A kind of drainage system of experimental area and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of field drainage. Aiming at the problem that water seepage under the soil is difficult to circulate after a brick-concrete structure test plot is built, resulting in water accumulation in the test plot, a novel test plot drainage system is proposed, which is used for a partition wall separating adjacent test plots in the test area, an outer wall surrounding the test area, and an observation channel with test areas on both sides; the partition wall comprises a partition concrete cushion layer and a partition brick wall, and the outer wall comprises an outer wall concrete cushion layer and an outer brick wall; open ditches close to the outer wall are respectively arranged on both sides of the observation channel, and a hidden ditch is arranged at a portion of the outer wall not adjacent to the observation channel, the hidden ditch is located on the outside of the outer wall, and the outer brick wall is provided with a penetrating drainage hole, and the drainage hole exists at a portion of the outer wall adjacent to the observation channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of field drainage, and in particular relates to a drainage system for an experimental plot. Background Art

[0002] Due to the characteristics of the purple soil in the arid areas of Chongqing, the soil water infiltration capacity is relatively large, and the soil layer is shallow. There are rocks below 70 cm in the test area. After the brick-concrete structure community is built, the soil infiltration water cannot further infiltrate or seep laterally, and can only be confined in each test area, thus forming a water pool, affecting crop growth and test results. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a test plot drainage system, which is used to solve the problem of difficult circulation of water seeping under the soil and water accumulation in the test plot after the brick-concrete structure plot is built.

[0004] The basic scheme of the present invention is: a test area drainage system, including a partition wall for separating adjacent test areas in the test area, an outer wall surrounding the test area, and an observation channel with test areas on both sides; the partition wall includes a partition concrete cushion layer and a partition brick wall, and the outer wall includes an outer wall concrete cushion layer and an outer brick wall; open ditches close to the outer wall are respectively provided on both sides of the observation channel, and a hidden ditch is provided on the part of the outer wall not adjacent to the observation channel, and the outer brick wall is provided with a penetrating drainage hole outside the outer wall of the hidden ditch, and the drainage hole exists in the part adjacent to the outer wall and the observation channel.

[0005] The principles and beneficial effects of the basic solution are:

[0006] 1. Drainage holes are set in the middle and lower part of the outer brick wall to ensure that the water in the test area can be smoothly discharged into the open ditch, improve the activity of water in the test area, avoid water accumulation in the test area, and affect the growth of plants in the test area.

[0007] 2. The water in the test area can also be discharged into the culvert through the drainage holes in the outer brick wall, ensuring that the accumulated water in the test area will not accumulate together, thereby improving the drainage efficiency of the test area.

[0008] Furthermore, an arc-shaped groove is provided on the top of the partition brick wall; and the top of the peripheral brick wall is wedge-shaped facing away from the test area. The design of the arc-shaped groove is conducive to the rainwater on the partition brick wall to be discharged into the open ditch at both ends of the partition brick wall through the arc-shaped groove, ensuring that the rainwater collection area in the test area does not exceed the set area; and when there is no water in the arc-shaped groove, it can also be used as a passage for management personnel to inspect the test area. With the side close to the test area as the inner side and the side away from the test area as the outer side, the top design of the peripheral brick wall ensures that the inner side is high and the outer side is low, so that the rainwater falling on the peripheral brick wall will flow into the side of the peripheral brick wall away from the test area under the action of gravity.

[0009] Furthermore, drainage holes are reserved in the outer brick wall and the partition brick wall during construction. The drainage holes are spaced apart by a distance of two bricks. The height of the drainage holes from the ground is equal to the height of two bricks, and the width of the drainage holes is 2 cm.

[0010] In this scheme, the drainage holes are not formed by drilling holes later, but are reserved and designed when the brick wall is built. Therefore, the inner wall of the drainage hole is relatively smooth and not easy to be attached with moss. The height of the drainage hole is adapted to the plant varieties planted in the experimental plot to ensure the daily water needs of the plants. Considering that soybeans and mustard tubers are usually planted in the experimental plot here, the height of the drainage hole from the ground in this scheme is consistent with the height of two bricks, about 12 cm, which is suitable for the growth of soybeans and mustard tubers.

[0011] Furthermore, the culvert includes four pipes, each of which is provided with a plurality of fine holes, the four pipes are bundled into a square, and the pipes are covered with a double-layer sunshade net.

