Railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analyzing system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway foundation pit construction safety monitoring, and discloses an intelligent monitoring and analyzing system for railway construction safety. Comprising a supporting structure safety analysis module, a geologic structure safety analysis module, a self-structure safety analysis module, an external factor data analysis module, a foundation pit safety problem identification module, an influence area data acquisition module and an influence area abnormity identification module. According to the method, the structure safety is comprehensively evaluated by integrating the supporting structure safety, the geologic structure safety and the self structure safety, and meanwhile, the abnormal conditions of external factors of the target foundation pit are analyzed by monitoring other behaviors influencing railway driving; the invention further relates to monitoring of construction equipment in the possible influence area of the target foundation pit, and further analysis of the construction safety abnormal condition of the influence area of the target foundation pit, so that the foundation pit construction safety management level and the overall construction efficiency are improved, smooth foundation pit construction is effectively guaranteed, and potential risk hazards are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of railway foundation pit construction safety monitoring, and relates to a railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system. Background Art

[0002] Railway foundation pit construction near an existing railway line refers to the underground space excavation during railway engineering construction near an existing railway line. These foundation pits are mainly used to construct facilities such as railway bridge foundations, underground passages, and roadbed reinforcement structures for new lines. The safety risk of railway foundation pit construction near an existing railway line is extremely high. There is a risk of foundation pit collapse and objects intruding into the limit, the environmental impact is complex, and it involves the two-way impact of train vibration on construction. Therefore, the research on intelligent monitoring and analysis of railway construction safety near an existing railway line is of great significance.

[0003] In the prior art, there are also related solutions for railway foundation pit construction safety monitoring, for example, a Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN116876515A for a foundation pit safety construction control method, which includes: monitoring the settlement and displacement of the retaining structure of the foundation pit and the existing railway line, and providing graded early warnings based on the settlement and displacement deformation values ​​and deformation rates of each monitoring point. Monitoring the axial force and temperature of each horizontally arranged steel support in the foundation pit, and heating or cooling each steel support according to the axial force or temperature changes of each steel support.

[0004] In addition, a Chinese invention patent application for a deep foundation pit construction safety intelligent management and control system with publication number CN117188532A includes: an inclinometer, which is vertically arranged in an inclinometer hole, which is attached to the side wall of the foundation pit, and a plurality of detection heads are arranged on the inclinometer along the depth direction of the foundation pit, which are used to monitor the displacement, angle, acceleration and temperature of the side wall of the inclinometer hole at different depths in the inclinometer hole in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. A groundwater level monitoring device is buried underground, and when the probe contacts the groundwater, an alarm will be issued, and it can monitor the depth of the groundwater at this time. The invention can monitor the displacement, angle and other measurement data of the movement or inclination of the soil layer on the side wall of the foundation pit in real time by setting an inclinometer and a groundwater level monitoring device, and also sets an operator access monitoring system, a hot work site safety intelligent identification system, etc. to monitor the construction site in real time, prevent irrelevant personnel from entering the site, and judge and analyze whether there is unsafe behavior to ensure the safety of the construction site.

[0005] Although the above two schemes have proposed some solutions for the safety monitoring technology of railway foundation pit construction, there are still certain limitations: on the one hand, the existing railway foundation pit construction safety monitoring usually only analyzes the monitoring data inside the foundation pit, ignoring the analysis of external factors that may cause foundation pit safety accidents. This analysis may lead to incomplete safety risk assessment, because key external factors such as train vibration are ignored, and accidents caused by internal and external factors cannot be effectively prevented; at the same time, the impact on the surrounding environment is not considered enough, and it is difficult to assess the risk of damage to related facilities during construction, which reduces the accuracy and reliability of construction safety analysis and makes it difficult to foreseeably avoid safety accidents. On the other hand, the existing railway foundation pit construction safety monitoring usually only involves the internal safety of the foundation pit, ignoring the monitoring of the safety of the areas around the foundation pit that may be affected. This analysis method may lead to a lack of overall safety control, ignore regional correlation and potential risk sources, and fail to detect surrounding hidden dangers in time, which may easily expand the scope of accidents, seriously affecting the safety and stability of railway foundation pit construction. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, a railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system is proposed.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system, including: a support structure safety analysis module, which is used to arrange support structure monitoring points for a target foundation pit to obtain a number of support structure monitoring points, use stress sensors to obtain the stress of each support structure monitoring point, use a three-dimensional scanning device to obtain the monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point, and analyze the support structure safety status of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period.

[0008] The geological structure safety analysis module is used to arrange groundwater level monitoring points for the target foundation pit to obtain a number of groundwater level monitoring points, use groundwater level sensors to obtain the groundwater level at each groundwater level monitoring point, and analyze the geological structure safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period.

[0009] The self-structure safety analysis module is used to arrange the self-structure monitoring points of the target foundation pit to obtain a number of self-structure monitoring points, use displacement sensors to obtain the displacement distance of each self-structure monitoring point, and analyze the self-structure safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period.

