A granular bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a granular bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system, which comprises at least one granular bed filter, a dusty gas main pipe for feeding dusty and oily gas into the granular bed filter, a clean gas main pipe for conveying high-temperature clean oily gas filtered by the granular bed filter, and a back-blowing gas main pipe for providing back-blowing gas required for fluidized cleaning to the granular bed filter. The granular bed dust removal system is equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system composed of a temperature regulating and tempering chamber for quickly modulating preheating gas, displacement gas and cooling gas according to different needs of preheating, displacement and cooling, and a preheating displacement cooling gas pipe for feeding the preheating gas, displacement gas or cooling gas modulated in the temperature regulating and tempering chamber into the dusty gas main pipe. The advantage is that the preheating displacement cooling system can be configured to quickly modulate preheating gas, displacement gas and cooling gas, thereby ensuring that there is no oil accumulation and explosion during startup or shutdown, and startup and shutdown are safe and fast.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a gas purification technology, in particular to a particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system. Background Art

[0002] The invention patent "Granular bed gas purification device and method thereof" (Announcement No. CN1305550C, Patent No. ZL200410084485.3) announced by China discloses a granular bed gas purification device and method thereof, comprising a housing, a blower disposed in the housing, and a granular bed located above the blower, characterized in that the granular bed is composed of at least two layers of filter material, the particle size of each layer of filter material decreases layer by layer from top to bottom, and the particle density of each layer of filter material increases from top to bottom. The density of the filter material particles in the upper layer is smaller than the density of the bed formed when the adjacent lower layer of filter material is normally fluidized. At the same time, the filter materials in each layer have a common gas velocity range of normal fluidization and do not mix with each other. The advantage is that when the device is used for dust removal, the upper layers of filter material are subjected to coarse dust removal, and the bottom layer of filter material is subjected to fine dust removal, that is, coarse and fine filtration are integrated. When back-blowing for cleaning, the filter materials in each layer are normally fluidized and do not mix with each other. Therefore, the device can not only increase the dust holding capacity of the bed, but also improve the filtration efficiency, and the cleaning is simple.

[0003] Years of engineering implementation have shown that the above-mentioned device has unique advantages in the field of high-temperature gas dust removal. However, when using this device for high-temperature dust removal of tar-containing gas, there are the following problems: 1) When the device is started in a cold state, the tar-containing gas is prone to oil formation in the device; 2) Although preheating with an additional preheating gas device can prevent the tar-containing gas from oiling in the device, the device is prone to explosion because it produces oxygen-containing preheating gas after preheating; 3) When the device needs to be shut down for some reason during operation, the tar-containing gas needs to be replaced in time, and additional measures need to be taken to cool the device. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a granular bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating, displacement and cooling system. By configuring the preheating, displacement and cooling system, the preheating gas, displacement gas and cooling gas can be quickly modulated according to the different needs of preheating, displacement and cooling, thereby ensuring that the granular bed dust removal system does not accumulate oil or explode during the startup or shutdown process, and the startup and shutdown are safe and fast.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a granular bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating replacement cooling system, comprising at least one granular bed filter, a dusty gas main pipe for feeding dusty and oily gas into the granular bed filter, a clean gas main pipe for conveying high-temperature clean oily gas filtered by the granular bed filter, and a back-blowing gas main pipe for providing back-blowing gas required for fluidized cleaning to the granular bed filter, characterized in that: the granular bed dust removal system is equipped with a preheating replacement cooling system, the preheating replacement cooling system consists of a temperature regulating and tempering chamber for quickly modulating preheating gas, replacement gas, and cooling gas according to different needs of preheating, replacement, and cooling, and a preheating replacement cooling air pipe for feeding the preheating gas, replacement gas or cooling gas modulated by the temperature regulating and tempering chamber into the dusty gas main pipe.

[0006] The temperature adjustment and tempering chamber is a gas mixing chamber, and is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet for delivering high-temperature flue gas from a combustion chamber into the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber, a steam inlet for delivering steam from a steam generator into the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber, an air inlet for introducing air, and a mixed gas outlet for outputting preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas. The mixed gas outlet of the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber is connected with the air inlet of the preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe, and the air outlet of the preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe is connected with the dust-containing gas main pipe; wherein the preheating gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and air, the replacement gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and steam, the cooling gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and steam or is air, the content of high-temperature flue gas in the cooling gas is less than the content of high-temperature flue gas in the replacement gas, and the content of steam in the cooling gas is greater than the content of steam in the replacement gas. Here, according to the different needs of preheating, replacement and cooling, the mixed gas of different properties and temperatures is modulated, such as by adjusting the intake amount of high-temperature flue gas and the intake amount of air from the combustion chamber, and adjusting the temperature of the mixed gas, the mixed gas at this time is the preheating gas; for another example, by adjusting the intake amount of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber and the intake amount of steam from the steam generator, and adjusting the temperature and oxygen concentration of the mixed gas, the mixed gas at this time is the replacement gas (low oxygen); for another example, reducing the intake amount of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber and increasing the intake amount of steam from the steam generator, and making the temperature of the mixed gas lower than 350°C, and keeping the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas lower than the set value, the mixed gas at this time is the cooling gas; in the later stage of cooling (when the temperature of the particle bed filter is lower than 200°C), only air needs to be introduced, the high-temperature flue gas inlet and the steam inlet are closed, and cold air is used directly for cooling, and the cold air is the cooling gas at this time.

