Slot coupling rotary polarized antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a slot coupling rotary polarized antenna, which comprises a coupling structure, a radiation line supporting structure, a first radiation line and a second radiation line, wherein one end of the first radiation line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiation line supporting structure through a first pin, the other end of the first radiation line is arranged downwards in the reverse or hour hand or clockwise direction, and one end of the second radiation line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiation line supporting structure through a second pin. The other end of the second radiation line is arranged upwards in the anticlockwise or clockwise direction; an I-shaped slot is etched in one surface, close to the radiation supporting structure, of the coupling structure, a waveguide is arranged in the coupling structure, the input end of the waveguide is located on the outer side of the coupling structure, and the output end of the waveguide is located in the I-shaped slot. The slot coupling rotary polarized antenna provided by the invention is simple and compact in structure and low in cost, the thickness of the antenna is reduced, and the cross polarization isolation is improved through the self-reversal-rotation design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication antenna technology, and in particular to a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna. Background Art

[0002] Modern communication antenna technology is an important cornerstone of the development of the information age. With the continuous growth of wireless communication needs and the rapid advancement of technology, antennas, as the core components of signal transmission, play an increasingly critical role. From traditional broadcast antennas to today's 5G, satellite communications, the Internet of Things and other advanced applications, the evolution and innovation of antenna technology continues to promote the upgrading and development of global communication networks.

[0003] Modern communication antennas not only require efficient signal transmission, but also must have multiple features such as miniaturization, low power consumption, high bandwidth, and intelligence to adapt to the complex and changing communication environment and the ever-changing user needs. From microstrip antennas to smart antenna arrays, and then to the combination of integrated circuit technology and antennas, modern communication antennas are developing in a more precise, flexible and efficient direction, becoming an invisible bridge for information flow.

[0004] Waveguide slot antenna is a type of antenna that uses slots in waveguide structures to radiate electromagnetic waves. It is widely used in high-frequency, high-power wireless communications and radar systems. Its working principle is based on the fact that during the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide, part of the energy is radiated to the external space through specific slots, thereby realizing signal transmission. The waveguide slot antenna implements a dual-polarization design, and has the advantages of a simple stacked structure and a thin and light product. However, when the dual-polarization spacing of the waveguide slot antenna is too close, it may cause problems such as poor isolation and insufficient bandwidth. In addition, the waveguide slot antenna has high design requirements, needs to absorb loads, and has a precise structure, which will increase the difficulty of production and affect the consistency of the product.

[0005] The waveguide horn antenna is an antenna that uses a waveguide structure and a horn-shaped extension port. It combines the advantages of a waveguide (such as efficient energy transmission) and the advantages of a horn shape (such as good radiation characteristics), and is widely used in radar, satellite communications, RF testing, and other high-frequency applications. The structure of a waveguide horn antenna is relatively simple, easy to shape, low cost, and high product yield and consistency. However, due to the large spacing and high thickness of the individual antennas of the waveguide horn antenna, the side lobe or grating lobe performance of the antenna is deteriorated, and the product is also more bulky.

[0006] PCB microstrip antenna is a common type of antenna, widely used in wireless communications, radar systems, satellite communications, Internet of Things and other fields. It uses printed circuit board technology, with mature technology, simple structure, high integration, good antenna pattern indicators, overall lightness and thinness. However, the single unit efficiency of PCB microstrip antenna is low, and the actual gain of the antenna is low, which affects the communication rate.

[0007] PCB microstrip antenna + active antenna is an antenna system that combines a microstrip antenna with active components (such as low noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, etc.). This antenna system combines the principle of active phased array, puts the transmission loss in front and the receiving loss in the back, effectively solving the defect of low efficiency of PCB microstrip antenna. However, this combination method increases the overall cost and increases the loss. In addition, because the active amplification is unidirectional, the introduction will lead to insufficient bandwidth, and the structure will be complicated after the heat dissipation and shielding are increased.

[0008] A pure metal circularly polarized antenna is an antenna designed using metal materials and has circular polarization characteristics. Circular polarization means that the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave rotates in a circle in the propagation direction. The pure metal circularly polarized antenna uses an air-coupled pure metal circularly polarized antenna, which has the advantages of relatively wide bandwidth and high radiation efficiency. However, the antenna unit size of the pure metal circularly polarized antenna is large, which is difficult to integrate and is not conducive to small-pitch array formation.

[0009] The dual-feed PCB circularly polarized antenna is an antenna design with circular polarization characteristics. It uses a dual-feed method in the antenna feeding structure to improve antenna performance and application flexibility. The dual-feed PCB circularly polarized antenna has the advantages of large axial ratio beam width and ultra-wideband indicators. However, the dual-feed PCB circularly polarized antenna is not conducive to using a rotating layout to further increase the axial ratio beam width, and its own dual-feed network is relatively complex, which is not conducive to reducing costs. Summary of the invention

[0010] To this end, the present application provides a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna to solve the problems of high antenna thickness and poor cross-polarization isolation in the prior art.

