Wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physical field coupling communication

Abstract

The application discloses a wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physical field coupling communication, which comprises a wireless sensing system, a fuel data processing system and the like, wherein the wireless sensing system comprises a wireless sensor unit and a wireless sensing node unit; the wireless sensor unit is used for collecting data of the temperature, density, capacitance and dielectric constant of fuel; the wireless sensing node unit is used for processing the data collected by the wireless sensor unit and sending the data to the fuel data processing system; the fuel data processing system is used for receiving and processing the data sent by the wireless sensing node unit; TSCH and aviation narrowband UWB double protocol stacks are used for parallel communication between the fuel data processing system and the wireless sensing node unit; and the transmission power and channel frequency hopping are dynamically adjusted in real time according to the acquired aircraft attitude data. The application adopts IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH and aviation narrowband UWB double protocol stacks for parallel communication, combines with dynamic power control driven by the flight attitude, and guarantees the reliability of wireless communication; the system can be well compatible with the existing wireless architecture, supports hot plug upgrade of the air route, meets the DO-178C DAL-B airworthiness requirement, and is suitable for the measurement and control scene of fuel of various aircrafts and unmanned aerial vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless fuel measurement and control technology, specifically relating to a wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics field coupled communication. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional aircraft fuel measurement and control systems generally use wired connections, which suffer from problems such as heavy wiring harnesses, complex cabling, difficult maintenance, and poor scalability. With the development of aviation wireless technology, using wireless sensors to replace wired connections can solve the problems of weight reduction and flexibility. However, under high-dynamic flight conditions (such as roll, dive, severe fuel sloshing, and HIRF / lightning environments), wireless communication links suffer from packet loss, delay, and interference. Furthermore, sensors are susceptible to factors such as temperature, dielectric constant, and contamination, leading to large measurement errors, insufficient system reliability, and difficulty in meeting airworthiness requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics field coupled communication, so as to solve the problems of large measurement error and low reliability in the application of wireless fuel measurement and control technology.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics coupled communication includes: A wireless sensing system includes a wireless sensor unit and a wireless sensor node unit. The wireless sensor unit is used to collect data on the temperature, density, capacitance, and dielectric constant of fuel. The wireless sensor node unit is used to process the data collected by the wireless sensor unit and send the data to a fuel data processing system. The fuel data processing system is used to receive and process data sent by the wireless sensor node unit. The fuel data processing system and the wireless sensor node unit communicate in parallel using a dual protocol stack of TSCH and aviation narrowband UWB, and dynamically adjust the transmission power and channel frequency hopping in real time based on the acquired aircraft attitude data.

[0005] In some embodiments of the present invention, a radio frequency obstruction prediction model is used to predict the fuel level tilt angle and the distance between the antenna and the fuel level based on flight attitude data, and the transmit power and TSCH channel frequency hopping sequence are dynamically adjusted in real time based on the predicted path loss increment.

[0006] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of dynamically adjusting the transmit power and channel frequency hopping in real time based on the acquired aircraft attitude data includes: Inertial navigation and acceleration data are acquired through the fuel data processing system, and after quaternion complementary filtering, a unified attitude vector is output, represented as: Att = [ , θ, az, q, p, r]; Where q, p, and r are the angular velocities of the body, used to predict the liquid surface displacement over a certain period of time in the future; Establish a fuel sloshing model, represented as: ; in, The angle of inclination of the liquid surface relative to the equilibrium surface. For the damping ratio, It is the undamped natural angular frequency, obtained from the average fuel level in the tank and the acceleration due to gravity, and is used to represent the speed at which the fuel level sways freely when it is undamped. , These represent the geometric parameters of the fuel tank. Will The shortest distance Δh between the antenna and the liquid surface, mapped to this distance, is expressed as: ; in, Indicates the antenna installation height. The equivalent fuel tank radius; The path loss ΔL(Δh,f) is obtained by looking up the pre-calibrated path loss table based on Δh, where f is the frequency of the radio frequency signal.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the antenna is disposed inside the metal skin on the top of the fuel tank, and the signal radiation value is radiated throughout the entire cavity using the metal cavity.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the wireless communication module of the fuel data processing system and the wireless sensing node unit integrates TSCH and UWB dual radio frequencies, and the TSCH and UWB dual radio frequencies share a dual-frequency slot antenna and are isolated by a duplexer.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, TSCH is monitored in real time, and UWB burst frames are automatically triggered when the TSCH packet loss rate exceeds a preset value or the HIRF alarm is valid.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the wireless sensing unit includes a temperature sensor, a density sensor, a capacitance sensor, and a dielectric constant sensor, and at the same measurement point, each type of sensing data is simultaneously measured using sensors with different configurations such as MEMS, optical fiber, and resonant sensors.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, data from sensors with different configurations are acquired, a voting model is used to remove outdated data from the three-channel sensor data, and an LS-SVM fusion algorithm is used to fuse the effective sensor data.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention employs parallel communication using a dual-protocol stack of IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH and avionics narrowband UWB, combined with dynamic power control driven by flight attitude, to ensure the reliability of wireless communication. It deploys MEMS, fiber optic, and resonant tri-mode heterogeneous sensors at the same measurement point, achieving data self-calibration and fault self-healing through a voting model and LS-SVM fusion algorithm. The system is highly compatible with existing wireless architectures, supports hot-swappable upgrades for flight routes, meets DO-178C DAL-B airworthiness requirements, and is suitable for fuel measurement and control scenarios for various types of aircraft and UAVs. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of the wireless fuel measurement and control system in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, specific embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and not for limiting it. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to this application are shown in the drawings, not all of them. Before discussing exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of these operations can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. Furthermore, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but may also have additional steps not included in the drawings. The process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0016] Reference Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present invention, a wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics field coupled communication includes: The wireless sensing system includes a wireless sensor unit and a wireless sensor node unit. The wireless sensor unit is used to collect data on the temperature, density, capacitance, and dielectric constant of the fuel. The wireless sensor node unit is used to process the data collected by the wireless sensor unit and send the data to the fuel data processing system. The fuel data processing system is used to receive and process data sent by the wireless sensor node unit. The fuel data processing system and the wireless sensor node unit communicate in parallel using a dual protocol stack of IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH and aviation narrowband UWB, and dynamically adjust the transmission power and channel frequency hopping in real time based on the acquired aircraft attitude data.