[0007] The temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber is an evaporation mixing chamber, and the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet for delivering the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber into the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber, an air inlet for introducing air, and a mixed gas outlet for outputting preheating gas, replacement gas or cooling gas. The mixed gas outlet of the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber is connected with the air inlet of the preheating replacement cooling air pipe, and the air outlet of the preheating replacement cooling air pipe is connected with the dust-containing coal gas main pipe. A water atomizing nozzle is arranged in the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber, and the water mist generated by the water atomizing nozzle exchanges heat and mass with the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber and evaporates into water vapor; wherein the preheating gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and air, the replacement gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and water vapor, the cooling gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and water vapor or air, the content of high-temperature flue gas in the cooling gas is less than the content of high-temperature flue gas in the replacement gas, and the content of water vapor in the cooling gas is greater than the content of water vapor in the replacement gas. Here, when there is no steam available on site, the temperature-control and conditioning chamber is changed from a gas mixing chamber to an evaporation mixing chamber, and a water atomization nozzle is added; according to the different needs of preheating, replacement, and cooling, the mixed gases of different properties and temperatures are modulated, such as by adjusting the intake volume of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber and the intake volume of air, and adjusting the temperature of the mixed gas, the mixed gas at this time is the preheated gas; for example, by adjusting the intake volume of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber and the amount of steam produced by evaporation of water mist in the temperature-control and conditioning chamber, and adjusting the temperature and Oxygen concentration, the mixed gas at this time is the replacement gas (low oxygen); for example, reduce the air intake of the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber and increase the amount of steam produced by the evaporation of water mist in the temperature and tempering chamber, and make the temperature of the mixed gas lower than 350°C, and keep the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas lower than the set value, the mixed gas at this time is the cooling gas; in the later stage of cooling (when the temperature of the particle bed filter is lower than 200°C), only need to let in air, close the high-temperature flue gas inlet and the water atomization nozzle, and directly use cold air for cooling, at this time the cold air is the cooling gas.

[0008] The preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe is connected to a vent pipe for discharging the mixed gas that does not meet the requirements output from the mixed gas outlet. Here, when the temperature or oxygen concentration of the mixed gas conditioned by the temperature conditioning chamber does not meet the requirements, it is discharged through the vent pipe instead of being sent to the particle bed filter to ensure safety.

[0009] The combustion chamber is a gas combustion chamber or an oil combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber or the oil combustion chamber is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the temperature-adjusting and tempering chamber; or the combustion chamber is a solid fuel combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the solid fuel combustion chamber is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the temperature-adjusting and tempering chamber, and the preheating replacement cooling air pipe is connected in series with a first cyclone dust collector for removing coarse dust generated when the solid fuel is burned in the solid fuel combustion chamber to prevent it from entering the dusty gas main pipe. Here, the gas combustion chamber or the oil combustion chamber has the advantages of fast start and stop and flexible adjustment, so it can be used first; in order to save fuel costs, a solid fuel combustion chamber can also be used. At this time, in order to prevent coarse dust from being deposited in the dusty gas main pipe, a first cyclone dust collector can be connected in series with the preheating replacement cooling air pipe to remove the coarse dust.

[0010] The granular bed dust removal system is also equipped with a back-blowing air blower, the air inlet of the back-blowing air blower is connected to the clean gas main pipe, the air outlet of the back-blowing air blower is connected to the inlet of the back-blowing air main pipe, the back-blowing air blower extracts high-temperature clean oil-containing gas from the clean gas main pipe as back-blowing gas, and the back-blowing air blower provides the back-blowing gas required for fluidized dust cleaning to the granular bed filter through the back-blowing air main pipe. Here, by adding a back-blowing air blower, the back-blowing air blower is used to directly extract high-temperature clean oil-containing gas from the clean gas main pipe as back-blowing gas, which can save the back-blowing air heater and heating energy consumption required when the low-temperature clean gas of the gas cabinet is used as back-blowing gas, thereby reducing costs.

[0011] The top or upper part of the granular bed filter is provided with a dusty gas inlet connecting the dusty gas main pipe and the inner cavity of the granular bed filter, the bottom of the granular bed filter is provided with a conical ash hopper connected with the inner cavity of the granular bed filter, at least one granular layer filter bed is provided in the inner cavity of the granular bed filter, when a plurality of granular layer filter beds are provided in the inner cavity of the granular bed filter, the plurality of granular layer filter beds are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the granular layer filter bed has a dusty gas inlet, the granular layer filter bed is connected to a ventilation pipe extending out of the granular bed filter, and the outer ends of the ventilation pipe are respectively connected to a clean gas branch pipe and A back-blowing air branch pipe is connected in series with a back-blowing air valve, and the other end of the clean gas branch pipe is connected to the clean gas main pipe. The other end of the back-blowing air branch pipe is connected to the back-blowing air main pipe. When the granular layer filter bed filters the dusty and oily gas, the high-temperature clean oily gas filtered by the granular layer filter bed is output through the ventilation pipe and collected in the clean gas main pipe. When the granular layer filter bed is fluidized for cleaning, the back-blowing air main pipe provides back-blowing air to each granular layer filter bed through the ventilation pipe. A settling chamber is arranged around or on one side of the whole formed by all the granular layer filter beds, which is connected to the dusty gas inlet on the top, the conical ash hopper on the bottom, and the dusty gas inlet in the middle.

