A ground-surface follow-up field straw picking and crushing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a ground-surface follow-up profiling field straw picking and crushing device, which comprises a main shaft horizontally arranged on a frame, a plurality of retractable straw crushing components arranged on the main shaft, and crushing radius control components respectively arranged in front of the straw crushing components and controlling the retraction and expansion of the straw crushing components; the straw crushing components are independent of each other and can automatically profile in real time according to any ground shape, and the profiling effect will not be changed due to the lateral undulation of the ground or the inclination of the tractor, and can adapt to various planting modes, and the previous straw can be picked up and crushed without omission and will not cut into the soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a ground-surface follow-up contouring field straw picking and crushing device. Background Art

[0002] Cleaning the straw of the previous crop is a prerequisite for the smooth sowing of the next crop. Among the many straw processing methods, returning the straw to the field as fertilizer has become the main way to utilize straw resources. The straw picker and crusher can efficiently pick up and crush the straw in the field. When used with a seeder, it can complete the straw cleaning and next sowing at the same time. It has broad application prospects, but the field surface is often not a flat surface. When the straw picker and crusher is operating on uneven fields, there will be two types of problems. One is that the straw in the depression cannot be crushed, and the residual straw affects the smooth sowing of the next crop. The other is that the soil on the convex part is hit, causing the straw picker and crusher to wear and increase power consumption.

[0003] The contour-limiting depth method can improve the completion rate of straw picking and crushing. The existing technology generally adopts the configuration of front and rear ground wheels for contour-limiting depth. This configuration has the following limitations. First, it can only adapt to the surface undulations in the forward direction of the machine, but cannot adapt to the surface shape fluctuations perpendicular to the forward direction, and the contour-limiting effect is limited. Second, when one side of the tractor is pressed in the groove and tilted, the straw picking and crushing machine will also tilt, thereby affecting the picking and crushing effect. Third, it cannot adapt to the cleaning of straw after the harvest of ridge crops.

[0004] The above problems affect the sowing quality of the next crop in the multi-cropping area. The sowing opener is clogged with straw, and the seeds sown on the straw cannot germinate. Problems such as these are widespread. It is hoped that there will be a technical solution to overcome the above shortcomings in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a surface follow-up contouring field straw picking and crushing device, which utilizes a telescopic variable diameter straw crushing component and a corresponding crushing radius control component to realize automatic stepless adjustment of the length of the picking and crushing knife, thereby achieving full field straw cleaning without cutting into the soil. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0006] A ground-surface follow-up contouring field straw picking and crushing device, characterized in that:

[0007] It includes a main shaft horizontally arranged on a frame, a plurality of retractable straw crushing components arranged on the main shaft, and crushing radius control components respectively arranged in front of the straw crushing components and controlling the retraction and expansion of the straw crushing components;

[0008] Each straw chopping kit includes:

[0009] Two groups of guide rods are arranged at intervals, each group of guide rods includes three or more guide rods which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the main shaft, the axes of which are arranged along the radial direction of the main shaft and are fixedly connected to the main shaft;

[0010] A straw crushing knife is sleeved on the guide rod and can move along the axis direction of the guide rod; a hole cavity for accommodating the guide rod is opened at the tail of the straw crushing knife, a crushing knife head is arranged at the head thereof, and two opposite rotation holes A are arranged on the side facing the other set of guide rods;

[0011] A sliding ring unit is sleeved on the main shaft and located between two groups of guide rods, and the sliding ring unit includes a moving ring movably sleeved on the main shaft and a fixed ring sleeved on the moving ring; a rotating hole B having the same number as the number of the guide rods is opened on one side of the moving ring adjacent to the guide rod, and the rotating hole B is connected to the corresponding rotating hole A of the straw crushing knife through the rod A; a rotating hole C is opened on the fixed ring;

[0012] The crushing radius control component includes a contour wheel, a rocker arm, a support arm and a rod B; the rocker arm is arranged to be tilted backward, and the top end is rotatably connected to the frame; the contour wheel is installed at the bottom end of the rocker arm; the middle part of the rocker arm is rotatably connected to the front end of the support arm, and the rear end of the support arm is rotatably connected to the front ends of the two rods B; the rear end of the rod B is rotatably connected to the rotating holes C on the two fixed rings respectively.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the straw shredder comprises a support, the cavity is provided at the tail of the support, and the shredder head is rotatably connected to the head of the support via a rotating shaft parallel to the main axis.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that two profiling wheels are arranged at the bottom end of each rocker arm, and the profiling wheels are arranged on both sides of the bottom end of the rocker arm; and a straw separating knife is arranged at the bottom end of the rocker arm.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that the main shaft is connected to the power device through a gearbox, the main shaft is installed on the frame through a bearing, the axis of the main shaft is perpendicular to the forward direction of the ground follow-up contour-profiling field straw picking and crushing device; a ground wheel is provided at the rear of the frame.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that a cover is provided on the frame, the cover is located above the main shaft, and a tripod is provided on the frame.

