Self-energized intelligent spacer based on galloping energy collection

Abstract

A self-energized intelligent spacer based on galloping energy collection is characterized in that a vibration energy collector is embedded in a double-pendulum anti-galloping part and is responsible for converting mechanical energy generated by galloping into electric energy, and an energy management circuit improves output power through a matching circuit and then rectifies and boosts the energy to store the energy in an energy storage element to be used by a force monitoring system and a data interconnection terminal. The intelligent monitoring system stress module deposits the dielectric printing substrate, the capacitive flexible strain electrode and the protective layer at the joint of the connecting rod and the body frame through aerosol printing, and the center of the connecting rod converts the stress condition into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the data interconnection module. And the data interconnection module realizes interconnection communication between the spacers and between the spacers and the intelligent power grid terminal through a low-power-consumption communication chip, and uploads data to a cloud platform through the intelligent power grid terminal, thereby realizing cloud monitoring of the line state. The integrated intelligent manufacturing technology is adopted, the integration degree is high, and the strain gauges are high in strain coefficient, low in hysteresis and high in stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to smart grid monitoring technology, and in particular to the field of conductor dancing monitoring technology, and specifically is a self-powered smart spacer based on dancing energy collection. Background Art

[0002] The stability of power transmission plays a vital role in the development of modern smart grids. Under special meteorological conditions such as strong winds and ice, high-voltage overhead transmission lines will produce a low-frequency, large-amplitude dancing phenomenon. This phenomenon can cause fatigue breakage of the line and damage to hardware, which has a serious impact on power supply safety. Traditional spacers only suppress the dancing phenomenon, but do not have the function of intelligent monitoring.

[0003] To realize smart grid, we need to rely on stable, high-quality and reliable information sensing technology, which requires low-voltage DC driver chips. Traditional power supply methods for transmission line sensors mainly include solar power supply, battery power supply and mutual induction power supply. However, these power supply methods are greatly affected by environmental factors, batteries need frequent maintenance and replacement, and are costly.

