Composite material, preparation method and application
By growing the ceramic layer on the metal layer and forming a glass layer, the problem of connecting aluminum alloys and ceramic materials is solved, and strong connection is achieved, the process is simplified and costs and pollution are reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411843561.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-11
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively connect aluminum alloys and ceramic materials, and commonly used welding processes need to be carried out under extremely low vacuum, which increases process costs and causes pollution to the environment.
By performing heat treatment on the metal layer, the ceramic layer is grown on the surface and inside of the metal layer, and a non-metallic layer (glass layer) is formed between the ceramic layer and the metal layer to achieve a good connection between the ceramic and the metal.
It realizes strong connection between ceramics and metals, simplifies the welding process, reduces costs, and reduces environmental pollution.
Smart Images
Figure CN119592849A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic-metal connection, in particular to a composite material, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art
[0002] Structural ceramics have the advantages of light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. They have been widely used in aerospace, energy, mechanical engineering and other fields, and in many cases, ceramic materials and metal materials need to be connected. Aluminum alloys have been widely used in many fields due to their excellent thermal and electrical properties, abundant raw materials and low prices. The connection between them and ceramics has always been a hot spot and difficulty in the industry. Due to the great differences in the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of ceramics and metals, conventional melting welding methods cannot achieve the connection between them. The commonly used methods are brazing and diffusion welding. However, the use of these two welding processes to connect aluminum alloys and ceramics often requires extremely low vacuum, and the ceramic surface also needs to be metallized, which undoubtedly increases the cost of the process and also causes great pollution to the environment. Summary of the invention
[0003] Purpose of the invention: To provide a composite material, a preparation method and an application thereof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.
[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a composite material comprising a metal-ceramic composite layer and a non-metallic layer, wherein the metal-ceramic layer comprises a metal layer and a ceramic layer, the ceramic layer is arranged on at least a portion of the surface and interior of the metal layer, and the non-metallic layer is arranged on the side of the ceramic layer facing away from the metal layer.
[0005] In one embodiment, the non-metallic layer is a glass layer.
[0006] In one embodiment, the metal layer comprises the following components by mass fraction: 0.5-10 wt % magnesium, 0-20 wt % silicon, and the balance aluminum.
[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the composite material as described in the first aspect, comprising: preparing a metal-ceramic composite layer; Applying slurry on at least a portion of the surface of the metal-ceramic composite layer and drying it; Heat treating the slurry at 500-650° C. to form a non-metallic layer on the slurry; At least another portion of the surface of the metal-ceramic composite layer is polished to expose the metal phase.
[0008] In one embodiment, the step of preparing the metal-ceramic composite layer includes: The metal layer is heated to 700-1100° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 30-360 minutes to obtain a metal layer (metal-ceramic composite layer) having a ceramic layer on at least a portion of its surface and inside.
[0009] In one embodiment, the oxygen content of the atmosphere is 10-30% by volume.
[0010] In one embodiment, the step of preparing the metal layer comprises: 0.5-10.0wt% of magnesium, 0-20wt% of silicon and the remainder of aluminum are taken according to mass fractions, smelted at 660-800° C. to obtain a blank, and the blank is processed to obtain a metal layer.
[0011] In one embodiment, processing the blank includes cutting or rolling.
[0012] In one embodiment, the metal layer is in sheet form.
[0013] In one embodiment, the thickness of the metal layer is 0.2-5 mm.
[0014] In one embodiment, the coating thickness of the slurry is 0.1-2 mm.
[0015] In one embodiment, the slurry is a mixed solution of glass powder, a dispersant, a solvent and a binder, wherein the content of the glass powder is 20-60 vol% based on the volume ratio of the slurry.
[0016] In one embodiment, the melting point of the glass frit is 400-650°C.
[0017] In one embodiment, the glass powder is selected from borate glass, vanadate glass, phosphate glass, and bismuth glass.
[0018] In one embodiment, the solvent is water and / or an organic solvent.
[0019] In one embodiment, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, toluene and xylene.
[0020] In a third aspect, the present invention provides use of the composite material according to the first aspect as a welding material.
[0021] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In the present invention, after the metal layer is heat treated, a ceramic layer grows from the surface to the inside, so that the ceramic layer and the metal layer have good connection strength, so that the overall structure of the composite material has good strength.
[0022] 2. The non-metallic layer (glass layer) in the present invention has a low melting point and has good wettability between the ceramic layer and the ceramic workpiece after melting, and can effectively connect the ceramic layer and the ceramic workpiece at low temperatures.
