A flexible quick-adjustable self-centering fixture and centering method suitable for energetic rotating parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible quick-adjustment self-centering fixture and centering method suitable for energetic rotating parts, belonging to the field of composite material machining. The fixture comprises a suction cup body and a aligner, wherein the upper part of the suction cup body is an adsorption end face, a main air suction pipe penetrating the adsorption end face is provided in the middle part of the suction cup body, a concentric annular cavity structure with a gradually increasing diameter is provided on the adsorption end face of the suction cup body, three vents are provided in each annular cavity at intervals of 120° in a direction perpendicular to the adsorption end face, and adjacent vents in adjacent annular cavities are on the same straight line, and the vents on the same straight line are provided with relative threaded channels at intervals of 120° in a direction perpendicular to the adsorption end face inside the suction cup body, the bottoms of the vents on the same straight line are connected to the corresponding threaded channels, one end of the threaded channel is connected to the main air suction pipe, the other end of the threaded channel is connected to the side wall of the adsorption end face, and a sealing plug is screwed in the threaded channel; the aligner shaft is connected to the vent of the annular cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of composite material machining, and more particularly to a flexible quick-adjusting self-centering fixture suitable for energetic rotating parts and a centering method. Background Art

[0002] Since some energetic rotating parts with full-surface processing have high clamping reliability and centering accuracy requirements, and this type of composite material is a weak rigid material and easy to deform, many conventional metal clamping methods (such as chuck clamping, adhesive positioning, etc., which may damage or contaminate the workpiece) are difficult to promote and apply in this field. However, vacuum adsorption technology is very effective for reliable and centering clamping in the processing of such energetic parts, and has obvious advantages in preventing product clamping and one-time full-surface processing. The vacuum suction cup uses the Pascal principle to ensure that the suction end face is subjected to equal pressure, and is widely used in the clamping of weak rigidity or precision parts, such as the processing of various composite materials and optical glass devices. Although the traditional concave cavity vacuum suction cup is widely used, there are still some problems, such as the center of the workpiece will sink after adsorption, causing large deformation, the cutting fluid can easily enter the vacuum cavity through the adsorption contact surface and reduce the adsorption reliability, the suction cup structure is fixed and cannot be self-centered, and the lack of flexibility makes it difficult to meet the requirements of rapid replacement of multiple varieties of parts. These problems will have a certain impact on the processing accuracy, production efficiency and clamping safety of energetic parts.

[0003] At present, limited to the special application of energetic material machining and clamping, there are few general vacuum grippers developed for this field. Drawing on the experience of similar tooling design, many manufacturers have customized and developed non-standard products. For example, Applied Materials has installed soft rubber pads between the porous ceramic suction cup and the processed silicon wafer, and used evenly distributed through holes to reduce workpiece deformation and improve processing efficiency. Une in Japan proposed a cylindrical pin vacuum suction cup. The surface of the vacuum suction cup does not use porous ceramics but densely and evenly distributed cylindrical pins. The processed composite material workpiece only contacts the end face of the short cylinder, which can make the processing surface extremely flat and eliminate the adsorption effect of tiny dust. Bendfeldt has significantly increased the adsorption force of the workpiece by expanding the adsorption area through the groove suction cup design. Strasbaugh has developed a partitioned vacuum suction cup, which can select the vacuum adsorption area according to the processing of thin parts of different sizes, that is, when processing small diameters, only the inside can be vacuumed, and when processing large-size thin parts, both the inside and the outside can be vacuumed at the same time. The above-mentioned vacuum suction cups are mainly used for end face grinding of thin parts, while for end face and external cylindrical turning, the size of the vacuum suction cups and the size of the processed parts need to be matched. Especially for flexible production lines for small batch and variable size parts processing, it is necessary to frequently install and replace vacuum suction cups of various sizes and specifications, and each time it is necessary to repeat the replacement, installation and positioning calibration, which takes a long time for production preparation, greatly affects the processing efficiency and production flexibility, and reduces flexibility.