[0012] The accumulated water in the test plot is discharged into the open ditch and the dark ditch through the drainage holes. The accumulated water seeps into the pipe through the pores and then is discharged along the pipe. The sunshade net covering the pipe is not only used to prevent the accumulated water from evaporating and emitting harmful gases, but also to filter the accumulated water discharged from the test plot to prevent the sediment from seeping into the pipe and clogging the pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer brick wall and the partition brick wall are fixedly provided with a fixed ring on the side close to the experimental area, the fixed ring surrounds the drainage hole, the fixed ring is coaxially provided with an annular slide groove, the fixed ring is connected to a rotating ring, one side of the rotating ring is provided with a protrusion that can slide in the slide groove, and the rotating ring is covered with a filter net.

[0014] This solution is suitable for situations where the water level deviation is large. When in use, the filter net can filter the accumulated water in the test area to prevent the debris mixed in the accumulated water from clogging the chute and prevent mud and sand from entering the pipeline. Workers should pay attention to regular and timely cleaning when using it.

[0015] Furthermore, the rotating ring includes a base ring and an additional ring, the end of the base ring is provided with a protrusion that can slide in the sliding groove, the base ring is provided with a second threaded hole, the additional ring is covered with a filter net, the additional ring is provided with a first threaded hole, and the additional ring is connected to the base ring by screws.

[0016] In this solution, an additional ring with a suitable mesh filter can be selected according to the types of plants planted in the test area, and the additional ring can be connected to the base ring by screws passing through the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole respectively, so that the additional ring can rotate with the rotation of the base ring; when the additional ring is damaged, it can be repaired by replacing the additional ring.

[0017] Furthermore, the edge of the base ring is toothed; the outer brick wall is provided with a driving mechanism, which includes a battery, a rotating motor, a transmission shaft, a gear, and absorbent cotton fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the drainage hole; the battery is a solar panel installed on the outer brick wall; one end of the rotating motor is connected to the negative pole of the solar panel through a wire, and the other end of the rotating motor is connected to one end of the absorbent cotton through a wire, and the other end of the absorbent cotton is connected to the positive pole of the solar panel through a wire; the output shaft of the rotating motor is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is coaxially connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with the tooth portion of the base ring.

[0018] In this scheme, there is water in the drainage hole, which makes the absorbent cotton moist. Since water can conduct electricity, the circuit where the absorbent cotton is located is turned on, and the "solar panel-rotating motor-absorbent cotton-solar panel" circuit is turned on. The rotating motor starts, and the output shaft can drive the transmission shaft and the gear to rotate, and the gear will drive the base ring to rotate; thereby, there is water in the drainage hole, the base ring rotates under the drive of the motor, the base ring drives the additional ring to rotate, and then the debris attached to the additional ring is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force.

[0019] Furthermore, the fixing ring is connected to an L-shaped rod, the end of the horizontal portion of the L-shaped rod is welded to the fixing ring, and the vertical portion of the L-shaped rod is provided with bristles that can contact the filter screen.

[0020] In this solution, there is water in the drainage hole, the motor drives the base ring and the additional ring to rotate, and the bristles of the L-shaped rod contact the outer surface of the additional ring, thereby removing the debris on the additional ring and avoiding clogging of the additional ring itself.

[0021] A construction method for a test plot drainage system comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1, plan the observation channel according to the location of the test area, and ensure that both sides of the observation channel are the test area;

[0023] S2, construct the exterior wall concrete cushion of the exterior wall and the partition wall concrete cushion of the partition wall. The exterior wall concrete cushion and the partition concrete cushion are both reinforced concrete cushions. During construction, ensure that the reinforced concrete cushions of all test areas are on the same horizontal line. The width of the reinforced concrete cushion is 50 cm and the depth is 30 cm;

[0024] S3, build partition brick walls with no gaps between all bricks;

[0025] S4, build the outer brick wall. When building the third layer of bricks, leave a 2cm wide gap between every two bricks. When building the fourth layer of the outer brick wall, leave no gaps between all bricks and lay two steel bars horizontally to reinforce the wall. Two steel bars should be laid every four layers of bricks to reinforce the wall.

[0026] S5, build an open ditch between the observation channel and the outer brick wall, the width of the open ditch is 15cm, and the depth of the open ditch is 12cm;

[0027] S6, a hidden ditch is set on the outside of the outer brick wall which is not adjacent to the observation channel. The steps are as follows:

[0028] S6-1, select the outer brick wall that is not adjacent to the observation channel, open a pre-buried groove on its outer side, and the pre-buried groove and the test area are located on both sides of the outer brick wall;

[0029] S6-2, bundle four pipes into a pipe group, cover the bundled pipe group with a double-layer sunshade net, bury it in the pre-buried groove, and backfill it with soil.

