Slope protection structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a side slope protection structure which comprises arbor and shrub plants planted on the slope surfaces on the two sides of a debris flow channel in a provenance area, and is characterized by further comprising retaining walls obliquely arranged on the slope surfaces on the two sides of the debris flow channel in the provenance area at intervals, the upper ends of the retaining walls are obliquely arranged in the downstream direction of the debris flow channel in the provenance area, and the lower ends of the retaining walls are obliquely arranged in the downstream direction of the debris flow channel in the provenance area. And a plurality of short retaining ridges are connected and arranged on the inclined upper side edge of the retaining ridge wall in a manner of extending towards the inclined upper part at intervals. Therefore, due to the arrangement of the retaining ridge wall and the short retaining ridge, the soil body of the slope surface is effectively partitioned and stabilized, and meanwhile, the drainage and guidance of a rainwater flowing path of the slope surface are improved, so that the treatment effect of preventing water and soil loss on the slope surface is greatly improved.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application number 2023218675171, "A protective structure for debris flow source area" with application date 2023-7-17. Technical Field

[0002] The utility model relates to the technical field of debris flow control, in particular to a slope protection structure. Background Art

[0003] Debris flow refers to a special flood that carries a large amount of solid materials such as mud, sand, stones and boulders caused by precipitation (rainstorm, glacier, snow melt) in valleys or hillsides. It is a disastrous geological phenomenon. Debris flow erodes the source material under precipitation conditions. In the channel, the speed of the debris flow with the water flow increases, thereby exacerbating the erosion. Loose materials on the slope are one of the sources of debris flow materials. When managing debris flow, protecting the transportation of slope source materials, reducing the erosion and discharge of slope source materials, and reducing the flow rate of debris flow are one of the measures to prevent and control debris flow. However, the existing debris flow control measures are generally passive interception and drainage, and after the debris flow occurs, it is easy to cause the retaining dam to be full, and it is heavy and destructive. After the debris flow subsides, the debris flow in the channel is silted up, reducing the drainage flow. The defects of the existing control measures are: 1. It is easy to cause the retaining dam to be full in a short period of time, affecting the service life. 2. Failure to actively fix the source material.

[0004] Therefore, how to better protect at the source, reduce the possibility of debris flow, and reduce the hazards of debris flow has become a problem to be considered by technical personnel in this field. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: how to provide a debris flow source area protection structure that can better stabilize the source material from the source, reduce the original flow velocity of the debris flow, reduce the discharge volume, reduce the debris flow hazards, and improve the debris flow control effect. And provide a slope protection structure that can improve the drainage and guidance of the slope rainwater flow path and improve the control effect of preventing soil erosion on the slope.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A debris flow source area protection structure, characterized in that it includes a slope protection structure and a ditch protection structure, the slope protection structure includes trees and shrubs planted on the slopes on both sides of the debris flow ditch in the source area, and the ditch protection structure includes slag retaining walls arranged along both sides of the ditch at the bottom of the slopes on both sides of the debris flow ditch in the source area.

[0008] The source area of ​​debris flow is also known as the debris flow formation area, which is the main source of water, soil or sand and gravel supply and starting point of debris flow. The reason for the formation of debris flow is related to the fact that the source area has sufficient water source conditions, the rock and soil are broken and piled with a large amount of loose sediments, the slope of the slope on both sides of the channel is too steep, and the area is located in an earthquake-prone area. In the above-mentioned source area protection structure, trees and shrubs are first planted on the slope to grasp the loose soil source to avoid soil and water loss easily caused by rain erosion and earthquakes. The debris flow source material is firmly intercepted to suppress the generation of debris flow from the source and reduce the source of sediment content mixed when the debris flow is generated. Then, slag walls are further set on both sides of the debris flow channel to intercept the large amount of soil that falls due to earthwork collapse and other reasons, so as to avoid being directly carried away by rainwater and reduce the content of the source material of the debris flow. Therefore, the prevention and control effect of debris flow can be better improved, and the safety of buildings downstream of the debris flow path can be improved.

[0009] Furthermore, the channel protection structure also includes a deceleration and interception structure located in the slag retaining walls on both sides.

[0010] In this way, a deceleration and interception structure is set up in the slag retaining wall to dissipate and decelerate the rainwater (mixed with soil and rocks) flowing in the channel, so as to prevent the rainwater from scouring the channel to form deep grooves and causing the upper slopes to collapse. Therefore, it can play a good role in eliminating and suppressing the generation of debris flows from the source as much as possible.