[0010] The external factor data analysis module is used to obtain the influencing factor data of the target railway foundation pit in the current monitoring period, specifically including monitoring railway driving frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring driving speed, and analyzing the abnormal external factors of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period.

[0011] The foundation pit safety problem identification module is used to determine whether there is a foundation pit safety problem in the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period based on the safety of the target foundation pit's support structure, geological structure, own structure and abnormal external factors, and to issue an early warning if so.

[0012] The impact area data acquisition module is used to obtain the safety impact data in the target foundation pit impact area, the safety impact data specifically includes the number of construction equipment and the stability of construction equipment, and analyze the abnormal construction safety conditions in the target foundation pit impact area.

[0013] The impact area anomaly identification module is used to determine whether the target foundation pit has an impact area safety problem based on the construction safety anomaly situation in the target foundation pit impact area, and issue an early warning if so.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) When conducting safety monitoring of foundation pit construction, the present invention comprehensively evaluates the structural safety of the target foundation pit by integrating the safety of the supporting structure, the safety of the geological structure and the safety of the foundation pit itself. This analysis method can achieve a comprehensive and accurate safety assessment. By considering each key factor and their interactions in multiple dimensions, it can dynamically adapt to changes in different stages of construction and accurately locate potential risks. It can also prevent and effectively respond to safety issues in advance, warn of hidden dangers at an early stage, and formulate scientific and reasonable targeted response strategies based on the comprehensive assessment results, thereby reducing the probability of accidents and losses, and effectively ensuring the safe and orderly progress of foundation pit construction and the stability of the surrounding environment.

[0015] (2) When conducting safety monitoring of foundation pit construction, the present invention also monitors other railway traffic behaviors that may affect the target foundation pit, and then analyzes the abnormal conditions of external factors of the target foundation pit. This analysis method can comprehensively identify various potential risks brought by railway operations and dynamically track changes; it can accurately assess safety, quantify the impact of external factors and make comprehensive judgments based on the characteristics of the foundation pit; it is also conducive to early prevention and optimization of construction, and provides risk warnings so that preventive measures can be taken in a timely manner.

[0016] (3) The present invention not only analyzes the internal structural safety of the target foundation pit, but also involves monitoring the equipment in the area that may be affected by the target foundation pit, and then analyzes the abnormal construction safety conditions in the area affected by the target foundation pit. This analysis method can control safety in all directions without missing any corners of hidden dangers, greatly improving the safety management level and overall construction efficiency of the foundation pit construction, effectively ensuring the smooth progress of the foundation pit construction and reducing potential risks and hazards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection of each module of the system of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the layout of groundwater level monitoring points provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the layout of self-structure monitoring points provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of acquiring data on influencing factors of a target railway foundation pit provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure numbers: 1 - groundwater level monitoring point, 2 - two-dimensional distribution map of the target foundation pit bottom, 3 - own structure monitoring point, 4 - two-dimensional distribution image of the target foundation pit wall, 5 - center point of the target foundation pit, 6 - affected railway, 7 - monitoring impact distance, 8 - target foundation pit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring and analysis system for railway construction safety, including a supporting structure safety analysis module, a geological structure safety analysis module, an own structure safety analysis module, an external factor data analysis module, a foundation pit safety problem identification module, an impact area data acquisition module and an impact area anomaly identification module, wherein the supporting structure safety analysis module, the geological structure safety analysis module, the own structure safety analysis module and the external factor data analysis module are all connected to the foundation pit safety problem identification module, and the impact area data acquisition module is connected to the impact area anomaly identification module.

[0025] The support structure safety analysis module is used to arrange support structure monitoring points for the target foundation pit to obtain a number of support structure monitoring points, use stress sensors to obtain the stress of each support structure monitoring point, use a three-dimensional scanning device to obtain the monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point, and analyze the safety status of the support structure of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period.

[0026] It should be added that the specific method of arranging the monitoring points of the support structure of the target foundation pit is: obtaining the key positions of each support structure of the target foundation pit, and then arranging the monitoring points corresponding to the key positions of each support structure of the target foundation pit to obtain a number of support structure monitoring points, and each support structure corresponds to a supporting structure monitoring point for each key position, and different key positions correspond to different support structure monitoring points.

[0027] Exemplarily, the support structure may be an anchor rod or a steel plate, wherein the key positions of the anchor rod may be the anchor end and the anchor rod head, and the key positions of the steel plate may be the locking joint of the steel sheet pile and the corner of the steel sheet pile.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the safety of the support structure of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period requires the construction of a support structure safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period. The specific method is as follows: extract the stress of each support structure monitoring point obtained by the stress sensor, recorded as ,in Indicates the number of the monitoring point of the supporting structure. , Indicates the number of monitoring points of the supporting structure.

[0029] Extract the monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point obtained by the three-dimensional scanning device and record it as .

