An adaptive vertical jujube kernel breaking machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of self-adaptive jujube kernel vertical type shell breaking machine, including vertical rack, wherein, the top of vertical rack is provided with motor, the output shaft of motor is set down and is connected with the rotating shaft that is longitudinally arranged in vertical rack;The inside of vertical rack is provided with the material guiding mechanism that surrounds rotating shaft and the shell breaking mechanism located below material guiding mechanism and communicated with material guiding mechanism;Material guiding mechanism is fixedly arranged in vertical rack and is rotatably assembled with rotating shaft;Shell breaking mechanism includes upper mill disc that is horizontally fixedly arranged in vertical rack and lower mill disc that is located below upper mill disc and can be longitudinally slidably assembled with rotating shaft and rotates with rotating shaft;The bottom of lower mill disc is provided with elastic support mechanism, which is sleeved on rotating shaft and can elastically float along axial direction;The bottom of elastic support mechanism is connected with gap adjusting mechanism.The utility model can realize single equipment to efficiently process mixed size jujube kernel, significantly reduce jujube kernel breakage rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of jujube shelling equipment, specifically to an adaptive vertical jujube pit shelling machine. Background Technology

[0002] Sour jujube kernels have high medicinal and edible value, and their extraction requires cracking the hard jujube pits. Currently, the sour jujube processing industry mostly uses horizontal cracking equipment modified from old-fashioned flour mills. This type of traditional equipment has significant drawbacks: its grinding disc gap is fixed, requiring multiple machines with different gaps to accommodate jujube pits of varying sizes, and pre-grading of the pits by size using large-scale grading equipment. This "grading screen + multi-machine linkage" model results in a huge footprint for the entire system, high initial investment and operating costs, and is uneconomical for small-batch processing. Furthermore, adjusting the grinding disc gap relies entirely on the operator's experience; repeated trial and error easily leads to incomplete cracking or excessive kernel breakage, affecting product quality and efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a compact, adaptable, easy-to-operate, and flexible cracking device suitable for jujube pits of different sizes. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an adaptive vertical jujube pit shelling machine, so that a single machine can efficiently process jujube pits of mixed sizes, significantly reduce the jujube kernel breakage rate, and at the same time have the advantages of compact structure, simple operation and economical small batch processing.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows.

[0005] An adaptive vertical jujube pit shelling machine includes a vertical frame. A motor is mounted on the top of the frame, with its output shaft facing downwards and connected to a rotating shaft longitudinally positioned within the frame. Inside the frame are a guiding mechanism surrounding the rotating shaft and a shelling mechanism located below and communicating with the guiding mechanism. The guiding mechanism is fixedly mounted within the frame and rotatably assembled with the rotating shaft. The shelling mechanism includes an upper grinding disc horizontally fixed within the frame and a lower grinding disc located below the upper grinding disc and slidably mounted longitudinally with the rotating shaft, rotating with it. The bottom of the lower grinding disc is fitted with an elastic support mechanism that is sleeved on the rotating shaft and can elastically float axially to provide elastic support. The bottom of the elastic support mechanism is connected to a gap adjustment mechanism for raising and lowering the elastic support mechanism to preset a reference working gap between the lower and upper grinding discs.

[0006] Preferably, the elastic support mechanism includes a telescopic sleeve sleeved on the rotating shaft and connected between the lower grinding disc and the gap adjustment mechanism, wherein longitudinally arranged springs are uniformly arranged inside the telescopic sleeve.

[0007] Preferably, the gap adjustment mechanism includes a lifting sleeve sleeved on the rotating shaft and connected at the top to an elastic support mechanism, and a linear slide table disposed in a vertical frame and capable of vertical lifting; the slider of the linear slide table is provided with a connecting seat facing the lifting sleeve, and two parallel adjusting rods are connected between the connecting seat and the lifting sleeve, and a support is provided between the connecting seat and the lifting sleeve and located between the two adjusting rods; the top of the support is horizontally provided with a support through hole perpendicular to the adjusting rod, and a connecting rod with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the support through hole passes through the support through hole, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively fixedly connected to the adjusting rod on the same side; the two ends of the adjusting rod are respectively provided with an oblong hole along the length direction of the adjusting rod, and the connecting seat and the lifting sleeve are respectively provided with pins that pass through the corresponding oblong holes.

[0008] Preferably, the motor is equipped with a speed sensor, and the shell-breaking machine also includes a PLC controller. The input terminal of the PLC controller is connected to the output terminal of the speed sensor, and the output terminal of the PLC controller is respectively connected to the controlled terminals of the motor and the linear slide. The PLC controller is also electrically connected to a display screen for realizing human-machine interaction.