[0012] The upper part of the conical ash hopper is connected with a dusty gas circulation pipe, which is connected in series with the second cyclone dust collector, the circulation fan and the circulation valve and then connected with the dusty gas main pipe. Here, the circulation fan extracts part of the high-temperature dusty and oily gas from the conical ash hopper, sends it to the dusty gas main pipe after passing through the second cyclone dust collector, and then returns to the conical ash hopper through the settling chamber to form a cycle, which accelerates the dust settling and dust discharge in the settling chamber, eliminates the adverse effect of the upward backflow of the back-blowing gas during the back-blowing cleaning of the bottom particle layer filter bed on the dust settling, and reduces the upper and lower temperature difference of the particle bed filter.

[0013] The bottom of the conical ash hopper is connected to a powder discharge pipe for discharging dust, and the powder discharge pipe is connected to an exhaust pipe for discharging preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas discharged from the particle bed filter. The exhaust pipe is connected to the clean gas main through a series exhaust valve, or the exhaust pipe is connected to an external exhaust draft fan through a series exhaust valve. Here, when the outlet of the clean gas main is connected to independent gas subsequent treatment equipment and gas induced draft fans, it is preferred to use an exhaust pipe connected in series with the exhaust valve and then connected to the clean gas main, so that the preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas discharged from the granular bed filter through the clean gas main and the exhaust pipe are all led away by the gas induced draft fan, without the need for additional pipelines and exhaust induced draft fans; and when multiple granular bed dust removal systems are connected in parallel to share the gas subsequent treatment equipment and gas induced draft fans, additional pipelines and exhaust induced draft fans should be set up, so that the preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas discharged from the granular bed filter through the clean gas main and the exhaust pipe are all led away by the exhaust induced draft fan, without affecting the normal filtration work of other granular bed dust removal systems that are connected in parallel to share the gas subsequent treatment equipment and gas induced draft fans.

[0014] The back-blowing fan, the back-blowing main pipe, the back-blowing valve, the back-blowing branch pipe, the clean gas main pipe, the clean gas valve, the clean gas branch pipe, the conical ash hopper, the dusty gas circulation pipe, the second cyclone dust collector, the circulating fan, the circulating valve, and the dusty gas main pipe are all provided with heating elements on their outer surfaces, and the heating elements are wrapped with a thermal insulation layer; the heating elements are high-temperature electric heating cables or armored heating cables or crawler-type ceramic electric heaters or rope-type ceramic electric heaters, and the thermal insulation layer includes an aluminum silicate needle-punched blanket, an aerogel insulation felt, a high-temperature glass wool layer and an outer protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, or includes an aluminum silicate needle-punched blanket, an aerogel insulation felt and an outer protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, or includes an aerogel insulation felt and an outer protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. Here, since the back-blowing air branch pipe will cause intermittent rotation ventilation due to the rotation back-blowing cleaning of the particle layer filter bed, it is particularly important and necessary to arrange heating elements on the outer surfaces of the back-blowing air fan, the back-blowing air main pipe, the back-blowing air valve, and the back-blowing air branch pipe to prevent the back-blowing air branch pipe from cooling down due to intermittent rotation ventilation. In addition, arranging heating elements and thermal insulation layers on the outer surfaces of these components can compensate for heat dissipation, effectively preventing the tar precipitation caused by the cooling of the high-temperature clean oil-containing gas, and eliminating the hidden danger of oil formation due to cooling; on the clean gas main pipe, the clean gas valve, and the clean gas branch pipe, the back-blowing air fan, the back-blowing air main pipe, the back-blowing air valve, and the back-blowing air branch pipe, the back-blowing air branch pipe is provided with heating elements. Heating elements and thermal insulation layers are arranged on the outer surface of the pipe to compensate for heat dissipation, effectively preventing tar precipitation caused by cooling of high-temperature clean oil-containing gas, and eliminating the hidden danger of oil condensation due to cooling; heating elements and thermal insulation layers are arranged on the outer surface of the conical ash hopper to compensate for the heat dissipation of the conical ash hopper and keep warm, effectively preventing oil condensation due to cooling in the conical ash hopper; heating elements and thermal insulation layers are arranged on the outer surfaces of the dusty gas circulation pipe, the second cyclone dust collector, the circulation fan and the circulation valve to compensate for heat dissipation, effectively preventing oil condensation due to cooling of the high-temperature dusty gas in the dusty gas circulation pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0016] The particle bed dust removal system is equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system, which consists of a temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber and a preheating displacement cooling air pipe. The temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber can quickly adjust the preheated gas according to the need for preheating. The preheated gas adjusted by the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber is sent to the dust-containing gas main pipe through the preheating displacement cooling air pipe, and finally sent to the particle bed filter. Therefore, when used for high-temperature dust removal of tar-containing gas, even if the particle bed filter is activated in the self-cooling state, under the action of the preheated gas, the oil-containing gas is difficult to form oil in the particle bed filter; the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber can also The replacement gas can be quickly modulated according to the need of replacement, and the oxygen-containing preheated gas produced after preheating can be replaced to avoid the occurrence of explosion; the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber can also quickly modulate cooling gas according to the need of cooling. When the granular bed filter needs to be shut down for some reason during operation, and the tar-containing coal gas in the granular bed filter needs to be replaced with replacement gas, the cooling gas is used to cool the granular bed filter; the preheating replacement cooling system ensures that the granular bed dust removal system will not accumulate oil or explode during startup or shutdown, and the startup and shutdown are safe and fast. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the particle bed dust removal system of Example 1;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the particle bed dust removal system of Example 2;