[0004] At the same time, the existing line dancing monitoring technology, the first type, relies on cameras at both ends of the elevated iron tower, which is greatly affected by the weather and is difficult to work in bad weather. At the same time, it lacks the ability to detect minor equipment failures such as damage to the single-strand connecting rod of the spacer. The second type of discrete dancing sensors can achieve all-weather and all-round automatic monitoring. However, they are generally installed independently on single-strand conductors, which will damage the conductors, increase additional costs and line burdens, and cannot monitor the damage of the spacer. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art in high-voltage power supply and intelligent monitoring technology of spacer bars. The present invention proposes a self-powered intelligent spacer bar based on dancing energy collection, which monitors the stress of the spacer bar without the need for additional power supply, and then reflects the dancing of the line. It also has a double pendulum anti-dancing hammer. The slow star-shaped slow damping energy collection device design plays a certain anti-dancing role. The capacitive strain gauge data acquisition is rapid and accurate, and the use of aerosol technology makes it more fit to the surface of the main frame and has high durability. Data interconnection and relay transmission can also be achieved between the spacer bars, which reduces the distance of data transmission and reduces the transmission energy consumption while ensuring the reliability of the line dancing data.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection, including a pair of cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvesters, a double pendulum anti-dance device, a main circuit, a flexible radio frequency antenna, a spacer body, a slow star-shaped slow damping energy harvesting device, a stress sensor, a connecting rod, a crab claw bionic wire clamp, a connecting bracket, a vibration monitoring sensor and a star-shaped slow damping energy harvesting device. Two cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvesters are respectively embedded in the cavities of two connecting rods of the double pendulum anti-dance device, and are rectified, boosted and stored through the energy management system of the main circuit. The spacer The main body is connected to the double pendulum anti-dance device through a connecting bracket. The stress sensor and the vibration monitoring sensor are located on the surface of the end of the double pendulum anti-dance device. They are encoded through the data processing part of the main circuit and data communication is carried out through a flexible radio frequency antenna. The main circuit and the flexible radio frequency antenna are located on the connecting bracket. Each node of the spacer rod main body has a slow star-shaped slow damping energy collection device and is connected to the crab claw bionic clamp through a connecting rod. A star-shaped slow damping energy collection device is placed in the center of the spacer rod main body, and the star-shaped slow damping energy collection device is connected to each node of the spacer rod main body.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester includes a pendulum counterweight, an alloy sheet, a pickup coil, a pre-magnetized permanent magnet and a connecting screw. The cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester is embedded in the cavity of the corresponding double pendulum anti-dance device connecting rod through the connecting screws at both ends. The shell at the end of the double pendulum anti-dance device has a pendulum counterweight. One end of the alloy sheet is fixed to the connecting screw in a cantilever manner and the other end corresponds to the pendulum counterweight. There is a pre-magnetized permanent magnet at each end of the alloy sheet. There is a pickup coil in the cavity of the double pendulum anti-dance device connecting rod, and the alloy sheet is in the pickup coil.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the star-shaped slow-damping energy collection device includes a spherical metal ball in the middle, a connecting bearing, a connecting rod, a piston pin and a piston outer wall. The spherical metal ball has a pre-opened bearing groove, the bearing groove is embedded in the connecting bearing and is connected to the piston sheath through a connecting rod, the piston sheath is inserted into the piston outer wall, and the end of the piston outer wall is connected to each node of the spacer rod body.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester is a magnetostrictive material.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the double pendulum anti-dancing device is made of aluminum alloy, the connecting rod is a hollow structure, and a groove for embedding the copper coil is reserved in the inner wall, and is fixed to the connecting bracket by bolts.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the main circuit includes an energy management circuit, a strain gauge voltage collection circuit and a radio frequency communication circuit. The energy management circuit includes an impedance matching circuit, a rectifier and filter circuit, a boost circuit, and a supercapacitor energy storage circuit. The strain gauge voltage collection circuit includes a filter circuit and an A / D conversion part of the main control chip. The radio frequency communication circuit includes a matching circuit and a radio frequency communication part of the main control chip.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the connecting rod is fixed by a bolt with damping. The structure is optimized on the basis of the traditional structure, and the weight reduction and wind resistance reduction design are carried out. The use of metal intelligent manufacturing technology makes complex structural design possible, and the weight is lighter while also ensuring the overall strength of the frame.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the stress sensor uses a capacitive strain gauge manufactured by aerosol printing technology, uses a corrosion-resistant and durable insulating material as a protective layer, uses a dielectric material as a printing substrate, and uses aerosol to spray conductive material to print electrodes with a width of microns. The present invention uses a capacitive strain gauge manufactured by aerosol printing technology, uses a corrosion-resistant and durable insulating material as a protective layer, uses a dielectric material (such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate) as a printing substrate, and uses aerosol to spray conductive material (nanosilver) to print electrodes with a width of microns.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0016] 1. This dancing energy collection type stress monitoring interconnected spacer makes up for the lack of monitoring of the damage of the spacer body and indirectly reflects the dancing of the line. Compared with the existing line dancing monitoring device, it is integrated on the spacer, reduces the line burden, and can realize the simultaneous monitoring of multiple lines.

[0017] 2. The dancing energy harvesting type stress monitoring interconnection spacer uses a vibration energy harvester made of magnetostrictive material to collect the low-frequency mechanical energy generated by the dancing of the line, replacing chemical batteries and solar energy to provide long-lasting and stable electricity for the wireless sensor network nodes, solving the problem of power supply from high-voltage lines.

[0018] 3. The capacitive strain gauge used in the dancing energy collection stress monitoring interconnected spacer is prepared by aerosol printing to achieve fine vibration sensing of a small area. The strain coefficient and response speed are better than those of traditional strain gauges, the structure is more stable, and the service life is longer.

[0019] 4. Multiple dancing energy-harvesting stress monitoring interconnected spacers have the functions of joint networking and relay communication, which can avoid power loss in long-distance signal transmission. The line data will be packaged in the form of data packets and sent to the smart grid terminals on the elevated towers at both ends of the line, and uploaded to the cloud together, reducing the possibility of misoperation.

[0020] 5. The new crab claw bionic structure high-voltage wire clamp makes high-altitude operation easier and the stress distribution is more uniform, which increases the reliability of the wire clamp. The irregular structure forms turbulence and reduces wind resistance at the wire clamp.