[0030] It should be added that the monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point is analyzed by using a three-dimensional scanning device to obtain the distance between each support structure monitoring point and other support structure monitoring points, and then performing mean calculation to obtain the monitoring distance corresponding to each support structure monitoring point.

[0031] Using the formula Analyze and obtain the support structure safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period ,in represents the reference stress at each monitoring point of the supporting structure, Indicates the reference monitoring distance of each supporting structure monitoring point, Indicates the allowable difference between the preset stress and the reference stress, Indicates the permissible difference between the preset monitoring distance and the reference monitoring distance.

[0032] It should be noted that stress change and distance change are the two main factors affecting the safety of the support structure monitoring point. First, the stress change and distance change of different dimensions are normalized. and are the degree to which the current stress or distance deviates from the reference value, and the The function maps the input value to the interval [-1,1] to ensure that the output value is within a reasonable range. When the input value is large, The function approaches 1, indicating a good security state; when the input value is small, The function approaches 0, indicating a poor safety state; the allowable difference between the preset stress and the reference stress The permissible difference between the preset monitoring distance and the reference monitoring distance All are set manually at the beginning of system operation. The value is 10MPa. The value is 0.2m.

[0033] Through the collection of multiple sets of specific numerical data on the stress and monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point, and through the support structure safety index of the target foundation pit The calculation formula is used for simulation calculation. A feasible simulation process is assumed to be a single support structure monitoring point, and the reference stress , reference monitoring distance , the simulation results can be obtained. Please refer to Table 1 for details, which lists some representative data (normal data, critical data and abnormal data).

[0034] Table 1. Some collected stress data, distance data and calculation results

[0035]

[0036] Through the above simulation calculation, the stress variation range and monitoring distance variation range in Group 1 are within the corresponding allowable difference, and the safety index of the support structure of the target foundation pit is The value is 0.529, which means that the support structure of the target foundation pit is in a safe state. The stress variation range in Group 2 is close to the allowable difference between the preset stress and the reference stress, and the monitoring distance variation range exceeds the allowable difference between the preset monitoring distance and the reference monitoring distance. The safety index of the support structure of the target foundation pit is The safety index of the support structure of the target foundation pit dropped significantly, which means that the support structure of the target foundation pit was judged to be in a warning state; the stress change range and the monitoring distance change range in group 3 exceeded the allowable difference, and the safety index of the support structure of the target foundation pit was It is 0.133, which means that the support structure of the target foundation pit is judged to be in a dangerous state and immediate manual intervention is required.

[0037] It should be explained that the reasons for selecting the stress and monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point as the influencing factors of the support structure safety index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period are: 1. For various support structures (such as anchor rods, steel sheet piles, underground continuous walls, etc.), stress is the key physical quantity to measure whether it is safe. Taking the anchor rod as an example, the tensile stress on the anchor rod directly reflects its role in resisting lateral soil pressure. When the stress changes suddenly, the anchor rod is at risk of breaking and failing. 2. The distance between the support structures has an important influence on the overall stability of the foundation pit. By monitoring this distance, the anti-overturning stability of the foundation pit can be evaluated.

[0038] It should be noted that the reference stress of the support structure monitoring point refers to the stress of each support structure monitoring point corresponding to the previous monitoring period, and the reference monitoring distance refers to the monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point corresponding to the previous monitoring period.

[0039] The geological structure safety analysis module is used to arrange groundwater level monitoring points for the target foundation pit to obtain a number of groundwater level monitoring points, use groundwater level sensors to obtain the groundwater level at each groundwater level monitoring point, and analyze the geological structure safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period.

[0040] In addition, please refer to Figure 2 The specific method of arranging groundwater level monitoring points for the target foundation pit is as follows: a two-dimensional distribution map of the bottom of the target foundation pit is obtained, and then the groundwater level monitoring points are evenly arranged to obtain a plurality of groundwater level monitoring points.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the geological structure safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period requires the construction of a geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, which is specifically performed as follows: extracting the groundwater level of each groundwater level monitoring point obtained by a groundwater level sensor, recorded as ,in Indicates the number of the groundwater level monitoring point. , Indicates the number of groundwater level monitoring points.

[0042] Using the formula Analyze and obtain the geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period ,in represents the reference groundwater level at each groundwater level monitoring point, Indicates the allowable difference between the preset groundwater level and the reference groundwater level. Represents a natural constant.

[0043] It should be noted that the reason for choosing the groundwater level at each groundwater level monitoring point as the influencing factor of the geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit is: according to the effective stress principle in soil mechanics, changes in groundwater level will change the effective stress in the soil. When the water level rises, the pore water pressure increases and the effective stress decreases. If the groundwater level rises significantly, the sand foundation pit slope that was originally in a stable state may slide due to insufficient shear strength, thereby threatening the safety of the geological structure.

