Single-gun-body in-situ rotating bullet-changing in-situ different-item perforator and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field exploration and development equipment, and discloses a single-gun-body in-situ rotary bullet-changing in-situ different-item perforator and an operation method thereof.The perforator comprises a shell, an annular cavity is formed in the shell, multiple pairs of through holes are oppositely formed in the two side walls of the annular cavity, and each pair of through holes are longitudinally formed; the two bullet supply parts are oppositely arranged on the shell, the rotary driving part is connected with the two bullet supply parts, and each bullet supply part is provided with a plurality of bullet storage bins corresponding to the second through holes, perforating bullets arranged in the bullet storage bins and a push-out part; the plurality of piezoelectric micro-valve modules are respectively arranged at the opposite through holes in the annular cavity and are used for controlling the opening degree of the valve; the control system is in signal connection with the rotary driving part, the plurality of push-out parts and the plurality of piezoelectric micro-valve modules; the perforator is simple in design and free of downhole fallen objects, double dynamic adjustment of variable energy and secondary phase can be achieved through a single tubular column, and the perforation efficiency and the reservoir transformation effect are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas field exploration and development equipment technology, and in particular to a single-section gun body in-situ rotating reloading perforator with co-position and heterogeneous direction and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional perforators generally use a fixed charge and a one-time ignition mode. A single well entry can only produce a single channel length and diameter, and cannot adjust the jet energy, perforation depth and orifice shape in real time according to reservoir differences.

[0003] To overcome the limitations of single-operation, one-on-one-off perforation, the industry has experimented with multi-parameter perforation methods such as dual-gun tandem, adjustable shaped charge liner, and electronic firing module. Dual-gun tandem firing involves segmented firing of the gun body with different charge amounts, but this requires lengthening the gun body, increasing pump pressure consumption in horizontal wells by 1.5MPa to 2.0MPa, and easily inducing well leakage. Adjustable shaped charge liner changes the penetration depth by changing the cone angle of the liner, but each change requires tripping out of the well, extending the well occupation time by 18 to 24 hours, and the cable wear failure rate is higher than 8% due to long-distance dragging in the horizontal section. Although the electronic firing module can control the inter-cluster delay, it cannot change the energy of a single hole, and the penetration depth and hole diameter remain fixed, and it cannot be dynamically optimized based on real-time logging curves.

[0004] More importantly, none of the aforementioned tools possess the capabilities of single-section gun body, in-situ rotary reloading, and online valve energy adjustment. This results in secondary perforation failing to address debris, precise phase, and variable penetration depth, making it difficult to meet the urgent needs of shale oil and tight gas large-section horizontal well fracturing for multi-cluster, multi-phase, and multi-parameter perforations with "same gun body, same location, different phases," severely restricting the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes a perforator and its operation method with in-situ rotational reloading of a single-section gun body and co-positional heterogeneous perforation, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. The perforator has a simple structural design, zero downhole debris, and can achieve dual dynamic adjustment of variable energy and secondary phase with a single tubing run, which significantly improves perforation efficiency and reservoir stimulation effect.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: a perforator for in-situ rotary reloading of a single-section gun body with co-positional and heterogeneous firing ports, comprising a housing, an annular cavity within the housing, and multiple pairs of through holes arranged longitudinally on the two side walls of the annular cavity; the perforator further includes: The in-situ ammunition changing module includes two ammunition feeding sections disposed opposite to each other within the housing and a rotary drive connected to the two ammunition feeding sections. Each ammunition feeding section is provided with multiple ammunition storage chambers corresponding to through holes, as well as firing projectiles and ejection components disposed in each ammunition storage chamber. The rotary drive is used to switch the correspondence between the two ammunition feeding sections and the through holes. Multiple piezoelectric microvalve modules are respectively set at the corresponding through holes in the annular cavity to control the valve opening and to perform differentiated adjustment of the perforation energy; The control system is signal-connected to the rotary drive, the plurality of ejectors, and the plurality of piezoelectric microvalve modules, and is used to control the rotation of the rotary drive, the ejection of the ejectors, and the valve opening adjustment of the piezoelectric microvalve modules.

[0007] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, each of the piezoelectric microvalve modules includes: an annular amplitude transformer, a positive piezoelectric ceramic and a negative piezoelectric ceramic, wherein the positive piezoelectric ceramic and the negative piezoelectric ceramic are axially arranged sequentially on the annular amplitude transformer and are used to extend and retract axially under the action of voltage to adjust the valve opening.