[0011] Furthermore, the deceleration and interception structure includes deceleration piers arranged in pairs on the inner walls of the slag retaining walls on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area, and deceleration walls arranged between the inner walls of the slag retaining walls on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area. The deceleration piers and deceleration walls are staggered and spaced along the length direction of the debris flow channel in the source area.

[0012] In this way, the rainwater flow (mixed with soil and rocks) entering the debris flow channel in the source area will converge to the middle and hit the deceleration wall below after passing through the deceleration pier to dissipate energy. Then, after passing through the deceleration wall to dissipate energy, it will be divided on both sides and hit the deceleration piers on both sides below. Therefore, the water flow is changed in direction by the deceleration pier and the deceleration wall in turn, causing it to repeatedly collide between the two. This can effectively eliminate the energy and flow rate of the water flow from the source, and play a role in preventing and controlling the debris flow from the source. After the water flow is decelerated, it can better avoid scouring the bottom of the ditch, and prevent the formation of deep grooves due to scouring at the bottom of the ditch, which will cause the collapse of both sides and carry away the earth.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the debris flow channel in the source area is flat, and the upper side of the vertical section along the channel width direction is horizontal.

[0014] In this way, it is more convenient to arrange the deceleration wall and the deceleration interception structure, and the water flow can be better intercepted and energy can be dissipated, which can better prevent the water flow from scouring deep grooves at the bottom of the ditch and causing collapse on both sides.

[0015] Furthermore, the projection of the deceleration wall along the length direction of the debris flow channel in the source area can cover the space between adjacent deceleration piers, so that the water flow can be better guided to collide with each other between the deceleration wall and the deceleration pier to dissipate energy.

[0016] Furthermore, the foundation parts of the deceleration pier and the deceleration wall respectively located under the ground surface extend transversely along the channel width direction and are cast and fixed as a whole with the slag retaining walls on both sides.

[0017] In this way, the structural strength of the deceleration pier and the deceleration wall can be better improved to prevent them from being destroyed by water flow.

[0018] Furthermore, the lower part of the upstream side of the deceleration wall and the deceleration pier has a cover plate extending and protruding outward, and the upper surface of the cover plate is flush with the bottom surface of the debris flow channel in the source area.

[0019] This is because the debris flow channels in the source area usually have a large slope, and the rainwater gathered at the bottom of the channel has a large scouring force. Therefore, the setting of the cover plate can effectively prevent the soil below the front side of the deceleration wall and the deceleration pier from being washed away by the water flow to form a deep pit, thereby better protecting the shape of the channel bottom and protecting the stability of the deceleration wall and the deceleration pier structure.

[0020] Furthermore, there is a distance between the slag retaining wall and the bottom sides of the slope surfaces on both sides.

[0021] This is because if the slag retaining wall and the bottom sides of the slopes on both sides are directly connected, a narrow gap will be formed between the two, which will increase the scouring force of the water flow, and then it will be easy to carry away the soil at the bottom of the slope to form a deep ditch, which will further cause the slope soil to collapse. Therefore, a distance is left between the slag retaining wall and the bottom sides of the slopes on both sides as a space for rainwater to gather and buffer, so as to better prevent the soil from being carried away.

[0022] Furthermore, water outlet gaps are arranged in sections on the slag retaining wall.

[0023] In this way, rainwater gathered between the slag retaining wall and the slopes on both sides can flow out from the water outlet gap in sections, and enter the slag retaining wall to be decelerated by the deceleration interception structure, thereby preventing the rainwater from gathering between the slag retaining wall and the slopes on both sides from increasing the scouring force and carrying away the soil at the bottom of the slope to form a deep ditch.

[0024] Furthermore, the water outlet gaps on the slag retaining wall are arranged at intervals of 0.1-0.5 meters every time the slope height of the channel decreases. In this way, it is possible to better prevent the rainwater gathered between the slag retaining wall and the slopes on both sides from forming scour.

[0025] Furthermore, an extension partition is provided at the upper end of the slag retaining wall below each water outlet gap in the direction of the corresponding outer slope surface to connect with the slope surface.

[0026] In this way, relying on the extended partition, the rainwater in the upper section of the slag retaining wall of each water outlet gap can be forcibly discharged to avoid the formation of rainwater gathering and scouring in the slag retaining wall, which greatly improves the protection effect of the soil at the foot of the slope.