[0017] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0018] (1) Each straw crushing component is independent of each other and can automatically profile any surface shape in real time. The profiling effect will not change due to the lateral undulation of the surface or the tilt of the tractor. It can adapt to various planting patterns, pick up and crush the previous straw without omission and will not cut into the soil;

[0019] (2) The present invention converts the ups and downs of the ground surface into a single-degree-of-freedom movement of the contour wheel, and then performs a single-degree-of-freedom spatial transmission through 6 groups of rods to achieve the telescopic movement of the straw picking and crushing knife, with a compact structure and high transmission effect;

[0020] (3) A purely mechanical structure is used to detect the surface shape in front of the straw crushing component, without relying on automatic control components such as sensors and controllers to perform surface profiling, which has higher accuracy, no delay, and low manufacturing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a side view of the ground-following contour-profiling field straw picking and crushing device;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of installing the straw crushing assembly on the main shaft;

[0024] Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of a single straw crushing component and a crushing radius control component;

[0025] Figure 4 A top view of a single straw crushing assembly;

[0026] Figure 5 The exploded diagram of a single straw crushing component;

[0027] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the sliding ring unit.

[0028] Wherein, the accompanying drawings are marked as follows:

[0029] Main shaft 1, straw crushing assembly 2, guide rod 21, straw crushing knife 22, support 221, crushing knife head 222, cavity 223, rotating hole A 224, sliding ring unit 23, moving ring 231, fixed ring 232, rod A 233, rotating hole B 234, rotating hole C 235, crushing radius regulating assembly 3, contour wheel 31, rocker arm 32, support arm 33, rod B 34, straw dividing knife 35, frame 4, ground wheel 41, tripod 42, gearbox 43, cover 44. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described.

[0031] In order to fully understand the present invention, detailed steps and detailed structures will be proposed in the following description to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention may also have other implementations.

[0032] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention includes a ground-surface follow-up field straw picking and crushing device, which includes: a main shaft 1, a plurality of retractable straw crushing components 2, and crushing radius control components 3 corresponding to the straw crushing components 2. The main shaft 1 is arranged in the horizontal direction, and its two ends are mounted on the frame 4 through bearings. Each straw crushing component 2 is arranged on the main shaft 1 at intervals, and is transmission-connected with the crushing radius control component 3 in front of it, so that the crushing radius control component 3 adjusts its diameter according to the undulation of the ground surface. The diameter of each straw crushing component 2 can be infinitely adjusted, and the adjustment process is independent of each other. It can be automatically and real-timely profiled according to any surface shape. The profiling effect will not change due to the lateral undulation of the surface or the tilt of the tractor. It can adapt to various planting patterns, and the previous straw is picked up and crushed without omission and will not cut into the soil.

[0033] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown, each straw crushing assembly 2 includes: two groups of guide rods 21, straw crushing knives 22, and a sliding ring unit 23. Specifically, the two groups of guide rods 21 are spaced apart. Each group of guide rods 21 includes three guide rods 21, and the three guide rods 21 are evenly distributed along the annular direction of the main shaft 1, and the axis is arranged along the radial direction of the main shaft 1. One end of the guide rod 21 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 1.

[0034] like Figure 4 , 5 As shown, each guide rod 21 is provided with a straw crushing knife 22. The straw crushing knife 22 includes a support 221 and a crushing knife head 222. The crushing knife head 222 is rotatably connected to the head of the support 221 via a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft 1. The straw crushing knife 22 can move along the axial direction of the guide rod 21. During the rotation of the main shaft 1, the diameter of the straw crushing assembly 2 can be adjusted by controlling the straw crushing knife 22 to move along the axial direction of the guide rod 21.

[0035] The rear part of the support 221 of the straw pulverizing blade 22 is provided with a cavity 223 for accommodating the guide rod 21, and the diameter and depth of the cavity 223 are adapted to the diameter and depth of the guide rod 21. Two opposite rotation holes A 224 are provided on the side of the support 221 of the straw pulverizing blade 22 facing the other group of guide rods 21, and the axial directions of the two rotation holes A 224 are perpendicular to the axial direction of the support 221 where they are located.