[0044] It should be noted that groundwater level change is a major factor affecting the safety of the support structure monitoring point. The degree to which the current groundwater level deviates from the reference value. This form of function (here ) maps the input value to the interval [0,1] to ensure that the output value is within a reasonable range. When the input value is small, the function value approaches 1, indicating a good safety state; when the input value is large, the function value approaches 0, indicating a poor safety state. The allowable difference between the preset groundwater level and the reference groundwater level It is set manually at the beginning of system operation. .

[0045] Through the collection of multiple sets of specific numerical data of groundwater levels at various groundwater level monitoring points, and through the geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit The calculation formula is used to evaluate the geological structure safety status of the target foundation pit. A feasible simulation process assumes that the groundwater level monitoring point is single and the reference groundwater level , the simulation results can be obtained. Please refer to Table 2 for details, which lists some representative data (normal data, critical data and abnormal data).

[0046] Table 2. Some collected groundwater level data and calculation results

[0047]

[0048] Through the above simulation calculation, the groundwater level change range in Group 1 is within the corresponding allowable difference, and the geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit is The geological structure of the target foundation pit is 0.731, which means that the geological structure of the target foundation pit is in a safe state. The groundwater level variation range in Group 2 is close to the allowable difference between the preset groundwater level and the reference groundwater level. The geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit is The geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit dropped significantly, which means that the geological structure of the target foundation pit was judged to be in a warning state; the groundwater level change range in group 3 exceeded the allowable difference, and the geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit was It is 0.048, which means that the geological structure of the target foundation pit is judged to be in a dangerous state and immediate human intervention is required.

[0049] It should be noted that the reference groundwater level of each groundwater level monitoring point refers to the groundwater level of each groundwater level monitoring point corresponding to the previous monitoring period.

[0050] The self-structure safety analysis module is used to arrange self-structure monitoring points of the target foundation pit to obtain a number of self-structure monitoring points, use displacement sensors to obtain the displacement distance of each self-structure monitoring point, and analyze the self-structure safety of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period.

[0051] In addition, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the specific method of arranging the self-structure monitoring points for the target foundation pit is as follows: obtaining the two-dimensional distribution image corresponding to each pit wall of the target foundation pit, and then evenly arranging the monitoring points to obtain a number of self-structure monitoring points.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the inherent structural safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period requires the construction of the inherent structural safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and the specific method is as follows: the displacement distance of each inherent structural monitoring point is obtained by using a displacement sensor, which is recorded as ,in Indicates the number of the monitoring point of its own structure, , Indicates the number of monitoring points of its own structure.

[0053] Using the formula Analyze and obtain the structural safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period ,in Represents the reference displacement distance of each self-structure monitoring point, Indicates the allowable difference between the preset displacement distance and the reference displacement distance.

[0054] It should be explained that the reason for choosing displacement distance as the influencing factor of the self-structural safety index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period is that the displacement distance is an intuitive reflection of the overall stability of the foundation pit. For example, if the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit wall exceeds a certain limit, it may indicate the instability of the pit wall soil. When the horizontal displacement gradually increases, it means that the force balance of the soil around the foundation pit is broken, which may cause soil landslides or collapses, which directly threatens the safety of the foundation pit structure itself. Just like a leaning building, the change in displacement clearly shows the unstable state of the structure.

[0055] It should be noted that among the safety factors affecting the monitoring points of the target foundation pit structure, displacement change is the main factor. The degree to which the current displacement deviates from the reference value. An exponential function is used to map the input value to an interval to ensure that the output value is within a reasonable range [0,1]. When the input value is small, it approaches 1, indicating a good safety state; when the input value is large, it approaches 0, indicating a poor safety state. The allowable difference between the preset displacement distance and the reference displacement distance It is set manually at the beginning of system operation. .

[0056] A feasible simulation process, assuming that the number of monitoring points of the structure itself is single, the reference displacement distance , the simulation results can be obtained. Please refer to Table 3 for details, which lists some representative data (normal data, critical data and abnormal data).

[0057] Table 3. Partially collected displacement distances and calculation results

[0058]

[0059] Through the above simulation calculation, the displacement variation range in Group 1 is within the corresponding allowable difference, and the structural safety index of the target foundation pit is The displacement variation range in group 2 is close to the allowable difference between the preset displacement distance and the reference displacement distance, and the safety index of the target foundation pit structure is 0.924. The displacement change range in group 3 exceeds the allowable difference, and the safety index of the target foundation pit's own structure is It is 0.117, which means that the structure of the target foundation pit is in a dangerous state and immediate human intervention is required.

[0060] It should be noted that the reference displacement distance of each self-structure monitoring point refers to the displacement distance of each self-structure monitoring point in the previous monitoring period corresponding to the current monitoring period.

[0061] The external factor data analysis module is used to obtain the influencing factor data of the target railway foundation pit during the current monitoring period, specifically including monitoring the railway driving frequency, monitoring the impact distance and monitoring the driving speed, and analyzing the abnormal external factors of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 4 As shown, the method for obtaining the influencing factor data of the target railway foundation pit in the current monitoring period is as follows: the driving frequency corresponding to each influencing railway of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period is counted, and then the sum calculation is performed to obtain the driving frequency of the monitoring railway of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period.