[0017] This invention employs parallel communication using a dual protocol stack of IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH and avionics narrowband UWB, combined with dynamic power control driven by flight attitude, to ensure the reliability of wireless communication.

[0018] In some embodiments, a radio frequency obstruction prediction model is used to predict the fuel level tilt angle and the distance between the antenna and the fuel level based on flight attitude data, and the transmit power and TSCH channel frequency hopping sequence are dynamically adjusted in real time based on the predicted path loss increment.

[0019] In some embodiments, the step of dynamically adjusting the transmit power and channel frequency hopping in real time based on the acquired aircraft attitude data includes: Inertial navigation and acceleration data are acquired through the fuel data processing system, and after quaternion complementary filtering, a unified attitude vector is output, represented as: Att = [ , θ, az, q, p, r]; Where q, p, and r are the angular velocities of the body, used to predict the liquid surface displacement over a certain period of time in the future; Establish a fuel sloshing model, represented as: ; in, The angle of inclination of the liquid surface relative to the equilibrium surface. For the damping ratio, It is the undamped natural angular frequency, obtained from the average fuel level in the tank and the acceleration due to gravity, and is used to represent the speed at which the fuel level sways freely when it is undamped. , These represent the geometric parameters of the fuel tank. Will The shortest distance Δh between the antenna and the liquid surface, mapped to this distance, is expressed as: ; in, Indicates the antenna installation height. The equivalent fuel tank radius; The path loss ΔL(Δh,f) is obtained by looking up the pre-calibrated path loss table based on Δh, where f is the frequency of the radio frequency signal.

[0020] In some embodiments, the antenna is disposed inside the metal skin on the top of the fuel tank, and the signal radiation value is radiated throughout the entire cavity using the metal cavity.

[0021] In some embodiments, the wireless communication module of the fuel data processing system and the wireless sensing node unit integrates TSCH and UWB dual radio frequencies, and the TSCH and UWB dual radio frequencies share a dual-frequency slot antenna and are isolated by a duplexer.

[0022] The wireless communication module integrates CC1352P and DW3000 dual radio frequencies, shares a dual-band slot antenna, and is isolated by a duplexer.

[0023] In some embodiments, TSCH is monitored in real time, and UWB burst frames are automatically triggered when the TSCH packet loss rate exceeds a preset value or the HIRF alarm is valid.

[0024] A dual-routing mechanism with TSCH 6TiSCH RPL + UWB TWR star-topology backup is adopted to ensure the reliability of wireless communication.

[0025] The ARINC 600 socket of the fuel data processing system connects to a dual-protocol wireless communication module, which is pin-to-pin compatible with the ZigBee module.

[0026] In some embodiments, the wireless sensing unit includes a temperature sensor, a density sensor, a capacitance sensor, and a dielectric constant sensor. At the same measurement point, each type of sensing data is simultaneously measured using sensors with different configurations, such as MEMS, optical fiber, and resonant sensors. All sensor nodes integrate the TinyML anomaly detection model and only upload anomaly fragments.

[0027] In some embodiments, data from sensors with different configurations are acquired, a voting model is used to remove outdated data from the three sensor data streams, and the LS-SVM fusion algorithm is used to fuse the valid sensor data.

