Environmental economic benefit evaluation method and device for cement kiln co-processing hazardous wastes

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental management, and discloses an environmental economic benefit evaluation method and device for cement kiln cooperative disposal of hazardous wastes. The method comprises the following steps: respectively constructing a cement kiln co-processing hazardous waste scene model and a reference scene model through the same functional unit, and determining model system boundaries of different scene models; compiling a life cycle list based on the model system boundary; determining activity levels and emission factors of different scene models based on the life cycle list; based on the activity level and the emission factor, determining the environmental influence caused by the cooperative disposal of the dangerous waste by the cement kiln by adopting a life cycle evaluation (LCA) mode; based on the activity level and the market price level, determining the economic benefit generated by co-processing the hazardous waste by the cement kiln by adopting a net cost analysis (NC) mode; the model evaluation considers the thermal efficiency loss of the cement kiln, the input and transportation of raw and auxiliary materials, the change of the electric energy consumption of each production link, the change of pollutant emission and the like caused by the cooperative disposal of the dangerous waste by the cement kiln, and the accuracy of the model evaluation can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of environmental management technology, and in particular to an environmental economic benefit evaluation method and device for the coordinated disposal of hazardous wastes by cement kilns. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of industrial production, the generation of industrial hazardous waste (referred to as hazardous waste in this application) has increased significantly, hindering the high-quality development of the industrial economy and exacerbating the contradiction between urban development and environmental safety. According to the China Statistical Yearbook (2023), compared with 2015, China's total industrial output value increased by about 70% in 2022, while the generation of hazardous waste increased by nearly 1.4 times. Therefore, the timely and harmless disposal of hazardous waste is particularly urgent. In recent years, cement kiln co-treatment technology has continued to develop and has become one of the main means of solid waste disposal. Through cement kiln co-treatment, high calorific value components or valuable components (such as iron, calcium, etc.) in the waste can be used as alternative fuels or alternative raw materials for cement clinker production. On the one hand, it can relieve the pressure of harmless disposal of waste; on the other hand, under the dual pressure of environmental constraints and increasingly slim profit margins, it can reduce the operating costs of cement clinker production enterprises, thereby enhancing their industry competitiveness, while reducing the carbon emission level of cement enterprises. However, due to the corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability and reactivity of hazardous waste, the environmental risk of its co-treatment in cement kilns is more challenging than that of municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an environmental economic benefit evaluation on the co-treatment of hazardous waste in cement kilns. Among them, environmental economic benefit refers to the comparison between the results obtained from environmental protection practices and the costs paid for it.

[0003] In order to explore the environmental and economic benefits of the hazardous waste disposal symbiotic system between industrial parks and cement plants, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the entire life cycle of industrial hazardous waste in the cement kiln co-disposal system. The paper "Life Cycle Assessment of Hazardous Waste Co-disposal in Cement Kilns" discloses a traditional environmental and economic benefit evaluation method for hazardous waste co-disposal in cement kilns, including: starting from the transportation of hazardous waste to the site, through pretreatment, high-temperature incineration to clinker output as the end point, the entire life cycle is divided into five parts: direct emissions, raw coal mining, electricity production, hazardous waste transportation, and coal transportation. A life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluation system with 1kg of hazardous waste as the functional unit is constructed, and the calculation results of the LCA evaluation system are analyzed to obtain the environmental and economic benefits of hazardous waste co-disposal in cement kilns.

[0004] However, the traditional method of analyzing the evaluation results of the environmental and economic benefits of the co-treatment of hazardous waste in cement kilns only considers the environmental impact and economic efficiency of the scenario of co-treatment of hazardous waste in cement kilns, ignoring other influencing factors, resulting in inaccurate evaluation results. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present disclosure proposes an environmental economic benefit evaluation method and device for the coordinated disposal of hazardous wastes by cement kilns. By establishing a life cycle environmental economic performance evaluation model for the coordinated disposal of hazardous wastes by cement kilns, the evaluation model includes the production and transportation of raw materials for cement clinker production, hazardous waste transportation and pretreatment, clinker calcination, terminal treatment and emission, waste heat recovery and other processes. At the same time, the changes in the thermal efficiency loss of cement kilns, the input and transportation of raw and auxiliary materials, the electricity consumption of various production links, and pollution emissions caused by the coordinated disposal of hazardous wastes by cement kilns are taken into account, which can improve the accuracy of model evaluation. Furthermore, industrial parks and cement kiln coordinated disposal enterprises can improve waste management efficiency based on the evaluation results, and achieve economic benefits while exploring the potential for reducing the environmental impact of the system.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for evaluating the environmental economic benefits of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Based on the same predefined functional unit, a cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and a baseline scenario model are constructed respectively; wherein the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model is used to indicate the flow process of materials and energy when hazardous waste is co-treated through the cement kiln, and the baseline scenario model is used to indicate the flow process of materials and energy when ordinary cement clinker is produced through the cement kiln alone, and when hazardous waste is incinerated alone;

[0008] Based on a predefined life cycle range, respectively determining a first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model and a second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model;

[0009] compiling a life cycle inventory based on the first model system boundary and the second model system boundary;

[0010] Based on the life cycle inventory, determine the activity level and emission factor of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model;

[0011] Based on the activity level and emission factors, the environmental impact of the co-processing of hazardous waste in cement kilns is determined using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach;

[0012] Based on the described activity levels and market price levels, the net cost-benefit analysis (NC) approach is used to determine the economic benefits of co-processing hazardous waste in cement kilns.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the environmental impact of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste is determined by adopting a life cycle assessment (LCA) method based on the activity level and the emission factor, including:

[0014] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, and obtain the corresponding first life cycle environmental impact amount of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model;

[0015] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, and obtain the second life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the ordinary cement clinker production part;

[0016] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, and obtain the third life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the hazardous waste incineration part;

[0017] Determine the sum of the second life cycle environmental impact and the third life cycle environmental impact to obtain a fourth life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the baseline scenario model;

[0018] The difference between the first life cycle environmental impact and the fourth life cycle environmental impact is determined to obtain the environmental impact of the cement kiln's coordinated disposal of hazardous waste.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the environmental impact includes multiple types; the different types of environmental impact include at least two of the following: acidification potential, eutrophication potential, global warming potential, human toxicity potential, marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential, ozone layer depletion potential, photochemical oxidant generation potential, terrestrial ecotoxicity potential, and fossil fuel non-biological resource consumption potential;

[0020] For each emission factor in the same scenario model, different types of environmental impacts correspond to different emission factor values; wherein the scenario model includes a cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the economic benefits of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste are determined by using a net cost-benefit analysis (NC) method based on the activity level and market price level, including:

[0022] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model, and obtain the first total cost of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model;

[0023] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process and the unit revenue corresponding to the activity level within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model, and obtain the first total revenue of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model;

[0024] Determine the difference between the first total cost and the first total income to obtain a first net cost of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model;

[0025] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level to obtain the second total cost of producing ordinary cement clinker;

[0026] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the unit generated revenue corresponding to the activity level, and obtain the second total revenue of producing ordinary cement clinker;

[0027] Determine the difference between the second total cost and the second total revenue to obtain a second net cost of producing ordinary cement clinker;

[0028] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level to obtain the third total cost of hazardous waste incineration;

[0029] Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the unit generated benefits corresponding to the activity level to obtain a third total benefit of hazardous waste incineration;

[0030] Determine the difference between the third total cost and the third total income to obtain a third net cost of hazardous waste incineration;

[0031] determining the sum of the second net cost and the third net cost to obtain a fourth net cost of the baseline scenario model;

[0032] The difference between the first net cost and the fourth net cost is determined to obtain the economic benefit.