[0030] Furthermore, in S6-2, the pipe is placed at an angle to ensure that the water in the drainage hole can be discharged into the culvert. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a test plot design in a test plot drainage system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Structural diagram of the middle partition wall;

[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Structural diagram of the middle and outer walls;

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 2 and Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the area where the drainage hole is located. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation methods:

[0036] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: partition wall 1, outer wall 2, observation channel 3, open ditch 4, hidden ditch 5, partition brick wall 11, partition concrete cushion 12, arc-shaped groove 13, drainage hole 14, outer brick wall 21, outer wall concrete cushion 22, absorbent cotton 41, rotating motor 42, gear 43, base ring 44, additional ring 45, filter screen 46, L-shaped rod 47, and fixing ring 48.

[0037] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 As shown:

[0038] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the test area is a dryland runoff observation test area, which is a buried observation test area. Especially in Chongqing, it is difficult to drain water around the test area. This plan plans an observation channel between two adjacent test areas, and plans open ditches on both sides of the observation channel that fit the outer wall of the test area. Other outer walls of the test area are equipped with hidden ditches.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, a test plot drainage system includes a test area and an observation channel, the observation channel is located between two test areas; each test area is surrounded by an outer wall 2; each test area has ten test plots, and a partition wall 1 is built between two adjacent test plots. Open ditches close to the outer wall 2 are respectively opened on both sides of the observation channel 3, and a hidden ditch is provided at the part of the outer wall 2 not adjacent to the observation channel 3. The hidden ditch and the test plot are located on both sides of the outer wall, and the outer brick wall is provided with a through drainage hole, and the drainage hole exists at the part adjacent to the outer wall and the observation channel.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the partition wall 1 includes a partition concrete cushion layer 12 and a partition brick wall 11. An arc-shaped groove 13 is provided on the top of the partition brick wall 11, which is conducive to the rainwater on the partition brick wall to be discharged into the open grooves at both ends of the partition brick wall through the arc-shaped groove, ensuring that the rainwater collection area in the test area does not exceed the set area; when there is no water in the arc-shaped groove 13, it can also be used as a channel for management personnel to inspect the test area.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer wall 2 includes an outer wall concrete cushion layer 22 and an outer brick wall 21. The top of the outer brick wall 21 is a wedge-shaped wall facing away from the test area. The outer brick wall 21 is high on the side close to the test area and low on the side away from the test area. Figure 3 The upper end of the outer brick wall is higher on the left side and lower on the right side, so that rainwater falling on the outer brick wall will flow into the side of the outer brick wall away from the experimental area under the action of gravity and reach the outside of the experimental area.

[0042] The outer brick wall 21 is provided with a plurality of drainage holes 14, which are evenly distributed along the outer brick wall 21, that is, the outer brick wall 21 parts on both sides of the observation channel 3 also have drainage holes, through which the accumulated water in the test area can flow into the open ditch through the drainage holes 14. In addition, the drainage holes 14 are preset during the construction of the outer brick wall 21, and the drainage holes 14 are spaced apart by a distance of two bricks, the height of the drainage holes 14 from the ground is equal to the height of two bricks (about 12 cm), and the width of the drainage holes 14 is 2 cm.

[0043] The culvert includes four pipes, each of which is provided with a number of fine holes. The four pipes are bundled in a square shape and covered with two layers of sunshade nets. The accumulated water in the test plot is discharged into the open ditch and the culvert through the drainage holes 14. The accumulated water flows into the pipes through the fine holes through infiltration and then is discharged along the pipes. The sunshade net covering the pipes is not only used to prevent the accumulated water from evaporating and emitting harmful gases, but also to filter the accumulated water discharged from the test plot to prevent the sediment from infiltrating into the pipes and clogging the pipes.

[0044] Drainage holes are set in the middle and lower part of the outer brick wall to ensure that the water in the test area can be smoothly discharged into the open ditch and the hidden ditch, thereby improving the activity of the water in the test area and ensuring that the accumulated water in the test area will not accumulate together, avoiding the problem of water accumulation in the test area and affecting the growth of plants in the test area, and improving the drainage efficiency of the test area.

[0045] The construction method of the above test field drainage system is roughly as follows:

[0046] S1, plan the observation channel according to the location of the test area, and ensure that both sides of the observation channel are the test area;

[0047] S2, construct the exterior wall concrete cushion of the exterior wall and the partition wall concrete cushion of the partition wall. The exterior wall concrete cushion and the partition concrete cushion are both reinforced concrete cushions. During construction, ensure that the reinforced concrete cushions of all test areas are on the same horizontal line. The width of the reinforced concrete cushion is 50 cm and the depth is 30 cm;

[0048] S3, build partition brick walls with no gaps between all bricks;

[0049] S4, build the outer brick wall. When building the third layer of bricks, leave a 2cm wide gap between every two bricks. When building the fourth layer of the outer brick wall, leave no gaps between all bricks and lay two steel bars horizontally to reinforce the wall. Two steel bars should be laid every four layers of bricks to reinforce the wall.