[0008] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the rotary drive includes: a central shaft, a plurality of central connecting rods, and a drive mechanism. The central shaft is longitudinally rotatably connected within the inner shell. The middle portions of the plurality of central connecting rods are all hinged to the central shaft. Two feed portions are disposed at both ends of the plurality of central connecting rods, and each feed portion is hinged to the end of the plurality of central connecting rods. The drive mechanism is connected to the central shaft and is used to drive the central shaft to rotate.

[0009] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the two ammunition feeding units are side-connected shafts, and each of the two ammunition feeding units is provided with a mounting groove on its opposite side. The ammunition storage chamber is disposed at the mounting groove, and the ejector is a hydraulic cylinder disposed in the mounting groove.

[0010] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic motor disposed above the central shaft, and the hydraulic motor is connected to the central shaft through a bevel gear mechanism to drive the central shaft to rotate.

[0011] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a positioner is provided inside the housing, and the positioner is signal-connected to the control system.

[0012] In at least one embodiment of the present invention, cables are provided on the sides of both feeding sections, and each cable is connected to a plurality of firing holes on the corresponding side. A detonation tube is provided above the side of the through hole in the outer shell, and the detonation tube corresponds to the cable. A detonation sequence assembly is connected to the top of the detonation tube, and the detonation sequence assembly is connected to the control system signal.

[0013] This invention also proposes a method for operating a perforator with in-situ rotating magazine change and co-positional but different firing positions on a single-section gun body, comprising the following steps: The single perforator section is run into the well along with the tubing string and positioned at the target reservoir depth in one go; According to the requirements, the piezoelectric microvalve module is controlled by the control system to open to the first degree, and the ejector pushes the perforating projectile to the through hole, and then detonates the perforating projectile so that the generated first jet energy forms the first phase channel in the casing formation. After the first perforation is completed, the pressure is released, and the control system drives the two ammunition feeding parts to rotate inside the outer casing through the rotary drive component, so that the ammunition storage chamber containing the unexploded perforation ammunition corresponds to the through hole, and at the same time drives the perforator to rotate relative to the tubing. According to the requirements, the piezoelectric microvalve module is controlled by the control system to open to the second opening degree, and the ejector pushes the perforating projectile to the through hole. Then the perforating projectile is detonated so that the generated second jet energy forms a second channel with a phase difference from the first channel at the same axial position. After the operation is completed, the piezoelectric microvalve module is de-energized and remains closed, and the perforator is pulled out with the tubing to complete two perforations of the same position but different phase and different energy in one trip of the tubing.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention integrates an in-situ rotary ammunition changing module and a piezoelectric microvalve module within a single gun section. A rotary drive unit rotates two ammunition feeding sections to achieve in-situ ammunition changing, aligning the unexploded orifice ammunition storage compartment with the through-hole. Simultaneously, the axial extension and retraction of the piezoelectric microvalve adjusts the valve opening, enabling precise perforation of two different phases and jet energies within the same axial position and gun section, eliminating the need for tripping or gun replacement. This surpasses existing technologies where dual-gun tandem systems require lengthening the gun section, increasing pump pressure loss in horizontal wells and increasing the risk of well leakage, and adjustable shaped charge hoods lead to longer well occupation times. Addressing issues such as extended service life, high cable wear failure rate, and the inability of electronic firing modules to change single-hole energy and lack of in-situ reloading and online energy adjustment capabilities, this invention enables secondary perforation of different phases and depths within the same section with a single tubing string. This eliminates the need for additional guns and tripping operations, significantly shortens the well occupation period, eliminates the risk of stuck drill bits due to falling objects, and allows for real-time adjustment of jet energy through valve ports to expand the exposed reservoir area and improve fracturing effect. The modular structure facilitates rapid on-site maintenance and is suitable for shale oil, tight gas, and re-perforation of old wells, achieving significant cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA.

[0018] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a local part of the structure.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the in-situ cartridge replacement module of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric microvalve module structure of the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Outer shell; 2. In-situ ammunition changing module; 21. Ammunition supply unit; 211. Ammunition storage bin; 212. Ejector; 22. Rotary drive component; 221. Central shaft; 222. Central connecting rod; 223. Drive mechanism; 3. Perforating projectile; 4. Piezoelectric microvalve module; 41. Annular amplitude transformer; 42. Positive piezoelectric ceramic; 43. Negative piezoelectric ceramic; 5. Cable; 6. Detonation tube; 7. Positioner; 8. Detonator; 81. Inertia cylinder; 82. Detonating charge; 83. Detonator. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The accompanying drawings in this invention are not strictly drawn to scale, and the specific dimensions and quantity of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in this invention are merely structural schematic diagrams.