[0036] like Figure 3 , 5 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the two sliding ring units 23 of the straw crushing assembly 2 are located between the two groups of guide rods 21. The sliding ring unit 23 specifically includes a moving ring 231 sleeved on the main shaft 1 and a fixed ring 232 sleeved on the moving ring 231. The moving ring 231 is provided with a rotating hole B 234 having the same number as the number of the guide rods 21 on one side adjacent to the guide rods 21. Each rotating hole B234 is connected to the rotating hole A 224 of the corresponding straw crushing knife 22 through a rod A 233; the fixed ring 232 is provided with a rotating hole C 235.

[0037] The fixed ring 232 of the sliding ring unit 23 is coaxially sleeved with the movable ring 231 and can rotate relative to each other, but the two cannot move relative to each other along the axis direction. The movable ring 231 can move along the axis direction of the main shaft 1, and the movable ring 231 is connected to the corresponding straw crushing knife 22 through three rods A 233. Therefore, when the sliding ring unit 23 moves along the axis direction of the main shaft 1, the movable ring 231 can pull the straw crushing knife 22 to move along the axis direction of the guide rod 21 through the rod A 233. During operation, the guide rod 21, the straw crushing knife 22 and the movable ring 231 rotate with the main shaft 1, while the fixed ring 232 does not rotate with the main shaft 1.

[0038] The fixed ring 232 is used for transmission connection with the crushing radius control component 3. The crushing radius control component 3 adjusts the position of the sliding ring unit 23 in the axial direction of the main shaft 1 by adjusting the position of the fixed ring 232, thereby adjusting the diameter of the straw crushing component 2.

[0039] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the crushing radius regulating assembly 3 includes a contoured wheel 31, a rocker arm 32, a support arm 33 and two rods B34.

[0040] The top of the rocker arm 32 is rotatably connected to the frame 4, and the relative position between the top of the rocker arm 32 and the main shaft 1 remains unchanged. The profiling wheel 31 is installed at the bottom of the rocker arm 32, and the profiling wheel 31 is used to contact the ground surface in order to detect the height of the ground surface. The rocker arm 32 is set to be tilted backward, so that when the ground surface becomes higher, the profiling wheel 31 drives the rocker arm 32 to swing forward, and when the ground surface becomes lower, it drives the rocker arm 32 to swing backward. The rods of the crushing radius control assembly 3 need to meet the requirement that when the profiling wheel 31 is at the lowest point, the rocker arm 32 is still in a tilted state. The rotating shaft between the top of the rocker arm 32 and the frame 4 is parallel to the main shaft 1.

[0041] The middle part of the rocker arm 32 is rotatably connected to the front end of the support arm 33, and the rear end of the support arm 33 is rotatably connected to the front ends of the two rods B 34; the rear ends of the rods B 34 are rotatably connected to the rotation holes C 235 on the fixed rings 232 of the two sliding ring units 23. The contour wheel 31 is in contact with the ground surface. When the contour wheel 31 drives the rocker arm 32 to swing forward, the rocker arm 32 pulls the two rods B34 through the support arm 33, so that the distance between the two sliding ring units 23 becomes smaller, so that the straw crushing knife 22 shrinks along the axis direction of the guide rod 21, and finally the diameter of the straw crushing assembly 2 is reduced. Similar to the above process, when the contour wheel 31 descends and drives the rocker arm 32 to swing backward, the diameter of the straw crushing assembly 2 becomes larger to adapt to the height of the ground surface.

[0042] In this embodiment, two profiling wheels 31 are arranged at the bottom end of the rocker arm 32 , and the profiling wheels 31 are arranged at both sides of the bottom end of the rocker arm 32 ; and a straw separating knife 35 is arranged at the bottom end of the rocker arm 32 .

[0043] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the direction of the main shaft 1 is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the ground-following contour-forming field straw picking and crushing device of this embodiment, and the length of the main shaft 1 is determined according to the width of the working width. The main shaft 1 is connected to the power device of the tractor through a gearbox 43. A ground wheel 41 is arranged at the rear of the frame 4, a tripod 42 is arranged above the frame 4, and the gearbox 43 is arranged on the tripod 42. A cover 44 is arranged on the tripod 42, and the cover 44 is used to cover the main shaft and the straw crushing assembly 2.

[0044] Before operation, the tripod 42 is connected to the rear suspension of the tractor, the gearbox 43 is connected to the rear power output shaft of the tractor, and the rear suspension of the tractor is set to a floating state so that the contoured wheel 31 and the ground wheel 41 are on the ground.