[0011] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0012] In a first aspect, a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna comprises a coupling structure, a radiating line support structure disposed above the coupling structure, and a first radiating line and a second radiating line disposed above the radiating line support structure;

[0013] One end of the first radiant line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line supporting structure by a first pin, and the other end of the first radiant line is arranged downward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction; one end of the second radiant line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line supporting structure by a second pin, and the other end of the second radiant line is arranged upward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction, and the ends of the first pin and the second pin extend to the coupling structure;

[0014] An I-shaped gap is etched on one side of the coupling structure close to the radiation line supporting structure, a waveguide is arranged inside the coupling structure, the input end of the waveguide is located outside the coupling structure, the output end of the waveguide is located in the I-shaped gap, and the ends of the first pin and the second pin extend to the coupling structure through both sides of the vertical part of the I-shaped gap.

[0015] Preferably, the first radiating line and the second radiating line are arranged in a right-angle shape.

[0016] Preferably, the first radiation line and the second radiation line are arranged in an arc shape.

[0017] Preferably, the first radiation line and the second radiation line are arranged in an elliptical shape.

[0018] Preferably, the first radiating line includes a first connecting radiating line, a first right-angle radiating line and a first circular radiating line, a first diode and a second diode, one end of the first connecting radiating line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiating line supporting structure by the first pin, the other end of the first connecting radiating line is downwardly connected to one end of the first diode and the second diode, the other end of the first diode is connected to one end of the first right-angle radiating line, the other end of the second diode is connected to one end of the first circular radiating line, and the other ends of the first right-angle radiating line and the first circular radiating line are arranged downwardly in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction;

[0019] The second radiant line includes a second connecting radiant line, a second right-angle radiant line and a second circular radiant line, a third diode and a fourth diode. One end of the second connecting radiant line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line support structure through the second pin, and the other end of the second connecting radiant line is upwardly connected to one end of the third diode and the fourth diode, the other end of the third diode is connected to one end of the second right-angle radiant line, and the other end of the fourth diode is connected to one end of the second circular radiant line. The other ends of the second right-angle radiant line and the second circular radiant line are arranged upward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction.

[0020] Preferably, the positions of the first pin and the second pin can be used to achieve impedance matching adjustment and phase difference control.

[0021] Preferably, the waveguide is a ridge waveguide structure.

[0022] In a second aspect, a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna array comprises a plurality of the slot-coupled rotationally polarized antennas, and the plurality of the slot-coupled rotationally polarized antennas are distributed on both sides of a waveguide network.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present application provides a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna, comprising a coupling structure, a radiating line support structure arranged above the coupling structure, and a first radiating line and a second radiating line arranged above the radiating line support structure; wherein one end of the first radiating line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiating line support structure by a first pin, the other end of the first radiating line is arranged downward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction, one end of the second radiating line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiating line support structure by a second pin, the other end of the second radiating line is arranged upward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction, and the ends of the first pin and the second pin extend to the coupling structure; an I-shaped slot is etched on one side of the coupling structure close to the radiating line support structure, a waveguide is arranged inside the coupling structure, the input end of the waveguide is located outside the coupling structure, the output end of the waveguide is located in the I-shaped slot, and the ends of the first pin and the second pin extend to the coupling structure through both sides of the vertical part of the I-shaped slot. The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided by the present application is simple in structure, compact, and low in cost, which not only reduces the thickness of the antenna, but also improves the cross-polarization isolation through the self-reverse-rotation design.

[0025] 2. The shapes and routing of the first radiating line and the second radiating line can be changed as required to achieve different antenna polarization forms.

[0026] 3. Polarization switching can be achieved by adding a diode switch.

[0027] 4. Impedance matching adjustment and phase difference control can be achieved by changing the positions of the first pin and the second pin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more intuitively illustrate the prior art and the present application, exemplary drawings are given below. It should be understood that the specific shapes and structures shown in the drawings should not generally be regarded as limiting conditions for implementing the present application; for example, those skilled in the art are capable of easily making conventional adjustments or further optimizations to the addition / reduction / attribution division, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection methods, dimensional ratios, etc. of certain units (components) based on the technical concepts and exemplary drawings disclosed in the present application.