[0021] 6. The dancing energy collection type stress monitoring interconnection interval adopts intelligent manufacturing technology, and is designed to reduce weight and wind resistance while ensuring structural strength. The combination of mechanical structure and circuit structure is more stable, which improves the durability of the equipment. At the same time, it has a double pendulum anti-dance hammer and a damping and shock-absorbing device, which has a certain anti-dance effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a main structure diagram of a self-powered intelligent spacer rod based on motion energy harvesting, wherein: 1-cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester, 2-double pendulum anti-dance device, 3-main circuit, 4-flexible radio frequency antenna, 5-spacer rod body, 6-slow star-shaped slow damping energy harvesting device, 7-stress sensor, 8-connecting rod, 9-crab claw bionic wire clamp, 10-connecting bracket, 11-vibration monitoring sensor, 12-star-shaped slow damping energy harvesting device;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration energy harvester; wherein, 13-pendulum counterweight, 14-alloy sheet, 15-pickup coil, 16-pre-magnetized permanent magnet, 17-connecting screw;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a star-shaped slow damping energy collection device, 18-connecting bearing, 19-connecting rod, 20-piston pin, 21-outer wall of piston;

[0025] Figure 4 It is the design diagram of the energy collection circuit of the vibration energy harvester;

[0026] Figure 5 It is the structural design diagram of the stress sensor;

[0027] Figure 6 It is the main circuit design diagram;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of interconnected communication between spacer bar relay and smart grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0030] The present invention provides the self-powered intelligent spacer body as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes a pair of cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvesters 1, a double pendulum anti-dance device 2, a main circuit 3, a flexible radio frequency antenna 4, a spacer rod body 5, a slow star-shaped slow damping energy harvesting device 6, a stress sensor 7, a connecting rod 8, a crab claw bionic wire clamp 9, a connecting bracket 10, a vibration monitoring sensor 11 and a star-shaped slow damping energy harvesting device 12. The two cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvesters 1 are respectively embedded in the cavities of the two connecting rods of the double pendulum anti-dance device 2, and the energy management system of the main circuit 3 is used for rectification and boosting energy storage. The spacer rod body 5 and the double pendulum anti-dance device 2 are connected through The connecting bracket 10 is connected, the stress sensor 7 and the vibration monitoring sensor 11 are located on the surface of the end of the double pendulum anti-dance device 2, are encoded by the data processing part of the main circuit 3, and data communication is carried out through the flexible radio frequency antenna 4. The main circuit 3 and the flexible radio frequency antenna 4 are located on the connecting bracket 10, and each node of the spacer rod body 5 has a slow star-shaped slow damping energy collection device 6 and is connected to the crab claw bionic clamp 9 through a connecting rod 8. A star-shaped slow damping energy collection device 12 is arranged in the center of the spacer rod body 5, and the star-shaped slow damping energy collection device 12 is connected to each node of the spacer rod body 5.

[0031] This application adopts magnesium-aluminum alloy additive manufacturing technology, and reduces the overall wind resistance through fluid mechanics simulation in the structure. At the same time, the structure is reduced in weight based on force field simulation, reducing the mass while ensuring the structural strength.

[0032] The vibration energy harvester is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the alloy sheet 14 is used as the core material of vibration power generation, and is fixed in a cantilever manner. The alloy sheet is fixed to the spacer frame by connecting screws 17, and is pre-magnetized by pre-magnetized permanent magnets 16 at both ends of the sheet. The electromechanical coupling mainly satisfies the Jiles-Atherton model. The relationship between the magnetization intensity of the Fe-Ga alloy sheet and the stress change rate is as shown in the formula;

[0033]

[0034] M rev =c(M an -M irr )

[0035] M=M rev +M irr

[0036] Where M is the average magnetization intensity, σ is the internal stress of the thin film, and E m is the Young's elastic modulus of GMM, c is the irreversible loss coefficient, ξ is the unit volume energy coupling parameter of the material, M an is the magnetization without hysteresis, Mirr is the irreversible magnetization, M rev is the reversible magnetization.

[0037] Through permanent magnet pre-magnetization, the alloy sheet 14 just enters the magnetic domain deflection stage, which enhances the magnetostrictive inverse effect. Through permanent magnet pre-magnetization, there is no need to use a powered coil to generate a magnetic field, which reduces energy loss and also reduces the volume. The pickup coil 15 embedded in the double pendulum anti-dance device has an inner diameter close to that of the sheet in order to reduce the air gap. According to the Faraday electromagnetic induction effect, the induced electromotive force generated by the pickup coil 15 around the Fe-Ga alloy sheet 14 is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] The cantilever magnetostrictive composite vibration energy harvester 1 outputs alternating current. Affected by the environment, its output voltage is random and unstable, and cannot supply the main circuit for normal operation. It is necessary to design corresponding matching circuits, rectification and filtering, DC-DC boost, and energy storage circuits. The magnetostrictive circuit is inductive as a whole. In order to make the load obtain maximum power and meet the bandwidth requirements at the same time, the maximum output power matching in dynamic impedance matching is used, and the matching capacitor C is connected in series to meet the resonance relationship.

