A traction type large and small row garlic combine harvester

Abstract

A towed large and small row garlic combine harvester, whose frame part and harvesting unit frame part can be relatively adjusted, can facilitate row alignment and seedling support, and through the clever linkage between the units, semi-automatic row alignment is realized, and the seedling support rate is also improved. Compared with manual harvesting, the device saves labor and time, has high work efficiency, and can be used for harvesting garlic in large and small row planting mode; compared with the existing garlic harvesting device, the device has good effect of guiding and supporting garlic, convenient row alignment, easy to move, easy to operate, good soil adaptability, low garlic damage rate and high efficiency. In addition, the device has the characteristics of simple and reasonable structure, easy processing, strong practicality, low price, easy use, high market demand, etc., and is easy to promote and apply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of economic crop harvesting, in particular to a traction-type large and small row garlic combine harvester. Background Art

[0002] Garlic is rich in nutrition, unique in flavor, and widely used. It has medical and health functions such as sterilization, antibacterial, and anti-toxicity. China's garlic planting area is about 12 million mu, accounting for more than 90% of the global planting area. According to the current situation of my country's garlic industry, the main garlic producing areas are mainly Shandong, represented by Jinxiang.

[0003] Although Shandong has a large garlic planting area, the actual application area of ​​garlic machinery is less than 1%. This is mainly because the existing garlic harvesting machinery has problems such as low automation, large harvesting losses, unreasonable functional structure settings, high harvesting costs, low efficiency, time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, because garlic is a labor-intensive cultivated crop, the harvesting process has problems such as high labor intensity of manual labor, long agricultural time, strong seasonality of harvesting, large harvesting losses, and low efficiency, which have become the main problems affecting the development of garlic production and the growth of the industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a traction-type large and small row garlic combine harvester, which can realize operations such as digging, soil removal, clamping and conveying, cutting seedlings and collecting garlic heads, and has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use and semi-automatic row alignment. This equipment is very helpful in solving the problem of time-consuming and labor-intensive traditional manual harvesting of garlic by farmers.

[0005] The equipment includes a frame, which is the main supporting part of the equipment. A wheel assembly is provided at the bottom of the frame, and a suspension shaft assembly is provided at the front of the frame. The suspension shaft assembly is used to connect to existing agricultural power machinery, such as tractors, etc. Driven by the agricultural machinery, the frame moves as a whole to perform collection operations.

[0006] A harvesting unit frame is arranged on the vehicle frame. The harvesting unit frame is in the form of a frame. A row alignment device, a clamping and conveying device and a digging shovel are arranged on the harvesting unit frame.

[0007] The row alignment device is arranged between the harvesting unit frame and the vehicle frame. The row alignment device includes a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic oil tank. The hydraulic cylinder is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. By controlling the extension and contraction amount of the hydraulic cylinder output shaft, the relative position between the harvesting unit frame and the vehicle frame is controlled, that is, the direction of the digging shovel and the conveying device is controlled to align the garlic seedlings.

[0008] The front top surface of the harvesting unit frame is also provided with a straw guiding device, which includes a floating rod, a straw guiding rod, a bearing, and a baffle. The straw guiding device is rotatably arranged on the front top surface of the harvesting unit frame through the bearing, and the floating rod is elastically connected to the frame. The straw guiding rods are arranged obliquely, and the straw guiding rods correspond to each other in pairs, and the form is wide in front and narrow in the back, so as to guide the garlic straw to a suitable position, that is, between the belts corresponding to each other of the clamping conveying device.

[0009] An adjusting rod is arranged at the bottom of the frame, and the front end of the adjusting rod is in the form of a digging shovel.

[0010] A seedling cutting device is provided at the rear of the vehicle frame, a garlic bulb conveyor is provided at the bottom of the seedling cutting device, and a garlic bulb collecting device is provided at the end of the conveyor. The seedling cutting device is used to cut off the garlic stalks, and the conveyor is used to collect the garlic bulbs after the garlic stalks are cut and transport them to the garlic bulb collecting device.