[0023] 3. The composite material of the present invention is used for aluminum alloy-ceramic welding, and there is no need to perform metallization treatment on the surface of the ceramic workpiece, thereby simplifying the welding process, reducing costs, and reducing environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 is a photograph of a ceramic layer formed after a metal layer is heat-treated in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a microscopic diagram of the internal structure of the metal-ceramic composite layer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a photograph of a metal phase after removing the exposed ceramic layer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the effect of the composite material used for aluminum alloy-ceramic welding in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the effect of using conventional 4-series aluminum alloy material for aluminum alloy-ceramic welding in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. Specific embodiments
[0025] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described. Example 1
[0026] The method for preparing the composite material disclosed in this embodiment comprises the following steps: Step 1: 5wt% magnesium, 2wt% silicon, and the remainder aluminum are taken according to mass fractions, and smelted at 700°C to obtain a billet, and the billet is rolled into a 0.4mm thick, sheet-shaped metal layer; Step 2: If Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the metal layer is heated to 800° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 60 min to obtain a metal layer (metal-ceramic composite layer) having a ceramic layer inside and on the entire surface, wherein the oxygen content of the atmosphere is 21% by volume; Step 3: Mixing a glass powder dispersant, a solvent, and a binder to form a slurry, wherein the content of the glass powder is 40 vol% based on the volume ratio of the slurry, the glass powder is phosphate glass with a melting point of 600-650° C., the solvent is water, the dispersant is acrylic resin, and the binder is PVA; Step 4: coating the slurry on one surface of the metal-ceramic composite layer and drying it, wherein the coating thickness of the slurry is 0.5 mm; Step 5: placing the metal-ceramic composite layer in a high-temperature furnace, heat-treating the slurry at 640°C, melting the glass powder, burning off the organic matter, and forming a glass layer from the slurry; Step 6: If Figure 3 As shown, the exposed ceramic layer is removed by grinding to expose the metal phase and obtain a composite material. Example 2
[0027] Step 1: 8wt% magnesium, 5wt% silicon, and the remainder aluminum are taken according to mass fractions, and smelted at 700° C. to obtain a billet, and the billet is rolled into a 0.6 mm thick, sheet-shaped metal layer; Step 2: If Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the metal layer is heated to 900° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 60 min to obtain a metal layer (metal-ceramic composite layer) having a ceramic layer inside and on the entire surface, wherein the oxygen content of the atmosphere is 21% by volume; Step 3: Mix a glass powder dispersant, a solvent, and a binder to form a slurry, wherein the content of the glass powder is 35 vol% based on the volume ratio of the slurry, the glass powder is phosphate glass with a melting point of 580-620° C., the solvent is ethanol, the dispersant is acrylic resin, and the binder is PVA; Step 4: coating the slurry on one surface of the metal-ceramic composite layer and drying it, wherein the coating thickness of the slurry is 0.5 mm; Step 5: placing the metal-ceramic composite layer in a high-temperature furnace, heat-treating the slurry at 650°C, melting the glass powder, burning off the organic matter, and forming a glass layer from the slurry; Step 6: If Figure 3 As shown, the exposed ceramic layer is removed by grinding to expose the metal phase and obtain a composite material.
[0028] The composite material of Example 2 is used for aluminum alloy-ceramic welding, and the welding process is as follows: the composite material is made into a ring, the ceramic workpiece is in contact with the glass layer, the aluminum alloy workpiece is in contact with the metal layer, and a pressure of 0.1 MPa is applied to obtain an assembly, the assembly is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace, the vacuum degree is increased to more than 5*10-3 Pa, and the sample is obtained by keeping the temperature at 630°C for 2 hours. Figure 4 As shown, the aluminum alloy workpiece and the ceramic workpiece are firmly connected. Comparative Example 1
[0029] Conventional 4 series aluminum alloy materials are used for aluminum alloy-ceramic welding. The welding process is as follows: the material is made into a ring, placed between a ceramic workpiece and a metal workpiece, and a pressure of 0.1 MPa is applied to obtain an assembly. The assembly is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace, the vacuum degree is increased to more than 5*10-3 Pa, and the sample is obtained by keeping the temperature at 630°C for 2 hours. Figure 5 As shown, the aluminum alloy workpiece and the ceramic workpiece failed to join.
[0030] The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiment. Within the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical scheme of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite material, characterized in that: including a metal-ceramic composite layer and a non-metallic layer; The metal-ceramic layer comprises a metal layer and a ceramic layer, and the ceramic layer is disposed on at least a portion of the surface and interior of the metal layer; The non-metallic layer is arranged on a side of the ceramic layer facing away from the metal layer.
2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The non-metallic layer is a glass layer.
3. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal layer comprises the following components by mass fraction: 0.5-10.0 wt % of magnesium, 0-20 wt % of silicon, and the balance of aluminum.
4. A method for preparing the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: include: preparing a metal-ceramic composite layer; Applying slurry on at least a portion of the surface of the metal-ceramic composite layer and drying it; Heat treating the slurry at 500-650° C. to form a non-metallic layer on the slurry; At least another portion of the surface of the metal-ceramic composite layer is polished to expose the metal phase.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The step of preparing the metal-ceramic composite layer comprises: The metal layer is heated to 700-1100° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and kept at this temperature for 30-360 minutes to obtain a metal layer having a ceramic layer on at least a portion of its surface and inside.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The oxygen content of the atmosphere is 10-30% by volume.
7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The coating thickness of the slurry is 0.1-2 mm.
8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The slurry is a mixed liquid made by mixing glass powder, dispersant, solvent and adhesive; Calculated by volume ratio of the slurry, the content of the glass powder is 20-60 vol%.
9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The melting point of the glass powder is 400-650°C.
10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The glass powder is selected from borate glass, vanadate glass, phosphate glass and bismuth glass.
11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The solvent is water and / or an organic solvent.
12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The organic solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, toluene and xylene.
13. Use of the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as a welding material.