[0045] During operation, the gearbox 43 drives the main shaft 1 to rotate, the tractor pulls the implement forward, and the straw-splitting knife 35 pushes the straw between the two adjacent groups of guide rods 21 to both sides, so that the straw-crushing knife on the guide rod 21 can crush the straw. The straw-splitting knife can play a role in eliminating the unoperated area. When the surface is flat, the relative position of each profiling wheel 31 remains unchanged, and all the surface straw is picked up and crushed. When the local surface is concave, the profiling wheel 31 at the corresponding position enters the concave part, and the rocker arm 32 swings to the rear of the implement, pushing the two rods B 34 to diverge through the support arm 33, so that the sliding ring unit 23 slides axially to both sides, thereby pushing the straw-crushing knife 22 to slide to the outside of the guide rod 21, increasing the crushing radius. On the contrary, when the local surface is convex, the contour wheel 31 at the corresponding position enters the convex part, the rocker arm 32 swings toward the front of the machine, and the two rods B 34 are pulled together through the support arm 33, so that the sliding ring unit 23 slides axially toward the middle, thereby pulling the straw crushing knife 22 to slide toward the inner side of the guide rod 21, reducing the crushing radius. According to the above principle, the straw crushing assembly can adjust the operating radius arbitrarily according to the undulations of the surface, ensuring that the field straw is fully crushed without cutting into the soil.

[0046] The above describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the devices and structures that are not described in detail should be understood to be implemented in a common manner in the art; any technician familiar with the art can use the above-disclosed methods and technical contents to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes, which does not affect the essential content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ground-surface follow-up field straw picking and crushing device, characterized in that: It comprises a main shaft (1) arranged horizontally on a frame (4), a plurality of retractable straw crushing components (2) arranged on the main shaft (1), and crushing radius control components (3) respectively arranged in front of the straw crushing components (2) and controlling the retraction and expansion thereof; Each straw crushing assembly (2) comprises: Two groups of guide rods (21) are arranged at intervals, each group of guide rods (21) comprises three or more guide rods (21) which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the main shaft (1), have axes arranged along the radial direction of the main shaft (1) and are fixedly connected to the main shaft (1); A straw crushing knife (22) is sleeved on the guide rod (21) and can move along the axial direction of the guide rod (21); a hole cavity (223) for accommodating the guide rod (21) is provided at the tail of the straw crushing knife (22), a crushing knife head (222) is provided at the head thereof, and two opposite rotation holes A (224) are provided on the side facing the other set of guide rods (21); A sliding ring unit (23) sleeved on the main shaft (1) and located between two groups of guide rods (21), the sliding ring unit (23) comprising a moving ring (231) movably sleeved on the main shaft (1) and a fixed ring (232) sleeved on the moving ring (231); a side of the moving ring (231) adjacent to the guide rods (21) is provided with rotating holes B (234) having the same number as that of the group of guide rods (21); the rotating holes B (234) are connected to the corresponding rotating holes A (224) of the straw crushing knife (22) through rods A (233); and a rotating hole C (235) is provided on the fixed ring (232); The crushing radius control component (3) comprises a contour wheel (31), a rocker arm (32), a support arm (33) and a rod B (34); the rocker arm (32) is arranged to be tilted backward, and the top end is rotatably connected to the frame (4); the contour wheel (31) is mounted on the bottom end of the rocker arm (32); the middle part of the rocker arm (32) is rotatably connected to the front end of the support arm (33), and the rear end of the support arm (33) is rotatably connected to the front ends of the two rods B (34); the rear ends of the two rods B (34) are rotatably connected to the rotating holes C (235) on the two fixed rings (232) respectively.

2. The ground-following contour-profiling field straw picking and crushing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The straw crushing knife (22) comprises a support (221), the cavity (223) is provided at the rear end of the support (221), and the crushing knife head (222) is rotatably connected to the head of the support (221) via a rotating shaft parallel to the main shaft (1).

3. The ground-surface follow-up contouring field straw picking and crushing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom end of each rocker arm (32) is provided with two profiling wheels (31), and the profiling wheels (31) are arranged on both sides of the bottom end of the rocker arm (32); and the bottom end of the rocker arm (32) is provided with a straw separating knife (35).

4. The ground-surface follow-up contouring field straw picking and crushing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main shaft (1) is connected to the power device through a gearbox (43); the main shaft (1) is mounted on a frame (4) through a bearing; the axis of the main shaft (1) is perpendicular to the forward direction of the ground follower contour-profiling field straw picking and crushing device; and a ground wheel (41) is arranged at the rear of the frame (4).

5. The ground-surface follow-up contouring field straw picking and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (4) is provided with a cover shell (44), the cover shell (44) is located above the main shaft (1), and the frame (4) is provided with a tripod (42).

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