[0063] The center point position of the target foundation pit is obtained, and the distribution routes of each influencing railway are obtained. The distribution routes of each influencing railway are evenly distributed to obtain the monitoring points corresponding to each influencing railway. The distance between each monitoring point of each influencing railway and the center point of the target foundation pit is obtained, which is recorded as the monitoring spacing of each monitoring point corresponding to each influencing railway. The monitoring spacing of each monitoring point corresponding to each influencing railway is compared, and the minimum monitoring spacing is selected as the monitoring influence distance of each influencing railway, and then the mean calculation is performed to obtain the monitoring influence distance of the target foundation pit.

[0064] Monitor the speed of each vehicle corresponding to each affected railway of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and then perform average calculation to obtain the monitored vehicle speed of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the abnormal external factors of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period requires the construction of an abnormal external factor index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and the specific method is as follows: extract the monitoring railway driving frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring driving speed of the target foundation pit, and record them as , and .

[0066] Using the formula Analyze and obtain the abnormal index of external factors of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period ,in Indicates the preset reference monitoring railway train frequency, Indicates the preset reference monitoring influence distance, Indicates the preset reference monitoring driving speed. Indicates the preset weights corresponding to the monitoring railway running frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring running speed.

[0067] It should be explained that the reasons for selecting monitoring railway driving frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring driving speed as the influencing factors of the abnormal index of external factors of the target foundation pit are: 1. The frequency of railway train operation directly affects the vibration around the foundation pit. Every time a train passes, vibration will be generated. When the driving frequency is high, these vibrations will have a cumulative effect. Frequent vibrations will cause the soil around the foundation pit to be repeatedly loaded and unloaded, resulting in the gradual loosening of the soil structure. 2. The vibration, noise and other influencing factors generated by train operation have attenuation characteristics in space. The farther away from the railway, the smaller the intensity of these influencing factors. Understanding the monitoring impact distance can better analyze the degree of influence of these factors on the foundation pit at different distances. 3. The speed of the train is closely related to the intensity of the vibration generated. Generally speaking, the faster the train speed, the greater the vibration intensity generated. This is because the increase in train speed will increase the impact force between the wheel and rail, thereby enhancing the vibration energy. When high-speed trains are running, the vibration energy transmitted to the soil around the foundation pit may cause a significant change in the stress state of the soil, and may even induce resonance of the soil, resulting in a sharp increase in the vibration amplitude of the soil, posing a serious threat to the stability of the foundation pit.

[0068] It should be noted that the abnormal situation of the external factors of the target foundation pit is affected by multiple factors such as the frequency of railway traffic, monitoring impact distance and monitoring speed. In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact of these factors on the target foundation pit, an external factor abnormality index is constructed. , , The corresponding reference values , , Compare and multiply by the corresponding weight , the combined impact of these factors is mapped to the interval in the form of an exponential function. This allows the different factors to be uniformly quantified, making it easier to comprehensively evaluate the degree of abnormal impact of external factors on the target foundation pit. In this embodiment, , , .

[0069] It should be noted that when analyzing the abnormal index of external factors of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period, the basis for setting the weights corresponding to the monitoring railway running frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring driving speed is different when analyzing the abnormal index of external factors of the target foundation pit. The weight of the running frequency is derived from its cumulative risk of vibration and the frequency of interference with the construction progress; the weight of the monitoring impact distance depends on the accuracy requirements of the impact range definition and the importance of the spatial attenuation characteristics; the weight of the driving speed is based on the strong correlation between vibration intensity and speed, as well as the consideration of aerodynamic and noise effects. In a feasible embodiment, .

[0070] A feasible simulation process based on monitoring railway train frequency , Monitoring impact distance , monitor driving speed The abnormal index of external factors is obtained by simulation calculation based on different changes of . Please refer to Table 4 for details. Table 4 lists some representative data (normal data, critical data and abnormal data).

[0071] Table 4. Some of the collected railway train frequencies, impact distances, train speeds and calculation results

[0072]

[0073] Through the above simulation calculation, the variation range of each external factor in Group 1 is within the corresponding allowable difference, and the abnormal index of external factors of the target foundation pit is The external factors in Group 2 are close to or exceed a certain range, and the abnormal index of the external factors of the target foundation pit is 0.50. The abnormal index is 0.78, and the abnormal index decreases, judging that the external factors are in a warning state. The change range of each external factor in Group 3 exceeds the allowable difference by a large margin, and the abnormal index of the external factors of the target foundation pit is It is 0.92, which means that the external factors are in a dangerous state and need to be closely monitored or appropriate measures should be taken.