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the composition structure of the granular bed dust removal system of Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Embodiment 1:

[0022] This embodiment proposes a particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes two granular bed filters 1, a dusty gas main pipe 2 for feeding dusty and oily gas into the granular bed filters 1, a clean gas main pipe 3 for conveying high-temperature clean oily gas filtered by the granular bed filters 1, and a back-blowing gas main pipe 4 for providing back-blowing gas required for fluidized cleaning to the granular bed filters 1. The granular bed dust removal system is equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system 5, which consists of a temperature regulating and tempering chamber 51 for quickly modulating preheating gas, displacement gas, and cooling gas according to different needs of preheating, displacement, and cooling, and a preheating displacement cooling gas pipe 52 for feeding the preheating gas, displacement gas or cooling gas modulated by the temperature regulating and tempering chamber 51 into the dusty gas main pipe 2.

[0023] In this embodiment, the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51 is a gas mixing chamber, and the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet 53 for sending the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber 6 into the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51, a steam inlet 54 for sending steam from a steam generator (not shown in the figure) into the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51, an air inlet 55 for introducing air, and a mixed gas outlet 56 for outputting preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas. The mixed gas outlet 56 of the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51 It is connected to the air inlet of the preheating replacement cooling air pipe 52, and the air outlet of the preheating replacement cooling air pipe 52 is connected to the dusty gas main pipe 2; wherein the preheating gas is a mixed gas formed by a mixture of high-temperature flue gas and air, the replacement gas is a mixed gas formed by a mixture of high-temperature flue gas and steam, the cooling gas is a mixed gas formed by a mixture of high-temperature flue gas and steam or is air, the content of high-temperature flue gas in the cooling gas is less than the content of high-temperature flue gas in the replacement gas, and the content of steam in the cooling gas is greater than the content of steam in the replacement gas. Here, according to the different needs of preheating, replacement and cooling, the mixed gas of different properties and temperatures is modulated, such as by adjusting the intake amount of high-temperature flue gas and the intake amount of air from the combustion chamber 6, and adjusting the temperature of the mixed gas, the mixed gas at this time is the preheating gas; for another example, by adjusting the intake amount of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber 6 and the intake amount of steam from the steam generator, and adjusting the temperature and oxygen concentration of the mixed gas, the mixed gas at this time is the replacement gas (low oxygen); for another example, reducing the intake amount of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber 6 and increasing the intake amount of steam from the steam generator, and making the temperature of the mixed gas lower than 350°C, and keeping the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas lower than the set value, the mixed gas at this time is the cooling gas; in the later stage of cooling (when the temperature of the granular bed filter 1 is lower than 200°C), only air needs to be introduced, the high-temperature flue gas inlet 53 and the steam inlet 54 are closed, and cold air is used directly for cooling, and the cold air is the cooling gas at this time.

[0024] In this embodiment, a vent pipe 59 for discharging the mixed gas that does not meet the requirements output from the mixed gas outlet 56 is connected to the preheating replacement cooling gas pipe 52. Here, when the temperature or oxygen concentration of the mixed gas conditioned by the temperature conditioning chamber 51 does not meet the requirements, it is discharged through the vent pipe 59 instead of being sent to the particle bed filter 1 to ensure safety.

[0025] In this embodiment, the combustion chamber 6 is a gas combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet 53 of the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber 51. Here, the gas combustion chamber has the advantages of fast start and stop and flexible adjustment, so it can be used preferentially.

[0026] In this embodiment, the particle bed dust removal system is further equipped with a back-blowing air blower 41, the air inlet of the back-blowing air blower 41 is connected to the clean gas main pipe 3, the air outlet of the back-blowing air blower 41 is connected to the inlet of the back-blowing air main pipe 4, the back-blowing air blower 41 extracts high-temperature clean oil-containing gas from the clean gas main pipe 3 as back-blowing gas, and the back-blowing air blower 41 provides the back-blowing gas required for fluidized dust cleaning to the particle bed filter 1 through the back-blowing air main pipe 4. Here, by adding a back-blowing air blower 41, the back-blowing air blower 41 is used to directly extract high-temperature clean oil-containing gas from the clean gas main pipe 3 as back-blowing gas, which can save the back-blowing air heater and heating energy consumption required when the low-temperature clean gas from the gas cabinet is used as back-blowing gas, thereby reducing the cost.