[0004] In summary, the application process of vacuum clamping technology in energetic rotating body processing still has certain promotion difficulties. The main reasons are: 1) Special requirements for the material selection and process structure design of vacuum grippers for energetic rotating parts processing and clamping safety; 2) Functional requirements for vacuum grippers' sealing and automatic alignment during full-surface processing of energetic parts; 3) The currently commonly used concave cavity vacuum grippers have a single functional structure and lack flexibility. Therefore, based on the current status of vacuum clamping technology for energetic materials, it is necessary to improve the structure of vacuum suction cups, enhance the fast and agile processing adaptability of suction cups, and design and develop a vacuum gripper with uniform force distribution, adjustable vacuum area and convenient self-centering, so as to meet the requirements of efficient and safe processing of energetic material parts, which is very beneficial to solving practical problems in production. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a flexible quick-adjustment self-centering gripper and a centering method suitable for energetic rotating parts, so as to solve the problem of quick replacement of suction cups and automatic centering of parts in the production of energetic rotating parts. The flexible quick-adjustment vacuum suction cup design enables convenient and controllable suction cup specifications, and has the function of quickly adapting to reliable clamping of workpieces of different sizes. The device adopts an annular suction cup structure design, the effective adsorption surface is convenient and adjustable, and the adsorption force is evenly distributed. For rotating parts, the automatic centering can be achieved by using a pendulum table alignment method. These functions are extremely easy to implement and can significantly improve production efficiency, so as to meet the flexible and reliable adsorption and efficient processing requirements of rotating energetic parts.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A flexible quick-adjustable self-centering gripper suitable for energetic rotating parts comprises a suction cup body and a finder, wherein the upper portion of the suction cup body is a suction end face, a main suction duct penetrating the suction end face is provided in the middle portion of the suction cup body, a concentric annular cavity structure with a gradually increasing diameter is provided on the suction end face of the suction cup body, three vents are provided in each annular cavity at intervals of 120° in a direction perpendicular to the suction end face, and adjacent vents in adjacent annular cavities are on the same straight line, the vents on the same straight line are provided with relative threaded channels at intervals of 120° in a direction perpendicular to the suction end face inside the suction cup body, the bottoms of the vents on the same straight line are connected to corresponding threaded channels, one end of the threaded channel is connected to the main suction duct, and the other end of the threaded channel is connected to the side wall of the suction end face, a sealing plug is threaded in the threaded channel; the finder shaft is connected to the vent of the annular cavity.

[0008] Furthermore, the alignment device includes: a locking nut, a thrust rod, a set screw, and a micrometer, wherein the measuring rod of the micrometer is provided with a thread, and the locking nut is screwed on the measuring rod through the thread, so as to realize the positioning and locking of the measuring rod at any position, and the upper end of the thrust rod is a U-shaped clamp for clamping the micrometer, which is installed on the clamping part of the micrometer frame by means of a set screw for clamping, and is clamped by a set screw, and the lower end of the thrust rod is provided with a conical thrust rod matched with the vent hole, and the self-centering function of the rotary shaker is precisely matched with the vent hole on the upper surface of the suction cup body. The thrust rod and the vent hole need to be matched to ensure that the rotation accuracy is less than 0.005mm, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum air source system is required to be less than -0.1Mpa.

[0009] Furthermore, the sealing plug is a top screw coated with sealing paint.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of adjacent annular cavities is 2 mm-10 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, a pipe joint is provided at the lower part of the suction cup body, one end of the pipe joint is connected to the main suction pipe, and the other end of the pipe joint is connected to the side wall of the suction cup body.

[0012] The present invention also provides a flexible quick-adjustment self-centering method for an energetic rotating part, including the above-mentioned self-centering fixture, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: First, install the suction cup body on the machine tool spindle rotary table by chuck or mechanical fastening method, and place the energetic rotating workpiece in the center area of ​​the suction cup body;

[0014] Step 2: According to the outer diameter of the workpiece, select a suitable vent hole from the vent holes on the same straight line of the adsorption end surface of the suction cup body as the radial positioning hole A;

[0015] Step 3: Use the thrust rod to insert the aligner into the positioning hole A, swing the micrometer to make the measuring rod slide over the major diameter of the workpiece, record the jump meter state and read the maximum indication a1, and then select the 120° equally divided positioning holes B and C corresponding to the positioning hole A in the same ring groove, and shake the meter to read the maximum indications b1 and c1 respectively;

[0016] Step 4: Lock the dial gauge rod at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by means of the locking nut, swing the dial gauge again with the positioning hole A as the axis, and use a wrench to quickly tighten the top screw in the threaded hole opposite to the positioning hole A to the position where the finder is positioned;

[0017] Step 5: Lock the dial gauge rod at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by means of the locking nut, swing the dial gauge again with the positioning hole B as the axis, and use a wrench to quickly tighten the top screw in the threaded hole opposite to the positioning hole B to the position where the finder is positioned;

[0018] Step 6: Lock the dial gauge rod at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by means of a locking nut, swing the dial gauge again with the positioning hole C as the axis, and use a wrench to quickly tighten the top screw in the threaded hole opposite to the positioning hole C to the position where the aligner locates; the self-centering alignment of the workpiece is completed;

[0019] Step 7: Remove the attached thrust rod and wrench, use the pipe joint to connect the vacuum air line, and finally realize the flexible quick-adjust vacuum adsorption of the suction cup body.