[0074] It should be noted that when analyzing the abnormal index of external factors of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, the weights corresponding to the monitoring railway operating frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring driving speed are set based on different weights when analyzing the abnormal index of external factors of the target foundation pit. The weight of the operating frequency is derived from its vibration accumulation risk and the frequency of interference with the construction progress; the weight of the monitoring impact distance depends on the accuracy of the impact range definition and the importance of the spatial attenuation characteristics; the weight of the driving speed is based on the strong correlation between vibration intensity and speed, as well as the consideration of aerodynamics and noise. The reasonable setting of the three weights helps to accurately evaluate the impact of railway operations on the abnormal index of external factors of the foundation pit and ensure the safety and stability of the foundation pit construction.

[0075] The foundation pit safety problem identification module is used to determine whether there is a foundation pit safety problem in the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period based on the safety of the target foundation pit's support structure, geological structure, own structural safety and abnormal external factors, and to issue an early warning if so.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific method of judging whether there is a foundation pit safety problem in the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period is as follows: extract the support structure safety index, geological structure safety index and self-structure safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and then sum them up according to the weights to obtain the structural safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period.

[0077] It should be explained that the reason for selecting the support structure safety index, geological structure safety index and self-structure safety index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period as the influencing factors of the structural safety index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period is: the support structure is the first line of defense against external loads and is interrelated with other structures; the geological structure is the bearing basis of the foundation pit and affects the groundwater environment; and the self-structure safety index can characterize the overall stability and reflect the dynamic changes during construction. All three play a vital role in comprehensively and accurately assessing the safety status of the foundation pit structure.

[0078] For example, the weights corresponding to the support structure safety index, geological structure safety index and self-structure safety index are .

[0079] It should be noted that the basis for setting the weights corresponding to the support structure safety index, geological structure safety index and self-structure safety index is as follows: the basis for setting the weight of the support structure safety index is its key support for the stability of the foundation pit, the focus of design and construction investment, and the severity of the consequences of failure; the weight of the geological structure safety index is derived from the decisiveness of the foundation bearing conditions, the complexity of the interaction between groundwater and geology, and the immutability of natural properties; the weight of the self-structure safety index depends on the overall structural integrity, the sensitivity to dynamic changes in the construction process, and the synergy with other safety indices. The weights of the three are determined according to their respective characteristics, and together serve the comprehensive evaluation of the foundation pit structure safety index.

[0080] The external factor abnormality index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period is extracted, and then the external factor abnormality index and structural safety index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period are compared with the preset external factor abnormality index threshold and structural safety index threshold respectively. If the external factor abnormality index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period is greater than the external factor abnormality index threshold or the structural safety index is less than the structural safety index threshold, it is judged that there is a foundation pit safety problem in the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period; otherwise, it is judged that there is no foundation pit safety problem in the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period.

[0081] The impact area data acquisition module is used to obtain safety impact data in the target foundation pit impact area, wherein the safety impact data specifically includes the number of construction equipment and the stability of construction equipment, and analyzes abnormal construction safety conditions in the target foundation pit impact area.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of construction safety anomalies in the target foundation pit influence area requires the construction safety anomaly index of the target foundation pit influence area to be constructed, and the specific method is as follows: extracting the number of construction equipment and the stability of construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area.

[0083] The abnormality of the number of construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area is calculated by ratio calculation with the preset reference number of construction equipment.

[0084] The abnormality of the stability of the construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area is obtained by calculating the ratio of the preset construction equipment stability threshold to the construction equipment stability in the target foundation pit influence area.

[0085] The construction safety abnormality index of the target foundation pit influence area is calculated by summing up the abnormality of the number of construction equipment and the abnormality of the stability of construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area according to the weights.

[0086] It should be noted that the reasons for selecting the abnormality of the number of construction equipment and the abnormality of the stability of construction equipment as the influencing factors of the construction safety abnormality index of the target foundation pit influence area are as follows: 1. When the number of construction equipment is too large, the ground load in the area surrounding the foundation pit will increase significantly. The weight of these equipment and the dynamic loads generated by the equipment during operation (such as vibration during vehicle driving and equipment operation) will be transmitted to the soil at the edge of the foundation pit. For soft soil foundations or soil in a critically stable state, this additional load may cause excessive additional stress in the soil. 2. Abnormal equipment stability may cause large vibration or shaking of the equipment during operation. These vibrations will be transmitted to the soil at the edge of the foundation pit in the form of waves, reducing the friction between the particles of the soil and reducing the effective stress. Under the long-term vibration, the structure of the soil will gradually loosen and the shear strength will decrease. Especially in soil conditions that are susceptible to vibration, such as sand or silty sand, the vibration caused by abnormal equipment stability may cause sand liquefaction, causing the soil at the edge of the foundation pit to lose its bearing capacity and cause the edge of the foundation pit to collapse.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the analysis method of the stability of the construction equipment is as follows: a high-definition camera is used to obtain an image of the target foundation pit influence area, and then the position of each construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area is located, and then the closest distance from the position of each construction equipment to the edge of the target foundation pit is used as the collection influence distance of each construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area.