[0027] Furthermore, the outer side of the extended partition is inclined upward, so that rainwater can be discharged more smoothly, avoiding rainwater from scouring the bottom of the extended partition and carrying away the bottom soil, causing loss.

[0028] Furthermore, the slope protection structure also includes retaining walls arranged obliquely at intervals on the slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel in the source area, the upper ends of the retaining walls are arranged obliquely along the downstream direction of the debris flow channel in the source area, and the upper oblique sides of the retaining walls are extended obliquely upward (vertically) at intervals and connected with a number of short retaining walls.

[0029] In this way, the setting of retaining walls and short retaining walls effectively divides and stabilizes the soil on the slope, while at the same time improving the drainage and guidance of rainwater flow paths on the slope, thereby greatly improving the effect of preventing soil erosion on the slope.

[0030] Furthermore, a water diversion trough is integrally formed at the bottom edge of the upper oblique side of the retaining wall. The water diversion trough is buried in the surface of the slope soil and the groove is flush with the slope. A clearance gap is provided at the position of the water diversion trough on the short retaining wall.

[0031] In this way, rainwater gathered along the upper side of the retaining wall can enter the water diversion trough and flow downward, preventing the gathered rainwater from eroding the soil below the upper side of the retaining wall. Since the short retaining wall is short, there is no need to consider setting up a water diversion trough.

[0032] Furthermore, the height of the retaining wall exposed on the slope surface is 5-20cm, and the depth buried below the slope surface is 10-25cm. The height of the short retaining wall exposed on the slope surface is 0-5cm, and the depth buried below the slope surface is 10-25cm.

[0033] In this way, the overall height of the retaining wall and the short retaining wall will not affect the movement and survival of animals. The retaining wall is relatively high above the slope and can better collect rainwater. The short retaining wall is short, so the upper end is basically level with the slope or slightly higher. Both are buried deeper to better improve the reinforcement effect of the soil.

[0034] Furthermore, the trees and shrubs are trees and shrubs planted in a staggered arrangement at intervals.

[0035] In this way, trees and shrubs are planted in staggered arrangements. Trees grow slowly but have deep roots, which can effectively stabilize the deep soil. Shrubs have shallow roots but grow quickly, and are easy to reproduce and grow horizontally, which can quickly stabilize the surface of the soil. Therefore, the combination of the two can not only improve the biodiversity of slope vegetation, but also better achieve comprehensive stabilization and protection of the soil.

[0036] Furthermore, the trees are planted at the lower side of the short barrier, and the shrubs are planted at the upper side of the short barrier.

[0037] In this way, because trees have deep roots, planting them on the lower side of the short sill can better support the short sill and improve its structural stability. Shrubs are relatively easy to reproduce horizontally and require more water for growth, so planting them on the upper side of the short sill as a water catchment area can better facilitate their growth and reproduction and form vegetation coverage on the soil more quickly.

[0038] In summary, the utility model can better stabilize the source material from the source, reduce the original flow velocity of the debris flow, reduce the discharge volume, reduce the hazards of the debris flow, and improve the debris flow control effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 The arrows in the accompanying drawings indicate the direction of water flow.

[0040] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The AA section view used to display the speed reduction pier structure.

[0041] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The BB section view used to display the speed reduction wall structure.

[0042] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The CC section view used to display the retaining wall structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0044] Best practice: A debris flow source area protection structure, see Figure 1-4 The debris flow source area protection structure includes a slope protection structure and a ditch protection structure. The slope protection structure includes trees and shrubs planted on the slopes on both sides of the debris flow ditch in the source area. The ditch protection structure includes a slag retaining wall 1 arranged along both sides of the ditch at the bottom of the slopes on both sides of the debris flow ditch in the source area.

[0045] In this way, the provenance area of ​​debris flow is also called the debris flow formation area, which is the main source of water, soil or sand and gravel supply and the source of the debris flow. The reason for the formation of debris flow is related to the fact that the provenance area has sufficient water source conditions, the rock and soil are broken and a large amount of loose sediments are accumulated, the slopes on both sides of the ditch are too steep, and the area is an earthquake-prone zone. In the above-mentioned provenance area protection structure, trees and shrubs are first planted on the slope to grasp the loose soil source to avoid soil and water loss caused by rain erosion and earthquakes. Then, slag walls are further set on both sides of the debris flow channel to intercept large quantities of soil that falls due to earth collapse and other reasons, to prevent them from being directly carried away by rainwater, and to reduce the content of the origin material of the debris flow.