[0033] In a possible implementation, determining the activity level and emission factor of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model based on the life cycle inventory includes:

[0034] Based on the material energy input and output of the cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model, an extrapolated calculation is performed to determine the material input, electric energy, and transportation volume in the baseline scenario model;

[0035] The amount of atmospheric pollutant emissions during the cement kiln production process is determined based on the life cycle inventory.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the material energy input and output based on the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model are extrapolated to determine the material input, electric energy, and transportation volume in the baseline scenario model, including:

[0037] When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the coal input is calculated by the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, m OCP,coal represents the coal input required for cement kiln to produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model; m CS,coal Indicates the amount of coal input in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste; LHV OCP,coal Indicates the average lower calorific value of coal, m CS,HW Indicates the amount of hazardous waste disposed under the CS scenario, LHV CS,HW It represents the average lower calorific value of mixed hazardous waste, and 1.15 represents the replacement ratio of the heat provided by waste incineration to the heat provided by coal combustion;

[0040] In the case of cement kiln without co-processing, limestone input is calculated by the following formula:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, m OCP,limestone It represents the limestone input required for the cement kiln to produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model; m CS,limestone represents the limestone input in the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model, m OCP,HW represents the amount of hazardous waste disposed of when cement kilns produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, and the value here is 0, ω Ca,coal Indicates the calcium content in coal, ω Ca,limestone Indicates the calcium content in limestone, ω Ca,HW Indicates the calcium content in mixed hazardous waste;

[0043] When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the converter slag input is calculated by the following formula:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, m OCP,slag It represents the amount of converter slag required for the production of ordinary cement clinker in the cement kiln in the benchmark scenario model, m CS,slag represents the input amount of converter slag in the scenario model of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste, ω Fe,coal Indicates the iron content in coal, ω Fe,slag Indicates the iron content in converter slag, ω Fe,HW Indicates the iron content in hazardous waste;

[0046] When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the electricity consumption of coal powder preparation is calculated by the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, Electricity OCP,PCP The electricity consumption of coal powder preparation in the case of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model is represented by Electricity CS,PCP represents the electricity consumption of coal powder preparation in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, m OC It represents the coal output of the vertical coal mill used in the coal powder preparation process, P CM Indicates the power of the coal mill used in the coal powder preparation process, P CW Indicates the power of the coal mill fan used in the coal powder preparation process;

[0049] When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the electricity consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization is calculated by the following formula:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, Electricity OCP,LP It represents the electricity consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization in the case of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model. CS,LP represents the electricity consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, m OL It represents the output of the crusher used in the limestone crushing and homogenization process, P LC Indicates the power of the crusher used in the limestone crushing and homogenization process;

[0052] If the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the electricity consumption of the raw mill is calculated by the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, Electricity OCP,RMPThe electricity consumption of the raw mill in the case of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model is represented by Electricity CS,RMP represents the electricity consumption of the raw mill in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, m OCP,RM represents the raw material quantity when the cement kiln produces ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, m CS,RM represents the amount of raw material in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, m ORM Represents the output of the raw mill, P RMM Indicates the power of the raw mill;

[0055] If cement kilns do not carry out co-processing, the transportation volume is calculated by the following formula:

[0056] Transport OCP,a =Transport C S,a +Distance a ×m OCP,a -m CS,a );

[0057] The subscript a indicates that the material whose transport volume changes due to changes in input volume. OCP,a Indicates the transportation volume of material a in the baseline scenario model, Transport CS,a It represents the transportation volume of material a in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, Distance a Indicates the transportation distance of material a from the production area to the cement enterprise, m OCP,a represents the dosage of material a in the baseline scenario model, m CS,a It represents the dosage of material a in the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0059] Using parameter change analysis to determine the sensitivity of the environmental impacts and economic benefits to fluctuations in input parameters;

[0060] The sensitivity is calculated by the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, S ij represents the sensitivity of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit output under the condition of the ith input parameter, x i Indicates the initial value of the i-th input parameter, y j represents the initial assessment value of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit, △xi Indicates the change value of the i-th input parameter, △y j represents the change in the evaluation results of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit, x i ' represents the changed value of the i input parameter, and y' represents the changed value of the evaluation result of the j-th type of environmental impact or economic benefit; both i and j are positive integers.

[0063] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0064] For each emission factor, determine the fluctuation boundary of the emission factor based on different values ​​of the same emission factor in different databases;

[0065] Based on the fluctuation boundary of the emission factor, Monte Carlo simulation is used to conduct uncertainty analysis on the environmental impact.

[0066] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0067] Determine the environmental impact amount corresponding to each unit process in the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model; sort the environmental impact amounts corresponding to the various unit processes in descending order, and determine the unit processes corresponding to the first n environmental impact amounts as target unit processes affecting environmental economic benefits based on the sorting results; n is a positive integer;

[0068] Improvement suggestions are generated based on the target unit process.

[0069] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an environmental economic benefit evaluation device for the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in a cement kiln, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to implement the above method when executing the instructions stored in the memory.

[0070] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which computer program instructions are stored, wherein the computer program instructions implement the above method when executed by a processor.

[0071] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer-readable code, or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying the computer-readable code. When the computer-readable code runs in a processor of an electronic device, the processor in the electronic device executes the above method.

[0072] Based on the same predefined functional unit, a cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and a baseline scenario model are constructed respectively; the first model system boundary of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model are determined respectively; based on the first model system boundary and the second model system boundary, a life cycle inventory is compiled; based on the life cycle inventory, the activity level and emission factor of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model are determined; based on the activity level and emission factor, the LCA method is used to determine the environmental impact of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste; based on the activity level and market price level, the NC method is used to determine the economic benefits of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste; since the activity level includes the emission of atmospheric pollutants in different scenario models, as well as the material input, electricity, and transportation volume in the baseline scenario model; therefore, the changes in the thermal efficiency loss of the cement kiln, the input and transportation of raw and auxiliary materials, the electricity consumption of each production link, and the pollution emissions caused by the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste are taken into account, which can improve the accuracy of the model evaluation.

[0073] Further features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0075] Figure 1 A flow chart showing an environmental economic benefit evaluation method for cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0076] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing a scenario model of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0077] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a baseline scenario model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0078] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing different types of environmental impacts according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0079] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the economic benefits of a cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model and a quasi-scenario model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0080] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing uncertainty analysis of economic net cost of a cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model and a quasi-scenario model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0081] Figure 7A block diagram showing an environmental economic benefit evaluation device for cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0082] Figure 8 A block diagram of an environmental economic benefit evaluation device for the coordinated disposal of hazardous wastes in a cement kiln according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings represent elements with the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise specified.

[0084] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0085] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present disclosure, numerous specific details are given in the following specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure can also be implemented without certain specific details. In some examples, methods, means, components and circuits well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the subject matter of the present disclosure.

[0086] Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): is an environmental management tool. The life cycle refers to the entire process of a product (including services) from obtaining raw materials, production, use to disposal, that is, from cradle to grave. According to the definition of ISO 14040 formulated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), life cycle assessment is a method used to evaluate the environmental factors and potential impacts related to a product. It is carried out by compiling a stock record of relevant inputs and outputs of a system, evaluating the potential environmental impacts related to these inputs and outputs, and interpreting the stock record and environmental impact analysis results according to the objectives of the life cycle assessment study.

[0087] Generally speaking, the LCA method usually includes the following main steps:

[0088] 1. Definition of objectives and scope: clarify the purpose, system boundaries, assumptions, etc. of LCA. For example, in this application, the purpose of LCA is to conduct a life cycle environmental impact assessment on the co-treatment of hazardous waste in cement kilns. The research object is the co-treatment of hazardous waste in cement kilns, and the system boundary is the "cradle to gate" accounting boundary, considering the life cycle scope from the production, transportation, and treatment of raw and auxiliary materials to the calcination of cement clinker to produce clinker. The assumption is that the functional unit is set to treat a unit mass (such as 1 ton) of mixed hazardous waste and produce a corresponding mass of cement clinker.

[0089] Among them, "from cradle to gate" means: focusing mainly on the product life cycle from raw material mining to manufacturing and shipment, while ignoring the product's use and disposal stages.

[0090] In life cycle assessment, functional unit is a core concept, which is the basis of all comparisons and calculations in the assessment process. Functional unit is a quantifiable indicator for numerical comparison and calculation. For example, for a car, the functional unit can be a certain distance traveled (such as 10,000 kilometers); for a TV, the functional unit can be a certain number of years of use (such as 10 years). Functional unit also focuses on the performance of the product system, not just the product itself. For example, for a car, the usage function it meets (such as driving distance) is the functional unit, not the car itself. This definition helps to focus on the actual use effect of the product, thereby more accurately assessing its environmental impact.

[0091] In LCA, by defining the model system boundaries, it is possible to determine which functions and activities are included in the assessment and which are excluded.

[0092] 2. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis: The life cycle inventory refers to a collection of data on all inputs and outputs of a product throughout its life cycle. These data include inputs such as raw materials, energy, and transportation used in the production process, as well as outputs such as waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste generated. LCI includes real-life data and background data.

[0093] Real-life data: Life cycle inventory data obtained through actual measurement, statistics, etc. These data often exist in the LCA model through the unit process built by researchers themselves. They can be understood as activity data in each unit process, that is, the consumption of energy, materials, etc., product output and pollutant emissions in a unit process. For example, how many kilowatt-hours of electricity were consumed.

[0094] Background data is data that cannot be measured in practice and can only be obtained through literature research, selection from background databases, etc. For example, when conducting a life cycle assessment on an industrial product, the life cycle inventory data of the purchased electricity consumed during the power generation stage.

[0095] A life cycle inventory is created by collecting data to compile the energy and material inputs, as well as the wastes and emissions of a product or service throughout its life cycle.

[0096] 3. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA): Analyze the data in the life cycle inventory to assess the potential impact of these inputs and outputs on the environment.

[0097] 4. Interpretation of results: Comprehensively analyze the results of LCA and provide conclusions, recommendations and decision support.

