Capillary viscometer for measuring viscosity of heavy oil

Abstract

The utility model relates to a capillary viscometer for measuring viscosity of heavy oil, which comprises a viscometer body, a thermostatic bath and a cleaning device, and the viscometer body comprises a sample inlet, an expansion part, a capillary, an upper liquid bubble and a lower liquid bubble which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, the upper detector, the middle detector and the lower detector are arranged at the corresponding positions, constant-temperature liquid is arranged in the constant-temperature groove, the viscometer body is arranged in the constant-temperature groove, and the bottom of the viscometer body penetrates through the bottom of the constant-temperature groove; the top of the viscometer body is higher than the constant-temperature liquid level, the expansion part is located below the constant-temperature liquid level, the viscometer body is communicated with a cleaning guide pipe, and cleaning liquid of the cleaning device flows in from the cleaning guide pipe and flows out from the bottom of the capillary tube for cleaning. The device can realize automatic detection and automatic cleaning, realizes trace sample testing, reduces constant temperature and sample falling time, realizes parallel sample testing, increases the testing range, improves the measurement timeliness, and further improves the heavy oil recovery rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of Newtonian liquid viscosity analysis, in particular to a capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil. Background Art

[0002] Heavy oil, also known as fuel oil, is a dark liquid. It is the remaining heavy oil after gasoline and diesel are extracted from crude oil. It is characterized by large molecular weight and high viscosity. The commonly used technology in heavy oil development is to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil in the reservoir, increase the temperature, and reduce the viscosity to increase production and recovery rate. Therefore, the viscosity of heavy oil is a very important indicator. Because heavy oil is dark, difficult to clean, and has high viscosity, it has always been difficult to measure the viscosity of heavy oil. GB / T 266 "Engler Viscosity Determination of Petroleum Products" is usually used in China to measure the viscosity of heavy oil. Engler viscosity, also known as Engler viscosity. It is the ratio of the time required for a certain amount of sample to flow out of 200 ml of sample from the Engler viscometer at a specified temperature (such as: 50℃, 80℃, 100℃) to the time (seconds) required for distilled water to flow out the same volume at 20℃. When the temperature is t, the Engler viscosity is represented by the symbol Et, and the unit of the Engler viscosity is conditional degree. However, it is generally believed that the test accuracy of the En-type viscosity is too low. During the measurement process, the instrument temperature control, horizontal adjustment, the vibration of the instrument when lifting the cork, burrs on both ends of the outflow tube, and the operator's operating skills will all cause large test errors. And the cleaning of the viscosity cup after the test is completed is a problem that bothers the operator.

[0003] According to Appendix A of GB / T265-88 "Method for determination of kinematic viscosity of petroleum products and calculation method of dynamic viscosity", the Engelhard viscosity can be converted from kinematic viscosity. However, if you want to directly obtain the kinematic viscosity of heavy oil, you can only measure it through GB / T11137-1989 "Method for determination of kinematic viscosity of dark petroleum products (countercurrent method) and calculation method of dynamic viscosity". The sample volume required by this method is about 15mL. At the same time, because the sample volume is large, a constant temperature process is required before measurement to make the measured sample reach the target temperature. The national standard requires that it must reach 15 minutes. If the difference between the ambient temperature and the target temperature is very large, it may even take 25 minutes. If the sample is exposed to the air for a long time, it is very likely to lose its original characteristics. At the same time, according to the requirements of the national standard, the measurement timing of the countercurrent thermometer must be greater than 200 seconds, that is, the sample landing time must reach 200 seconds to be effective. Therefore, the measurement timeliness of this method is poor. In addition, this method requires manual operation during the measurement process, and the quantitative measurement is also manually measured by eye during the sample suction process, and the sample landing time is calculated by pinching the stopwatch. The business proficiency of the operator is high, so the degree of automation is low, and this method also has the disadvantages of difficult cleaning. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above problems, the utility model provides a capillary viscometer for measuring heavy oil viscosity which reduces sample placement time, improves measurement timeliness and convenience, further improves heavy oil recovery rate, and has automatic detection and automatic cleaning.