[0029] Figure 1 A transverse central cross-sectional view of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 A top view of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the signal coupling direction of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in this application;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the linear polarization structure of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application (top view);

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circular polarization structure of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in this application (top view);

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the elliptical polarization structure of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application (top view);

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the polarization switching structure of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application (top view);

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram (top view) of the impedance matching adjustment and phase difference control structure of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application;

[0037] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram (top view) of the antenna array structure of a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Coupling structure; 101. I-shaped gap; 2. Radiating line support structure; 3. Radiating line; 301. First radiating line; 3011. First connecting radiating line; 3012. First right-angle radiating line; 3013. First circular radiating line; 3014. First diode; 3015. Second diode; 302. Second radiating line; 3021. Second connecting radiating line; 3022. Second right-angle radiating line; 3023. Second circular radiating line; 3024. Third diode; 3025. Fourth diode; 4. Pin; 401. First pin; 402. Second pin; 5. Waveguide; 6. Waveguide network. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present application is further described below in detail through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In the description of this application: unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in this application are intended to distinguish the objects referred to, and do not have special meanings in terms of technical connotations (for example, they should not be understood as emphasizing the importance or order, etc.). Expressions such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0042] The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this application are usually used to indicate the general relative position relationship for the purpose of intuitive understanding by referring to the drawings, and are not absolute limitations on the position relationship in the actual product.

[0043] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application provides a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna, comprising a coupling structure 1, a radiating line support structure 2 arranged above the coupling structure 1, and a radiating line 3 arranged above the radiating line support structure 2. The coupling structure 1, the radiating line support structure 2, and the radiating line 3 are fastened into a whole by a pin 4, and the radiating line support structure 2 is used to support the radiating line 3 and the pin 4. The radiating line 3 includes a first radiating line 301 and a second radiating line 302, and the pin 4 includes a first pin 401 and a second pin 402. The first pin 401 and the second pin 402 not only play the role of fastening the coupling structure 1, the radiating line support structure 2, and the radiating line 3, but also are used for signal coupling.

[0044] One end of the first radiant line 301 is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line supporting structure 2 by a first pin 401, and the other end of the first radiant line 301 is arranged downward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction. One end of the second radiant line 302 is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line supporting structure 2 by a second pin 402, and the other end of the second radiant line 302 is arranged upward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction. The ends of the first pin 401 and the second pin 402 extend to the coupling structure 1.

[0045] An I-shaped slot 101 is etched on one side of the coupling structure 1 close to the radiation support structure 2, and a waveguide 5 is arranged inside the coupling structure 1. The waveguide 5 is a ridge waveguide structure, and the input end of the waveguide 5 is located outside the coupling structure 1, and the output end of the waveguide 5 is located in the I-shaped slot 101. The ends of the first pin 401 and the second pin 402 extend to the coupling structure 1 through both sides of the vertical part of the I-shaped slot 101. It should be noted that the depth of the I-shaped slot 101 can be determined according to specific needs.

[0046] See also Figure 3 The present application provides a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna, in which a signal is input from the input end of a waveguide 5, and is coupled to a first pin 401 and a second pin 402 on both sides of an I-shaped slot 101 through a coupling structure 1, wherein the first pin 401 and the second pin 402 are respectively connected to a first radiating line 301 and a second radiating line 302, and the first radiating line 301 and the second radiating line 302 radiate the signal into space, forming a low-surface, compact waveguide coaxially coupled (circularly polarized) antenna.

[0047] In the present application, when the signal is coupled from the I-shaped slot 101 to the first pin 401 and the second pin 402 on both sides, the surface current of the first pin 401 and the second pin 402 is reversed, so that the initial current obtained by the corresponding first radiation line 301 and the second radiation line 302 is reversed; the first radiation line 301 and the second radiation line 302 are arranged in a reverse spiral to form a reverse radiation electric field again, and finally form a reverse and reverse electromagnetic wave. This form can greatly improve the cross-polarization suppression ratio, thereby improving the communication quality.

[0048] The polarization form of the slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application can be designed according to the shape and routing direction of the first radiating line 301 and the second radiating line 302. For example, when the first radiating line 301 and the second radiating line 302 are set to a right angle shape, the radiated electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized, such as Figure 4 When the first radiation line 301 and the second radiation line 302 are set to an arc shape, the radiated electromagnetic wave is circularly polarized, such as Figure 5 When the first radiation line 301 and the second radiation line 302 are set to an elliptical shape (i.e., a form between an arc and a right-angle line), the radiated electromagnetic wave is elliptically polarized, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0049] The slot-coupled rotating polarization antenna provided in the present application can update the radiation line 3 on the radiation line support structure 2 according to the needs, and can also realize polarization switching by adding a diode switch. Figure 7 As shown:

[0050] The first radiant line 301 includes a first connecting radiant line 3011, a first right-angle radiant line 3012 and a first circular radiant line 3013, a first diode 3014 and a second diode 3015. One end of the first connecting radiant line 3011 is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line support structure 2 by a first pin 401, and the other end of the first connecting radiant line 3011 is downwardly connected to one end of the first diode 3014 and the second diode 3015, the other end of the first diode 3014 is connected to one end of the first right-angle radiant line 3012, the other end of the second diode 3015 is connected to one end of the first circular radiant line 3013, and the other ends of the first right-angle radiant line 3012 and the first circular radiant line 3013 are arranged downward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction.