[0050] S5, build an open ditch between the observation channel and the outer brick wall, the width of the open ditch is 15cm, and the depth of the open ditch is 12cm;

[0051] S6, a hidden ditch is set on the outside of the outer brick wall which is not adjacent to the observation channel. The steps are as follows:

[0052] S6-1, select the outer brick wall that is not adjacent to the observation channel, open a pre-buried groove on its outer side, and the pre-buried groove and the test area are located on both sides of the outer brick wall;

[0053] S6-2, four pipes are bundled into a pipe group, and a double-layer sunshade net is wrapped around the bundled pipe group, which is then buried in the pre-buried groove and backfilled with soil; the pipes are placed at an angle to ensure that the water in the drainage holes can be gradually and slowly discharged into the culvert (only applicable to areas with small water level deviation).

[0054] In addition, considering that when the water level deviation is large, the drainage holes placed at an angle will still be blocked and have low drainage efficiency, this scheme also has the following design in areas with large water level deviation to ensure rapid drainage: Figure 4 As shown, a fixing ring 48 is cast with cement on the side of the outer brick wall 21 close to the test area (here, the left side of the outer brick wall 21), the fixing ring 48 surrounds the drainage hole 14, the fixing ring 48 is coaxially provided with an annular slide groove, and the fixing ring 48 is connected to a rotating ring; the rotating ring includes a base ring 44 and an additional ring 45, the base ring 44 is located on the right side of the additional ring 45, the right end of the base ring 44 is provided with a protrusion that can slide in the slide groove, the protrusion is annular and coaxial with the base ring 44, the protrusion and the annular slide groove are connected by a ball bearing, the inner side of the ball bearing is against the protrusion, and the outer side of the ball bearing is against the annular slide groove. The base ring 44 is provided with four second threaded holes, and the additional ring 45 is provided with four first threaded holes. The internal threads of the first threaded holes and the second threaded holes are consistent. The additional ring 45 and the base ring 44 can be connected by tightening four screws, wherein the external threads of the screws are matched with the internal threads of the first threaded holes and the second threaded holes. In this solution, the screws are made of M5 type 304 stainless steel. The additional ring 45 is covered with a filter 46. The mesh of the filter 46 ensures that farmland debris such as plant roots are blocked. For this reason, the size of the filter 46 of each additional ring 45 is inconsistent, and users can choose the corresponding additional ring 45 according to their needs; moreover, the connection between the additional ring 45 and the base ring 44 is through screws, so the connection between the additional ring 45 and the base ring 44 is a detachable connection, ensuring that the additional ring 45 is easy to replace.

[0055] The edge of the base ring 44 is toothed; the outer brick walls 21 are all provided with a driving mechanism, which includes a battery, a rotating motor 42, a transmission shaft, a gear 43, and an absorbent cotton 41 fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the drain hole 14; the battery is a solar panel installed on the outer brick wall 21; one end of the rotating motor 42 is connected to the negative pole of the solar panel through a wire, and the other end of the rotating motor 42 is connected to one end of the absorbent cotton 41 through a wire, and the other end of the absorbent cotton 41 is connected to the positive pole of the solar panel through a wire; the output shaft of the rotating motor 42 is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is coaxially connected to the gear 43, and the gear 43 is meshed with the tooth portion of the base ring 44. In this regard, when in use, there is water in the drainage hole 14, which makes the absorbent cotton 41 moist. Since water can conduct electricity, the circuit where the absorbent cotton 41 is located is turned on, and the circuit of "solar panel-rotating motor 42-absorbent cotton 41-solar panel" is turned on. The rotating motor 42 is started, and the output shaft can drive the transmission shaft and the gear 43 to rotate, and the gear 43 will drive the base ring 44 to rotate; thereby, there is water in the drainage hole 14, the base ring 44 rotates under the drive of the motor, and the base ring 44 drives the additional ring 45 to rotate, and then the debris attached to the additional ring 45 is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force.