[0040] The design flow chart of the star-shaped slow damping energy collection device is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, when the line shakes, the star-shaped slow damping energy collection device 12 at the center of the spacer bar and the spacer bar frame move relative to each other, thereby driving the piston sheath 20 and the pre-magnetized permanent magnet 16 thereon to move. The pre-magnetized permanent magnet 16 cuts the coil in the outer wall 21 of the piston to generate an induced electromotive force, in order to provide the electronic load with a suitable voltage and current and improve the energy conversion efficiency. The energy collection system has a matching energy management circuit and is integrated into the final energy storage circuit. The star-shaped slow damping energy collection device 12 is a spherical metal ball with a pre-opened bearing groove, and a connecting bearing 18 is embedded in the pre-opened groove, and the piston sheath 20 is connected by a connecting rod 19.

[0041] The design flow chart of the energy collection circuit of the vibration energy harvester is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, in order to obtain the maximum power of the load, the load impedance and the internal impedance must satisfy the conjugate relationship. The cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester 1 is inductive as a whole. After the power matching calculation, the matching resistor is connected in series. Since the output voltage of the cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester 1 is low, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit is used to process the output electrical signal of the magnetostrictive energy harvesting unit, and a CRC filter circuit is connected at the back end to eliminate ripples. According to the rated voltage of the main control chip, an appropriate DC-DC chip is selected. A supercapacitor is selected for the energy storage circuit.

[0042] The stress sensor structure is designed as follows Figure 5As shown, a single-layer capacitive strain gauge design is adopted, which is deposited on the surface of the spacer bar frame by aerosol printing and then laser sintered after printing.

[0043] An electrode plate with N electrodes on one side, the length of each electrode is called L, and the width of the electrode is W. The gap between two adjacent electrodes is 2a, and the electrodes on both sides are dielectric constant ε r , surrounded by a uniform dielectric with a thickness of d. The electrode length L needs to be much larger than the electrode width W, and the electrode half gap a needs to be much smaller than the electrode width W. The electrolyte thickness d must be smaller than the field penetration depth T. The formula for the field penetration depth is:

[0044]

[0045] Electrode effective width W eff Satisfies the following equation:

[0046]

[0047] The calculation formula of the capacitance C of a single-layer capacitive strain gauge is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] The main circuit is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the voltage signal collected by the strain gauge is processed by filtering, and then converted into digital by the A / D conversion part of the main control function chip, and the corresponding digital quantity is obtained by the stress-voltage fitting function conversion program obtained based on the experiment. After being encoded by the RF part of the main control chip, the data is sent through the flexible RF antenna 4 for communication. In order to ensure the communication efficiency, the RF antenna also needs to be equipped with corresponding matching and filtering circuits.

[0050] The schematic diagram of the interconnection communication network between the spacer relay and the smart grid is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, after the main chip encodes the stress data, it transmits the data to the spacer bar of the adjacent tower smart grid terminal through the relay chip. The data includes the check bit, the start bit, the spacer bar bit number, the stress data, and the end bit. After the data is merged into a data packet, it continues to be transmitted to the adjacent end. The tower smart grid terminal collects data packets of half a line, which can make an overall judgment on the line condition, avoiding the line false alarm caused by the single spacer bar stress detection failure. At the same time, the form of relay transmission reduces energy loss and data processing pressure of the information collection section. Bidirectional transmission supports the information collection end to send data requests to the spacer bar.

