Sunlight illumination system diffuser arrangement method for relieving tunnel visual impairment

Abstract

The invention provides a sunlight illumination system diffuser arrangement method for relieving tunnel visual impairment, and relates to the technical field of tunnel sunlight illumination. The installation design method of the diffuser comprises the following steps: calculating the total luminous flux required when the tunnel meets the illumination requirement; calculating the size and the mounting position of a first diffuser at the tunnel portal; according to the size and the installation position of the first diffuser, the column number of diffusers in the tunnel and the size and the installation position of the diffuser adjacent to the first diffuser are calculated; and repeating the operation to calculate the sizes and installation positions of all diffusers required by the tunnel. According to the invention, the defects of large potential safety hazard and large power taking and utilization project amount of the existing tunnel lighting technology are overcome, and the size and the installation position of the diffuser of the sunlight lighting system are accurately calculated, so that the guided sunlight is uniformly distributed; visual obstacles such as black and white hole effect or dazzle light generated when a driver drives in the tunnel due to light concentration or insufficiency are avoided, and the driving safety in the tunnel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sunlight illumination in tunnels, and in particular to a method for arranging diffusers of a sunlight illumination system for alleviating visual obstruction in tunnels. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel lighting is very important. It can improve the visual condition of the road surface in the tunnel, reduce driver fatigue, and improve the tunnel's traffic capacity, especially at the entrance and exit of the tunnel. Good tunnel lighting can also improve the "black and white hole effect" and ensure tunnel traffic safety. Determining the installation position of the lighting facilities in the tunnel so that the lighting light is evenly distributed can help the driver maintain a clear judgment of the road conditions and ensure the safety and visibility of the tunnel.

[0003] The existing tunnel lighting facilities, whether traditional electric lighting systems or solar light guide lighting systems, are installed at equal intervals, and there is no reasonable layout method designed according to actual lighting needs. Therefore, in actual lighting, the area between two adjacent lighting facilities often has overlapping lighting or no lighting, which causes the lighting in the tunnel to be too concentrated or insufficient, resulting in obvious changes in light and dark, and easily causing visual obstacles such as "black and white hole effect" or glare effect to the driver, which poses a serious safety threat to drivers and vehicles driving in the tunnel. Moreover, the lighting system with dimming equipment only adjusts the light intensity, and does not adjust the lighting area, and cannot make the light evenly distributed. For the areas in the tunnel that are not illuminated, electric lighting systems are still needed for supplementary lighting. However, for remote tunnels and tunnels with complex geological structures, the amount of engineering work to obtain and use electricity is very difficult and huge. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to evenly distribute sunlight on the tunnel road surface. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for arranging diffusers of a sunlight lighting system for alleviating visual obstruction in tunnels, which solves the problem that the prior tunnel lighting technology cannot evenly distribute the lighting light in the tunnel, and the method specifically includes the following contents:

[0005] A method for arranging a diffuser of a sunlight lighting system for alleviating tunnel visual obstruction, wherein the installation design method of the diffuser comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1, based on the length of the tunnel S and the actual brightness outside the tunnel L 2O (S), calculate the total luminous flux Φ required to meet the lighting needs in the tunnel;

[0007] S2. Calculate the size l1 and installation position X1 of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance. The specific steps are as follows:

[0008] S2-1. Calculate the number of diffuser rows required in the tunnel based on the tunnel width and the maximum width of the diffuser illumination:

[0009]

[0010] Where, t is the number of diffuser rows required in the tunnel; W is the tunnel width (m); b is the maximum width of the diffuser illumination (m);

[0011] S2-2. Calculate the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance based on the diffuser installation angle, the diffuser's maximum diffusion angle, the tunnel height, the required illumination intensity of the lighting section where the diffuser is located, and the attenuation coefficient of light propagating in a straight line in the air:

[0012]

[0013] Wherein, y1 is the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance (m); α and β are the angles between the boundary of the maximum diffusion angle of the diffuser and the normal of the road surface (°); γ is the angle between the diffuser and the bottom of the square light guide (°); H is the vertical distance from the bottom of the square light guide to the road surface (m); E1 is the required illumination intensity of the lighting section where the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance is located (lx); d is the height of the square light guide (m); Φ is the total luminous flux required by the tunnel (lm); MF1 is the light attenuation coefficient of the lighting section where the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance is located;