[0056] To further ensure that the drain hole 14 will not be blocked, Figure 4 As shown, an L-shaped rod 47 is welded to the left end of the fixing ring 48, the right end of the horizontal part of the L-shaped rod 47 is welded to the fixing ring 48, and the upper end of the vertical part of the L-shaped rod 47 is provided with bristles that can contact the filter screen 46; there is water in the drainage hole 14, and the motor drives the base ring 44 and the additional ring 45 to rotate, and the bristles of the L-shaped rod 47 contact the outer surface of the additional ring 45, thereby brushing off the debris on the additional ring 45 to avoid clogging of the additional ring 45 itself.

[0057] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A drainage system for a test plot, characterized in that: It includes a partition wall for separating adjacent test areas in the test area, an outer wall surrounding the test area, and an observation channel with test areas on both sides; the partition wall includes a partition concrete cushion layer and a partition brick wall, and the outer wall includes an outer wall concrete cushion layer and an outer brick wall; open ditches close to the outer wall are respectively provided on both sides of the observation channel, and a hidden ditch is provided on the part of the outer wall not adjacent to the observation channel, and the hidden ditch is located outside the outer wall; the outer brick wall is provided with a through drainage hole, and the drainage hole exists in the part of the outer wall adjacent to the observation channel; The outer brick wall is fixed with a fixed ring on one side close to the test plot, the fixed ring surrounds the drainage hole, the fixed ring is coaxially provided with an annular slide groove, the fixed ring is connected with a rotating ring, one side of the rotating ring is provided with a protrusion that can slide in the slide groove, and the rotating ring is covered with a filter screen; The rotating ring comprises a base ring and an additional ring, the end of the base ring is provided with a protrusion that can slide in the sliding groove, the base ring is provided with a second threaded hole, the additional ring is covered with a filter screen, the additional ring is provided with a first threaded hole, and the additional ring is connected to the base ring by screws; The edge of the base ring is toothed; the outer brick wall is provided with a driving mechanism, which includes a battery, a rotating motor, a transmission shaft, a gear, and absorbent cotton fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the drainage hole; the battery is a solar panel installed on the outer brick wall; one end of the rotating motor is connected to the negative pole of the solar panel through a wire, and the other end of the rotating motor is connected to one end of the absorbent cotton through a wire, and the other end of the absorbent cotton is connected to the positive pole of the solar panel through a wire; the output shaft of the rotating motor is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is coaxially connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with the tooth portion of the base ring.

2. A test plot drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the partition brick wall is provided with an arc-shaped groove; the top of the peripheral brick wall is wedge-shaped facing away from the experimental plot.

3. The test plot drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer brick wall is reserved with drainage holes during construction, with a distance of two bricks between the drainage holes. The height of the drainage holes from the ground is equal to the height of two bricks, and the width of the drainage holes is 2 cm.

4. The test plot drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dark ditch comprises four pipes, each of which is provided with a plurality of fine holes, and the four pipes are bundled into a square shape, and the pipes are covered with a double-layer sunshade net.

5. The test plot drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing ring is connected with an L-shaped rod, the end of the horizontal part of the L-shaped rod is detachably connected with the fixing ring, and the vertical part of the L-shaped rod is provided with bristles that can contact with the additional ring.

6. A construction method for the drainage system of the test plot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, plan the observation channel according to the location of the test area, and ensure that both sides of the observation channel are the test area; S2, construct the exterior wall concrete cushion of the exterior wall and the partition wall concrete cushion of the partition wall. The exterior wall concrete cushion and the partition concrete cushion are both reinforced concrete cushions. During construction, ensure that the reinforced concrete cushions of all test areas are on the same horizontal line. The width of the reinforced concrete cushion is 50 cm and the depth is 30 cm; S3, build partition brick walls with no gaps between all bricks; S4, build the outer brick wall. When building the third layer of bricks, leave a 2cm wide gap between every two bricks. When building the fourth layer of the outer brick wall, leave no gaps between all bricks and lay two steel bars horizontally to reinforce the wall. Two steel bars should be laid every four layers of bricks to reinforce the wall. S5, build an open ditch between the observation channel and the outer brick wall, the width of the open ditch is 15cm, and the depth of the open ditch is 12cm; S6, a hidden ditch is set on the outside of the outer brick wall which is not adjacent to the observation channel. The steps are as follows: S6-1, select the outer brick wall that is not adjacent to the observation channel, open a pre-buried groove on its outer side, and the pre-buried groove and the test area are located on both sides of the outer brick wall; S6-2, bundle four pipes into a pipe group, cover the bundled pipe group with a double-layer sunshade net, bury it in the pre-buried groove, and backfill it with soil.

7. The construction method of a test plot drainage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S6-2, the pipes were also placed at an angle to ensure that the water in the drainage holes could be discharged into the culvert.

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