[0009] Preferably, the vertical frame is internally fixedly provided with an outer frame that surrounds the shell-breaking mechanism, the elastic support mechanism and the lifting sleeve. The sides of the outer frame are covered with a cover cylinder, and the cover cylinder is provided with a clearance groove for the clearance adjustment rod. The bottom of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer frame.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the outer frame is horizontally provided with an annular top plate; the material guiding mechanism includes a material guiding trough inclinedly arranged in the vertical frame, the bottom of the material guiding trough being connected to a material dropping cover fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the annular top plate and surrounding the rotating shaft and rotatably assembled with the rotating shaft; the upper grinding disc is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the annular top plate, and the upper grinding disc is annular and connected to the material dropping cover.

[0011] Preferably, the rotating shaft has several longitudinally formed grooves with arc-shaped cross-sections along its circumference. The lower grinding disc is annular, and a ball bearing is rotatably disposed on its inner side opposite to the groove, with each ball bearing located on the same horizontal plane. The upper and lower grinding discs have spiral wear-resistant textures on their opposite surfaces.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the vertical frame is inclined downward and has a discharge chute located below the rotating shaft; the top of the vertical frame and the four sides above the discharge chute are respectively covered with sealing plates, and the top sealing plate has a feed port communicating with the material guiding mechanism; the motor is installed on the top sealing plate.

[0013] The technological advancements achieved by this utility model are as follows, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions.

[0014] This invention boasts excellent adaptability and a low breakage rate: the elastic support mechanism allows the lower grinding disc to adaptively shift according to the size of the jujube pit, achieving "flexible shell breaking." When encountering larger pits, the grinding pressure increases, compressing the spring and instantly widening the gap; when encountering smaller pits, the spring preload ensures effective grinding. A single unit can automatically compensate for individual pit size differences, fundamentally replacing the complex traditional method of "grading sieve + multiple fixed-gap shell breaking machines."

[0015] This utility model boasts a compact structure and high cost-effectiveness: its vertical layout significantly reduces the floor space required. The entire set of equipment is compact in structure, eliminating the need for large-scale grading equipment and multiple shell-breaking machines, thus greatly reducing total equipment investment, factory costs, and energy consumption. It solves the pain points of traditional systems being bulky, cumbersome, and uneconomical for small-scale processing.

[0016] This invention is simple to operate and highly automated: the gap adjustment mechanism, through the linear slide and lever principle, can achieve precise control of the reference working gap, reducing reliance on operator experience. An optional PLC controller enables intelligent monitoring and automatic adjustment, further improving the ease of use and stability of the equipment.

[0017] This invention boasts high shell-breaking efficiency and superior product quality: the spiral wear-resistant texture on the opposing surfaces of the upper and lower grinding discs enhances the grinding effect and improves shell-breaking efficiency. The adaptive shell-breaking mechanism ensures thorough shell breaking of the jujube pits while minimizing kernel breakage, thus improving product quality and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model without the front and rear sealing plates; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model without the cover sleeve; Figure 4 For the present utility model Figure 3 Another perspective structural diagram; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gap adjustment mechanism of this utility model.

[0019] The components are: 1. Vertical frame, 2. Motor, 3. Rotating shaft, 4. Shell breaking mechanism, 41. Upper grinding disc, 42. Lower grinding disc, 5. Elastic support mechanism, 51. Telescopic sleeve, 6. Gap adjustment mechanism, 61. Linear slide, 62. Connecting seat, 63. Support, 631. Support through hole, 632. Connecting rod, 64. Adjusting rod, 641. Waist-shaped hole, 65. Lifting sleeve, 66. Pin, 7. Material guiding mechanism, 71. Material guiding trough, 72. Material dropping cover, 8. Discharge trough, 9. Annular top plate, 10. Outer frame, 11. Cover cylinder, 111. Circumvention groove, 12. Sealing plate, 13. Feed inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] An adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher, combined with Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it includes a vertical frame 1, a motor 2, a rotating shaft 3, a shell-breaking mechanism 4, an elastic support mechanism 5, a gap adjustment mechanism 6, a material guiding mechanism 7, and a discharge chute 8.

[0022] The vertical frame 1 serves as the supporting structure for the entire equipment, constructed from robust welded steel to ensure stability during operation. The motor 2 is mounted on top of the vertical frame 1, with its output shaft facing downwards and connected to the rotating shaft 3 via a coupling. The rotating shaft 3 is longitudinally positioned inside the vertical frame 1 and rotates under the drive of the motor 2.