[0027] In this embodiment, a dusty gas inlet 11 is provided at the top of the granular bed filter 1, which connects the dusty gas main pipe 2 and the inner cavity of the granular bed filter 1. A conical ash hopper 12 connected to the inner cavity of the granular bed filter 1 is provided at the bottom of the granular bed filter 1. Six granular layer filter beds 13 are provided in the inner cavity of the granular bed filter 1. When a plurality of granular layer filter beds 13 are provided in the inner cavity of the granular bed filter 1, the plurality of granular layer filter beds 13 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The granular layer filter bed 13 has a dusty gas inlet 131. The granular layer filter bed 13 is connected to a ventilation pipe 132 extending out of the granular bed filter 1. The outer ends of the ventilation pipe 132 are respectively connected to clean gas valves 32 connected in series with the clean gas valves 32. The gas branch pipe 33 and the back-blowing gas branch pipe 43 connected in series with the back-blowing gas valve 42, the other end of the clean gas branch pipe 33 is connected to the clean gas main pipe 3, the other end of the back-blowing gas branch pipe 43 is connected to the back-blowing gas main pipe 4, when the granular layer filter bed 13 filters the dusty and oily gas, the high-temperature clean oily gas filtered by the granular layer filter bed 13 is output through the ventilation pipe 132 and collected in the clean gas main pipe 3, when the granular layer filter bed 13 is fluidized for dust cleaning, the back-blowing gas main pipe 4 provides back-blowing gas to each granular layer filter bed 13 through the ventilation pipe 132, and the whole formed by all the granular layer filter beds 13 is surrounded by a settling chamber 14 which is connected to the dusty gas inlet 11 at the top, the conical ash hopper 12 at the bottom, and the dusty gas inlet 131 in the middle.

[0028] In this embodiment, the upper part of the conical ash hopper 12 is connected with a dusty gas circulation pipe 15, which is connected in series with the second cyclone dust collector 16, the circulation fan 17 and the circulation valve 18 and then connected with the dusty gas main pipe 2. Here, the circulation fan 17 extracts part of the high-temperature dusty and oily gas from the conical ash hopper 12, sends it to the dusty gas main pipe 2 after passing through the second cyclone dust collector 16, and then returns to the conical ash hopper 12 through the settling chamber 14 to form a cycle, which accelerates the dust settling and dust discharge in the settling chamber 14, eliminates the adverse effect of the upward backflow of the back-blowing gas on the dust settling during the back-blowing cleaning of the bottom granular layer filter bed 13, and reduces the upper and lower temperature difference of the granular bed filter 1.

[0029] In this embodiment, a powder discharge pipe 121 for discharging dust is connected to the bottom of the conical ash hopper 12, and an exhaust pipe 122 for discharging preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas discharged from the granular bed filter 1 is connected to the powder discharge pipe 121. The exhaust pipe 122 is connected to the clean gas main pipe 3 through a series exhaust valve 123. Here, when the outlet of the clean gas main pipe 3 is connected to an independent gas post-processing device and a gas induced draft fan, the exhaust pipe 122 is connected to the clean gas main pipe 3 after being connected to the exhaust valve 123 in series, so that the preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas discharged from the granular bed filter 1 through the clean gas main pipe 3 and the exhaust pipe 122 are all led away by the gas induced draft fan, and no additional pipelines and exhaust induced draft fans are required.

[0030] In this embodiment, a back-blowing air fan 41, a back-blowing air main pipe 4, a back-blowing air valve 42, a back-blowing air branch pipe 43, a clean gas main pipe 3, a clean gas valve 32, a clean gas branch pipe 33, a conical ash hopper 12, a dusty gas circulation pipe 15, a second cyclone dust collector 16, a circulation fan 17, a circulation valve 18, and an outer surface of the dusty gas main pipe 2 are all provided with a heating element (not shown in the figure), and the heating element is wrapped with a thermal insulation layer (not shown in the figure); the heating element is an armored heating cable, and the thermal insulation layer includes an aluminum silicate needle-punched blanket, an aerogel insulation felt, a high-temperature glass wool layer and an outer protective layer which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. Here, since the back-blowing branch pipe 43 will cause intermittent rotation ventilation due to the rotation back-blowing cleaning of the particle layer filter bed 13, it is particularly important and necessary to arrange heating elements on the outer surfaces of the back-blowing fan 41, the back-blowing main pipe 4, the back-blowing valve 42, and the back-blowing branch pipe 43 to prevent the back-blowing branch pipe 43 from cooling down due to intermittent rotation ventilation. In addition, arranging heating elements and thermal insulation layers on the outer surfaces of these components can compensate for heat dissipation, effectively preventing the tar precipitation caused by the cooling of the high-temperature clean oil-containing gas, and eliminating the hidden danger of oil condensation due to cooling; on the clean gas main pipe 3, the clean gas valve 32, and the clean gas branch pipe 43, the back-blowing fan 41, the back-blowing main pipe 4, the back-blowing valve 42, and the back-blowing ... branch pipe 43 are provided with heating elements to prevent the back-blowing branch pipe 43 from cooling down due to the intermittent rotation ventilation. A heating element and a thermal insulation layer are arranged on the outer surface of 33 to compensate for heat dissipation, which can effectively prevent tar precipitation caused by cooling of high-temperature clean oil-containing gas, and eliminate the hidden danger of cooling and oiling; a heating element and a thermal insulation layer are arranged on the outer surface of the conical ash hopper 12 to compensate for the heat dissipation of the conical ash hopper 12 and keep warm, which can effectively prevent the conical ash hopper 12 from cooling and oiling; a heating element and a thermal insulation layer are arranged on the outer surfaces of the dusty gas circulation pipe 15, the second cyclone dust collector 16, the circulation fan 17 and the circulation valve 18 to compensate for heat dissipation, which can effectively prevent the high-temperature dusty gas in the dusty gas circulation pipe 15 from cooling and oiling.