[0005] The utility model solves the above technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme: a capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil, comprising a viscometer body, a thermostatic bath and a cleaning device, wherein the viscometer body comprises an inlet, an expansion part and a capillary which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the capillary is sequentially provided with an upper liquid bubble and a lower liquid bubble from top to bottom, wherein an upper scale line is provided above the upper liquid bubble, a middle scale line is provided between the upper liquid bubble and the lower liquid bubble, and a lower scale line is provided below the lower liquid bubble, wherein the upper scale line, the middle scale line and the lower scale line are respectively provided with There are an upper detector, a middle detector and a lower detector. A constant temperature liquid is arranged in the constant temperature bath. The viscometer body is placed in the constant temperature bath and the bottom of the viscometer body passes through the bottom of the constant temperature bath. At the same time, the penetration of the viscometer body and the constant temperature bath is sealed by a sealing member. The top of the viscometer body is higher than the liquid level of the constant temperature liquid and the expansion part is below the liquid level of the constant temperature liquid. A cleaning conduit is connected on the viscometer body and located above the capillary. The cleaning liquid of the cleaning device flows into the cleaning conduit and then flows out from the bottom of the capillary for cleaning.

[0006] Preferably, the cleaning device includes a cleaning liquid container, a cleaning liquid delivery pump, a waste liquid cup, a waste liquid container and a negative pressure pump arranged outside the waste liquid container, the cleaning catheter is connected to the cleaning liquid container through a first connecting pipe and the first connecting pipe extends into the bottom of the cleaning liquid container, the cleaning liquid container is provided with cleaning liquid, the cleaning liquid delivery pump is arranged on the first connecting pipe above the cleaning liquid container, the bottom of the capillary extends into the waste liquid cup, the side wall and the bottom of the waste liquid cup are respectively connected to the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe is connected to a ventilation solenoid valve, the end of the third connecting pipe away from the waste liquid cup extends into the waste liquid container and the third connecting pipe is provided with a drain solenoid valve, the negative pressure pump is connected to the waste liquid container through a fourth connecting pipe and the end of the fourth connecting pipe away from the negative pressure pump extends into the waste liquid container.

[0007] Preferably, the expansion portion is 1 to 5 cm below the level of the constant temperature liquid.

[0008] Preferably, the expansion portion is in the shape of a flat bulb.

[0009] Preferably, the diameter of the expansion portion is much larger than the diameter of the capillary tube.

[0010] Preferably, the diameter of the expansion portion is 30 mm to 40 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the thermostatic bath, the upper detector, the middle detector, the lower detector and the cleaning device are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0012] Preferably, the upper vacuole and the lower vacuole are both located in the lower part of the capillary.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The expansion part of the utility model plays a role in keeping the height of the liquid column unchanged during the sample drop test, thereby ensuring that the constant of the capillary is determined, and then the accurate kinematic viscosity is obtained by calculation. The expansion part is in the shape of a flat bubble, and the diameter of the expansion part is much larger than the diameter of the capillary, which is convenient for the cleaning device to clean, remove residual samples in all aspects, and improve the cleaning time efficiency;

[0015] 2. The structural design of the utility model realizes the testing of trace samples, saves sample resources, constant temperature time and sample drop time, effectively reduces the consumption of cleaning agents, improves the timeliness and convenience of measurement, and further provides stable data support for improving the recovery rate of heavy oil. At the same time, the utility model can simultaneously obtain the sample drop time corresponding to the three constants of the viscometer through the upper scale line, the middle scale line and the lower scale line and the detectors arranged at the corresponding positions, so as to obtain multiple kinematic viscosities in one test, realize parallel sample testing and increase the test range, and improve the test efficiency;