[0023] The material guiding mechanism 7 and the shell-breaking mechanism 4 are located inside the vertical frame 1. The material guiding mechanism 7 and the shell-breaking mechanism 4 respectively surround the rotating shaft 3. The shell-breaking mechanism 4 is located below the material guiding mechanism 7 and communicates with it. The material guiding mechanism 7 is fixedly installed in the vertical frame 1 and rotatably assembled with the rotating shaft 3. The shell-breaking mechanism 4 includes an upper grinding disc 41 and a lower grinding disc 42. The upper grinding disc 41 is horizontally fixed in the vertical frame 1; the lower grinding disc 42 is located below the upper grinding disc 41 and is longitudinally slidably assembled with the rotating shaft 3 and rotates with the rotating shaft 3. An elastic support mechanism 5 is located at the bottom of the lower grinding disc 42. The elastic support mechanism 5 can elastically float along the axial direction, thereby providing elastic support for the lower grinding disc 42. Simultaneously, the elastic support mechanism 5 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 3. A gap adjustment mechanism 6 is connected to the bottom of the elastic support mechanism 5. The gap adjustment mechanism 6 is used to raise and lower the elastic support mechanism 5, thereby preseting the reference working gap between the lower grinding disc 42 and the upper grinding disc 41.

[0024] The rotating shaft 3 has several grooves circumferentially formed, which are longitudinally formed and have an arc-shaped cross-section. The lower grinding disc 42 is annular, and a ball bearing is rotatably mounted on its inner side opposite to each groove. The ball bearings are embedded in the corresponding grooves, and all the ball bearings are located on the same horizontal plane, thus enabling the lower grinding disc 42 and the rotating shaft 3 to slide longitudinally. At the same time, the opposing surfaces of the upper grinding disc 41 and the lower grinding disc 42 are provided with wear-resistant textures. The wear-resistant textures are spiral in shape and have a texture depth of 0.2 to 0.5 mm, which can improve the adhesion and crushing efficiency of jujube pits. Both the upper grinding disc 41 and the lower grinding disc 42 are made of high manganese steel, which has undergone carburizing and quenching treatment, with a surface hardness of 56 to 62 HRC, a carburized layer depth of 0.3 to 0.8 mm, and a core hardness of 28 to 33 HRC, resulting in a long service life.

[0025] The elastic support mechanism 5 includes a telescopic sleeve 51, which is sleeved on the rotating shaft 3. The top of the telescopic sleeve 51 is rotatably fitted to the lower surface of the lower grinding disc 42, and the bottom of the telescopic sleeve 51 is fixedly connected to the gap adjustment mechanism 6. Springs are evenly arranged inside the telescopic sleeve 51, with the springs arranged longitudinally and their two ends fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the telescopic sleeve 51, respectively. The telescopic sleeve 51 provides an upward elastic support force to the lower grinding disc 42 through the springs, realizing an adaptive floating function.

[0026] like Figure 5As shown, the gap adjustment mechanism 6 includes a lifting sleeve 65 and a linear slide 61. The lifting sleeve 65 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 3 and its top is fixedly connected to the bottom of the telescopic sleeve 51 of the elastic support mechanism 5. The linear slide 61 is set in the vertical frame 1 and can be raised and lowered longitudinally. Its specific structure is existing technology and will not be limited or described here. A connecting seat 62 is provided on the slider of the linear slide 61. The connecting seat 62 faces the lifting sleeve 65, and two parallel adjusting rods 64 are connected between the connecting seat 62 and the lifting sleeve 65. A support 63 is provided between the connecting seat 62 and the lifting sleeve 65, and the support 63 is located between the two adjusting rods 64. A support through hole 631 is horizontally opened at the top of the support 63. The support through hole 631 is perpendicular to the adjusting rods 64, and a connecting rod 632 passes through the support through hole 631. The diameter of the connecting rod 632 is smaller than the diameter of the support through hole 631. At the same time, both ends of the connecting rod 632 are fixedly connected to the adjusting rods 64 on the same side. The adjusting rod 64 has oblong holes 641 at both ends, which are set along the length of the adjusting rod 64. Pins 66 are respectively provided on the connecting seat 62 and the lifting sleeve 65, and the pins 66 pass through the corresponding oblong holes 641. In use, the linear slide 61 drives the adjusting rod 64 to swing up and down around the support 63, thereby driving the lifting sleeve 65 to move vertically, thus adjusting the reference working gap between the lower grinding disc 42 and the upper grinding disc 41. Simultaneously, the oblong holes 641 and the support through holes 631 create a floating connection for the adjusting rod 64, effectively compensating for installation errors and misalignment during movement. Furthermore, when the reference working gap adjustment range is 0.5–5 mm, it is suitable for jujube pits with a diameter of 4–12 mm.