[0051] The second radiant line 302 includes a second connected radiant line 3021, a second right-angle radiant line 3022, a second circular radiant line 3023, a third diode 3024 and a fourth diode 3025. One end of the second connected radiant line 3021 is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line support structure 2 by a second pin 402, and the other end of the second connected radiant line 3021 is upwardly connected to one end of the third diode 3024 and the fourth diode 3025, the other end of the third diode 3024 is connected to one end of the second right-angle radiant line 3022, the other end of the fourth diode 3025 is connected to one end of the second circular radiant line 3023, and the other ends of the second right-angle radiant line 3022 and the second circular radiant line 3023 are arranged upward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction.

[0052] In a slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application, the positions of the first pin 401 and the second pin 402 can be used to achieve impedance matching adjustment and phase difference control, such as Figure 8 As shown, when moving away from the center of the I-shaped gap 101 to the left or right, the impedance looking toward the direction of the radiation line 3 becomes larger, and vice versa; when moving away from the center of the I-shaped gap 101 to the top or bottom, the phase difference between the two becomes larger, and vice versa.

[0053] The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application can form an antenna array. Multiple slot-coupled rotationally polarized antennas are distributed on both sides of the waveguide network 6 to form a low-surface, high-performance integrated antenna, which reduces the overall thickness of the traditional waveguide antenna. Fig. 9 shown.

[0054] It should be noted that, in order to clearly illustrate the slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in the present application, the top view in the present application removes the radiation line support structure 2, wherein: Fig. 9 The I-shaped gap 101 of a single unit is hidden.

[0055] The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna provided in this application has the following advantages:

[0056] (1) High cross-suppression structure design: The cross-polarization isolation is improved through self-reverse-rotation design.

[0057] (2) Compact feeding network + antenna structure: improves the radiation efficiency of PCB antenna.

[0058] (3) Interchangeable panel design: realizes polarization switching.

[0059] (4) Low-profile, high-performance, integrated antenna technology: The structure is simple, which reduces the overall thickness of the traditional waveguide antenna and also reduces the cost.

[0060] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined (as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features). To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; these embodiments that are not explicitly written should also be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna, characterized in that: The method comprises a coupling structure, a radiation line support structure arranged above the coupling structure, and a first radiation line and a second radiation line arranged above the radiation line support structure; One end of the first radiant line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line supporting structure by a first pin, and the other end of the first radiant line is arranged downward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction; one end of the second radiant line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line supporting structure by a second pin, and the other end of the second radiant line is arranged upward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction, and the ends of the first pin and the second pin extend to the coupling structure; An I-shaped gap is etched on one side of the coupling structure close to the radiation line supporting structure, a waveguide is arranged inside the coupling structure, the input end of the waveguide is located outside the coupling structure, the output end of the waveguide is located in the I-shaped gap, and the ends of the first pin and the second pin extend to the coupling structure through both sides of the vertical part of the I-shaped gap.

2. The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first radiating line and the second radiating line are arranged in a right angle shape.

3. The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first radiation line and the second radiation line are arranged in an arc shape.

4. The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first radiation line and the second radiation line are arranged in an elliptical shape.

5. The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first radiating line includes a first connecting radiating line, a first right-angle radiating line, a first circular radiating line, a first diode and a second diode, one end of the first connecting radiating line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiating line supporting structure through the first pin, the other end of the first connecting radiating line is downwardly connected to one end of the first diode and the second diode, the other end of the first diode is connected to one end of the first right-angle radiating line, the other end of the second diode is connected to one end of the first circular radiating line, and the other ends of the first right-angle radiating line and the first circular radiating line are arranged downwardly in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction; The second radiant line includes a second connecting radiant line, a second right-angle radiant line and a second circular radiant line, a third diode and a fourth diode. One end of the second connecting radiant line is fixed to the upper surface of the radiant line support structure through the second pin, and the other end of the second connecting radiant line is upwardly connected to one end of the third diode and the fourth diode, the other end of the third diode is connected to one end of the second right-angle radiant line, and the other end of the fourth diode is connected to one end of the second circular radiant line. The other ends of the second right-angle radiant line and the second circular radiant line are arranged upward in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction.

6. The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positions of the first pin and the second pin can be used to achieve impedance matching adjustment and phase difference control.

7. The slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide is a ridge waveguide structure.

8. A slot-coupled rotationally polarized antenna array, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of slot-coupled rotationally polarized antennas as described in claims 1 to 7, and the plurality of slot-coupled rotationally polarized antennas are distributed on both sides of the waveguide network.

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