[0014] S2-3. Calculate the horizontal distance between the top of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance and the tunnel entrance:

[0015] x1=(y1+H)tanα

[0016] Where x1 is the horizontal distance from the top of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance to the tunnel entrance (m);

[0017] S2-4. Calculate the size and installation position of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance based on the installation angle of the first diffuser and the calculated vertical distance and horizontal angle:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] Where l1 is the size of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance (m); X1 is the distance from the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance to the tunnel entrance (m);

[0021] S3. Based on the determined size and installation position of the first diffuser, the calculation steps of the size l2 and installation position x2 of the adjacent diffuser are as follows:

[0022] S3-1. Calculate the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the second diffuser using the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] Wherein, y2 is the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the second diffuser at the tunnel entrance (m); E2 is the required illumination intensity of the illumination section where the second diffuser is located (lx); MF2 is the light attenuation coefficient of the illumination section where the second diffuser is located;

[0025] S3-2. Calculate the horizontal distance between the top of the first diffuser and the top of the second diffuser using the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] Where x2 is the horizontal distance between the top of the second diffuser and the top of the first diffuser (m);

[0028] S3-3. Calculate the size of the second diffuser and its installation position. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] Where l2 is the size of the second diffuser (m); X2 is the distance from the bottom of the second diffuser to the tunnel entrance (m);

[0032] S4. Repeat step S3 to calculate the size of the nth diffuser and its installation position.

[0033] Preferably, the specific calculation of step S4 is as follows:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] Among them, l n is the size of the nth diffuser (m); X n is the distance from the bottom of the nth diffuser to the tunnel entrance (m).

[0037] Preferably, the tunnel sunlight lighting system comprises: a reflective light collector, a reflective light collector, a reflector, a square light pipe and a diffuser.

[0038] The present invention provides a method for arranging diffusers of a sunlight lighting system for alleviating tunnel visual obstruction, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0039] (1) The present invention provides a method for arranging diffusers of a sunlight lighting system for alleviating visual obstruction in tunnels. Compared with the equidistant installation method of a traditional tunnel lighting system, the present invention accurately and reliably calculates the size and installation position of the diffuser of the sunlight guide lighting system in the tunnel according to the actual lighting requirements of each section in the tunnel, the actual situation of the area where the tunnel is located, and the actual design and use of the tunnel, thereby ensuring the uniformity and continuity of the lighting effect, avoiding the light brightness changes caused by the equidistant installation of lighting facilities, which may cause visual obstructions such as the "black and white hole effect" or glare effect to the driver, reducing the safety hazards in the tunnel and providing a better driving environment for the driver;

[0040] (2) This method determines the size and installation position of the diffuser of the tunnel solar light guide lighting system, so that the tunnel can achieve uniform lighting of the road surface in the tunnel through the solar light guide lighting system, without the need to use the electric lighting system for supplementary lighting, which is in line with the development concept of green environmental protection and greatly promotes the application of tunnel solar light lighting system in tunnel construction;

[0041] (3) Through system design, compared with electric lighting and other solar light-guiding lighting systems, this method does not require the use of other control facilities to adjust the diffuser light, taking into account the economy of long-term operation and the convenience of maintenance, reducing operating costs and extending the service life of lighting equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the position of the first diffuser in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the positions of two adjacent diffusers in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the location of the overall diffuser of the tunnel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] In the figure: 1- square light guide, 2- diffuser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example:

[0048] Select the length S = 438m and the actual brightness L outside the tunnel 2O(S)=4500(cd / m 2 ) for a specific bidirectional tunnel, and design the transmitter installation:

[0049] (1) Calculate the total luminous flux Φ required to meet the lighting needs in the tunnel

[0050] ①Based on the lighting parking sight distance D S =95m and the opening clearance height h=5m, the length of each section of the entrance section is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] Among them, D th1 and D th2 They are respectively expressed as the length of inlet section 1 and inlet section 2 (m);

[0053] ② Based on the calculated entrance section length and tunnel operation design speed v t =80km / h The length of each section of the transition section is further calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Among them, D tr1 , D tr2 and D tr3 Denote the lengths of transition section 1, transition section 2 and transition section 3 (m), respectively. th1 and D th2 are the lengths of inlet section 1 and inlet section 2, respectively (m);

[0058] The remaining length of the tunnel is the length of the middle section D in (m);