[0027] An outer frame 10 is fixedly installed inside the vertical frame 1. The outer frame 10 surrounds the shell-breaking mechanism 4, the elastic support mechanism 5, and the lifting sleeve 65. A cover cylinder 11 is circumferentially covered on the side of the outer frame 10. The cover cylinder 11 has a clearance groove 111 for the adjustment rod 64, providing movement space for the adjustment rod 64. The bottom of the rotating shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer frame 10 through a bearing.

[0028] The top of the outer frame 10 is provided with an annular top plate 9, which is horizontally positioned. The material guiding mechanism 7 includes a material guiding trough 71 inclinedly disposed in the vertical frame 1. The bottom of the material guiding trough 71 is connected to a material dropping cover 72. The material dropping cover 72 is fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the annular top plate 9 and surrounds the rotating shaft 3 and is rotatably assembled with the rotating shaft 3. The upper grinding disc 41 is fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the annular top plate 9, and the upper grinding disc 41 is annular and communicates with the material dropping cover 72.

[0029] The bottom of the vertical frame 1 is inclined downwards and has a discharge chute 8, which is located below the outer frame 10. The discharge chute 8 is used to collect and discharge the material after shelling. The top of the vertical frame 1 and the four sides above the discharge chute 8 are covered with sealing plates 12. The inner wall of the sealing plates 12 is lined with sound insulation cotton to reduce dust pollution and noise during equipment operation. The top sealing plate 12 has a feed inlet 13, which is connected to the material guiding mechanism 7.

[0030] Motor 2 is mounted on the top sealing plate 12, and a speed sensor is installed on motor 2. The shell-breaking machine also includes a PLC controller. The input terminal of the PLC controller is connected to the output terminal of the speed sensor, and the output terminal of the PLC controller is connected to the controlled terminals of motor 2 and linear slide 61, respectively. The PLC controller is also electrically connected to a display screen for human-machine interaction. During use, the speed sensor monitors the speed of motor 2 in real time, and the PLC controller controls motor 2 according to the speed signal. When the speed sensor detects an abnormal speed (below 80% of the rated speed), it automatically controls the motor to stop and issues an alarm signal through the display screen. At the same time, the operator can set the reference working gap through the display screen, and the PLC controller controls the linear slide 61 to complete the reference working gap adjustment according to the set PLC controller.

[0031] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: (1) Gap preset: The operator presets a suitable reference working gap according to the average size of the jujube pits to be processed through the gap adjustment mechanism 6. The linear slide 61 is started, so that the pre-compression of the spring is changed through the connecting seat 62, the adjusting rod 64 and the lifting sleeve 65, thereby setting the initial distance between the upper grinding plate 41 and the lower grinding plate 42.

[0032] (2) Feeding and shell breaking: Start the motor 2 and drive the rotating shaft 3 to rotate the lower grinding disc 42. Feed the mixed-size jujube pits into the feed port 13 and feed them evenly into the shell breaking chamber between the upper grinding disc 41 and the lower grinding disc 42 through the guide trough 71 and the discharge cover 72.

[0033] (3) Adaptive shell-breaking process: After the jujube pit enters the shell-breaking chamber, it is subjected to the grinding action between the rotating lower grinding disc 42 and the fixed upper grinding disc 41: When encountering large jujube pits: When large jujube pits pass between the grinding discs, the grinding resistance increases, overcoming the preload of the spring and pushing the lower grinding disc 42 downward, instantly increasing the working gap and preventing excessive compression that could cause the kernel to break.

[0034] When encountering small jujube pits: When small jujube pits pass through, the preload of the spring ensures that the lower grinding disc 42 returns to its upward position, maintaining an effective grinding gap and ensuring a high shell breaking rate.

[0035] (4) Discharge: The mixture after shelling (jujube kernels and broken shells) is discharged from the periphery of the grinding disc under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, and falls into the discharge trough 8 below, and is finally collected.

[0036] (5) Intelligent monitoring (optional function): The speed of motor 2 is monitored in real time by a speed sensor. If the speed drops abnormally (e.g., below 80% of the rated speed) due to excessive feeding or foreign object jamming, the PLC controller can automatically alarm and shut down the machine in an emergency, realizing intelligent protection.