[0016] 3. The cleaning device of the utility model can perform the actions of draining waste liquid and flushing the viscometer alternately for multiple times according to the difficulty of cleaning the sample, thereby improving the cleanliness and saving the cleaning liquid;

[0017] 4. The utility model has a high degree of automation. Through the controller, it automatically controls the temperature, measures the sample falling time and cleaning, realizes automatic detection and automatic cleaning, saves labor, effectively reduces the test labor cost and consumables cost, and is more efficient and environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the viscometer body in the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined Figure 1-2 The present invention is described in detail. Here, the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] A capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil, comprising a viscometer body 1, a thermostatic bath 2 and a cleaning device, wherein the viscometer body comprises an injection port 14, an expansion portion 15 and a capillary 16 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, an upper vacuole 18 and a lower vacuole 19 are sequentially arranged on the capillary from top to bottom, specifically, the upper vacuole and the lower vacuole are both located at the lower part of the capillary, an upper scale line 20 is arranged above the upper vacuole, a middle scale line 21 is arranged between the upper vacuole and the lower vacuole, a lower scale line 22 is arranged below the lower vacuole, an upper detector 4, a middle detector 5 and a lower detector 6 are arranged at the upper scale line, the middle scale line and the lower scale line respectively, a thermostatic liquid 3 is arranged in the thermostatic bath, the viscometer body is placed in the thermostatic bath and the bottom of the viscometer body passes through the bottom of the thermostatic bath, and the viscosity The viscometer body and the thermostatic bath are sealed at the penetration point by a seal, the top of the viscometer body is higher than the thermostatic liquid level and the expansion part is below the thermostatic liquid level, preferably the expansion part is 1 to 5 cm below the thermostatic liquid level, and the expansion part is a flat bubble shape, the diameter of the expansion part is much larger than the diameter of the capillary, and the viscometer body and the capillary are connected with a cleaning duct 17, in this scheme, the cleaning duct is arranged on one side of the top of the expansion part, and the cleaning liquid of the cleaning device flows into the cleaning duct and then flows out from the bottom of the capillary for cleaning, the thermostatic bath, the upper detector, the middle detector, the lower detector and the cleaning device are all electrically connected to the controller, and the thermostatic liquid in the thermostatic bath can reach the target temperature through the temperature control system and the stirring system, and keep the temperature field uniform.

[0022] The cleaning device includes a cleaning liquid container 12, a cleaning liquid delivery pump 13, a waste liquid cup 7, a waste liquid container 10 and a negative pressure pump 11 arranged outside the waste liquid container. The cleaning catheter is connected to the cleaning liquid container through a first connecting pipe, and the first connecting pipe extends into the bottom of the cleaning liquid container. The cleaning liquid container is provided with cleaning liquid. The cleaning liquid delivery pump is arranged on the first connecting pipe above the cleaning liquid container. The bottom of the capillary extends into the waste liquid cup. The side wall and the bottom of the waste liquid cup are respectively connected to the second connecting pipe and the third connecting pipe. The second connecting pipe is connected to a ventilation solenoid valve 8. The end of the third connecting pipe away from the waste liquid cup extends into the waste liquid container. At the same time, a discharge solenoid valve 9 is arranged on the third connecting pipe. The negative pressure pump is connected to the waste liquid container through a fourth connecting pipe, and the end of the fourth connecting pipe away from the negative pressure pump extends into the waste liquid container.

[0023] like Figure 1As shown, a certain amount of sample (such as 5 ml) is sucked by a micropipette or syringe and injected into the injection port. The sample falls into the expansion part. At this time, the ventilation solenoid valve and the drainage solenoid valve are in a closed state. The sample will stay in the expansion part for constant temperature of the sample. During the constant temperature process, the expansion part is ensured to be below the constant temperature liquid level and 3 cm below the liquid level. When the sample reaches the target temperature, open the ventilation solenoid valve to allow the bottom of the viscometer body to communicate with the atmosphere. The sample enters the capillary. When the liquid level at the front end of the sample reaches the upper scale line, the upper detector detects the liquid level and starts timing. After the sample slowly fills the upper liquid bubble, it falls to the middle scale line. The middle detector detects the liquid level and records the time when the sample passes through the capillary to fill the upper liquid bubble. The sample continues to fall and fills the lower liquid bubble and reaches the lower scale line. The lower detector detects the liquid level and records the time when the sample passes through the capillary to fill the lower liquid bubble.