[0098] Net cost analysis (NC) is a method of evaluating the financial and economic benefits of a project, policy or investment. It involves calculating the total costs and total benefits of a project and deriving the net benefit from them.

[0099] The basic steps in a net cost-benefit analysis include:

[0100] 1. Determine costs: Calculate all expected costs for the project, including direct costs (such as materials, labor) and indirect costs (such as administrative expenses, opportunity costs).

[0101] 2. Determine the benefits: Evaluate all expected benefits of the project, including direct benefits (such as sales revenue, cost savings) and indirect benefits (such as increased brand value, increased market share).

[0102] 3. Calculate the net benefit: Subtract the total cost from the total benefit to get the net benefit. If the net benefit is positive, it means that the benefits of the project exceed the costs; if the net benefit is negative, it means that the costs of the project exceed the benefits.

[0103] At present, although many studies have focused on the life cycle environmental impacts of cement product production and cement kiln co-disposal, few studies have evaluated the environmental and economic benefits of establishing a symbiotic relationship between industrial parks and cement plants to dispose of hazardous wastes from the perspective of cement plants as environmental infrastructure for the disposal of industrial hazardous wastes. In addition, the existing research on the life cycle environmental impact model of cement kiln co-disposal has not simultaneously considered the changes in the thermal efficiency of cement kilns, the input and transportation of raw and auxiliary materials, the electricity consumption in various production links, and pollution emissions caused by co-disposal.

[0104] In this application, a life cycle environmental and economic performance evaluation model for the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns was established based on a dynamic perspective. The model includes processes such as raw material production and transportation for cement clinker production, hazardous waste transportation and pretreatment, clinker calcination, end-of-pipe treatment and emission, and waste heat recovery. At the same time, the impact of the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns on the thermal efficiency loss of cement kilns, raw material input, electricity consumption in various production links, and pollution emissions is considered.

[0105] Next, the environmental and economic benefit evaluation method for the coordinated disposal of hazardous wastes in cement kilns provided in this application is introduced.

[0106] Figure 1 A flow chart showing an environmental economic benefit evaluation method for cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In this embodiment, the method is described by taking an electronic device with computing capabilities as an example, and the electronic device includes a user terminal or a server, and the user terminal includes but is not limited to: a computer, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, etc. This embodiment does not limit the implementation of the electronic device. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0107] Step 101, based on the same predefined functional unit, construct a cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and a baseline scenario model respectively; wherein the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model is used to indicate the flow process of materials and energy when hazardous waste is co-treated through the cement kiln, and the baseline scenario model is used to indicate the flow process of materials and energy when ordinary cement clinker is produced through the cement kiln alone, and when hazardous waste is incinerated alone.

[0108] In this application, the environmental impact of cement kiln co-disposal of hazardous waste is determined based on the LCA method. According to the LCA process, it is necessary to define the target and life cycle scope before conducting an environmental impact analysis.

[0109] In this embodiment, the defined objectives include: since the cement kiln for coordinated disposal has the dual functions of "disposing of waste" and "producing cement clinker", the functional unit is set to process a unit mass (such as 1 ton) of hazardous waste while producing a corresponding mass of cement clinker, and the same functional unit is set for the baseline scenario using the system expansion method to measure the environmental and economic performance of the cement kiln for coordinated disposal of hazardous waste, thereby obtaining the predefined functional unit.

[0110] The definition of the life cycle scope includes: adopting the "cradle to gate" accounting boundary, considering the life cycle process from the production, transportation, and processing of raw and auxiliary materials to the calcination of cement clinker to produce clinker, conducting a life cycle environmental impact assessment and a net cost-benefit analysis on the co-disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns, and calculating the environmental and economic benefits by comparing them with the environmental and economic results of conventional cement clinker production and traditional hazardous waste incineration technology, thereby obtaining a predefined life cycle scope.

[0111] A scenario model for the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns is constructed, including: constructing a unit process for transporting different types of hazardous waste generated in industrial parks to qualified cement plants; constructing a unit process for pre-treating and compounding hazardous waste in cement plants; constructing a unit process for classifying different types of hazardous waste according to physical and / or chemical properties to obtain a first component in the hazardous waste that is an alternative fuel for cement clinker production, a second component that is an alternative raw material for cement clinker production, and a third component other than the first component and the second component; constructing a unit process for the mining, transportation and processing of raw materials required for cement clinker production; constructing a unit process for raw meal homogenization; constructing a unit process for fuel addition; constructing a unit process for clinker calcination, as well as a unit process for pollution emission and unit processes and waste heat recovery after clinker calcination.

[0112] Among them, the unit process refers to: at least one link or at least one process in the process of hazardous waste disposal and cement production. The division method of the unit process in this embodiment is only schematic. In actual implementation, multiple unit processes in this embodiment can be divided into one unit process, or one unit process in this embodiment can be divided into more unit processes. The unit process can be customized or divided according to a predetermined division method. This embodiment does not limit the division method of the unit process.

[0113] refer to Figure 2 The material and energy flow process of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model shown in Figure 2 It can be seen that the unit processes of raw material mining, transportation and processing required for cement clinker production include: unit processes of limestone mining, transportation and limestone crushing and homogenization, and also include unit processes of coal mining, transportation, and coal powder preparation.

[0114] Among them, the first component is the component with high calorific value in hazardous waste (such as some organic solvent waste, etc.), the second component is the component containing valuable components in hazardous waste (such as iron, calcium, etc.); the third component can neither be used as an alternative raw material nor as an alternative fuel, and is only disposed of in cement kilns without playing the role of resource recycling.

[0115] The construction of the baseline scenario model includes: constructing the same unit process as the unit process of cement kiln producing clinker in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, and obtaining the unit process of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model; constructing the unit process of hazardous waste incineration in the baseline scenario model based on the rotary kiln incineration disposal technology. Among them, the rotary kiln incineration disposal technology includes: hazardous waste pretreatment, rotary kiln incineration, pollutant terminal treatment, waste heat recovery power generation, incineration fly ash and bottom ash solidification stabilization landfill and other processes.

[0116] refer to Figure 3 The material and energy flow process of the baseline scenario model shown in Figure 3 It can be seen that the unit process of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker is similar to Figure 2 The unit processes of cement kiln production of cement clinker in the scenario model of coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kiln are the same, including the unit processes of limestone mining, transportation, limestone crushing and homogenization, coal mining, transportation, and coal powder preparation, raw material preparation, fuel input, clinker calcination, and pollution emission and waste heat recovery. The unit processes of hazardous waste incineration alone include: the unit process of pre-treatment of hazardous waste, the unit process of rotary kiln incineration, and the unit processes of incineration power generation, pollutant terminal treatment, and solidification, stabilization and landfill of incineration fly ash and bottom ash after rotary kiln incineration.

[0117] Optionally, the target definition, life cycle scope definition and construction of scenario models (including cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and baseline scenario model) can be achieved through environmental impact assessment software, which includes but is not limited to: GaBi, SimaPro, etc.; or, it can also be achieved through software specifically for cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste assessment. This embodiment does not limit the implementation method of this step.

[0118] Step 102, based on the predefined life cycle range, respectively determine the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model.

[0119] The life cycle scope includes: from the production, transportation and processing of raw and auxiliary materials to the calcination of cement clinker to produce clinker.

[0120] The first model system boundary is used to indicate the unit process that incorporates environmental economic benefit evaluation in the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model; the second model system boundary is used to indicate the unit process that incorporates environmental economic benefit evaluation in the baseline scenario model.

[0121] The first model system boundary and the second model system boundary meet the predefined life cycle scope, that is, the life cycle scope includes: from the production, transportation, and treatment of raw and auxiliary materials to the calcination of cement clinker to produce clinker, then the first model system boundary indicates that the various unit processes from the production, transportation, and treatment of raw and auxiliary materials to the calcination of cement clinker to produce clinker in the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model are included in the environmental economic benefit evaluation. For example: the first model system boundary indicates that Figure 2 The second model system boundary indicates that the unit processes in the baseline scenario model from the production, transportation, and processing of raw and auxiliary materials to the calcination of cement clinker to produce clinker are included in the environmental economic benefit evaluation; the unit processes of hazardous waste incineration in the baseline scenario model are also included in the environmental economic benefit evaluation. For example: The second model system boundary indicates that Figure 3 The unit processes shown are incorporated into the environmental economic benefit evaluation.

[0122] The first model system boundary and the second model system boundary are also set by environmental impact assessment software, or by software specifically used for cement kiln co-disposal of hazardous waste assessment.

[0123] Step 103: compile a life cycle inventory based on the first model system boundary and the second model system boundary.

[0124] In this embodiment, the life cycle inventory includes real scene data and background data within the boundary of the first model system, and real scene data and background data within the boundary of the second model system.