[0046] Wherein, the channel protection structure also includes a deceleration and interception structure located in the slag retaining walls 1 on both sides.

[0047] In this way, a deceleration and interception structure is set up in the slag retaining wall to dissipate and decelerate the rainwater (mixed with soil and rocks) flowing in the channel, so as to prevent the rainwater from scouring the channel to form deep grooves and causing the upper slopes to collapse. Therefore, it can play a good role in eliminating and suppressing the generation of debris flows from the source as much as possible.

[0048] Among them, the deceleration and interception structure includes deceleration piers 2 which are arranged in pairs on the inner walls of the slag retaining walls on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area, and deceleration walls 3 which are arranged between the inner walls of the slag retaining walls on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area. The deceleration piers 2 and deceleration walls 3 are staggered and spaced along the length direction of the debris flow channel in the source area.

[0049] In this way, the rainwater flow (mixed with soil and rocks) entering the debris flow channel in the source area will converge to the middle and hit the deceleration wall below after passing through the deceleration pier to dissipate energy. Then, after passing through the deceleration wall to dissipate energy, it will be divided on both sides and hit the deceleration piers on both sides below. Therefore, the water flow is changed in direction by the deceleration pier and the deceleration wall in turn, causing it to repeatedly collide between the two. This can effectively eliminate the energy and flow rate of the water flow from the source, and play a role in preventing and controlling the debris flow from the source. After the water flow is decelerated, it can better avoid scouring the bottom of the ditch, and prevent the formation of deep grooves due to scouring at the bottom of the ditch, which will cause the collapse of both sides and carry away the earth.

[0050] Among them, the bottom of the debris flow channel in the source area is flat, and the upper side of the vertical section along the width of the channel is horizontal.

[0051] In this way, it is more convenient to arrange the deceleration wall and the deceleration interception structure, and the water flow can be better intercepted and energy can be dissipated, which can better prevent the water flow from scouring deep grooves at the bottom of the ditch and causing collapse on both sides.

[0052] The projection of the deceleration wall 3 along the length direction of the debris flow channel in the source area can cover the space between the adjacent deceleration piers 4. In this way, the water flow can be better guided to collide with each other between the deceleration wall and the deceleration pier to dissipate energy.

[0053] The foundation parts of the deceleration pier 2 and the deceleration wall 3 respectively located under the ground surface extend transversely along the channel width direction and are cast and fixed as a whole with the slag retaining walls on both sides.

[0054] In this way, the structural strength of the deceleration pier and the deceleration wall can be better improved to prevent them from being destroyed by water flow.

[0055] The lower part of the upstream side of the deceleration wall 3 and the deceleration pier 2 has a cover plate 4 extending outward, and the upper surface of the cover plate 4 is flush with the bottom surface of the debris flow channel in the source area.

[0056] This is because the debris flow channels in the source area usually have a large slope, and the rainwater gathered at the bottom of the channel has a large scouring force. Therefore, the setting of the cover plate can effectively prevent the soil below the front side of the deceleration wall and the deceleration pier from being washed away by the water flow to form a deep pit, thereby better protecting the shape of the channel bottom and protecting the stability of the deceleration wall and the deceleration pier structure.

[0057] There is a distance (usually 20-50 cm) between the slag retaining wall 1 and the bottom sides of the slopes on both sides.

[0058] This is because if the slag retaining wall and the bottom sides of the slopes on both sides are directly connected, a narrow gap will be formed between the two, which will increase the scouring force of the water flow, and then it will be easy to carry away the soil at the bottom of the slope to form a deep ditch, which will further cause the slope soil to collapse. Therefore, a distance is left between the slag retaining wall and the bottom sides of the slopes on both sides as a space for rainwater to gather and buffer, so as to better prevent the soil from being carried away.

[0059] Wherein, the slag retaining wall 1 is provided with water outlet gaps 5 in sections.

[0060] In this way, rainwater gathered between the slag retaining wall and the slopes on both sides can flow out from the water outlet gap in sections, and enter the slag retaining wall to be decelerated by the deceleration interception structure, thereby preventing the rainwater from gathering between the slag retaining wall and the slopes on both sides from increasing the scouring force and carrying away the soil at the bottom of the slope to form a deep ditch.

[0061] The water outlet notches 5 on the slag retaining wall are arranged at intervals of 0.1-0.5 meters every time the slope height of the channel drops. In this way, it is possible to better prevent the rainwater gathered between the slag retaining wall and the slopes on both sides from scouring.