[0031] Embodiment 2:

[0032] This embodiment proposes a particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system, such as Figure 2As shown, the remaining structure of the particle bed dust removal system is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the only difference is the structure of the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51. The temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51 in the particle bed dust removal system of this embodiment is an evaporation mixing chamber. The temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet 53 for sending the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber 6 into the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51, an air inlet 55 for introducing air, and a mixed gas outlet 56 for outputting preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas. The mixed gas outlet 56 of the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51 is connected to the air inlet of the preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe 52, and the preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe 53 is connected to the preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe 52. The air outlet of the cooling air pipe 52 is connected to the dusty gas main pipe 2, and a water atomizing nozzle 57 is arranged in the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber 51. The water mist generated by the water atomizing nozzle 57 exchanges heat and mass with the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber 6 and evaporates into water vapor; wherein, the preheating gas is a mixed gas formed by a mixture of high-temperature flue gas and air, the replacement gas is a mixed gas formed by a mixture of high-temperature flue gas and water vapor, the cooling gas is a mixed gas formed by a mixture of high-temperature flue gas and water vapor or is air, the content of high-temperature flue gas in the cooling gas is less than the content of high-temperature flue gas in the replacement gas, and the content of water vapor in the cooling gas is greater than the content of water vapor in the replacement gas. Here, when there is no steam available on site, the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51 is changed from a gas mixing chamber to an evaporation mixing chamber, and a water atomizing nozzle 57 is added; according to the different needs of preheating, replacement, and cooling, the mixed gas of different properties and temperatures is modulated, such as by adjusting the intake amount of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber 6 and the intake amount of air, and adjusting the temperature of the mixed gas, the mixed gas at this time is the preheated gas; for example, by adjusting the intake amount of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber 6 and the amount of steam produced by evaporation of water mist in the temperature-adjusting and conditioning chamber 51, and adjusting the temperature and Oxygen concentration, the mixed gas at this time is the replacement gas (low oxygen); for example, reduce the air intake of the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber 6 and increase the amount of steam produced by the evaporation of water mist in the temperature and tempering chamber 51, and make the temperature of the mixed gas lower than 350°C, and keep the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas lower than the set value, the mixed gas at this time is the cooling gas; in the later stage of cooling (when the temperature of the granular bed filter 1 is lower than 200°C), only air needs to be introduced, the high-temperature flue gas inlet 53 and the water atomizing nozzle 57 are closed, and cold air is used directly for cooling, and the cold air is the cooling gas at this time.

[0033] The particle bed dust removal system of this embodiment is suitable for situations where there is no steam supply on site.

[0034] Embodiment three:

[0035] This embodiment proposes a particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system, such as Figure 3As shown, the rest of the structure is the same as that of the granular bed dust removal system of Example 1 or Example 2, and the only difference is that the subsequent processing process of the exhaust pipe 122 is different. The exhaust pipe 122 in the granular bed dust removal system of this embodiment is connected to an external exhaust draft fan (not shown in the figure) through an exhaust valve 123 connected in series. In this case, a pipe 35 with a valve 34 connected in series is also connected to the clean gas main pipe 3 and connected to the downstream of the exhaust valve 123. In this way, the preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas discharged from the granular bed filter 1 through the clean gas main pipe 3 and the exhaust pipe 122 are all led away by the exhaust draft fan (not shown in the figure) without affecting the normal filtering work of other granular bed dust removal systems that are connected in parallel with it and share the gas subsequent processing equipment and the gas draft fan.

[0036] The granular bed dust removal system of this embodiment is suitable for the situation where multiple granular bed dust removal systems are connected in parallel to share the coal gas post-processing equipment and the coal gas induced draft fan. It only needs to set up additional pipelines and exhaust draft fans. The preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas discharged from the granular bed filter 1 is led away by the exhaust draft fan.

[0037] In the above-mentioned embodiments, the combustion chamber 6 may also be a fuel combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the fuel combustion chamber is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet 53 of the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber 51. The fuel combustion chamber has the advantages of fast start and stop and flexible adjustment, so it can also be used preferentially; in order to save fuel costs, the combustion chamber 6 may also be a solid fuel combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the solid fuel combustion chamber is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet 53 of the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber 51. At this time, in order to prevent coarse dust from being deposited in the dusty gas main pipe 2, a first cyclone dust collector (not shown in the figure) is connected in series to the preheating replacement cooling air pipe 52 for removing coarse dust generated when the solid fuel is burned in the solid fuel combustion chamber to prevent it from entering the dusty gas main pipe 2.

[0038] In each of the above embodiments, the heating element may also be a high-temperature electric heating tape or a tracked ceramic electric heater or a rope-type ceramic electric heater, and the insulation layer may also be the following structure, including an aluminum silicate needle-punched blanket, an aerogel insulation felt and an outer protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, or including an aerogel insulation felt and an outer protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside.

[0039] The working process of the particle bed dust removal system of the present invention is divided into six working conditions:

