Base material for pholiota nameko cultivation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a base material for pholiota nameko cultivation and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. The base material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 46-65% of forest waste, 28-45% of acanthopanax dregs, 2-3% of lime, 1-2% of gypsum, 2-3% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5-1.5% of monopotassium phosphate. Forest waste and acanthopanax dregs are used as main materials of the cultivation base material, sufficient nutritional ingredients are provided for development of pholiota nameko, and growth of pholiota nameko sporocarp is promoted. All the components in the cultivation base material are mixed according to a specific proportion and sequence, a proper pH value in the whole pholiota nameko cultivation process is guaranteed, pollution of infectious microbes is reduced, meanwhile, the advantages of the base material are brought into play to the maximum extent through forest waste and acanthopanax residues, sufficient nutritional ingredients are provided for growth and development of pholiota nameko, and the pholiota nameko cultivation base material is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The fruiting period can be shortened, and meanwhile, the effect of improving the yield of middle-end-crop mushrooms can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a base material for Pleurotus eryngii cultivation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nameko, also known as Pholiotanamekio, belongs to Fungi, Basidiomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Cortinariaceae, and Pholiotanamekio. It is a rare species, and its main production areas are northern Hebei, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, etc. Nameko is a nutritious edible fungus, rich in glutamic acid, guanylic acid, B vitamins, and various minerals. It is a kind of healthy food with high dietary fiber and protein content and low fat content. It has multiple medicinal effects such as antibacterial, cholesterol-lowering, and improving digestion and absorption.

[0003] At present, the main raw material for the cultivation of nameko mushrooms is hard wood chips, supplemented with wheat bran, lime and some additives. As the raw materials for cultivation are becoming less and less, the cultivation yield, cultivation area and environmental conditions are limited and cannot meet the market demand. In addition, the fruiting cycle of nameko mushrooms is generally long, and the yield of the first 1 to 2 crops accounts for a large proportion of the total yield. The middle and last crops of mushrooms often have a large decline in the yield of mushrooms due to the depletion of nutrients in the cultivation substrate in the late stage of fruiting, thus reducing the overall yield of mushrooms. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a base material for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, shorten the production cycle of Pleurotus eryngii, and at the same time increase the average yield during the fruiting period.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a base material for the cultivation of nameko mushrooms, which comprises the following components by weight percentage: 46-65% of forest waste, 28-45% of acanthopanax senticosus residue, 2-3% of lime, 1-2% of gypsum, 2-3% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5-1.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0007] Furthermore, the forest waste is discarded branches and leaves of mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests.

[0008] Furthermore, the forest waste is treated by stacking and fermentation.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the base material, which comprises adding lime and gypsum to Acanthopanax senticosus residue by weight percentage, and then sequentially adding forest waste, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stirring evenly to obtain a mixed material, bagging, and then sterilizing and cooling to obtain the base material.

[0010] Furthermore, the water content of the mixed material before bagging is 60-70%.

[0011] Furthermore, the sterilization temperature is 99° C. and the time is 8 hours.

[0012] Furthermore, the forest waste is piled and fermented with a composting agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the stacking fermentation time is 5 to 7 days.

[0014] The invention also provides application of the base material in shortening the cultivation period of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0015] The invention also provides application of the base material in improving the cultivation yield of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0016] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0017] The invention uses forest waste and Acanthopanax senticosus residue as the main materials of the cultivation base material, provides sufficient nutrients for the development of Pleurotus eryngii, and promotes the growth of Pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies. The components in the cultivation base material are mixed according to a specific ratio and sequence to ensure a more suitable pH value in the entire Pleurotus eryngii cultivation process, thereby reducing the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria.

[0018] The present invention pre-treats and accurately proportions the cultivation raw materials, so that the forest waste and Acanthopanax senticosus residue can maximize the matrix advantages, provide sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of Pleurotus eryngii, and can achieve the effect of shortening the fruiting period while increasing the yield of mid- and late-season mushrooms, thereby increasing the average yield within the fruiting period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0021] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0022] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0023] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0024] The Acanthopanax senticosus residues used in the embodiments of the present invention are discarded residues and waste materials discarded by pharmaceutical factories, and the forest wastes are discarded branches and leaves collected after tending and felling of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed plantations.

[0025] (1) Material pretreatment

[0026] After the forest waste is crushed, it is piled and fermented with straw compost for 5 to 7 days and set aside.