[0024] Kinematic viscosity refers to the time it takes for a certain volume of liquid to flow through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer under the action of gravity at a constant temperature. The product of the capillary constant of the viscometer and the flow time is the excess viscosity of the liquid measured at that temperature.

[0025] The measurement result is obtained by multiplying the viscosity tube constant c by the flow time t according to the kinematic viscosity calculation formula 1.

[0026] v = c × t (Formula 1)

[0027] v:——kinematic viscosity unit: mm 2 / s

[0028] C:——Viscosity tube constant Unit: mm 2 / s 2

[0029] t:——Flow time measured in the experiment Unit: s

[0030] According to formula 2, the Poiseuillen formula (also known as the Hagen-Poiseuillen law),

[0031]

[0032] The calculation formula of kinematic viscosity is obtained:

[0033]

[0034] Where:

[0035] η——dynamic viscosity;

[0036] v——kinematic viscosity;

[0037] R——capillary radius;

[0038] L——capillary length

[0039] P——pressure difference between the two ends of the capillary

[0040] V——The volume of fluid flowing through the capillary in time t

[0041] g——acceleration due to gravity

[0042] t——Flow time of volume V of fluid

[0043] Q——capillary flow

[0044] h——height of liquid column

[0045] ρ——Fluid density

[0046] According to formula 1 and formula 3, we can get

[0047]

[0048] According to formula 4, the viscosity tube constant depends on the inner diameter, length, gravity acceleration, liquid column height and fluid volume of the capillary. For the same capillary, the radius, length, fluid volume, and gravity acceleration (same location) have been determined. As long as the liquid column height remains unchanged, the capillary constant is determined. During the sample drop test, the expansion part plays a role in keeping the liquid column height unchanged. The expansion part is a flat bubble. When the sample enters the capillary, because the diameter of the expansion part is much larger than the capillary diameter, the height of the sample liquid level inside the expansion part caused by the sample filling the capillary, the upper vacuole and the lower vacuole can be ignored. In theory, the larger the diameter of the expansion part, the better, but from the perspective of sample consumption, constant temperature time, viscometer cleaning time and cleaning fluid consumption, the diameter of the expansion part is 30mm~40mm.

[0049] Because there are two vacuoles in the lower part of the viscometer body, the upper vacuoles and the lower vacuoles, the two vacuoles can be combined to form three constants, the upper vacuoles are constants C 上 , the lower vacuole is a constant C 下 The sum of the volumes of the upper and lower vacuoles is C. 上+下 The sample will fill two vacuoles during the falling process, and the time for the sample to fill the two vacuoles can be recorded to obtain the sample falling time t corresponding to the three constants of the viscometer. 上 , t 下 , and t 上+下 The sample falling time is the flow time. When the sample reaches the upper scale line, the timing starts, and when it reaches the middle scale line, the flow time t is recorded. 上 The time it takes for the sample to fill the upper bubble, and the flow time t is when it reaches the lower scale line from the middle scale line. 下 is the time it takes for the sample to fill the lower vacuole, and the total time it takes for the sample to fill the upper and lower vacuoles is t 上+下, multiple viscosities can be obtained in one test, parallel sample testing can be achieved and the test range can be increased.

[0050] After the test is completed, the cleaning procedure begins. The cleaning procedure is divided into three actions: draining waste liquid, flushing the viscometer, and drying the viscometer.