[0020] In step 2, the flatness of the adsorption end surface of the suction cup body is less than or equal to 0.003 mm.

[0021] A further technical solution is: the thrust rod and the vent hole need to be matched to ensure that the rotation accuracy is less than 0.005mm, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum air source system is required to be less than -0.1Mpa.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The flexible quick-adjustable self-centering gripper suitable for energetic rotating parts of the present invention realizes vacuum suction and reliable clamping of parts of various specifications, shapes and sizes in small batch flexible production, can realize the functional integration of various vacuum suction cups, and can be quickly adjusted and easily replaced.

[0024] (2) The flexible quick-adjustable self-centering gripper suitable for energetic rotating parts of the present invention can conveniently realize the self-centering function of the rotating workpiece, solving the problem of frequent replacement of suction cups and repeated installation of correction equipment in order to adapt to the clamping of workpieces of different sizes in the previous small-batch processing of energetic parts. The repeated centering accuracy can meet the production requirements.

[0025] (3) The flexible quick-adjust self-centering gripper suitable for energetic rotating parts of the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, easy use, and uniform and reliable adsorption force. It also has the anti-water accumulation structural characteristics of the annular suction cup, which can solve the problem of cutting fluid leakage between the workpiece and the suction cup adsorption surface, and effectively reduce the system leakage coefficient.

[0026] (4) The present invention realizes the research of a new type of fast and reliable vacuum adsorption method suitable for the mechanical processing of energetic materials through the design of flexible quick-adjustment self-centering function, which meets the actual needs of flexible quick-adjustment, waterproof and leak-proof, pressure equalization, and precision improvement of processing tooling. It has the advantages of low cost and easy integration and disassembly with machine tools, and can significantly improve the consistency of product processing quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The present invention is a general structural diagram of a flexible quick-adjustable self-centering gripper suitable for energy-containing rotating parts.

[0028] Figure 2 The present invention is a sectional front view of a flexible quick-adjust self-centering gripper suitable for energetic rotating parts, illustrating the working principle of the quick-adjustment change of the adsorption range.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The top view shows the position relationship of each array hole and the self-centering principle.

[0030] As shown in the figure, the corresponding reference numerals are:

[0031] 1-suction cup body, 2-pipe joint, 3-jackscrew, 4-wrench, 5-aligner, 5.1-locking nut, 5.2-thrust rod, 5.3-set screw, 5.4-micrometer, 6-workpiece, 7-ring cavity, 8-main suction pipe, 9-threaded hole, 10-vent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Embodiment 1:

[0034] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a flexible quick-adjust self-centering gripper suitable for energetic rotating parts includes a suction cup body 1 and a aligner 5. The upper part of the suction cup body 1 is an adsorption end face, and the lower part of the suction cup body 1 is a high-precision cylindrical section for positioning and clamping. The suction cup body 1 is installed on the machine tool spindle or the rotating workbench by a chuck or mechanical fastening method. A main air suction pipe 8 penetrating through the adsorption end face is provided in the middle of the suction cup body 1, and a concentric annular cavity 7 structure with a gradually increasing diameter is provided on the adsorption end face of the suction cup body 1. Three air vents 10 are provided in each annular cavity 7 at intervals of 120° in a direction perpendicular to the adsorption end face, and adjacent air vents 10 in adjacent annular cavities 7 are on the same straight line. The air vents 10 on the same straight line are provided with relative threaded holes 9 at intervals of 120° in the direction perpendicular to the adsorption end face inside the suction cup body 1, and the bottoms of the air vents 10 on the same straight line are connected to the corresponding threaded holes 9, one end of the threaded hole 9 is connected to the main air suction pipe 8, and the other end of the threaded hole 9 is connected to the side wall of the adsorption end face, and a sealing plug is threaded in the threaded hole 9; the axial connection of the straightener 5 is in the air vent 10 of the annular cavity 7.