[0088] Confirm the type of each construction equipment, and then obtain the weight of each construction equipment from the corresponding manual of each construction equipment.

[0089] The safety evaluation index of the collection influence distance of each construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area is obtained by ratio calculation between the collection influence distance of each construction equipment and the preset reference collection influence distance. The weight safety evaluation index of each construction equipment is obtained by ratio calculation between the preset reference weight and the weight of each construction equipment.

[0090] The collection impact distance safety evaluation index and weight safety evaluation index of each construction equipment are summed up according to the weight to obtain the construction equipment stability of each construction equipment, and then compared, and the minimum construction equipment stability is selected as the construction equipment stability in the target foundation pit influence area.

[0091] Exemplarily, the weights of the collection impact distance safety evaluation index and weight safety evaluation index of each construction equipment are respectively .

[0092] It should be explained that the basis for setting the corresponding weights of the collection impact distance safety evaluation index and weight safety evaluation index of each construction equipment is as follows: the basis for setting the weight of the collection impact distance safety evaluation index of each construction equipment is the importance of the equipment impact distance on the surrounding environment, other facilities and the stability of the foundation pit itself. The change in distance will be related to many factors such as disturbance of surrounding buildings and threat to the safety of underground pipelines. Therefore, the weight should be set reasonably according to the size of its influence range; and the basis for setting the weight of the weight safety evaluation index is to determine the weight according to the critical degree of the weight's impact on the safety of the foundation pit. The weight setting of the two is to accurately measure the stability of each construction equipment, so as to scientifically select the most representative minimum construction equipment stability in the target foundation pit influence area.

[0093] The impact area abnormality identification module is used to determine whether the target foundation pit has an impact area safety problem based on the construction safety abnormality of the target foundation pit impact area, and issue an early warning if so.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific method of judging whether the target foundation pit has safety issues affecting the area is as follows: extracting the construction safety anomaly index of the target foundation pit impact area, and then comparing it with a preset construction safety anomaly index threshold; if the construction safety anomaly index of the target foundation pit impact area is greater than the construction safety anomaly index threshold, it is judged that there is a safety issue affecting the area; otherwise, it is judged that there is no safety issue affecting the area.

[0095] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system, characterized in that: include: The support structure safety analysis module is used to arrange the support structure monitoring points of the target foundation pit to obtain a number of support structure monitoring points, obtain the stress of each support structure monitoring point by using a stress sensor, obtain the monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point by using a three-dimensional scanning device, and analyze the safety of the support structure of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period; The geological structure safety analysis module is used to arrange groundwater level monitoring points for the target foundation pit to obtain several groundwater level monitoring points, use groundwater level sensors to obtain the groundwater level at each groundwater level monitoring point, and analyze the geological structure safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period; The self-structure safety analysis module is used to arrange the self-structure monitoring points of the target foundation pit to obtain a number of self-structure monitoring points, use the displacement sensor to obtain the displacement distance of each self-structure monitoring point, and analyze the self-structure safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period; The external factor data analysis module is used to obtain the influencing factor data of the target railway foundation pit during the current monitoring period, including monitoring railway driving frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring driving speed, and analyze the abnormal external factors of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period; The foundation pit safety problem identification module is used to determine whether there is a foundation pit safety problem in the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period based on the safety of the target foundation pit's support structure, geological structure, own structure and abnormal external factors, and issue an early warning if there is a foundation pit safety problem; The impact area data acquisition module is used to obtain the safety impact data in the target foundation pit impact area, wherein the safety impact data specifically includes the number of construction equipment and the stability of construction equipment, and analyze the abnormal construction safety situation in the target foundation pit impact area; The impact area anomaly identification module is used to determine whether the target foundation pit has an impact area safety problem based on the construction safety anomaly situation in the target foundation pit impact area, and issue an early warning if so.

2. The railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis of the safety of the support structure of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period requires the construction of a safety index of the support structure of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and the specific method is as follows: Extract the stress of each support structure monitoring point obtained by the stress sensor and record it as ,in Indicates the number of the monitoring point of the supporting structure. , Indicates the number of monitoring points of the supporting structure; Extract the monitoring distance of each support structure monitoring point obtained by the three-dimensional scanning device and record it as ; Using the formula Analyze and obtain the support structure safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period ,in represents the reference stress at each monitoring point of the supporting structure, Indicates the reference monitoring distance of each supporting structure monitoring point, Indicates the allowable difference between the preset stress and the reference stress, Indicates the permissible difference between the preset monitoring distance and the reference monitoring distance.

3. A railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The analysis of the geological structure safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period requires the construction of a geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and the specific method is as follows: Extract the groundwater level at each groundwater level monitoring point obtained by the groundwater level sensor and record it as ,in Indicates the number of the groundwater level monitoring point. , Indicates the number of groundwater level monitoring points; Using the formula Analyze and obtain the geological structure safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period ,in represents the reference groundwater level at each groundwater level monitoring point, Indicates the allowable difference between the preset groundwater level and the reference groundwater level. Represents a natural constant.