[0062] Among them, an extension partition 6 is arranged on the upper end of the slag retaining wall below each water outlet gap 5 in the direction of the corresponding outer slope surface to connect with the slope surface.

[0063] In this way, relying on the extended partition, the rainwater in the upper section of the slag retaining wall of each water outlet gap can be forcibly discharged to avoid the formation of rainwater gathering and scouring in the slag retaining wall, which greatly improves the protection effect of the soil at the foot of the slope.

[0064] Among them, the outer side of the extended partition 6 is tilted upward, so that rainwater can be discharged more smoothly, avoiding rainwater from scouring the bottom soil in front of the extended partition and causing loss.

[0065] Among them, the slope protection structure also includes retaining walls 7 arranged obliquely at intervals on the slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel in the source area. The upper ends of the retaining walls 7 are arranged obliquely along the downstream direction of the debris flow channel in the source area, and the upper oblique sides of the retaining walls 7 are extended obliquely upward (vertically) at intervals and connected with a number of short retaining walls 8.

[0066] In this way, the setting of retaining walls and short retaining walls effectively divides and stabilizes the soil on the slope, while at the same time improving the drainage and guidance of rainwater flow paths on the slope, thereby greatly improving the effect of preventing soil erosion on the slope.

[0067] Among them, a water diversion trough 9 is integrally formed at the bottom edge of the upper oblique side of the retaining wall 7. The water diversion trough 9 is buried in the surface of the slope soil and the groove is flush with the slope. A clearance gap is set at the position of the water diversion trough on the short retaining wall.

[0068] In this way, rainwater gathered along the upper side of the retaining wall can enter the water diversion trough and flow downward, preventing the gathered rainwater from eroding the soil below the upper side of the retaining wall. Since the short retaining wall is short, there is no need to consider setting up a water diversion trough.

[0069] The retaining wall 7 is exposed to the slope surface at a height of 5-20 cm and buried to a depth of 10-25 cm below the slope surface. The short retaining wall 8 is exposed to the slope surface at a height of 0-5 cm and buried to a depth of 10-25 cm below the slope surface.

[0070] In this way, the overall height of the retaining wall and the short retaining wall will not affect the movement and survival of animals. The retaining wall is relatively high above the slope and can better collect rainwater. The short retaining wall is short, so the upper end is basically level with the slope or slightly higher. Both are buried deeper to better improve the reinforcement effect of the soil.

[0071] The trees and shrubs are trees and shrubs planted in staggered arrangements.

[0072] In this way, trees and shrubs are planted in staggered arrangements. Trees grow slowly but have deep roots, which can effectively stabilize the deep soil. Shrubs have shallow roots but grow quickly, and are easy to reproduce and grow horizontally, which can quickly stabilize the surface of the soil. Therefore, the combination of the two can not only improve the biodiversity of slope vegetation, but also better achieve comprehensive stabilization and protection of the soil.

[0073] The trees are planted at the lower side of the short barrier 8 , and the shrubs are planted at the upper side of the short barrier 8 .

[0074] In this way, because trees have deep roots, planting them on the lower side of the short sill can better support the short sill and improve its structural stability. Shrubs are relatively easy to reproduce horizontally and require more water for growth, so planting them on the upper side of the short sill as a water catchment area can better facilitate their growth and reproduction and form vegetation coverage on the soil more quickly.

Claims

1. A slope protection structure, comprising trees and shrubs planted on the slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel in the source area, characterized in that: It also includes retaining walls arranged obliquely at intervals on the slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel in the source area, the upper ends of the retaining walls are arranged obliquely along the downstream direction of the debris flow channel in the source area, and the upper oblique sides of the retaining walls are extended obliquely upward at intervals to connect with a number of short retaining walls.

2. The slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An integrally formed water diversion trough is provided at the bottom edge of the upper inclined side of the retaining wall. The water diversion trough is buried in the surface of the slope soil and the groove is flush with the slope. A clearance gap is provided at the position of the water diversion trough on the short retaining wall.

3. The slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the retaining wall exposed on the slope is 5-20cm, and the depth buried below the slope is 10-25cm. The height of the short retaining wall exposed on the slope is 0-5cm, and the depth buried below the slope is 10-25cm.

4. The slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tree and shrub plants are trees and shrubs planted in staggered arrangement at intervals.

5. The slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The trees are planted at the lower side of the short barrier, and the shrubs are planted at the upper side of the short barrier.

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