[0125] Among them, real-life data is the data that is recommended to be used in life cycle assessment. Real-life data includes actual data of each unit process within the model system boundary (including the first model system boundary and the second model system boundary), such as the company's production workshop data; background data refers to some data that are difficult to obtain within the model system boundary, but are provided by professional databases (such as Ecoinvent, GaBi, and officially released data). For example, when studying a cement plant, it is difficult to obtain the environmental impact data of its upstream limestone mining link. If the real-life data of the actual mining plant is not obtained, the background data published by the professional database using the same process as the limestone mining is used.

[0126] Step 104, based on the life cycle inventory, determine the activity level and emission factor of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model.

[0127] Among them, activity level is the basic data for quantifying the impact of human activities on the environment; emission factor refers to the environmental impact per unit activity level; activity level includes the emissions of atmospheric pollutants in different scenario models, as well as material input, electricity, and transportation volume in the baseline scenario model.

[0128] Based on the life cycle inventory, the activity level of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model is determined, including: directly determining the life cycle inventory as the activity level; and / or calculating the life cycle inventory to obtain the activity level. The specific method of obtaining the activity level can be set according to needs.

[0129] according to Figure 2 It can be seen that the activity levels in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste include:

[0130] (1) Limestone pre-crushing and pre-homogenization: Limestone is the main raw material in cement clinker production. After being mined from the quarry and transported to the cement plant, it needs to be pre-crushed and pre-homogenized. This process requires a crusher, and electricity is the main energy input. Accordingly, the amount of electricity input is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the background data in the life cycle inventory.

[0131] (2) Preparation of pulverized coal: Coal is the main fuel for cement clinker production. In order to fully burn and obtain sufficient combustion reaction capacity, coal needs to be ground into pulverized coal of a certain particle size range. This process usually uses a roller mill with a fan. The roller mill grinds and crushes the pulverized coal. The fan generates a pressure difference between the roller mill and the grate cooler to provide a heat source to reduce the moisture content in the coal and increase the combustion rate. Electricity is the main energy input for this process. Accordingly, the input amount of electricity is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the background data in the life cycle inventory.

[0132] (3) Hazardous waste pretreatment: Before cement co-processing, hazardous waste entering the cement kiln needs to be pretreated. Pretreatment includes steps such as drying, crushing, grinding or mixing, and the specific treatment process depends on the type of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste with good flammability is used as alternative fuel (Alternative Fuel, AF), hazardous waste containing valuable primary materials such as iron and calcium can be used as alternative raw materials (Alternative Fuel, AM) for cement clinker production, and the remaining hazardous waste is only disposed of in the kiln and does not play the role of alternative fuel or alternative raw material. Accordingly, the input amount of alternative fuel and alternative raw material is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data of cement enterprises in the life cycle inventory.

[0133] (4) Raw meal preparation and homogenization: Raw materials such as limestone, clay and correction materials for cement clinker production are ground together in a raw mill in a predetermined and precisely controlled ratio to produce raw meal. Subsequently, the raw meal is fed into a five-stage preheater and precalciner. Electricity is the main energy input for this process. Accordingly, the input electricity, raw material input, etc. are activity levels, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data in the life cycle inventory.

[0134] (5) Clinker calcination: Clinker calcination is the main environmental impact process in cement production. Under high calcination temperatures, carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and other elements contained in various raw materials and other inputs are converted into carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and NOx. The burning of ash produces smoke emissions and also causes heavy metal emissions such as mercury. The heat demand of most cement kiln systems is between 3000 and 6500 MJ. Accordingly, the input of raw materials and other inputs is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data in the life cycle inventory.

[0135] (6) Transportation: The transportation of the main raw materials for clinker production is considered. Due to cost constraints, cement kilns are usually located close to quarries to facilitate the transportation of limestone to the factory by freight trucks. The coal used for calcination is usually purchased from areas with abundant and cheap coal resources. Trains and freight trucks are commonly used means of transportation. Hazardous waste to be treated is transported from the waste generation / storage site to the cement company by professional hazardous waste transport vehicles. Accordingly, the transportation volume is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data in the life cycle inventory.

[0136] (7) Waste heat recovery: Waste heat power generation technology is widely used in China's cement kilns. Cement companies use the waste heat at the kiln head and kiln tail of the clinker production line to generate electricity to reduce the burden of electricity consumption in the production process. Accordingly, the power generation is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data in the life cycle inventory.

[0137] (8) Emissions: Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, atmospheric mercury emissions, etc. generated during cement clinker production. Correspondingly, the atmospheric pollutant emissions are activity levels, which can be calculated by using the actual data and background data in the life cycle inventory. For specific calculation methods, please refer to the calculation method of atmospheric pollutant emissions below. For other pollutant emission data, please refer to the environmental monitoring report of the facility provided in the life cycle inventory.

[0138] according to Figure 3 It can be seen that in the baseline scenario model, when the cement kiln does not carry out co-treatment and only produces ordinary cement clinker, except for the hazardous waste pretreatment in point (3) and the hazardous waste transportation in point (6), the rest can refer to the above-mentioned sections for unit process data collection. Among them, the input and output of the cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model are obtained by extrapolating the material energy input and output of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model. The specific extrapolation process is detailed below.

[0139] according to Figure 3 It can be seen that in the case of hazardous waste incineration in the baseline scenario model, the activity levels include:

[0140] (1) Hazardous waste pretreatment: Hazardous waste needs to be added with combustible fuels such as diesel to assist combustion, and then enter the incinerator after being mixed. Combustion aids such as diesel are the main material inputs in this process. Accordingly, the input amount of combustion aids is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data of cement enterprises in the life cycle inventory.

[0141] (2) Rotary kiln incineration: Hazardous waste is fully exposed to high-temperature air in the rotary kiln to complete the drying, oxidation and combustion processes. The toxic and harmful substances in the waste are pyrolyzed at high temperatures, which will produce carbon dioxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury, dioxins and other atmospheric emissions, nitrogen, phosphorus and other wastewater pollutants, and solid residues such as fly ash and bottom ash. Accordingly, the input electrical energy during the incineration process is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data in the life cycle inventory.

[0142] (3) End-of-pipe treatment of pollutants: A flue gas purification system is equipped to treat the combustion flue gas. The level of pollutants emitted mainly depends on the treatment conditions and temperature, residence time, mixed combustion air, etc. Activated carbon, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, water, etc. are common material inputs in this process, and the process is accompanied by electricity consumption. Accordingly, the input amount of each material in the end-of-pipe treatment of pollutants is the activity level, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data in the life cycle inventory.

[0143] (4) Waste heat recovery power generation: The high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration enters the waste heat boiler, and steam is generated while the flue gas is cooled, which in turn drives the turbine group to generate electricity, generating environmental and economic benefits. This process is accompanied by the consumption and generation of electricity. Accordingly, the input electricity and the generated electricity in the waste heat recovery power generation process are both activity levels, which can be obtained by reading the real-life data in the life cycle inventory.

[0144] (5) Solidification and stabilization of incineration fly ash and bottom ash for landfill: The ash and slag produced during the incineration process include incinerator bottom ash and incineration fly ash. Since the slag and fly ash contain heavy metals, they need to be solidified and stabilized by cement and lime before final disposal. Therefore, the generation of landfill gas after landfill is not considered. Accordingly, the landfill activity level during the solidification and stabilization of incineration fly ash and bottom ash can be obtained by reading the real-life data in the life cycle inventory.

[0145] In the above activity levels, the atmospheric pollutant emissions and the input and output of cement kiln production of ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model need to be calculated. The calculation methods of these two parts are introduced below.

[0146] 1. Calculation of atmospheric pollutant emissions in different scenario models (including cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and baseline scenario model).

[0147] The emission of atmospheric pollutants in the cement clinker production process is closely related to the environmental impact, among which atmospheric pollutants include: carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, and atmospheric mercury emissions. Accordingly, based on the life cycle inventory, the emission of atmospheric pollutants in the cement kiln production process is determined, including:

[0148] 1. Carbon dioxide emissions are calculated using the following formula:

[0149]

[0150] in, It represents the total carbon dioxide emissions in the current scenario model, in tons; represents the direct carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels in the current scenario model, in tons; represents the direct carbon dioxide emissions from the decomposition of raw material carbonate in the current scenario model, in tons; Represents direct carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of hazardous waste, in tons.

[0151] Specifically, direct CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are calculated by the following formula:

[0152]

[0153] Among them, NCV i Indicates the lower calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises. It is the value of various types of hazardous wastes detected by cement enterprises themselves. Among them, the types of hazardous wastes can be classified according to the "National List of Hazardous Wastes" or other regulations. This embodiment does not limit the classification method of hazardous wastes. i represents the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel, in tons, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises; CC i represents the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel, which comes from the test report of the sample submitted by the cement enterprise; i It represents the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fossil fuel, which comes from the carbon oxidation rate values ​​of various fossil fuels specified by the industry.