[0027] (2) Preparation of cultivation base material

[0028] The components and mass percentages of the Pleurotus eryngii cultivation substrates in Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.

[0029] Table 1 Formula of the cultivation substrate of Pleurotus eryngii in Examples 1 to 3

[0030]

[0031] According to the above weight percentage, lime and gypsum are added to the Acanthopanax senticosus residue. Under this weight ratio, the pH value of the Acanthopanax senticosus residue can reach 7-8, thereby achieving the effect of inhibiting the growth of miscellaneous bacteria;

[0032] The fermented forest waste is mixed with the Acanthopanax senticosus residue to which lime and gypsum have been added, and magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added according to the above weight percentages and mixed well to prepare a cultivation base material, and the water content of the cultivation base material is controlled to be 60-70%;

[0033] The prepared cultivation base material is divided into plastic bags by a punching bagging machine, and the filled material bags are covered with cotton-free collars to form cultivation bags.

[0034] (3) Normal pressure sterilization

[0035] Sterilize the cultivation bags at normal pressure, place them in plastic baskets, load them onto a truck and push them into the sterilizer. Steam will come out from the bottom of the sterilizer and the temperature will reach 99°C. The timing will last for 8 hours.

[0036] (4) Cooling

[0037] Push the sterilized cultivation bags into the pre-cooling room and use the refrigeration unit to cool them down to below 30℃.

[0038] (5) Vaccination

[0039] Routine aseptic operation; the inoculation amount of the strain is one branch strain in each cultivation bag. First, open the cotton-free collar cover, insert a branch strain, seal the cover, and move it into the culture room for germination.

[0040] (6) Mycelium culture

[0041] The inoculated mushroom sticks were moved to the culture room to culture mycelium for 30 days.

[0042] The cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii was carried out according to the cultivation method of Examples 1-3, and the average weight of the fungus bag before inoculation, the time from inoculation to the mycelium filling the fungus bag, and the average length of the mycelium at 20 days after inoculation were recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 2 Growth results of Pleurotus eryngii mycelium

[0044]

[0045] The fruiting period of Pleurotus eryngii in Examples 1 to 3, the number of harvested crops and the average yield during the entire fruiting period are shown in Table 3.

[0046] Table 3 Fruiting cycle, harvesting number and average yield of Pleurotus eryngii

[0047]

[0048] As shown in Tables 2 to 3, when the cultivation substrates of Examples 1 to 3 are used to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii, the mycelium can grow all over the mushroom bag in about 22 to 24 days, and the average length of the mycelium can reach more than 6 cm in 20 days.

[0049] Test example

[0050] On the basis of Example 1, the ratio of forest waste and Acanthopanax senticosus residue in the cultivation base was adjusted as shown in Table 4, and other components remained unchanged. The same cultivation method was used to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii, and the time for mycelium to fill the bag, the average length of mycelium at 20 days after inoculation, the average yield during the fruiting period, and the fruiting period were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the combination of fermented forest waste and Acanthopanax senticosus residue within a certain ratio range is conducive to improving the growth rate and quality of mycelium, and the cultivation base is mainly composed of fermented forest waste, which can significantly improve the yield of middle and late mushrooms.

[0051] Table 4 Proportion of forest waste and Acanthopanax senticosus residue in cultivation base material and cultivation effect

[0052]

[0053] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A base material for growing Pleurotus eryngii, characterized in that: The composition is recorded by weight percentage: 46-65% of forest waste, 28-45% of Acanthopanax senticosus residue, 2-3% of lime, 1-2% of gypsum, 2-3% of magnesium sulfate and 0.5-1.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

2. The base material according to claim 1, characterized in that The forest waste is discarded branches and leaves of mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests.

3. The base material according to claim 1, characterized in that The forest waste is processed by stacking and fermentation.

4. A method for preparing a base material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Lime and gypsum are added to the Acanthopanax senticosus residue according to weight percentage, and then forest waste, magnesium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added in sequence, stirred evenly to obtain a mixed material, bagged, and then sterilized and cooled to obtain the base material.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water content of the mixed material before bagging is 60-70%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sterilization temperature is 99° C. and the time is 8 hours.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The forest waste is piled and fermented with a composting agent.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stacking fermentation time is 5 to 7 days.

9. Use of the base material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in shortening the cultivation period of Nameko.

10. Use of the base material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in increasing the yield of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation.

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