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "far," "near," "front," and "rear" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0025] This invention, centered on "single-section gun body, in-situ rotary cartridge replacement, and co-positional heterogeneous secondary perforation," breaks through the operational limit of traditional perforators that require one gun per trip. It enables two precise firings at the same axial position without moving the tubing string and is compatible with piezoelectric microvalve variable energy output. As domestic shale oil, tight gas, and deep coalbed methane enter a large-scale development stage, the length of horizontal sections generally exceeds three kilometers and the number of sections continues to increase. The demand for "unlimited levels, fewer trips, and rapid fracturing" is becoming increasingly urgent. This technology provides a new low-cost, debris-free, and multi-parameter well completion method for the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas.

[0026] Combination Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a perforator for in-situ rotary reloading of a single-section gun body with in-situ, out-of-position firing ports includes a housing 1. The housing 1 has an annular cavity, and multiple pairs of through holes are arranged longitudinally on both side walls of the annular cavity. The perforator also includes: The in-situ ammunition changing module 2 includes two ammunition feeding sections 21 disposed opposite to each other within the outer casing 1 and a rotary drive component 22 connected to the two ammunition feeding sections 21. Each ammunition feeding section 21 is provided with multiple ammunition storage chambers 211 corresponding to through holes, and firing projectiles 3 and ejector components 212 disposed in each ammunition storage chamber 211. The rotary drive component 22 is used to switch the correspondence between the two ammunition feeding sections 21 and the through holes. Multiple piezoelectric microvalve modules 4 are respectively installed at opposite through holes within the annular cavity to control the valve opening and thus differentiate the perforation energy. A larger valve opening results in a more complete release of jet energy after the perforating projectile 3 detonates, leading to a greater perforation depth and diameter. Conversely, a smaller valve opening suppresses the jet energy, resulting in a corresponding decrease in perforation depth and diameter. Therefore, this module can precisely and in real-time adjust the perforation energy downhole, enabling the same gun body and the same perforating projectile 3 to produce differentiated jet energy outputs under different opening conditions, meeting the technological requirements for different perforation depths and orifice morphologies during in-situ, out-of-phase secondary perforation.

[0027] The control system is connected to the rotary drive 22, multiple ejectors 212 and multiple piezoelectric microvalve modules 4 for signal control of the rotation of the rotary drive 22, the ejectors 212, and the valve opening adjustment of the piezoelectric microvalve modules 4.

[0028] As an alternative embodiment, each piezoelectric microvalve module 4 includes: an annular amplitude transformer 41, a positive piezoelectric ceramic 42, and a negative piezoelectric ceramic 43. The positive and negative piezoelectric ceramics 42 and 43 are axially mounted sequentially on the annular amplitude transformer 41, and are used to perform axial expansion and contraction under the action of voltage to adjust the valve opening. The axial expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric microvalve module 4 under the action of voltage mainly utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials. First, piezoelectric materials are materials that can convert electrical energy and mechanical energy into each other, while the inverse piezoelectric effect is a phenomenon that can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. After the piezoelectric microvalve module 4 is energized, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet immediately elongates along the thickness direction due to the inverse piezoelectric effect; this slight elongation is amplified by the amplitude transformer and transmitted to the valve core, causing the entire valve to perform axial expansion and contraction, thereby controlling the opening and closing degree of the module.

[0029] As an alternative embodiment, the rotary drive 22 includes: a central shaft 221, multiple central connecting rods 222, and a drive mechanism 223. The central shaft 221 is longitudinally rotatably connected inside the housing 1. The central positions of the multiple central connecting rods 222 are all hinged to the central shaft 221. Two feeding parts 21 are disposed at both ends of the multiple central connecting rods 222, and each feeding part 21 is hinged to the end of the multiple central connecting rods 222. The drive mechanism 223 is connected to the central shaft 221 and is used to drive the central shaft 221 to rotate, so that the central shaft 221 drives the feeding parts 21 to rotate through the central connecting rods 222, thereby realizing in-situ ammunition replacement of the perforator.