[0040] The first working condition: When the particle bed dust removal system is started in the self-cooling state, it is preheated first. By adjusting the intake volume of high-temperature flue gas and air, the temperature of the mixed gas in the temperature and conditioning chamber is adjusted. The mixed gas at this time is the preheated gas. The preheated gas enters the dust-containing gas main pipe through the preheating displacement cooling air pipe. The preheated gas from the dust-containing gas main pipe enters the particle bed filter through the dust-containing gas inlet, flows downward along the sedimentation chamber, and enters the filter beds of each particle layer. Through the ventilation pipe and the clean gas branch pipe, it is collected in the clean gas main pipe for discharge, and the back-blowing air fan Preheated gas is extracted from the clean gas main pipe and back-blowing gas main pipe and back-blowing gas branch pipe to back-blowing fluidize each particle layer filter bed in turn. At the same time, the circulating fan extracts part of the preheated gas from the conical ash hopper set at the bottom of the particle bed filter and sends it to the dust-containing gas main pipe through the second cyclone dust collector, and then returns to the conical ash hopper through the settling chamber to form a cycle. In addition, a small amount of preheated gas is drawn from the exhaust pipe connected to the powder discharge pipe at the bottom of the conical ash hopper to preheat the conical ash hopper at the same time. The preheated gas discharged from the particle bed dust removal system is drawn out by the gas induced draft fan or the exhaust induced draft fan. In this way, all pipelines and equipment of the particle bed dust removal system are preheated synchronously. As the particle bed dust removal system gradually heats up, the preheated gas temperature is gradually increased from a low temperature (such as 200°C) to a higher temperature (such as 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C) until the particle bed dust removal system is preheated to the set value (such as 500°C).

[0041] The second working condition: when the particle bed dust removal system is preheated to the set value, the air inlet is closed and the steam inlet is opened. By adjusting the air intake of high-temperature flue gas and the air intake of steam, the temperature and oxygen concentration of the mixed gas in the temperature and conditioning chamber are adjusted. The mixed gas at this time is the replacement gas (low oxygen). The replacement gas enters the dusty gas main and the particle bed filter through the preheating replacement cooling air pipe. The opening conditions of other parts of the particle bed dust removal system are the same as the first working condition. In this way, the various parts of the particle bed dust removal system are replaced synchronously until the oxygen concentration of the clean gas main is lower than the set value, and the replacement is completed.

[0042] The third working condition: after the replacement is completed, close the high-temperature flue gas inlet, close the steam inlet and the preheating replacement cooling air pipe, close the exhaust pipe next to the powder discharge pipe at the bottom of the conical ash hopper, open the gas valve of the dusty gas main, and the dusty and oily gas enters the granular bed filter. The granular bed dust removal system enters the filtering and dust removal state. At this time, the opening conditions of other parts of the granular bed dust removal system are the same as in the first working condition. The clean gas obtained by filtration is collected in the clean gas main and led out by the gas induced draft fan.

[0043] The fourth operating condition: when the particle bed dust removal system is shut down in the self-heating state, close the dusty gas main, open the vent pipe, open the high-temperature flue gas inlet, open the steam inlet, and adjust the temperature and oxygen concentration of the mixed gas in the temperature and tempering chamber by adjusting the intake volume of the high-temperature flue gas and the intake volume of the steam. When the temperature and oxygen concentration of the mixed gas meet the requirements, the mixed gas at this time is the replacement gas, open the preheating replacement cooling gas pipe, close the vent pipe, and the replacement gas enters the dusty gas main, and enters the particle bed filter through the dusty gas inlet to replace the particle bed dust removal system. At this time, the opening status of other parts of the particle bed dust removal system is the same as the second operating condition, until the gas concentration of the clean gas main is lower than the set value, and the replacement is completed.

[0044] The fifth working condition: After the replacement is completed, the opening conditions of various parts of the particle bed dust removal system are the same as the fourth working condition. The difference is that the air intake of high-temperature flue gas is reduced and the air intake of steam is increased to adjust the temperature of the mixed gas in the low-temperature and tempering chamber (such as 350°C) and keep the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas lower than the set value. The mixed gas at this time is the cooling gas, and various parts of the particle bed dust removal system are cooled synchronously. As the temperature of the particle bed dust removal system decreases, the temperature of the cooling gas is gradually lowered (such as 250°C, 150°C).

[0045] The sixth operating condition: the opening conditions of various parts of the granular bed dust removal system are the same as the fifth operating condition except for one difference. The difference is that when the temperature in the granular bed filter is lower than 200°C, the steam inlet and the high-temperature flue gas inlet are closed, and the air inlet is opened to cool the granular bed dust removal system with cold air until the temperature in the granular bed filter is lower than 60°C, and the cooling is completed.

Claims

1. A granular bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system, comprising at least one granular bed filter, a dusty gas main pipe for feeding dusty and oily gas to the granular bed filter, a clean gas main pipe for conveying high-temperature clean oily gas filtered by the granular bed filter, and a back-blowing gas main pipe for providing back-blowing gas required for fluidized cleaning to the granular bed filter, characterized in that: The particle bed dust removal system is equipped with a preheating, replacement and cooling system, which is composed of a temperature-adjusting and tempering chamber for quickly modulating preheating gas, replacement gas and cooling gas according to different needs of preheating, replacement and cooling, and a preheating, replacement and cooling gas pipe for sending the preheating gas, replacement gas or cooling gas modulated by the temperature-adjusting and tempering chamber into the dust-containing gas main pipe; The temperature-adjusting and tempering chamber is a gas mixing chamber, and is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet for delivering high-temperature flue gas from a combustion chamber into the temperature-adjusting and tempering chamber, a steam inlet for delivering steam from a steam generator into the temperature-adjusting and tempering chamber, an air inlet for introducing air, and a mixed gas outlet for outputting preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas. The mixed gas outlet of the temperature-adjusting and tempering chamber is connected with the air inlet of the preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe, and the air outlet of the preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe is connected with the dust-containing coal gas main pipe; wherein the preheating gas is a mixed gas formed by mixing high-temperature flue gas and air, the replacement gas is a mixed gas formed by mixing high-temperature flue gas and steam, the cooling gas is a mixed gas formed by mixing high-temperature flue gas and steam or is air, the content of high-temperature flue gas in the cooling gas is less than the content of high-temperature flue gas in the replacement gas, and the content of steam in the cooling gas is greater than the content of steam in the replacement gas; Or the temperature adjustment and conditioning chamber is an evaporation mixing chamber, the temperature adjustment and conditioning chamber is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet for delivering the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber into the temperature adjustment and conditioning chamber, an air inlet for introducing air, and a mixed gas outlet for outputting preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas, the mixed gas outlet of the temperature adjustment and conditioning chamber is connected with the air inlet of the preheating replacement cooling air pipe, the air outlet of the preheating replacement cooling air pipe is connected with the dust-containing coal gas main pipe, and a water atomizing nozzle is arranged in the temperature adjustment and conditioning chamber, and the water mist generated by the water atomizing nozzle exchanges heat and mass with the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber and evaporates into water vapor; wherein the preheating gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and air, the replacement gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and water vapor, the cooling gas is a mixed gas mixed with high-temperature flue gas and water vapor or air, the content of high-temperature flue gas in the cooling gas is less than the content of high-temperature flue gas in the replacement gas, and the content of water vapor in the cooling gas is greater than the content of water vapor in the replacement gas.