[0154] Direct CO2 emissions from the decomposition of raw carbonates can be calculated using the following formula:

[0155]

[0156] Among them, m lime and m flyash Represent the mass of limestone and fly ash respectively, in tons, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises; ω CaO,lime and ω CaO,flyash They represent the content of calcium oxide in limestone and fly ash, respectively, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in percentage (%). 44 / 56 represents the conversion coefficient of calcium oxide into carbon dioxide. In other embodiments, 44 / 56 can also be converted into the conversion coefficient of the content of Ca in fly ash, limestone, etc. into carbon dioxide. This embodiment does not limit the implementation method of the conversion coefficient.

[0157] The direct CO2 emissions from the combustion of hazardous waste are calculated using the following formula. The CO2 emissions from the co-treatment of hazardous waste in cement kilns and the CO2 emissions from incineration are also calculated using the following formula:

[0158]

[0159] Among them, m HW Represents the mass of hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises in tons, ω C It indicates the carbon content of hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the actual data of cement enterprises, in %. 44 / 12 represents the conversion coefficient of carbon into carbon dioxide.

[0160] 2. Nitrogen oxide emissions are calculated using the following formula:

[0161]

[0162] in, Indicates the nitrogen oxides (NO x ) Emissions, in tons; m coal and m HW Represent the mass of coal and hazardous waste respectively, in tons. In this embodiment, the functional unit is 1 ton. Therefore, m HW The default is 1 ton; m coal It can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises; N,coal and ω N,HW Respectively represent the nitrogen content in coal and hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in units of %, R coal and R HW It represents the conversion rate of nitrogen oxides, which can be obtained from literature data in %, and 3.29 represents N and NO x The stoichiometric conversion factor, η LNC and η SNCR They represent low nitrogen combustion (LowNO x The denitrification efficiency of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and nitrogen oxides removal by nitrogen oxides (NOx) can be obtained from literature data.

[0163] 3. Mercury emissions to the atmosphere are calculated using the following formula:

[0164] E Hg =c Hg,gas ∑m i ×ω i,Hg ;

[0165] Among them, E Hg represents the mercury emissions from cement kilns in the current scenario model, in tons; cHg,gas represents the flue gas partition coefficient of mercury, which can be obtained from literature data; m i represents the mass of the i-th raw fuel. In the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model, m i It can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises. In the baseline scenario model, m i It can be determined through the calculation process of material input below, in tons; ω i,Hg It represents the mercury content of the ith raw fuel, which can be obtained through the actual data of cement enterprises, in %.

[0166] 4. The atmospheric hydrogen chloride emissions are calculated by the following formula:

[0167] E HCl =c Cl,gas ∑m i ×ω i,Cl ;

[0168] Among them, E HCl It represents the emission of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in cement kilns in tons, c Cl,gas represents the flue gas distribution coefficient of HCl, which can be obtained from literature data; m i represents the mass of the i-th raw fuel. In the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model, m i It can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises. In the baseline scenario model, m i It can be determined by the calculation process of material input below, the unit is tons, ω i,Cl It represents the chlorine (Cl) content of the i-th raw fuel, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in %.

[0169] 2. Calculation of input and output of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model.

[0170] In this embodiment, the unit process of cement kiln clinker production in the baseline scenario model and the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model is consistent. The input and output of cement kiln production of ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model are extrapolated through the material energy input and output of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model. The extrapolation process comprehensively considers the changes caused by cement kiln co-treatment, such as the loss of kiln thermal efficiency, raw material substitution, fluctuations in electricity consumption in various production links, and increased pollution emissions. It can be mainly divided into changes in material input, changes in electricity, and changes in transportation volume.

[0171] At this point, based on the life cycle inventory, the activity levels and emission factors of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model are determined, including: extrapolating the material energy input and output of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model to determine the material input, electricity, and transportation volume in the baseline scenario model; and determining the emissions of atmospheric pollutants in the cement kiln production process based on the life cycle inventory.

[0172] Specifically, since the heat generated by the incineration of hazardous waste can replace coal, in the baseline scenario model, when the cement kiln produces ordinary cement clinker, since hazardous waste is no longer co-disposed, the heat gap provided by the incineration of hazardous waste needs to be supplemented by coal. Considering that the heat replacement ratio between the heat provided by coal and the heat provided by waste incineration in the cement kiln is about 1:1.15, the material energy input and output of the cement kiln co-disposal hazardous waste scenario model are extrapolated and calculated to determine the material input in the baseline scenario model, including:

[0173] When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the coal input is calculated by the following formula:

[0174]

[0175] Among them, m OCP,coal It represents the coal input required for cement kiln to produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, in tons; m CS,coal represents the coal input in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, m CS,coal It can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in tons; LHV OCP,coal Indicates the average lower heating value of coal, LHV OCP,coal It can be obtained through the actual data of cement enterprises, with the unit of GJ / t; m CS,HW represents the amount of hazardous waste disposed in the scenario model of cement kiln co-disposal of hazardous waste, m CS,HW It can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises in tons. Since the functional unit is 1 ton, m CS,HW The value can also be 1 ton; LHV CS,HW Indicates the average lower heating value of mixed hazardous waste, LHV CS,HW It can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, and the unit is GJ / t; 1.15 represents the replacement ratio of the heat provided by waste incineration to the heat provided by coal combustion, and 1.15 is obtained through literature statistical data, that is, background data. In other embodiments, 1.15 can also be changed to other values ​​according to statistical results, and this embodiment does not limit the value of the replacement ratio. At this time, the material input includes coal input.

[0176] Limestone is the main source of calcium for cement clinker production. Since hazardous waste and coal contain some calcium components, the reduction in hazardous waste disposal will reduce calcium input, and the increase in coal use will increase system calcium input, thus causing fluctuations in limestone input. In the baseline scenario, when cement kilns produce ordinary cement clinker, that is, when cement kilns do not carry out co-treatment, limestone input is calculated by the following formula:

[0177]

[0178] Among them, m OCP,limestone It represents the limestone input required for cement kiln to produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, in tons; m CS,limestone represents the amount of limestone input in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste. CS,limestone It can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in tons; m OCP,HW It represents the amount of hazardous waste disposed when cement kilns produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, in tons. Since cement kilns in the baseline scenario model do not dispose of hazardous waste, m OCP,HW Here the value is 0; Ca,coal Indicates the calcium content in coal, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in percentage (%); ω Ca,limestone Indicates the calcium content in limestone, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement companies, in %; ω Ca,HW It indicates the calcium content in the mixed hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises in %. At this time, the material input also includes limestone input.

[0179] Since hazardous waste and coal contain some iron components, changes in their usage will affect the usage of iron raw materials for cement clinker calcination. Here we mainly consider the changes in the usage of converter slag. At this time, if the cement kiln does not carry out coordinated disposal, the input of converter slag is calculated by the following formula:

[0180]

[0181] Among them, m OCP,slag It represents the amount of converter slag required for cement kiln to produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, in tons; m CS,slag It represents the input amount of converter slag in the scenario model of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real scene data of cement enterprises, in tons; ω Fe,coal Indicates the iron content in coal, in %,ω Fe,slag Indicates the iron content in converter slag, in %, ω Fe,HW Indicates the iron content in hazardous waste, in %; the iron content in coal, converter slag and hazardous waste can all be obtained through the real-life data of cement companies. At this time, material input also includes converter slag input.

[0182] Due to changes in the input of materials such as coal, limestone, and converter slag, the power fluctuations in the processing and disposal links of each material will be caused accordingly. Specifically, based on the material energy input and output of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model, the power in the baseline scenario model is determined by extrapolating the calculation, including:

[0183] Due to the increase in coal consumption, additional electricity is required for coal powder preparation. Therefore, if the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the electricity consumption of coal powder preparation is calculated by the following formula:

[0184]

[0185] Among them, Electricity OCP,PCP It represents the electricity consumption of coal powder preparation in the case of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, in kilowatt-hours (kWh). CS,PCP It represents the electricity consumption of coal powder preparation in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real scene data of cement enterprises, and the unit is kWh; m OC It indicates the coal output of the coal vertical mill used in the coal powder preparation process, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in tons per hour (t / h); CM It indicates the power of the coal mill used in the coal powder preparation process, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in kilowatts (kW); P CW It indicates the power of the coal mill fan used in the coal powder preparation process, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in kW. At this time, the electric energy includes the electricity consumption in the coal powder preparation process.

[0186] Due to the change in limestone consumption, the power consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization fluctuates. The power consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization is calculated by the following formula:

[0187]

[0188] Among them, Electricity OCP,LP It represents the electricity consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization in the production of ordinary cement clinker in the cement kiln in the baseline scenario model, in kWh; CS,LP It represents the electricity consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real scene data of cement enterprises. The unit is kWh, m OL It indicates the output of the crusher used in the limestone crushing and homogenization process, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in t / h; P LCIt indicates the power of the crusher used in the limestone crushing and homogenizing stage, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in kW. At this time, the electric energy includes the power consumption of the limestone crushing and homogenizing stage.