[0030] As an alternative embodiment, the two ammunition feeding sections 21 are side-connected shafts, and each of the two ammunition feeding sections 21 has a mounting groove on its opposite side. The ammunition storage chamber 211 is located at the mounting groove, and the ejector 212 is a hydraulic cylinder located in the mounting groove. The hydraulic cylinder is used to perform telescopic movement to eject the perforated projectile 3.

[0031] As an alternative embodiment, the drive mechanism 223 is a hydraulic motor mounted above the central shaft 221. The hydraulic motor is connected to the central shaft 221 through a bevel gear mechanism and is used to drive the central shaft 221 to rotate. Specifically, the hydraulic motor is mounted on a rotating platform. The rotating platform transmits torque to the bevel gear set through the hydraulic motor inside it to drive the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft transmits torque to the central shaft 221 in the next module through a coupling. The central shaft 221 drives the side connecting rod and the perforating bullet 3 on it to rotate through the central connecting rod 222 and the pin.

[0032] As an alternative embodiment, the housing 1 is provided with a locator 7, which is connected to the control system signal; when the locator 7 detects that the perforator has reached the target reservoir, it will activate the detonator 8 at the upper end of the perforator.

[0033] As an alternative embodiment, each of the two ammunition supply sections 21 has a cable 5 on its side, and each cable 5 is connected to multiple perforated projectiles 3 on the corresponding side. A detonation tube 6 is located above the side of the through hole inside the outer casing 1, corresponding to the cable 5. The top of the detonation tube 6 is connected to a detonation sequence assembly, which is signal-connected to the control system. Specifically, the detonation sequence assembly includes an initiator 8, an inertia cylinder 81, a partition with a detonating charge 82, and a detonator 83. When the initiator 8 operates, an inertia cylinder 81 is located inside. A button inside the inertia cylinder 81 compresses a spring, causing an internal firing pin to operate. After the firing pin contacts the detonating charge 82 in the partition, it transfers heat to the cable 5 through an internal conduit. At this time, the spring resets the button. The cable 5 is connected to the side coupling and the perforated projectiles 3, completing the first detonation of the perforated projectile 3. When the perforated projectile 3 on the other side moves to the designated working position, the above steps are repeated to complete the second detonation of the perforated projectile 3.

[0034] This invention proposes a method for operating a perforator with in-situ rotating magazine change and co-positional but different firing directions on a single-section gun body, comprising the following steps: The single perforator section is run into the well along with the tubing string and positioned at the target reservoir depth in one go; Ground operators will issue an activation signal and, as needed, control the piezoelectric microvalve module 4 to open to the first degree through the control system, and cause the ejector 212 to push the perforating projectile 3 to the through hole, and then detonate the perforating projectile 3 so that the generated first jet energy forms the first phase channel in the casing formation. After the first perforation is completed, the pressure is released, and the control system drives the two ammunition feed sections 21 to rotate inside the outer casing 1 through the rotary drive component 22, so that the ammunition storage chamber 211 containing the unexploded perforation ammunition 3 corresponds to the through hole, and at the same time drives the perforator to rotate relative to the tube column. According to the requirements, the piezoelectric microvalve module 4 is controlled by the control system to open to the second opening degree, and the ejector 212 pushes the perforating bullet 3 to the through hole. Then the perforating bullet 3 is detonated so that the generated second jet energy forms a second channel with a phase difference from the first channel at the same axial position. After the operation is completed, the piezoelectric microvalve module 4 is de-energized and remains closed, and the perforator is pulled out with the tubing string to complete two perforations of the same position but different phase and different energy in one trip with zero well run-in material.