[0035] In this embodiment, the aligner 5 includes: a locking nut 5.1, a thrust rod 5.2, a set screw 5.3, and a micrometer 5.4, wherein a measuring rod of the micrometer 5.4 is provided with a thread, and the locking nut 5.1 is screwed on the measuring rod through the thread, so as to realize the positioning and locking of the measuring rod at any position. The upper end of the thrust rod 5.2 is a U-shaped clamp for clamping the micrometer 5.4, which is installed in the clamping position of the micrometer 5.4 by means of a set screw 5.3 for tightening and clamping, and is tightened and clamped by the set screw 5.3. The lower end of the thrust rod 5.2 is provided with a conical thrust rod 5.2 that cooperates with the vent hole 10, and the self-centering function of the rotary shaker is achieved by the thrust rod 5.2 and the vent hole 10 on the upper surface of the suction cup body 1. The thrust rod 5.2 and the vent hole 10 need to be matched to ensure that the rotation accuracy is less than 0.005mm, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum air source system is required to be less than -0.1Mpa.

[0036] The adsorption end surface of the suction cup body 1 is provided with a concentric annular cavity 7 structure with a gradually increasing diameter, which meets the processing requirements of energy-containing components that are easy to deform and require uniform adsorption force. The diameters of adjacent annular cavities 7 can be selected before manufacturing (generally between 2mm-10mm).

[0037] The alignment device 5 of the present invention can be used as a push rod for aligning the workpiece 6 and also has a stopper for quickly positioning the annular suction cup top screw 3. The sealing plug is a top screw 3 coated with sealing paint, which can achieve sealing, and the effective vacuum adsorption area can be adjusted by the position of the top screw 3 in the threaded channel 9. The structure of the suction cup body 1 of the present invention is very novel. The cooperation of the top screw 3 and the threaded channel 9 can adjust the position of the sealing pipeline according to the workpiece 6 of different diameters, and realize flexible and rapid adjustment. There is no need to replace different suction cups.

[0038] Preferably, a pipe joint 2 is provided at the lower portion of the suction cup body 1 , one end of the pipe joint 2 is connected to the main suction pipe 8 , and the other end of the pipe joint 2 is connected to the side wall of the suction cup body 1 .

[0039] In order to ensure the final use accuracy and system reliability of the present invention, reasonable accuracy requirements should be put forward for the manufacturing and assembly accuracy of its key components. The flatness of the adsorption end surface of the suction cup body 1 is less than or equal to 0.003mm. The thrust rod 5.2 and the vent hole 10 need to be matched to ensure that the rotation accuracy is less than 0.005mm, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum air source system is required to be less than -0.1Mpa.

[0040] In addition, three micro through holes are opened in a certain annular cavity 7 of the suction cup body 1 at intervals of 120° in the vertical end face direction. The through holes are mainly used to discharge the water accumulated in the annular cavity 7 caused by leakage of the contact surface gap, and should be opened outside the selected effective vacuum annular cavity 7, but can also be blocked depending on the usage to avoid air leakage.

[0041] The present invention also provides a flexible quick-adjustment self-centering method for an energetic rotating part, including the above-mentioned self-centering fixture, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: First, install the suction cup body 1 on the machine tool spindle rotary table by chuck or mechanical fastening, and place the energetic rotating workpiece 6 in the center area of ​​the suction cup body 1; thereby setting the suction cup effective area; in order to reduce the leakage coefficient of the vacuum system, the residual particles of the suction cup body 1 need to be cleaned before use.

[0043] Step 2: According to the outer diameter of the workpiece 6, select the vent holes 10 at appropriate positions from the vent holes 10 on the same straight line of the adsorption end surface of the suction cup body 1 as the radial positioning hole A;

[0044] Step 3: Use the thrust rod 5.2 to insert the aligner 5 into the positioning hole A, swing the micrometer 5.4 to make the measuring rod slide over the major diameter of the workpiece 6, record the jump meter state and read the maximum indication a1, and then select the 120° equally divided positioning holes B and C corresponding to the positioning hole A in the same annular groove, and shake the meter to read the maximum indications b1 and c1 respectively;

[0045] Step 4: Lock the measuring rod of the micrometer 5.4 at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by means of the locking nut 5.1, swing the micrometer 5.4 again with the positioning hole A as the axis, and quickly tighten the top screw 3 in the threaded hole 9 opposite to the positioning hole A to the position where the finder 5 is positioned by means of the wrench 4;

[0046] Step 5: Lock the measuring rod of the micrometer 5.4 at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by means of the locking nut 5.1, swing the micrometer 5.4 again with the positioning hole B as the axis, and quickly tighten the top screw 3 in the threaded hole 9 opposite to the positioning hole B to the position where the finder 5 is positioned by means of the wrench 4;

[0047] Step 6: Lock the measuring rod of the micrometer 5.4 at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by means of the locking nut 5.1, swing the micrometer 5.4 again with the positioning hole C as the axis, and quickly tighten the top screw 3 in the threaded hole 9 opposite to the positioning hole C to the position positioned by the aligner 5 by means of the wrench 4; the self-centering alignment of the workpiece 6 is thus completed;