[0189] Due to the change in the amount of raw materials such as limestone and converter slag added, the electricity consumption of the raw mill in the raw meal homogenization stage also changes. Therefore, when the cement kiln does not carry out co-treatment, the electricity consumption of the raw mill stage is calculated by the following formula:

[0190]

[0191] Among them, Electricity OCP,RMP It represents the electricity consumption of the raw mill in the case of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, in kWh; CS,RMP It represents the electricity consumption of the raw mill in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in kWh; m OCP,RM It represents the raw material quantity when cement kiln produces ordinary cement clinker in the benchmark scenario model, in tons. The raw material quantity includes the total weight of material input in the benchmark scenario model above; m CS,RM It represents the amount of raw material in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real scene data of cement enterprises, in tons, m ORM Indicates the output of the raw mill, in t / h; P RMM It represents the power of the raw mill, which can be obtained through the actual data of the cement enterprise, and the unit is kW.

[0192] Due to the change in the amount of coal, limestone and other materials added, the transportation volume of each raw material will change accordingly. Specifically, based on the material energy input and output of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model, the transportation volume in the baseline scenario model is determined by extrapolating the calculation, including:

[0193] If cement kilns do not carry out co-processing, the transportation volume is calculated by the following formula:

[0194] Transport OCP,a =Transport C S,a +Distance a ×m OCP,a -m CS,a );

[0195] The subscript a indicates the material whose transport volume changes due to the change of input volume, for example: a indicates materials such as coal, limestone or converter slag; OCP,a Represents the transportation volume of material a in the baseline scenario model; TransportCS,a It represents the transportation volume of material a in the scenario model of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste. It can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises. The unit is ton-kilometer (t km), which represents the product of the mass of the material and the transportation distance. a represents the transportation distance of material a from the production area to the cement enterprise, which can be obtained through the real-life data of the cement enterprise. OCP,a It represents the dosage of material a in the baseline scenario model, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises, in tons; m CS,a It represents the dosage of material a in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, which can be obtained through the real-life data of cement enterprises and is measured in tons.

[0196] For emission factors, in this embodiment, the widely used professional emission factor databases Ecoinvent (v3.8) and GaBi database (version 10.6.2.9) were used.

[0197] Step 105, based on the activity level and emission factors, the environmental impact of the co-treatment of hazardous wastes in cement kilns is determined using LCA.

[0198] In this embodiment, based on the activity level and emission factor, the LCA method is used to determine the environmental impact of the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns, including: determining the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, to obtain the first life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model; determining the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process for producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the benchmark scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, to obtain the second life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the ordinary cement clinker production part; determining the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process for hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the benchmark scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, to obtain the third life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the hazardous waste incineration part; determining the sum of the second life cycle environmental impact and the third life cycle environmental impact, to obtain the fourth life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the benchmark scenario model; determining the difference between the first life cycle environmental impact and the fourth life cycle environmental impact, to obtain the environmental impact of the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns.

[0199] Specifically, the environmental impact can be determined by the following formula:

[0200] EB=EI CS -EI NS =EI CS -(EI OCP +EI incineration );

[0201] Among them, EB is the environmental impact (or life cycle environmental benefit) of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model, the subscript CS represents the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model, the subscript NS represents the baseline scenario model, the subscript OCP represents the ordinary cement clinker production part in the baseline scenario model, the subscript incineration represents the hazardous waste incineration part in the baseline scenario model, and EI represents the life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the corresponding scenario model.

[0202] The life cycle environmental impact of each scenario model (including the first life cycle environmental impact, second life cycle environmental impact and third life cycle environmental impact mentioned above) is calculated by the following formula:

[0203] EI=∑AC i ×EF i

[0204] Among them, AC represents each activity level, EF represents the emission factor of the corresponding environmental impact, and the subscript i represents the index of each unit process in each scenario model.

[0205] In one example, environmental impacts include multiple types; different types of environmental impacts include at least two of the following: acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), global warming potential (GWP), human toxicity potential (HTP), marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP), terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP), and abiotic depletion potential for fossil fuels (ADP). f ).

[0206] For each emission factor in the same scenario model, different types of environmental impacts have different corresponding emission factor values; the scenario model includes a cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and a baseline scenario model. Therefore, the environmental impact corresponding to each type can be determined based on different emission factors.

[0207] Step 106, based on the activity level and market price level, the economic benefits of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste are determined using the NC method.

[0208] In this embodiment, the net cost-benefit analysis also needs to collect the market price level of each unit process. The market price level includes cost and revenue data. This data can be obtained through a price trading platform. In other embodiments, it can also be obtained through literature data and other methods. This embodiment does not limit the method of obtaining the cost and revenue data of each unit process.

[0209] Based on the activity level and market price level, the net cost-benefit analysis (NC) method is used to determine the economic benefits of the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns, including: determining the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model, to obtain the first total cost of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model; determining the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process and the unit income generated corresponding to the activity level within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model, to obtain the first total income of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model; determining the difference between the first total cost and the first total income, to obtain the first net cost of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model; determining the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process for producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the benchmark scenario model and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level, to obtain the second total cost of producing ordinary cement clinker; determining the The second total income of producing ordinary cement clinker is obtained by summing the activity level of each unit process of producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the quasi-scenario model and the product of the unit income generated corresponding to the activity level; the second net cost of producing ordinary cement clinker is obtained by determining the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the benchmark scenario model and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level, and the third total cost of hazardous waste incineration is obtained; the third total income of hazardous waste incineration is obtained by summing the activity level of each unit process of hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the benchmark scenario model and the product of the unit income generated corresponding to the activity level; the third net cost of hazardous waste incineration is obtained by determining the difference between the third total cost and the third total income; the sum of the second net cost and the third net cost is determined to obtain the fourth net cost of the benchmark scenario model; the difference between the first net cost and the fourth net cost is determined to obtain the economic benefit.

[0210] Specifically, the calculation method of economic benefits can be expressed by the following formula:

[0211] CB=NC CS -NC NS =NC CS -(NC OCP +NC incineration );

[0212] Among them, CB represents the economic benefits of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, negative values ​​represent profitability of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, and positive values ​​represent that cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste cannot achieve independent profitability. Subscript CS represents cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model, subscript NS represents baseline scenario model, subscript OCP represents the ordinary cement clinker production part in the baseline scenario model, subscript incineration represents the hazardous waste incineration part in the baseline scenario model, and NC represents the life cycle net cost benefit of each scenario model (including the first net cost, second net cost, and third net cost mentioned above).

[0213] The life cycle net cost benefit NC within the model system boundary of each scenario model can be calculated by the following formula:

[0214] NC = TC-TR;

[0215] Among them, TC represents the total cost within the model system boundary of each scenario model, and TR represents the total revenue within the model system boundary of the scenario model.

[0216] The total cost TC is calculated by the following formula:

[0217] TC=∑(AC i ×PC i );

[0218] Among them, PC refers to the unit cost of the corresponding input, in yuan; AC represents each activity level, and the subscript i represents the index of each unit process in each scenario model.

[0219] The total revenue TR is calculated by the following formula:

[0220] TR=∑(AC i ×PR i );

[0221] Among them, PR refers to the unit revenue of the corresponding output, in yuan.

[0222] Optionally, step 106 may be executed before step 105, or may be executed before step 105, or may be executed simultaneously with step 105. This embodiment does not limit the execution order between steps 105 and 106.

[0223] In summary, the environmental economic benefit evaluation method for the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns provided in this embodiment constructs a cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and a benchmark scenario model based on the same predefined functional unit; determines the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the second model system boundary of the benchmark scenario model based on the predefined life cycle range; obtains a life cycle inventory based on the first model system boundary and the second model system boundary; determines the activity level and emission factor of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the benchmark scenario model based on the life cycle inventory; determines the environmental impact of the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns by LCA based on the activity level and emission factor; determines the economic benefits of the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns by NC based on the activity level and market price level; since the activity level includes the emission of atmospheric pollutants in different scenario models, as well as the material input, electricity, and transportation volume in the benchmark scenario model; therefore, the changes in the thermal efficiency loss of cement kilns, the input and transportation of raw and auxiliary materials, the electricity consumption of various production links, and pollution emissions caused by the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns are taken into account, which can improve the accuracy of model evaluation.

[0224] In addition, the traditional cement kiln co-processing life cycle environmental impact model ignores the sensitivity analysis and / or uncertainty analysis of the model. Based on this, based on the above embodiment, the parameter change analysis method is used to determine the sensitivity of environmental impact and economic benefits to the fluctuation of input parameters; the sensitivity is calculated by the following formula:

[0225]

[0226] Among them, S ij represents the sensitivity of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit output under the condition of the ith input parameter, x i Indicates the initial value of the i-th input parameter, y j represents the initial assessment value of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit, △x i Indicates the change value of the i-th input parameter, △y j represents the change in the evaluation results of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit, x i ' represents the changed value of the i input parameter, y' represents the changed value of the j-th type of environmental impact or economic benefit assessment result; i and j are both positive integers.