[0035] Compared to existing technologies that require lengthening the gun body, deploying isolation plugs, or performing a second tripping drill bit to complete secondary perforation, this invention integrates a rotating-connecting rod and a piezoelectric micro-valve within a single gun section. This allows for secondary perforation at different phases and depths within the same section with a single tubing run, eliminating the need for additional gun bodies and tripping drill bits, shortening the well occupation period, and eliminating the risk of stuck pipe due to falling debris. The valve orifice allows for real-time adjustment of jet energy, expanding the exposed reservoir area and improving fracturing effectiveness. The modular structure facilitates rapid on-site maintenance and is suitable for shale oil, tight gas, and re-perforation of old wells, significantly reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0036] The above embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions implemented in the present invention, and should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perforating device for in-situ rotary reloading of a single-section gun body with in-situ, out-of-position firing ports, comprising a housing, characterized in that, The outer shell is provided with an annular cavity, and the two side walls of the annular cavity are provided with multiple pairs of through holes, each pair of through holes being arranged longitudinally. The perforator also includes: The in-situ ammunition changing module includes two ammunition feeding sections disposed opposite to each other within a housing and a rotary drive connected to the two ammunition feeding sections. Each ammunition feeding section is provided with multiple ammunition storage chambers corresponding to through holes, as well as firing projectiles and ejection components disposed in each ammunition storage chamber. The rotary drive is used to switch the correspondence between the two ammunition feeding sections and the through holes. Multiple piezoelectric microvalve modules are respectively set at the corresponding through holes in the annular cavity to control the valve opening and to perform differentiated adjustment of the perforation energy; The control system is signal-connected to the rotary drive, the plurality of ejectors, and the plurality of piezoelectric microvalve modules, and is used to control the rotation of the rotary drive, the ejection of the ejectors, and the valve opening adjustment of the piezoelectric microvalve modules.

2. The firing device for in-situ rotary reloading and same-position but different-direction firing ports of a single-section gun body as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the piezoelectric microvalve modules includes: an annular amplitude transformer, a positive piezoelectric ceramic, and a negative piezoelectric ceramic. The positive and negative piezoelectric ceramics are axially mounted sequentially on the annular amplitude transformer and are used to extend and retract axially under the action of voltage to adjust the valve opening.

3. The firing device for in-situ rotary reloading and same-position but different-direction firing ports of a single-section gun body as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive component includes: The central shaft is longitudinally rotatably connected within the outer casing; Multiple central connecting rods are hinged to a central shaft at their central positions; two feeding parts are disposed at both ends of the multiple central connecting rods, and each feeding part is hinged to the end of the multiple central connecting rods. The drive mechanism, connected to the central shaft, is used to drive the central shaft to rotate.

4. The firing device for in-situ rotary reloading and same-position but different-direction firing ports of a single-section gun body as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two ammunition feeding units are side-connected shafts, and each of the two ammunition feeding units has a mounting groove on its opposite side. The ammunition storage compartment is located at the mounting groove, and the ejector is a hydraulic cylinder located in the mounting groove.

5. The firing device for in-situ rotary reloading and same-position but different-direction firing ports of a single-section gun body as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The drive mechanism is a hydraulic motor located above the central shaft. The hydraulic motor is connected to the central shaft through a bevel gear mechanism and is used to drive the central shaft to rotate.

6. The firing device for in-situ rotary reloading and same-position but different-direction firing ports of a single-section gun body as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The housing contains a positioner, which is connected to the control system via signals.

7. The firing device for in-situ rotary reloading of a single-section gun body with co-position but different firing directions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both of the ammunition feeding sections are equipped with cables on their sides, and each cable is connected to multiple firing holes on the corresponding side. A detonation tube is provided above the side of the through hole inside the outer shell, and the detonation tube corresponds to the cable. The top of the detonation tube is connected to a detonation sequence assembly, and the detonation sequence assembly is connected to the control system signal.

8. A method for operating a perforating device for in-situ rotary reloading and co-position heterogeneous firing holes on a single-section gun body, based on the perforating device for in-situ rotary reloading and co-position heterogeneous firing holes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The single perforator section is run into the well along with the tubing string and positioned at the target reservoir depth in one go; According to the requirements, the piezoelectric microvalve module is controlled by the control system to open to the first degree, and the ejector pushes the perforating projectile to the through hole, and then detonates the perforating projectile so that the generated first jet energy forms the first phase channel in the casing formation. After the first perforation is completed, the pressure is released, and the control system drives the two ammunition feeding parts to rotate inside the outer casing through the rotary drive component, so that the ammunition storage chamber containing the unexploded perforation ammunition corresponds to the through hole, and at the same time drives the perforator to rotate relative to the tubing. According to the requirements, the piezoelectric microvalve module is controlled by the control system to open to the second opening degree, and the ejector pushes the perforating projectile to the through hole. Then the perforating projectile is detonated so that the generated second jet energy forms a second channel with a phase difference from the first channel at the same axial position. After the operation is completed, the piezoelectric microvalve module is de-energized and remains closed, and the perforator is pulled out with the tubing to complete two perforations of the same position but different phase and different energy in one trip of the tubing.

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