[0011] A seedling dropping device is provided at the rear of the seedling cutting device for collecting the dropped seedlings.

[0012] Furthermore, a control center is provided on the harvesting unit frame, and the control center is used to control the start and stop of each unit of the equipment. A seat is provided in the front of the control center for operators to sit on.

[0013] Furthermore, the clamping and conveying device is integrally hinged on the harvesting unit frame, and a lifting rod is provided on the front side thereof. The lifting rod is in the form of a screw sleeve, and the sleeve end is provided on the side of the clamping and conveying device, and the screw end is rotatably provided on the frame. The lifting rod is locked with the frame to determine the specific angle of the clamping and conveying device and adjust the distance from the ground.

[0014] Furthermore, a straw-moving device is rotatably provided at the front end of the clamping and conveying device, and the straw-moving device is in the form of a rotatably arranged impeller.

[0015] Furthermore, a soil cleaning device is provided at the lower part of the clamping and conveying device, and the soil cleaning device includes a clamping rod and an eccentric block arranged opposite to each other, and the clamping rod is arranged corresponding to each conveying channel of the clamping and conveying device, and the eccentric block is driven by a motor to drive the clamping rod arranged opposite to each other, so that the clamping rod vibrates opposite to each other to shake off the floating soil on the surface of the garlic.

[0016] Furthermore, the arrangement of the seedling cutting device is as follows: the seedling cutting device comprises a cutter motor, an upper cutter, a lower cutter, a clamping mechanism and a hinge, wherein the hinge is used to install the whole device, and the upper cutter and the lower cutter are arranged on two bases, and the two cutters are arranged opposite to each other. A clamping mechanism is arranged between the two bases to adjust the distance between the two cutters. The two cutters are driven by the cutter motor to cut the garlic stalks being clamped and transported.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. Compared with manual harvesting, this device saves labor and time, has high work efficiency, and can be used for harvesting garlic in large and small row planting modes;

[0019] 2. Compared with the existing garlic harvesting device, this device has a good effect of guiding and supporting the garlic, is convenient for walking, easy to move, easy to operate, has good soil adaptability, low garlic damage rate and high efficiency.

[0020] 3. The device has the characteristics of simple and reasonable structure, easy processing, strong practicality, low price, easy use, high market demand, and easy to promote and apply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a front view of a schematic structural diagram of a stalk cutting device of a traction-type large and small row garlic combine harvester according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a top view of the schematic structural diagram of a stalk cutting device of a traction-type large and small row garlic combine harvester according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tractor-type garlic harvester for large and small rows according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a seedling cutting device of a traction-type large and small row garlic combine harvester according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a soil cleaning device of a traction-type large and small row garlic combine harvester according to the present invention;

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 1-grain guiding device 2-suspension shaft assembly 3-frame 4-row device 5-hydraulic oil tank 6-lifting rod 7-grain pulling device 8-clamping and conveying device 9-digging shovel 10-control center 11-seat 12-adjusting rod 13-soil cleaning device 14-harvesting unit frame 15-wheel assembly 16-grain cutting device 17-garlic conveyor 18-garlic collecting device 19-grain dropping device 20-floating rod 21-grain guiding rod 22-bearing 23-baffle 24-upper cutter 25-lower cutter 26-clamping mechanism 27-hinge

[0028] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The towed large and small row garlic combine harvester of the present invention is mainly used in large and small row garlic planting mode. The planting method is mainly flat. The planting row spacing is generally 18-20 cm, the general plant spacing is 18-20 cm, the single plant height is generally 60-70 cm, the height after stalk emergence is generally 50-60 cm, and the growth depth of raw garlic is generally within 4-5 cm soil layer.