[0051] (1) Draining waste liquid: The ventilation solenoid valve is closed, the drain solenoid valve is opened and the negative pressure pump is started, so that negative pressure is generated in the waste liquid container, waste liquid cup and capillary tube. The waste liquid remaining in the viscometer body is sucked into the waste liquid cup and then enters the waste liquid container through the pipeline;

[0052] (2) Flushing the viscometer: The cleaning liquid delivery pump is started to allow the cleaning liquid to pass through the cleaning conduit to flush the expansion part. The cleaning liquid can be allowed to stay for a while in the inlet, expansion part and capillary to allow the sample to be fully dissolved by the cleaning liquid;

[0053] (3) Drying the viscometer: Keep the drain solenoid valve and negative pressure pump open to allow air to enter the viscometer body and take away the residual cleaning liquid.

[0054] Depending on the difficulty of cleaning the sample, the actions of draining the waste liquid and flushing the viscometer can be performed alternately multiple times to clean the viscometer.

[0055] The temperature control of the constant temperature liquid, the control of the stirring rate, the signal acquisition of the sample liquid level, the calculation of the test results, the cleaning and drying of the viscometer, etc. can be automated through the control of controllers such as PC, single chip microcomputer or PLC program.

[0056] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only applicable to help understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil, characterized in that: The viscometer comprises a viscometer body (1), a thermostatic bath (2) and a cleaning device. The viscometer body comprises an injection port (14), an expansion portion (15) and a capillary (16) which are connected in sequence from top to bottom. An upper liquid bubble (18) and a lower liquid bubble (19) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the capillary. An upper scale line (20) is arranged above the upper liquid bubble. A middle scale line (21) is arranged between the upper and lower liquid bubbles. A lower scale line (22) is arranged below the lower liquid bubble. Upper detectors (4) are arranged at the upper scale line, the middle scale line and the lower scale line, respectively. , a middle detector (5) and a lower detector (6), a constant temperature liquid (3) is arranged in the constant temperature tank, the viscometer body is placed in the constant temperature tank and the bottom of the viscometer body passes through the bottom of the constant temperature tank, and the penetration of the viscometer body and the constant temperature tank is sealed by a sealing member, the top of the viscometer body is higher than the liquid level of the constant temperature liquid and the expansion part is below the liquid level of the constant temperature liquid, a cleaning conduit (17) is connected to the viscometer body and located above the capillary, and the cleaning liquid of the cleaning device flows into the cleaning conduit and then flows out from the bottom of the capillary for cleaning.

2. The capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning device comprises a cleaning liquid container (12), a cleaning liquid delivery pump (13), a waste liquid cup (7), a waste liquid container (10) and a negative pressure pump (11) arranged outside the waste liquid container, the cleaning conduit is connected to the cleaning liquid container via a first connecting pipe, and the first connecting pipe extends into the bottom of the cleaning liquid container, the cleaning liquid container is provided with cleaning liquid, the cleaning liquid delivery pump is arranged on the first connecting pipe above the cleaning liquid container, the bottom of the capillary extends into the waste liquid cup, the side wall and the bottom of the waste liquid cup are respectively connected to a second connecting pipe and a third connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe is connected to a ventilation solenoid valve (8), the end of the third connecting pipe away from the waste liquid cup extends into the waste liquid container, and the third connecting pipe is provided with a discharge solenoid valve (9), the negative pressure pump is connected to the waste liquid container via a fourth connecting pipe, and the end of the fourth connecting pipe away from the negative pressure pump extends into the waste liquid container.

3. The capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion portion is 1 to 5 cm below the level of the constant temperature liquid.

4. The capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion portion is in the shape of a flat bulb.

5. The capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the expansion portion is much larger than the diameter of the capillary tube.

6. The capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diameter of the expansion part is 30 mm to 40 mm.

7. The capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constant temperature bath, the upper detector, the middle detector, the lower detector and the cleaning device are all electrically connected to the controller.

8. The capillary viscometer for measuring the viscosity of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper vacuole and the lower vacuole are both located in the lower part of the capillary.

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