[0059] ③ Determine the required lighting area A for each section in the tunnel i , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0060] A i =D i ×W

[0061] Among them, A i The required lighting area for each section in the tunnel (m 2 ), D i is the calculated length of each section in the tunnel (m), W is the width of the road in the tunnel (m);

[0062] ④ Calculate the brightness L of each section of the entrance section based on the actual brightness outside the tunnel th1, L th2 , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0063] L th1 = k × L 20 (S)

[0064] L th2 =0.5×k×L 20 (S)

[0065] Among them, L th1 and L th2 Respectively represent the required lighting brightness of tunnel entrance section 1 and entrance section 2 (cd / m 2 ), L 20 (S) is the brightness outside the cave (cd / m 2 );k is the brightness reduction coefficient of the entrance section;

[0066] ⑤According to the calculated entrance brightness L th1 and L th2 , calculate the transition brightness L tr1 , L tr2 and L tr3 , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0067] L tr1 =0.15×L th1

[0068] L tr2 =0.05×L th1

[0069] L tr3 =0.15×L th1

[0070] Among them, L tr1 , L tr2 and L tr3 Respectively represent the required lighting brightness of tunnel transition section 1, transition section 2 and transition section 3 (cd / m 2 );

[0071] The brightness of the middle section is calculated based on the design speed and design traffic volume;

[0072] ⑥Convert the required brightness into lighting intensity E i , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0073] E i =c×L i

[0074] Among them, E i is the lighting intensity (lx); L i is the lighting brightness (cd / m 2); c is the conversion factor. When there is no actual measurement condition, the black asphalt road surface can be taken as 15lx / (cd / m 2 ), cement concrete pavement can take 10lx / (cd / m 2 );

[0075] ⑦According to the lighting area A required for each section of the tunnel i With the lighting intensity E i , calculate the required luminous flux Φ for each section in the tunnel i , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0076] Φ i =A i ×E i

[0077] The length of each lighting section of the tunnel, the required lighting brightness, the required lighting area, the required lighting intensity and the required lighting flux can be calculated. The specific data are shown in Table 1 below.

[0078] Table 1 Calculated lighting data required for each section of the tunnel

[0079]

[0080] ⑧ Taking the midpoint of transition section 2 as the boundary, calculate the total luminous flux Φ required for entrance section 1, entrance section 2, transition section 1 and part of the transition section 2 tunnel according to the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] Calculated Φ = 889345.52 lm;

[0083] (2) Figure 1 As shown, according to the diffuser installation angle, the diffuser maximum diffusion angle, the tunnel height, the required illumination intensity of the lighting section where the diffuser is located, and the attenuation coefficient of light propagating in a straight line in the air, the calculation steps for the size l1 and installation position X1 of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance are as follows:

[0084] ① According to the tunnel width W = 17m and the maximum width of diffuser illumination b = 8m, calculate the number of diffuser rows required in the tunnel:

[0085]

[0086] Where t is the number of diffuser rows required in the tunnel;

[0087] Calculated t = 2 rows;

[0088] ② According to the diffuser installation angle, the diffuser's maximum diffusion angle, the tunnel height, the required illumination intensity of the lighting section where the diffuser is located, and the attenuation coefficient of light propagating in a straight line in the air, calculate the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance:

[0089]

[0090] Wherein, y1 is the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance (m); α and β are the angles between the boundary of the maximum diffusion angle of the diffuser and the normal of the road surface (°); γ is the installation angle of the diffuser (°); α, β, and γ are all 45°; H is the vertical distance from the lowest end of the light guide to the road surface, 4m; E1 is the required illumination intensity of the lighting section where the first diffuser is located, 607.5lx; d is the height of the light guide, 1m; Φ is the total luminous flux required for the tunnel (lm); MF1 is the light attenuation coefficient of the lighting section where the diffuser is located;

[0091] Calculated y1 = 0.096m;

[0092] ③ Calculate the horizontal distance between the top of the first diffuser and the tunnel entrance. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0093] x1=(y1+H)tanα

[0094] Calculated x1 = 4.096m;

[0095] ④ According to the installation angle of the first diffuser and the calculated vertical and horizontal distances, calculate the size and installation position of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance:

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Where l1 is the size of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance (m); X1 is the distance from the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance to the tunnel entrance (m);

[0099] The calculation results show that l1 = 0.136m, X1 = 4.232m;