2. A particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating, replacement and cooling air pipe is adjacently connected to a vent pipe for discharging the mixed gas that does not meet the requirements output from the mixed gas outlet.

3. A particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The combustion chamber is a gas combustion chamber or an oil combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber or the oil combustion chamber is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber; or the combustion chamber is a solid fuel combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the solid fuel combustion chamber is connected to the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the temperature adjustment and tempering chamber, and the preheating replacement cooling air pipe is connected in series with a first cyclone dust collector for removing coarse dust generated when the solid fuel is burned in the solid fuel combustion chamber to prevent it from entering the dusty gas main pipe.

4. A particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The granular bed dust removal system is also equipped with a back-blowing air fan, the air inlet of the back-blowing air fan is connected to the clean gas main pipe, the air outlet of the back-blowing air fan is connected to the inlet of the back-blowing air main pipe, the back-blowing air fan draws high-temperature clean oil-containing gas from the clean gas main pipe as back-blowing air, and the back-blowing air fan provides the back-blowing air required for fluidized cleaning to the granular bed filter through the back-blowing air main pipe.

5. A particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top or upper part of the granular bed filter is provided with a dusty gas inlet connecting the dusty gas main pipe and the inner cavity of the granular bed filter, the bottom of the granular bed filter is provided with a conical ash hopper connected with the inner cavity of the granular bed filter, at least one granular layer filter bed is provided in the inner cavity of the granular bed filter, when a plurality of granular layer filter beds are provided in the inner cavity of the granular bed filter, the plurality of granular layer filter beds are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the granular layer filter bed has a dusty gas inlet, the granular layer filter bed is connected to a ventilation pipe extending out of the granular bed filter, and the outer ends of the ventilation pipe are respectively connected to a clean gas branch pipe and A back-blowing air branch pipe is connected in series with a back-blowing air valve, and the other end of the clean gas branch pipe is connected to the clean gas main pipe. The other end of the back-blowing air branch pipe is connected to the back-blowing air main pipe. When the granular layer filter bed filters the dusty and oily gas, the high-temperature clean oily gas filtered by the granular layer filter bed is output through the ventilation pipe and collected in the clean gas main pipe. When the granular layer filter bed is fluidized for cleaning, the back-blowing air main pipe provides back-blowing air to each granular layer filter bed through the ventilation pipe. A settling chamber is arranged around or on one side of the whole formed by all the granular layer filter beds, which is connected to the dusty gas inlet on the top, the conical ash hopper on the bottom, and the dusty gas inlet in the middle.

6. A particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper part of the conical ash hopper is connected with a dusty gas circulation pipe, and the dusty gas circulation pipe is connected in series with the second cyclone dust collector, the circulation fan and the circulation valve and then communicated with the dusty gas main pipe.

7. A particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the conical ash hopper is connected to a powder discharge pipe for discharging dust, and the powder discharge pipe is connected to an exhaust pipe for discharging preheated gas, replacement gas or cooling gas discharged from the particle bed filter. The exhaust pipe is connected to the clean gas main through a series exhaust valve, or the exhaust pipe is connected to an external exhaust draft fan through a series exhaust valve.

8. A particle bed dust removal system equipped with a preheating displacement cooling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The back-blowing fan, the back-blowing main pipe, the back-blowing valve, the back-blowing branch pipe, the clean gas main pipe, the clean gas valve, the clean gas branch pipe, the conical ash hopper, the dusty gas circulation pipe, the second cyclone dust collector, the circulating fan, the circulating valve, and the dusty gas main pipe are all provided with heating elements on their outer surfaces, and the heating elements are wrapped with a thermal insulation layer; the heating elements are high-temperature electric heating cables or armored heating cables or crawler-type ceramic electric heaters or rope-type ceramic electric heaters, and the thermal insulation layer includes an aluminum silicate needle-punched blanket, an aerogel insulation felt, a high-temperature glass wool layer and an outer protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, or includes an aluminum silicate needle-punched blanket, an aerogel insulation felt and an outer protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, or includes an aerogel insulation felt and an outer protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside.

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