[0048] Step 7: Remove the attached thrust rod 5.2 and the wrench 4, and connect the vacuum air path using the pipe joint 2, thereby finally realizing the flexible quick-adjust vacuum adsorption of the suction cup body 1.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flexible quick-adjustment self-centering method for energetic rotating parts, comprising a flexible quick-adjustment self-centering fixture suitable for energetic rotating parts, the flexible quick-adjustment self-centering fixture suitable for energetic rotating parts comprising a suction cup body and a finder, the upper part of the suction cup body is an adsorption end face, a main suction pipe penetrating the adsorption end face is provided in the middle part of the suction cup body, a concentric annular cavity structure with gradually increasing diameter is provided on the adsorption end face of the suction cup body, three vents are provided in each annular cavity at intervals of 120° in a direction perpendicular to the adsorption end face, and adjacent vents in adjacent annular cavities are on the same straight line, the vents on the same straight line are provided with relative threaded channels at intervals of 120° in a direction perpendicular to the adsorption end face inside the suction cup body, the bottoms of the vents on the same straight line are connected to corresponding threaded channels, one end of the threaded channel is connected to the main suction pipe, the other end of the threaded channel is connected to the side wall of the adsorption end face, a sealing plug is threaded in the threaded channel; the finder shaft is connected to the vent of the annular cavity; it is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: First, install the suction cup body on the machine tool spindle rotary table by chuck or mechanical fastening method, and place the energetic rotating workpiece in the center area of ​​the suction cup body; Step 2: According to the outer diameter of the workpiece, select a suitable vent hole from the vent holes on the same straight line of the adsorption end surface of the suction cup body as the radial positioning hole A; Step 3: Use the thrust rod to insert the aligner into the positioning hole A, swing the micrometer to make the measuring rod slide over the major diameter of the workpiece, record the jump meter state and read the maximum indication a1, and then select the 120° equally divided positioning holes B and C corresponding to the positioning hole A in the same ring groove, and shake the meter to read the maximum indications b1 and c1 respectively; Step 4: Lock the dial gauge rod at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by locking the nut, swing the dial gauge again with the positioning hole A as the axis, and use a wrench to quickly tighten the top screw in the threaded hole opposite to the positioning hole A to the position where the finder is positioned; Step 5: Lock the dial gauge rod at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by locking the nut, swing the dial gauge again with the positioning hole B as the axis, and use a wrench to quickly tighten the top screw in the threaded hole opposite to the positioning hole B to the position where the finder is positioned; Step 6: Lock the dial gauge rod at the position where the indication is d=(a1+b1+c1) / 3 by locking the nut, swing the dial gauge again with the positioning hole C as the axis, and use a wrench to quickly tighten the top screw in the threaded hole opposite to the positioning hole C to the position positioned by the aligner; the self-centering alignment of the workpiece is completed; Step 7: Remove the attached thrust rod and wrench, use the pipe joint to connect the vacuum air line, and finally realize the flexible quick-adjust vacuum adsorption of the suction cup body.

2. A flexible quick-adjustment self-centering method for energetic rotating parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aligner includes: a locking nut, a thrust rod, a set screw, and a micrometer, wherein a measuring rod of the micrometer is provided with a thread, the locking nut is screwed onto the measuring rod through the thread, the upper end of the thrust rod is a U-shaped clamp for clamping the micrometer, and is clamped by the set screw, and the lower end of the thrust rod is provided with a conical thrust rod matched with the vent hole, and the rotation of the micrometer is realized by the cooperation between the thrust rod and the vent hole on the upper surface of the suction cup body.

3. The flexible quick-adjustment self-centering method for energetic rotating parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sealing plug is a top screw coated with sealing paint.

4. A flexible quick-adjustment self-centering method for energetic rotating parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of adjacent annular cavities is 2mm-10mm.

5. The flexible quick-adjustment self-centering method for energetic rotating parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A pipe joint is arranged at the lower part of the sucker body, one end of the pipe joint is connected with the main air suction pipeline, and the other end of the pipe joint is connected with the side wall of the sucker body.

6. The method for flexible quick-adjustment self-centering of an energetic rotating part according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the flatness of the adsorption end surface of the suction cup body is less than or equal to 0.003 mm.

7. The flexible quick-adjustment self-centering method for energetic rotating parts according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thrust rod and the vent hole need to be matched to ensure that the rotation accuracy is less than 0.005mm, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum air source system is required to be less than -0.1Mpa.

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