4. A railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The analysis of the inherent structural safety of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period requires the construction of the inherent structural safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and the specific method is as follows: The displacement sensor is used to obtain the displacement distance of each monitoring point of the structure, which is recorded as ,in Indicates the number of the monitoring point of its own structure, , Indicates the number of monitoring points of its own structure; Using the formula Analyze and obtain the structural safety index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period ,in Represents the reference displacement distance of each self-structure monitoring point, Indicates the allowable difference between the preset displacement distance and the reference displacement distance.

5. The railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition method of the influencing factor data of the target railway foundation pit during the current monitoring period is as follows: The driving frequencies of the railways affected by the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period are counted, and then the driving frequencies of the monitoring railways of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period are obtained by summing them up; The center point position of the target foundation pit is obtained, and the distribution routes of each influencing railway are obtained. The distribution routes of each influencing railway are evenly distributed to obtain the monitoring points corresponding to each influencing railway. The distance between each monitoring point of each influencing railway and the center point of the target foundation pit is obtained, which is recorded as the monitoring spacing of each monitoring point corresponding to each influencing railway. The monitoring spacing of each monitoring point corresponding to each influencing railway is compared, and the minimum monitoring spacing is selected as the monitoring influence distance of each influencing railway, and then the mean value is calculated to obtain the monitoring influence distance of the target foundation pit. Monitor the speed of each vehicle corresponding to each affected railway of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and then perform average calculation to obtain the monitored vehicle speed of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period.

6. A railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The analysis of the abnormal external factors of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period requires the construction of an abnormal external factor index of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period, and the specific method is as follows: The monitored railway driving frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring driving speed of the target foundation pit are extracted and recorded as , and ; Using the formula Analyze and obtain the abnormal index of external factors of the target foundation pit during the current monitoring period ,in Indicates the preset reference monitoring railway train frequency, Indicates the preset reference monitoring influence distance, Indicates the preset reference monitoring driving speed. Indicates the preset weights corresponding to the monitoring railway running frequency, monitoring impact distance and monitoring running speed.

7. A railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The specific method for determining whether the target foundation pit has a foundation pit safety problem during the current monitoring period is as follows: The support structure safety index, geological structure safety index and self-structure safety index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period are extracted, and then the structural safety index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period is calculated by summing them up according to the weights; The external factor abnormality index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period is extracted, and then the external factor abnormality index and structural safety index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period are compared with the preset external factor abnormality index threshold and structural safety index threshold respectively. If the external factor abnormality index of the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period is greater than the external factor abnormality index threshold or the structural safety index is less than the structural safety index threshold, it is judged that there is a foundation pit safety problem in the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period; otherwise, it is judged that there is no foundation pit safety problem in the target foundation pit in the current monitoring period.

8. The railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis of the construction safety anomaly situation in the target foundation pit impact area requires the construction safety anomaly index of the target foundation pit impact area to be constructed, and the specific method is as follows; Extract the number and stability of construction equipment in the target foundation pit impact area; The number of construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area is calculated by comparing the number of construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area with the preset reference number of construction equipment to obtain the abnormality of the number of construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area; The abnormality of the stability of the construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area is calculated by calculating the ratio of the preset construction equipment stability threshold to the construction equipment stability in the target foundation pit influence area; The construction safety abnormality index of the target foundation pit influence area is calculated by summing up the abnormality of the number of construction equipment and the abnormality of the stability of construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area according to the weights.

9. The railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis method of the stability of the construction equipment is as follows: Use a high-definition camera to obtain the image of the target foundation pit influence area, and then locate the position of each construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area, and then use the shortest distance between the position of each construction equipment and the edge of the target foundation pit as the collection influence distance of each construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area; Confirm the type of each construction equipment, and then obtain the weight of each construction equipment from the corresponding instruction manual of each construction equipment; Based on the ratio calculation of the collection influence distance of each construction equipment in the target foundation pit influence area and the preset reference collection influence distance, the collection influence distance safety evaluation index of each construction equipment is obtained; the preset reference weight is respectively calculated with the weight of each construction equipment to obtain the weight safety evaluation index of each construction equipment; The collection impact distance safety evaluation index and weight safety evaluation index of each construction equipment are summed up according to the weight to obtain the construction equipment stability of each construction equipment, and then compared, and the minimum construction equipment stability is selected as the construction equipment stability in the target foundation pit influence area.

10. The railway construction safety intelligent monitoring and analysis system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific method for determining whether the target foundation pit has problems affecting regional safety is as follows: The construction safety anomaly index of the target foundation pit impact area is extracted and then compared with the pre-set construction safety anomaly index threshold. If the construction safety anomaly index of the target foundation pit impact area is greater than the construction safety anomaly index threshold, it is judged that there is a safety problem in the impact area. Otherwise, it is judged that there is no safety problem in the impact area.

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