Claims

1. An adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher, comprising a vertical frame (1), characterized in that: A motor (2) is installed at the top of the vertical frame (1). The output shaft of the motor (2) is positioned downwards and connected to a rotating shaft (3) longitudinally arranged inside the vertical frame (1). Inside the vertical frame (1) are a material guiding mechanism (7) that surrounds the rotating shaft (3) and a shell-breaking mechanism (4) located below the material guiding mechanism (7) and communicating with the material guiding mechanism (7). The material guiding mechanism (7) is fixedly installed in the vertical frame (1) and rotatably assembled with the rotating shaft (3). The shell-breaking mechanism (4) includes a horizontally fixed component in the vertical frame (1). The upper grinding disc (41) and the lower grinding disc (42) located below the upper grinding disc (41) and longitudinally slidably mounted with the rotating shaft (3) and rotating with the rotating shaft (3); the bottom of the lower grinding disc (42) is provided with an elastic support mechanism (5) sleeved on the rotating shaft (3) and capable of elastically floating along the axial direction to provide elastic support for the lower grinding disc (42); the bottom of the elastic support mechanism (5) is connected to a gap adjustment mechanism (6) for raising and lowering the elastic support mechanism (5) to preset the reference working gap between the lower grinding disc (42) and the upper grinding disc (41).

2. The adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic support mechanism (5) includes a telescopic sleeve (51) sleeved on the rotating shaft (3) and connected between the lower grinding disc (42) and the gap adjustment mechanism (6). The telescopic sleeve (51) is uniformly provided with longitudinally arranged springs inside.

3. The adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap adjustment mechanism (6) includes a lifting sleeve (65) sleeved on the rotating shaft (3) and connected at the top to the elastic support mechanism (5), and a linear slide (61) arranged in the vertical frame (1) and capable of vertical lifting; the slider of the linear slide (61) is provided with a connecting seat (62) facing the lifting sleeve (65), and two parallel adjusting rods (64) are connected between the connecting seat (62) and the lifting sleeve (65), and a support (63) located between the two adjusting rods (64) is provided between the connecting seat (62) and the lifting sleeve (65). The support (63) has a support through hole (631) perpendicular to the adjusting rod (64) at the top horizontally. A connecting rod (632) with a diameter smaller than that of the support through hole (631) passes through the support through hole (631). The two ends of the connecting rod (632) are fixedly connected to the adjusting rod (64) on the same side. The two ends of the adjusting rod (64) have waist-shaped holes (641) arranged along the length of the adjusting rod (64). The connecting seat (62) and the lifting sleeve (65) are respectively provided with pins (66) that pass through the corresponding waist-shaped holes (641).

4. The adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that: The motor (2) is equipped with a speed sensor. The shell-breaking machine also includes a PLC controller. The input terminal of the PLC controller is connected to the output terminal of the speed sensor. The output terminal of the PLC controller is connected to the controlled terminals of the motor (2) and the linear slide (61) respectively. The PLC controller is also electrically connected to a display screen for realizing human-machine interaction.

5. The adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical frame (1) is internally fixed with an outer frame (10) that surrounds the shell breaking mechanism (4), the elastic support mechanism (5) and the lifting sleeve (65). The side of the outer frame (10) is covered with a cover (11) along the circumference. The cover (11) has a clearance groove (111) for the clearance adjustment rod (64). The bottom of the rotating shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the outer frame (10).

6. The adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the outer frame (10) is horizontally provided with an annular top plate (9); the material guiding mechanism (7) includes a material guiding groove (71) inclinedly provided in the vertical frame (1), and the bottom of the material guiding groove (71) is connected to a material dropping cover (72) fixedly provided on the upper surface of the annular top plate (9) and surrounding the rotating shaft (3) and rotatingly assembled with the rotating shaft (3); the upper grinding disc (41) is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the annular top plate (9), and the upper grinding disc (41) is annular and connected to the material dropping cover (72).

7. The adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (3) has several longitudinally opened grooves with arc-shaped cross-sections along the circumference. The lower grinding disc (42) is annular and has a ball embedded in the corresponding groove on its inner side opposite to the groove. All the balls are located on the same horizontal plane. The upper grinding disc (41) and the lower grinding disc (42) have spiral wear-resistant textures on their opposite surfaces.

8. The adaptive vertical jujube pit shell crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the vertical frame (1) is inclined downward and has a discharge trough (8) located below the rotating shaft (3); the top of the vertical frame (1) and the four sides above the discharge trough (8) are respectively covered with sealing plates (12), and the sealing plate (12) at the top is provided with a feed port (13) communicating with the material guiding mechanism (7); the motor (2) is set on the sealing plate (12) at the top.

Images