[0227] In this embodiment, a parameter change analysis method is adopted to determine the percentage of change of a single parameter in advance, and calculate the proportion of change in model results when a single parameter changes by that percentage, thereby determining the sensitivity of the parameters, so as to determine which parameter has a greater impact on the output results of the model. In this way, the parameters that have a greater impact on the model can be adjusted according to the analysis results of environmental and economic benefits (including the environmental impacts and economic benefits mentioned above), thereby improving the efficiency of changing the analysis results.

[0228] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, the uncertainty of the model can also be processed. The uncertainty of the model includes the following three types: observation uncertainty, model structure uncertainty and parameter uncertainty.

[0229] For observational uncertainty, the uncertainty of the model is processed, including: the annual mean of the real-life data input into the model is used as the input value to reduce the observational uncertainty.

[0230] Regarding model uncertainty, according to the above embodiments, the present application takes into account the impact of hazardous waste components on the input of raw materials and fossil fuels involved in cement clinker production, transportation load, electricity consumption of each unit process and pollutant emissions, thereby reducing model uncertainty.

[0231] Regarding parameter uncertainty, in this embodiment, for each emission factor, the fluctuation boundary of the emission factor is determined based on different values ​​of the same emission factor in different databases; based on the fluctuation boundary of the emission factor, the uncertainty analysis of the environmental impact is performed using Monte Carlo simulation.

[0232] Among them, different databases include but are not limited to: the power grid carbon emission factors officially released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the GaBi database (i.e., a professional emission factor database) to determine the fluctuation boundary of the energy carbon emission factor. Specifically, the minimum value of the same emission factor in different databases is used as the lower limit of the fluctuation boundary, and the maximum value of the same emission factor in different databases is used as the upper limit of the fluctuation boundary.

[0233] Through Monte Carlo simulation, the uncertainty of input variables can be propagated to output variables, thereby obtaining the uncertainty of environmental impacts.

[0234] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, after steps 105 and 106, the final environmental impact and economic benefits may also be explained.

[0235] In one example, the environmental impact corresponding to each unit process in the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model is determined; the environmental impact corresponding to each unit process is sorted from large to small, and based on the sorting results, the unit processes corresponding to the first n environmental impacts are determined as target unit processes that affect environmental economic benefits. n is a positive integer. Based on the target unit process and generate improvement suggestions.

[0236] Optionally, the electronic device may also determine the material input corresponding to each unit process in the cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model and the baseline scenario model; sort the material input corresponding to each unit process in order from large to small to illustrate the material with a large input. And / or, determine the net cost corresponding to each unit process in the cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model and the baseline scenario model; sort the net cost corresponding to each unit process in order from large to small to illustrate the unit process with a higher cost, etc. This embodiment does not limit the electronic device's data processing method corresponding to each unit process.

[0237] In other embodiments, the explanation may also include other content, such as: setting goals that can quantify and evaluate the environmental performance of each unit process in the cement kiln co-treatment process to help improve or consolidate and expand the environmental benefits of the unit process. For example, if the use of electricity and the addition of fossil fuels in the treatment process are the main sources of environmental impact, targeted improvement suggestions can be made for the electricity use and fossil fuel addition links, such as increase or decrease.

[0238] Another example is to check whether the data included in the environmental economic benefit assessment are included in the model system boundary (i.e. Figure 2 and Figure 3 Whether it complies with Figure 2 and Figure 3 Have the data of each unit process listed in the analysis been included in the calculation? Any missing data needs to be modified to match the Figure 2 and Figure 3 Keep corresponding).

[0239] For example: Check whether the improvement suggestions are consistent with the target setting. For example, if the target setting wants to expand a certain type of environmental impact based on the environmental impact assessment of cement kiln synergistic technology, it is necessary to propose measures for this type of environmental impact.

[0240] The following is an example of a cement plant in Beijing co-disposing hazardous waste generated by Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone (hereinafter referred to as the Economic and Technological Development Zone) to evaluate the environmental and economic benefits of the cement plant's disposal of 1 ton of mixed hazardous waste generated in the Economic and Technological Development Zone. The cement plant uses a rotary kiln with a hazardous waste disposal capacity of 100,000 tons / year. It disposes more than 70% of the hazardous waste in the Economic and Technological Development Zone, of which organic solvent waste, waste dyes and coatings, and surface treatment waste are the main types of waste transported to the cement plant from the Economic and Technological Development Zone. The functional unit is defined as the production of a certain quality of cement clinker while processing 1 ton of mixed hazardous waste generated in the Economic and Technological Development Zone. The production data of the enterprise in the past four years is used to construct a scenario of cement kiln co-disposal of hazardous waste, and the ordinary cement clinker production data of the baseline scenario is extrapolated. The data of the hazardous waste incineration part is constructed based on literature research. The fluctuation range of the material and energy input and output of the enterprise over the four years is set as the upper and lower limits of the parameter sensitivity analysis, and Oracle Crystal Ball software (version 11.1.2.4.400) is used to carry out sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.

[0241] In this example, the environmental impacts of the cement kiln co-processing hazardous waste scenario (CS) model and the baseline scenario (NS) model are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the evaluation, the global warming potential of the CS model is reduced by 11% compared with the NS model, that is, the CS model can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 17,000 tons per year. At the same time, the ozone depletion potential, eutrophication potential and human toxicity potential decreased by 83%, 59% and 45% respectively. In contrast, terrestrial ecotoxicity and photochemical oxidation increased by 95% and 56% respectively, which is mainly due to the increase in mercury emissions caused by hazardous waste disposal in the CS model.

[0242] In addition, in this example, the economic benefits of the CS and NS scenario models, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the economic net cost of the CS scenario model is -1824 yuan / ton of hazardous waste, which is 133 yuan more than the economic benefit of the NS scenario model per ton of hazardous waste. That is, the CS scenario model can save 8% of operating costs per year in treating hazardous waste. The uncertainty analysis of the economic net cost of the CS scenario model and the NS scenario model is detailed in Figure 6 In this example, the disposal of hazardous waste in the CS scenario model can increase the economic benefits by 1.54 million yuan per year.

[0243] Figure 7 1 is a block diagram of an environmental economic benefit evaluation device for cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 7 As shown, the device includes at least the following modules: a scenario construction module 710 , a boundary determination module 720 , a data acquisition module 730 , a data determination module 740 , a first evaluation module 750 and a second evaluation module 760 .

[0244] A scenario construction module 710 is used to construct a cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and a baseline scenario model based on a predefined same functional unit; wherein the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model is used to indicate the flow process of materials and energy when the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste is used, and the baseline scenario model is used to indicate the flow process of materials and energy when ordinary cement clinker is produced by the cement kiln alone, and when hazardous waste is incinerated alone;

[0245] The boundary determination module 720 is used to determine the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model based on a predefined life cycle range.

[0246] The life cycle scope includes: the process from the production, transportation and processing of raw and auxiliary materials to the calcination of cement clinker to produce clinker;

[0247] A data acquisition module 730 is used to compile a life cycle inventory based on the first model system boundary and the second model system boundary;

[0248] The data determination module 740 is used to determine the activity level and emission factor of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model based on the life cycle inventory.

[0249] The activity level is the basic data for quantifying the impact of human activities on the environment; the emission factor refers to the environmental impact per unit activity level; the activity level includes the emissions of air pollutants in different scenario models, and the material input, electricity, and transportation volume in the baseline scenario model;

[0250] A first assessment module 750 is used to determine the environmental impact of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste by adopting a life cycle assessment (LCA) method based on the activity level and the emission factor;

[0251] The second evaluation module 760 is used to determine the economic benefits of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste based on the activity level and market price level by adopting a net cost-benefit analysis (NC) method.

[0252] In some embodiments, the functions or modules included in the device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used to execute the method described in the above method embodiments. The specific implementation can refer to the description of the above method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0253] The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which computer program instructions are stored, and the computer program instructions implement the above method when executed by a processor. The computer-readable storage medium can be a volatile or non-volatile computer-readable storage medium.

[0254] An embodiment of the present disclosure further proposes an electronic device, comprising: a processor; and a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to implement the above method when executing the instructions stored in the memory.

[0255] The embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer program product, including a computer-readable code, or a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium carrying the computer-readable code. When the computer-readable code runs in a processor of an electronic device, the processor in the electronic device executes the above method.

[0256] Figure 8 1 is a block diagram of an environmental economic benefit evaluation device 1900 for co-disposal of hazardous wastes in a cement kiln according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the device 1900 may be provided as a server or a terminal device. Figure 8 , the apparatus 1900 includes a processing component 1922, which further includes one or more processors, and a memory resource represented by a memory 1932 for storing instructions, such as an application, that can be executed by the processing component 1922. The application stored in the memory 1932 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. In addition, the processing component 1922 is configured to execute instructions to perform the above method.

