevent diseases once. After 30 days, spray the pesticide once every 10 days for a total of three times. Spray difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, and carbendazim aqueous solution, and use them alternately to prevent and control diseases. 2.6.4) Pest control Aphid control: Use imidacloprid + spirotetramat as pesticide; Spider mites: Use 10 ml of 10% avermectin + 5 ml of 34% spirodiclofen or avermectin + clofentezine or avermectin + etoxazole or 20% avermectazole for spraying with aqueous solution. When choosing a spider mite killing combination, use the two agents alternately. 2.7) Harvest In autumn, the temperature drops to 0-2℃, the leaves of Phragmites australis turn yellow and stop growing. Phragmites australis is harvested mechanically, leaving 3-5cm stumps and mechanically covering the stubble to 10cm to ensure safe wintering.

2. The method for selecting and lightly cultivating Phragmites australis for mechanized papermaking in northern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for selecting papermaking Phragmites australis varieties in step 1) is as follows: 1.1) Cold resistance screening: cold resistance identification will be conducted on various varieties of Phragmites australis introduced from the south. The introduced Phragmites australis seedlings will be planted in March until the first frost arrives, when the temperature is 4-10℃, and the changes in leaf color of Phragmites australis will be observed. The varieties with yellow leaves first are not cold-resistant and will be screened out; 1.2) Yield screening: among the selected cold-resistant varieties of Phragmites australis, compare the yields and select the varieties with high yields; 1.3) Quality screening: The screening of Phragmites australis varieties mainly includes the following aspects 1.3.1) Fiber morphology: Compare the fiber length, fiber thickness and fiber distribution of different varieties of Phragmites australis, and select the Phragmites australis varieties with long fibers, thin fibers and uniform fiber distribution for pulp; 1.3.2) Fiber strength: Compare the tensile strength and bursting strength of different varieties of Phragmites australis, and select varieties with high tensile strength and bursting strength of Phragmites australis pulp; 1.3.3) Pulping performance: Compare the bleaching degree and pulp extraction rate of different varieties of Phragmites australis during pulping, and select the Phragmites australis varieties with high bleaching degree and high pulp extraction rate; 1.3.4) Impurity content: Compare the impurities of different varieties of reed pulp and select the varieties with less moisture, ash and gum in the pulp.

3. The method for selecting and lightly cultivating Phragmites australis for mechanized papermaking in northern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.1.1), the internode length is 15 to 25 cm; every 50 to 60 seed strips are tied into a bundle.

4. The method for selecting and lightly cultivating Phragmites australis for mechanized papermaking in northern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.1.3), the width of the trench drops by 0.5 meters for every 10 meters, and the thickness of the river sand spread on the bottom of the trench is 5 cm; the humidity of the wet sand covering the seed strips is controlled between 16% and 25%, and the temperature is maintained between -2 and 5°C.

5. The method for selecting and lightly cultivating Phragmites australis for mechanized papermaking in northern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.2), the soil type is heavy clay soil or loam, and sandy soil is not used.

6. The method for selecting and lightly cultivating Phragmites australis for mechanized papermaking in northern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.5.2), the spacing between seedlings is 15 to 25 cm between nodes.