[0028] Specifically, the three redundant sensors provide three parallel measurement sequences: ρ1 (MEMS), ρ2 (fiber optic), and ρ3 (resonance); The difference between each pair of sensors is calculated every 50ms. If the difference between a sensor and the other two sensors is greater than 3σ, the sensor data is identified as outlier data, and only the remaining two data are used when outputting the estimated value.

[0029] The LS-SVM fusion algorithm performs data fusion processing, including: 1) Offline calibration Collect 1000 sets of calibration data, represented as follows: X = [T, ε, f] res , P]; Y = [ρ ref ]; Where T is the fuel temperature, ε is the relative permittivity, and f res The resonant frequency shift is given by P, where P is the immersion static pressure and ρ is the static pressure. ref This is the reference density for fuel.

[0030] The LS-SVM regression model is established as follows: ; in, This is an estimate of the fusion density. For Lagrange multipliers, For kernel function values, For training samples, x is the online input vector, and b is the bias term; K(x i , x) = exp(-‖x i -x‖ 2 / 2γ 2 The hyperparameters (γ, λ) are calculated using Bayesian optimization to find the minimum mean square error.

[0031] 2) Online reasoning The mean characteristics of the two sensor data streams are calculated and fed into the model to obtain the fusion density ρ. fuse ; The fusion residual is calculated and expressed as: ; when <1σ indicates normal; when 1σ < If <3σ, then progressive calibration is triggered; when If the value is greater than 3σ and continues for 3 cycles, self-healing retraining will be triggered.

[0032] The system deploys MEMS, fiber optic and resonant tri-mode heterogeneous sensors at the same measurement point, and achieves data self-calibration and fault self-healing through the voting model and LS-SVM fusion algorithm. The system is pin-to-pin compatible with the original wireless architecture, supports hot-swappable upgrades for flight lines, meets DO-178C DAL-B airworthiness requirements, and is suitable for measurement and control scenarios of fuel for various types of aircraft and UAVs.

[0033] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics coupled communication, characterized in that, include: A wireless sensing system includes a wireless sensor unit and a wireless sensor node unit. The wireless sensor unit is used to collect data on the temperature, density, capacitance, and dielectric constant of fuel. The wireless sensor node unit is used to process the data collected by the wireless sensor unit and send the data to a fuel data processing system. The fuel data processing system is used to receive and process data sent by the wireless sensor node unit. The fuel data processing system and the wireless sensor node unit use TSCH and aviation narrowband UWB dual protocol stack parallel communication, and dynamically adjust the transmission power and channel frequency hopping in real time according to the acquired aircraft attitude data. A radio frequency blockage prediction model is used to predict the fuel level tilt angle and the distance between the antenna and the fuel level based on flight attitude data. The transmit power and TSCH channel frequency hopping sequence are dynamically adjusted in real time based on the predicted path loss increment. The steps for real-time dynamic adjustment of transmit power and channel frequency hopping based on acquired aircraft attitude data include: Inertial navigation and acceleration data are acquired through the fuel data processing system, and after quaternion complementary filtering, a unified attitude vector is output, represented as: That = [ , θ, az, q, p, r]; Where q, p, and r are the angular velocities of the body, used to predict the liquid surface displacement over a certain period of time in the future; Establish a fuel sloshing model, represented as: ； in, The angle of inclination of the liquid surface relative to the equilibrium surface. For the damping ratio, It is the undamped natural angular frequency, obtained from the average fuel level in the tank and the acceleration due to gravity, and is used to represent the speed at which the fuel level sways freely when there is no damping. , These represent the geometric parameters of the fuel tank; Will The shortest distance Δh between the antenna and the liquid surface, mapped to this distance, is expressed as: ； Where h0 represents the antenna installation height, R tank The equivalent fuel tank radius; The path loss ΔL(Δh,f) is obtained by looking up the pre-calibrated path loss table based on Δh, where f is the frequency of the radio frequency signal.

2. The wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics field coupled communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna is located inside the metal skin on top of the fuel tank, and the signal is radiated throughout the entire cavity using the metal cavity.

3. The wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics field coupled communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel data processing system and the wireless communication module of the wireless sensing node unit integrate TSCH and UWB dual radio frequencies. The TSCH and UWB dual radio frequencies share a dual-frequency slot antenna and are isolated by a duplexer.

4. The wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics field coupled communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, Real-time monitoring of TSCH is performed. When the TSCH packet loss rate exceeds the preset value or the HIRF alarm is valid, UWB burst frames are automatically triggered.

5. The wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics field coupled communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless sensor unit includes a temperature sensor, a density sensor, a capacitance sensor, and a dielectric constant sensor. At the same measurement point, each type of sensor data is simultaneously measured using sensors with different configurations, such as MEMS, optical fiber, and resonant sensors.

6. The wireless fuel measurement and control system based on multi-physics field coupled communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, Data from sensors with different configurations are acquired, and a voting model is used to remove outdated data from the three sensor data streams. The LS-SVM fusion algorithm is then used to fuse the valid sensor data.

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