[0030] The vehicle frame 3 is a main supporting part of the device, a wheel assembly 15 is provided at the bottom of the vehicle frame 3, and a suspension shaft assembly 2 is provided at the front of the vehicle frame 3. The suspension shaft assembly 2 is used to connect to existing agricultural power machinery, such as a tractor, etc. Driven by the agricultural machinery, the vehicle frame 3 moves as a whole to perform the collection operation.

[0031] A harvesting unit frame 14 is provided on the vehicle frame 3 . The harvesting unit frame 14 is in the form of a frame. A row alignment device 4 , a clamping and conveying device 8 and a digging shovel 9 are provided on the harvesting unit frame 14 .

[0032] The row device 4 is arranged between the harvesting unit frame 14 and the vehicle frame 3. The row device 4 includes a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic oil tank 5. The hydraulic cylinder is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. By controlling the extension and contraction amount of the hydraulic cylinder output shaft, the relative position between the harvesting unit frame 14 and the vehicle frame 3 is controlled, that is, the direction of the digging shovel 9 and the conveying device is controlled to align the garlic seedlings.

[0033] The front top surface of the harvesting unit frame 14 is also provided with a rice guiding device 1, which includes a floating rod 20, a rice guiding rod 21, a bearing 22, and a baffle 23. The rice guiding device 1 is rotatably arranged on the front top surface of the harvesting unit frame 14 through the bearing 22, and the floating rod 20 is elastically connected to the frame 3. The rice guiding rods 21 are arranged obliquely, and the rice guiding rods 21 correspond to each other in pairs, and the garlic rice stalks are guided to a suitable position, that is, between the belts corresponding to each other of the clamping conveying device 8.

[0034] An adjusting rod 12 is provided at the bottom of the vehicle frame 3 , and the front end of the adjusting rod 12 is in the form of a digging shovel 9 .

[0035] A seedling cutting device 16 is provided at the rear of the vehicle frame 3, a garlic bulb conveyor 17 is provided at the bottom of the seedling cutting device 16, and a garlic bulb collecting device 18 is provided at the end of the conveyor. The seedling cutting device 16 is used to cut off the garlic stalks, and the conveyor is used to collect the garlic bulbs after cutting the garlic stalks and convey them to the garlic bulb collecting device 18.

[0036] The rear part of the seedling cutting device 16 is provided with a seedling dropping device 19 for collecting the fallen seedlings.

[0037] Furthermore, a control center 10 is provided on the harvesting unit frame 14, and the control center 10 is used to control the start and stop of each unit of the equipment. A seat 11 is provided in the front of the control center 10 for operators to sit on.

[0038] Furthermore, the clamping and conveying device 8 is integrally hinged on the harvesting unit frame 14, and a lifting rod 6 is provided on the front side thereof. The lifting rod 6 is in the form of a screw sleeve, and its sleeve end is provided on the side of the clamping and conveying device 8, and its screw end is rotatably provided on the frame 3. The lifting rod 6 is locked with the frame 3 to determine the specific angle of the clamping and conveying device 8 and adjust the distance from the ground.

[0039] Furthermore, a reed-moving device 7 is rotatably provided at the front end of the clamping and conveying device 8, and the reed-moving device 7 is in the form of a rotatably arranged impeller.

[0040] Furthermore, a soil cleaning device 13 is provided at the lower part of the clamping and conveying device 8, and the soil cleaning device 13 includes a clamping rod and an eccentric block arranged opposite to each other, and the clamping rod is arranged corresponding to each conveying channel of the clamping and conveying device 8, and the eccentric block is driven by a motor to drive the clamping rod arranged opposite to each other, so that the clamping rod vibrates opposite to each other to shake off the floating soil on the surface of the garlic.