[0257] The device 1900 may also include a power supply component 1926 configured to perform power management of the device 1900, a wired or wireless network interface 1950 configured to connect the device 1900 to a network, and an input / output interface 1958 (I / O interface). The device 1900 may operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 1932, such as Windows Server 2000. TM , MacOS X TM , Unix TM ,Linux TM , FreeBSD TM or similar.

[0258] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium is also provided, such as a memory 1932 including computer program instructions, which can be executed by the processing component 1922 of the device 1900 to perform the above method.

[0259] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the environmental economic benefits of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous wastes, characterized in that: The method comprises: Based on the same predefined functional unit, a cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and a baseline scenario model are constructed respectively; wherein the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model is used to indicate the flow process of materials and energy when hazardous waste is co-treated through the cement kiln, and the baseline scenario model is used to indicate the flow process of materials and energy when ordinary cement clinker is produced through the cement kiln alone, and when hazardous waste is incinerated alone; Based on a predefined life cycle range, respectively determining a first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model and a second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model; compiling a life cycle inventory based on the first model system boundary and the second model system boundary; Based on the life cycle inventory, determine the activity level and emission factor of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model; Based on the activity level and emission factors, the environmental impact of the co-processing of hazardous waste in cement kilns is determined using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach; Based on the described activity levels and market price levels, the net cost-benefit analysis (NC) approach is used to determine the economic benefits of co-processing hazardous waste in cement kilns.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the activity level and the emission factor, the environmental impact of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste is determined by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, including: Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, and obtain the corresponding first life cycle environmental impact amount of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model; Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, and obtain the second life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the ordinary cement clinker production part; Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the emission factor corresponding to the activity level, and obtain the third life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the hazardous waste incineration part; Determine the sum of the second life cycle environmental impact and the third life cycle environmental impact to obtain a fourth life cycle environmental impact corresponding to the baseline scenario model; The difference between the first life cycle environmental impact and the fourth life cycle environmental impact is determined to obtain the environmental impact of the cement kiln's coordinated disposal of hazardous waste.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The environmental impacts include multiple types; different types of environmental impacts include at least two of the following: acidification potential, eutrophication potential, global warming potential, human toxicity potential, marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential, ozone layer depletion potential, photochemical oxidant generation potential, terrestrial ecotoxicity potential, and fossil fuel non-living resource depletion potential; For each emission factor in the same scenario model, different types of environmental impacts correspond to different emission factor values; wherein the scenario model includes a cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the activity level and market price level, the net cost-benefit analysis (NC) method is used to determine the economic benefits of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, including: Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model, and obtain the first total cost of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model; Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process and the unit revenue corresponding to the activity level within the first model system boundary of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model, and obtain the first total revenue of the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model; Determine the difference between the first total cost and the first total income to obtain a first net cost of the cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model; Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level to obtain the second total cost of producing ordinary cement clinker; Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of producing ordinary cement clinker within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the unit generated revenue corresponding to the activity level, and obtain the second total revenue of producing ordinary cement clinker; Determine the difference between the second total cost and the second total revenue to obtain a second net cost of producing ordinary cement clinker; Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the unit input cost corresponding to the activity level to obtain the third total cost of hazardous waste incineration; Determine the sum of the product of the activity level of each unit process of hazardous waste incineration within the second model system boundary of the baseline scenario model and the unit generated benefits corresponding to the activity level to obtain a third total benefit of hazardous waste incineration; Determine the difference between the third total cost and the third total income to obtain a third net cost of hazardous waste incineration; determining the sum of the second net cost and the third net cost to obtain a fourth net cost of the baseline scenario model; The difference between the first net cost and the fourth net cost is determined to obtain the economic benefit.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the activity level and emission factor of the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model based on the life cycle inventory includes: Based on the material energy input and output of the cement kiln coordinated hazardous waste disposal scenario model, an extrapolated calculation is performed to determine the material input, electric energy, and transportation volume in the baseline scenario model; The amount of atmospheric pollutant emissions during the cement kiln production process is determined based on the life cycle inventory.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The material energy input and output based on the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model are extrapolated and calculated to determine the material input, electric energy, and transportation volume in the baseline scenario model, including: When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the coal input is calculated by the following formula: Among them, m OCP,coal represents the coal input required for cement kiln to produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model; m CS,coal Indicates the amount of coal input in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste; LHV OCP,coal Indicates the average lower calorific value of coal, m CS,HW Indicates the amount of hazardous waste disposed under the CS scenario, LHV CS,HW It represents the average lower calorific value of mixed hazardous waste, and 1.15 represents the replacement ratio of the heat provided by waste incineration to the heat provided by coal combustion; In the case of cement kiln without co-processing, limestone input is calculated by the following formula: Among them, m OCP,limestone It represents the limestone input required for the cement kiln to produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model; m CS,limestone represents the limestone input in the cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste scenario model, m OCP,HW represents the amount of hazardous waste disposed of when cement kilns produce ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, and the value here is 0, ω Ca,coal Indicates the calcium content in coal, ω Ca,limestone Indicates the calcium content in limestone, ω Ca,HW Indicates the calcium content in mixed hazardous waste; When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the converter slag input is calculated by the following formula: Among them, m OCP,slag It represents the amount of converter slag required for the production of ordinary cement clinker in the cement kiln in the benchmark scenario model, m CS,slag represents the input amount of converter slag in the scenario model of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste, ω Fe,coal Indicates the iron content in coal, ω Fe,slag Indicates the iron content in converter slag, ω Fe,HW Indicates the iron content in hazardous waste; When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the electricity consumption of coal powder preparation is calculated by the following formula: Among them, Electricity OCP,PCP The electricity consumption of coal powder preparation in the case of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model is represented by Electricity CS,PCP represents the electricity consumption of coal powder preparation in the scenario model of cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste, m OC It represents the coal output of the vertical coal mill used in the coal powder preparation process, P CM Indicates the power of the coal mill used in the coal powder preparation process, P CW Indicates the power of the coal mill fan used in the coal powder preparation process; When the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the electricity consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization is calculated by the following formula: Among them, Electricity OCP,LP It represents the electricity consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization in the case of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model. CS,LP represents the electricity consumption of limestone crushing and homogenization in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, m OL It represents the output of the crusher used in the limestone crushing and homogenization process, P LC Indicates the power of the crusher used in the limestone crushing and homogenization process; If the cement kiln does not carry out co-processing, the electricity consumption of the raw mill is calculated by the following formula: Among them, Electricity OCP,RMP The electricity consumption of the raw mill in the case of cement kiln producing ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model is represented by Electricity CS,RMP represents the electricity consumption of the raw mill in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, m OCP,RM represents the raw material quantity when the cement kiln produces ordinary cement clinker in the baseline scenario model, m CS,RM represents the amount of raw material in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, m ORM Represents the output of the raw mill, P RMM Indicates the power of the raw mill; If cement kilns do not carry out co-processing, the transportation volume is calculated by the following formula: Transport OCP,a =Transport CS,a +Distance a ×m OCP,a -m CS,a ); The subscript a indicates that the material whose transport volume changes due to changes in input volume. OCP,a Indicates the transportation volume of material a in the baseline scenario model, Transport CS,a It represents the transportation volume of material a in the scenario model of cement kiln co-treatment of hazardous waste, Distance a Indicates the transportation distance of material a from the production area to the cement enterprise, m OCP,a represents the dosage of material a in the baseline scenario model, m CS,a It represents the dosage of material a in the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Using parameter change analysis to determine the sensitivity of the environmental impacts and economic benefits to fluctuations in input parameters; The sensitivity is calculated by the following formula: Among them, S ij represents the sensitivity of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit output under the condition of the ith input parameter, x i Indicates the initial value of the i-th input parameter, y j represents the initial assessment value of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit, △x i Indicates the change value of the i-th input parameter, △y j represents the change in the evaluation results of the jth type of environmental impact or economic benefit, x i ' represents the changed value of the i input parameter, and y' represents the changed value of the evaluation result of the j-th type of environmental impact or economic benefit; both i and j are positive integers.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises: For each emission factor, determine the fluctuation boundary of the emission factor based on different values ​​of the same emission factor in different databases; Based on the fluctuation boundary of the emission factor, Monte Carlo simulation is used to conduct uncertainty analysis on the environmental impact.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Determine the environmental impact amount corresponding to each unit process in the cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous waste scenario model and the baseline scenario model; sort the environmental impact amounts corresponding to the various unit processes in descending order, and determine the unit processes corresponding to the first n environmental impact amounts as target unit processes affecting environmental economic benefits based on the sorting results; n is a positive integer; Improvement suggestions are generated based on the target unit process.

10. An environmental economic benefit evaluation device for cement kiln coordinated disposal of hazardous wastes, characterized in that: include: processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; Wherein, the processor is configured to implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 9 when executing the instructions stored in the memory.

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