[0051] Working principle: According to the line requirements and the meteorological conditions at the place of use, the mechanical structure design and the outer surface aerodynamic design of the spacer are carried out through simulation. According to the required transmission distance, communication protocol type, and digital-to-analog conversion accuracy, the appropriate main control chip is selected. According to the spacer model obtained by the structural design, the maximum stress is selected as the printing position. According to the requirements of response speed and sampling accuracy, the appropriate strain gauge design is selected, and the stress-voltage curve is obtained experimentally. The function is fitted to the curve and written into the main program. The vibration monitoring sensor 11 is placed at the place where voltage monitoring is required. According to the power requirements of the main control chip, design appropriate vibration energy harvesters and energy collection circuits. The main program should also include relay and communication protocols.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any other form of limitation to the present invention. Any modification or equivalent change made based on the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pair of cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvesters (1), a double pendulum anti-dance device (2), a main circuit (3), a flexible radio frequency antenna (4), a spacer rod body (5), a slow star-shaped slow damping energy harvesting device (6), a stress sensor (7), a connecting rod (8), a crab claw bionic wire clamp (9), a connecting bracket (10), a vibration monitoring sensor (11) and a star-shaped slow damping energy harvesting device (12). The two cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvesters (1) are respectively embedded in the cavities of the two connecting rods of the double pendulum anti-dance device (2), and are rectified, boosted and stored in energy through the energy management system of the main circuit (3). The spacer rod body (5) and the double pendulum anti-dance device (2) are connected to each other. The device is connected to a connecting bracket (10), the stress sensor (7) and the vibration monitoring sensor (11) are located on the surface of the end of the double pendulum anti-dance device (2), are encoded by the data processing part of the main circuit (3), and data communication is carried out through the flexible radio frequency antenna (4), the main circuit (3) and the flexible radio frequency antenna (4) are located on the connecting bracket (10), each node of the spacer rod body (5) has a slow star-shaped slow damping energy collection device (6) and is connected to the crab claw bionic wire clamp (9) through a connecting rod (8), and a star-shaped slow damping energy collection device (12) is arranged at the center of the spacer rod body (5), and the star-shaped slow damping energy collection device (12) is connected to each node of the spacer rod body (5).

2. According to claim 1, a self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection is characterized in that: The cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester (1) comprises a pendulum counterweight (13), an alloy sheet (14), a pickup coil (15), a pre-magnetized permanent magnet (16) and a connecting screw (17). The cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester (1) is embedded in a cavity corresponding to a connecting rod of a double pendulum anti-dance device (2) through connecting screws (17) at both ends. A pendulum counterweight (13) is provided in a shell at the end of the double pendulum anti-dance device (2). One end of the alloy sheet (14) is fixed to the connecting screw (17) in a cantilever manner and the other end corresponds to the pendulum counterweight (13). A pre-magnetized permanent magnet (16) is provided at each end of the alloy sheet (14). A pickup coil (15) is provided in the cavity of the connecting rod of the double pendulum anti-dance device (2). The alloy sheet (14) is in the pickup coil (15).

3. The self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The star-shaped slow-damping energy collection device (12) comprises a spherical metal ball in the middle, a connecting bearing (18), a connecting rod (19), a piston pin (20) and a piston outer wall (21); the spherical metal ball has a pre-opened bearing groove, the bearing groove is embedded in the connecting bearing (18) and is connected to the piston sheath (20) through the connecting rod (19); the piston sheath (20) is inserted into the piston outer wall (21), and the end of the piston outer wall (21) is connected to each node of the spacer rod body (5).

4. The self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cantilever magnetostrictive composite material vibration energy harvester (1) is made of magnetostrictive material.

5. The self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The double pendulum anti-dance device (2) is made of aluminum alloy, and has a hollow structure at the connecting rod, with a groove reserved on the inner wall for embedding the copper coil. It is fixed to the connecting bracket (10) by bolts.

6. The self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized by: The main circuit (3) comprises an energy management circuit, a strain gauge voltage collection circuit and a radio frequency communication circuit. The energy management circuit comprises an impedance matching circuit, a rectifier filter circuit, a boost circuit and a super capacitor energy storage circuit. The strain gauge voltage collection circuit comprises a filter circuit and an A / D conversion part of a main control chip. The radio frequency communication circuit comprises a matching circuit and a radio frequency communication part of a main control chip.

7. The self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The connecting rod (8) is fixed by a bolt with damping.

8. The self-powered intelligent spacer based on dancing energy collection according to claim 1 is characterized by: The stress sensor (7) uses a capacitive strain gauge manufactured using aerosol printing technology, uses a corrosion-resistant and durable insulating material as a protective layer, uses a dielectric material as a printing substrate, and uses aerosol jetting conductive material to print electrodes with a width of micrometers.

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