[0041] Furthermore, the arrangement of the seedling cutting device 16 is as follows: the seedling cutting device 16 comprises a cutter motor, an upper cutter 24, a lower cutter 25, a clamping mechanism 26 and a hinge 27, wherein the hinge 27 is used to install the whole device, and the upper cutter 24 and the lower cutter 25 are arranged on two bases, and the two cutters are arranged opposite to each other. A clamping mechanism 26 is arranged between the two bases, which is used to adjust the distance between the two cutters. The two cutters are driven by the cutter motor to cut the garlic stalks being clamped and transported.

[0042] When the harvester is in operation, it is towed and powered by the agricultural machine. The rice-leading device 1 lifts up the garlic seedlings and separates the garlic seedlings within the harvesting width from those outside. At the same time, the digging shovel 9 loosens the soil and cuts off the garlic roots. The clamping and conveying device 8 clamps the whole garlic and pulls it up while conveying it backwards: a soil cleaning device 13 is provided below the front section of the clamping and conveying device 8 to separate the garlic from the soil. The clamping and conveying device 8 conveys the garlic to the seedling cutting device 16 and arranges them in sequence. The cutting knife of the fruit stem separation section cuts off the garlic stems, and the cut garlic heads fall directly into the garlic head conveyor 17. The garlic head conveyor 17 conveys the garlic to the four-hanging woven bags hung on the garlic head collecting device 18. The garlic stems continue to be conveyed backwards and are collected and scattered on the ground by the seedling dropping device 19. After the four-hanging woven bags are full of garlic, the machine stops and replaces new collection woven bags to continue the garlic harvesting operation.

Claims

1. A traction-type large and small row garlic combine harvester, comprising a frame, a wheel assembly is provided at the bottom of the frame, and a suspension shaft assembly is provided at the front of the frame, characterized in that: A harvesting unit frame is provided on the vehicle frame, and the harvesting unit frame is in the form of a frame, and a row alignment device, a clamping and conveying device, and a digging shovel are provided on the harvesting unit frame; The row control device is arranged between the harvesting unit frame and the vehicle frame, and the row control device comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic oil tank, and the hydraulic cylinder is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder; The front top surface of the harvesting unit frame is also provided with a straw guiding device, which includes a floating rod, a straw guiding rod, a bearing, and a baffle. The straw guiding device is rotatably arranged on the front top surface of the harvesting unit frame through the bearing, and the floating rod is elastically connected to the frame; the straw guiding rods are arranged obliquely, and the straw guiding rods correspond to each other in pairs, and the opening is wide in front and narrow in the back; An adjustment rod is provided at the bottom of the frame, and the front end of the adjustment rod is in the form of a digging shovel; A seedling cutting device is provided at the rear of the frame, a garlic conveyor is provided at the bottom of the seedling cutting device, and a garlic collecting device is provided at the end of the conveyor; a seedling dropping device is provided at the rear of the seedling cutting device for collecting dropped seedlings.

2. A towed large and small row garlic combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control center is arranged on the harvesting unit frame, and a seat is arranged in front of the control center.

3. A towed large and small row garlic combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping and conveying device is integrally hinged on the harvesting unit frame, and a lifting rod is provided on the front side thereof. The lifting rod is in the form of a screw sleeve, the sleeve end of which is arranged on the side of the clamping and conveying device, and the screw end is rotatably arranged on the frame.

4. A towed large and small row garlic combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the clamping and conveying device is rotatably provided with a reed-moving device, and the reed-moving device is in the form of a rotatably arranged impeller.

5. A towed large and small row garlic combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: A soil cleaning device is provided at the lower part of the clamping and conveying device. The soil cleaning device comprises a clamping rod and an eccentric block which are arranged opposite to each other. The clamping rod is arranged corresponding to each conveying channel of the clamping and conveying device.

6. A towed large and small row garlic combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arrangement of the seedling cutting device is as follows: the seedling cutting device comprises a cutter motor, an upper cutter, a lower cutter, a clamping mechanism and a hinge; the upper cutter and the lower cutter are arranged on two bases, and the two cutters are arranged opposite to each other; a clamping mechanism is arranged between the two bases.

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