[0100] (3) Figure 2 As shown, according to the determined size and installation position of the first diffuser, the calculation steps of the size l2 and installation position X2 of the adjacent diffuser are as follows;

[0101] ① Calculate the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the second diffuser using the following formula:

[0102]

[0103] Wherein, E2 is the required illumination intensity (lx) of the illumination section where the second diffuser is located; MF2 is the light attenuation coefficient of the illumination section where the second diffuser is located;

[0104] Calculated y2 = 0.098m;

[0105] ② Calculate the horizontal distance between the top of the first diffuser and the top of the second diffuser. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Where x2 is the horizontal distance between the top of the second diffuser and the top of the first diffuser (m);

[0108] Calculated x2 = 8.100m;

[0109] ③Calculate the size of the second diffuser and its installation position. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Where l2 is the size of the second diffuser (m); X2 is the distance from the bottom of the second diffuser to the tunnel entrance (m);

[0113] The calculation results show that l2 = 0.139m, X2 = 12.295m;

[0114] (4) Repeat step S3 to calculate the sizes and installation locations of all diffusers required for the tunnel.

[0115] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging diffusers in a sunlight lighting system for alleviating tunnel visual impairment, characterized in that: The installation design method of the diffuser comprises the following steps: S1, based on the length of the tunnel S and the actual brightness outside the tunnel L 2O (S), calculate the total luminous flux Φ required to meet the lighting needs in the tunnel; S2. Calculate the size l1 and installation position X1 of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance. The specific steps are as follows: S2-1. Calculate the number of diffuser rows required in the tunnel based on the tunnel width and the maximum width of the diffuser illumination: Where, t is the number of diffuser rows required in the tunnel; W is the tunnel width (m); b is the maximum width of the diffuser illumination (m); S2-2. Calculate the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance based on the diffuser installation angle, the diffuser's maximum diffusion angle, the tunnel height, the required illumination intensity of the lighting section where the diffuser is located, and the attenuation coefficient of light propagating in a straight line in the air: Wherein, y1 is the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance (m); α and β are the angles between the boundary of the maximum diffusion angle of the diffuser and the normal of the road surface (°); γ is the angle between the diffuser and the bottom of the square light guide (°); H is the vertical distance from the bottom of the square light guide to the road surface (m); E1 is the required illumination intensity of the lighting section where the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance is located (lx); d is the height of the square light guide (m); Φ is the total luminous flux required by the tunnel (lm); MF1 is the light attenuation coefficient of the lighting section where the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance is located; S2-3. Calculate the horizontal distance between the top of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance and the tunnel entrance: x1=(y1+H)tanα Where x1 is the horizontal distance from the top of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance to the tunnel entrance (m); S2-4. Calculate the size and installation position of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance based on the installation angle of the first diffuser and the calculated vertical distance and horizontal angle: Where l1 is the size of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance (m); X1 is the distance from the bottom of the first diffuser at the tunnel entrance to the tunnel entrance (m); S3. Based on the determined size and installation position of the first diffuser, the calculation steps of the size l2 and installation position x2 of the adjacent diffuser are as follows: S3-1. Calculate the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the second diffuser using the following formula: Wherein, y2 is the vertical distance from the top to the bottom of the second diffuser at the tunnel entrance (m); E2 is the required illumination intensity of the illumination section where the second diffuser is located (lx); MF2 is the light attenuation coefficient of the illumination section where the second diffuser is located; S3-2. Calculate the horizontal distance between the top of the first diffuser and the top of the second diffuser using the following formula: Where x2 is the horizontal distance between the top of the second diffuser and the top of the first diffuser (m); S3-3. Calculate the size of the second diffuser and its installation position. The calculation formula is as follows: Where l2 is the size of the second diffuser (m); X2 is the distance from the bottom of the second diffuser to the tunnel entrance (m); S4. Repeat step S3 to calculate the size of the nth diffuser and its installation position.

2. The method for arranging diffusers of a sunlight lighting system for alleviating tunnel visual impairment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific calculation of step S4 is as follows: Among them, l n is the size of the nth diffuser (m); X n is the distance from the bottom of the nth diffuser to the tunnel entrance (m).

3. The method for arranging diffusers of a sunlight lighting system for alleviating tunnel visual impairment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel sunlight lighting system comprises: a reflective light collector, a reflective light collector, a reflector, a square light guide tube and a diffuser.

Images