Yield nodes and arches

Abstract

The present invention provides a yield point and an arch frame, the yield point includes a sleeve, a first pressure plate, a second pressure plate, an elastic body and a support body; the first pressure plate is connected to the sleeve, the second pressure plate is connected to the sleeve, at least one of the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate can slide relative to the sleeve, and the first pressure plate, the second pressure plate and the sleeve form a pressure chamber; the elastic body is placed in the pressure chamber, and one end of the first pressure plate away from the pressure chamber and one end of the second pressure plate away from the pressure chamber are respectively connected to a support body, and the support body protrudes from the end face of the sleeve. The yield point and the arch frame provided by the present application, because the yield point adopts an elastic body, the yield point can produce a certain deformation, and also has a strong pressure resistance, thereby solving the problem of constantly replacing the arch frame.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a yield node and an arch frame. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel construction and underground mineral mining, the original surrounding rock stress will be redistributed. Some surrounding rocks can stabilize themselves after being disturbed, while some surrounding rocks need certain support measures to reach a stable state. For soft rock fracture zones and soft rock bottom layers with large ground stress, the surrounding rock is usually disturbed by multiple excavations and dynamic pressures, resulting in surrounding rock fracture, large loosening zones, and large deformations caused by high ground stress, which generate large loosening and deformation pressures on the structure.

[0003] The larger deformation stress of the surrounding rock produces larger deformation, thus causing structural intrusion. Therefore, in actual projects, the arch frame needs to be constantly replaced to keep the surrounding rock and the supporting structure in a stable state. This not only prolongs the construction period, but also increases the construction cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application hope to provide a yield point and an arch frame to solve the problem that the surrounding rock needs to constantly replace the arch frame.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a yield point, including: a sleeve; a first pressure plate connected to the sleeve; a second pressure plate connected to the sleeve, at least one of the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate can slide relative to the sleeve, and the first pressure plate, the second pressure plate and the sleeve form a pressure cavity; an elastomer placed in the pressure cavity; and a support body, one end of the first pressure plate away from the pressure cavity and one end of the second pressure plate away from the pressure cavity are respectively connected to one of the support bodies, and the support body protrudes from the cross-section of the sleeve.

[0006] Furthermore, the supporting body includes: a steel pipe fixedly connected to the first pressure-bearing plate or the second pressure-bearing plate, the steel pipe protruding from the end surface of the sleeve; and concrete cast and formed inside the steel pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, one of the first pressure-bearing plate and the second pressure-bearing plate is fixedly connected to the sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, the elastic body includes a spring, and two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to or in contact with the pressure plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressure-yielding node also includes a limiting member, which is fixedly connected to one end of the first pressure-bearing plate close to the pressure-bearing cavity; and / or fixedly connected to one end of the second pressure-bearing plate close to the pressure-bearing cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, the spring is sleeved on the limiting member.

[0011] Furthermore, the first pressure plate is fixedly connected to the sleeve, and the second pressure plate is slidably connected to the sleeve; an elongated sliding hole distributed along the axial direction is formed on the sleeve, and the pressure node also includes a sliding block fixedly connected to the second pressure plate, and the sliding block can be slidably placed in the sliding hole, and the second pressure plate is slidably connected to the sleeve via the sliding block.

[0012] Furthermore, the pressure-yielding node also includes a protective tube, which is arranged in the pressure-bearing cavity and fixedly connected to the second pressure-bearing plate. The outer wall of the protective tube contacts the inner wall of the sleeve, and the length of the protective tube is greater than the length of the sliding hole.

[0013] Furthermore, a scale line is provided on the outer wall of the casing or the sleeve near the sliding hole for calculating the pressure value of the yield node.

[0014] Another aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an arch frame for supporting surrounding rock in a tunnel, comprising a frame unit and any one of the yield nodes described above, wherein the yield nodes and the frame units are alternately arranged to form an arch structure, and the support body is connected to the frame units.

[0015] The pressure-yielding node provided by the present application adopts at least one of the first pressure-bearing plate and the second pressure-bearing plate to be slidably connected with the sleeve, and a pressure-bearing cavity is formed between the first pressure-bearing plate and the second pressure-bearing plate and the sleeve. An elastic body is arranged in the pressure-bearing cavity. When the support body is subjected to pressure, the elastic body can produce deformation displacement and have a certain pressure-yielding effect, and at the same time has a strong compressive strength. Therefore, the pressure-yielding node can continuously adjust itself with the change of external force, and is always in a balanced state without the need to constantly replace the arch frame. The arch frame provided by the present application has the same technical effect due to the use of the above-mentioned pressure-yielding node, which will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a yield point in one embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a second pressure-bearing plate and a casing in one embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first pressure plate and the limiting member in one embodiment of the present application; and

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an arch frame provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Description of Reference Numerals

[0021] 100. yield node; 1. sleeve; 11. pressure chamber; 12. sliding hole; 2. first pressure plate; 3. second pressure plate; 31. slider; 4. supporting body; 41. steel pipe; 42. concrete; 5. limiter; 6. elastic body; 61. spring; 7. casing; 101. frame unit; 102. surrounding rock. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, and the detailed description in the specific implementation method should be understood as an explanation of the purpose of the present application and should not be regarded as an improper limitation on the present application.

[0023] The directional terms in the description of this application are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting this application.

[0024] One aspect of the present application embodiment provides a pressure-yielding node. Figure 1 to Figure 3 , the pressure node 100 includes a sleeve 1, a first pressure plate 2, a second pressure plate 3, an elastic body 6 and a support body 4. The first pressure plate 2 is connected to the sleeve 1, and the second pressure plate 3 is also connected to the sleeve 1. At least one of the first pressure plate 2 and the second pressure plate 3 can slide relative to the sleeve 1. The first pressure plate 2, the second pressure plate 3 and the sleeve 1 form a pressure cavity 11, and the elastic body 6 is placed in the pressure cavity 11. One end of the first pressure plate 2 away from the pressure cavity 11 and one end of the second pressure plate 3 away from the pressure cavity 11 are respectively connected to a support body 4, and the support body 4 protrudes from the end surface of the sleeve 1.

[0025] Specifically, when an external force is applied to the support body 4 along the axial direction of the yield point 100, at least one of the first pressure plate 2 and the second pressure plate 3 slides relative to the sleeve 1, and the two produce relative displacement, and the elastic body 6 produces a certain deformation, which causes the elastic body 6 to produce a certain elastic force. When the elastic force reaches a state of equilibrium with the external force, the elastic body 6 stops deforming, and the yield point 100 reaches a stable state. It can be understood that when the external force is relatively large, the elastic modulus of the elastic body 6 must also be large enough to generate a large elastic force when the deformation of the elastic body 6 is small, and the large elastic modulus can prevent the elastic body 6 from failing due to excessive external force.

[0026] In one embodiment, taking the application of the yield point 100 provided in the present application in an arch frame as an example, please refer to Figure 4The arch frame includes a frame unit 101 and any one of the above-mentioned yielding nodes 100, the yielding nodes 100 and the frame units 101 are alternately arranged to form an arch structure, and the supporting body 4 is connected to the frame unit 101. In tunnel construction, the arch frame is used to support the surrounding rock 102 in the tunnel.

[0027] Under the action of external force or due to changes in the surrounding environment, the surrounding rock 102 itself generates certain deformation stress, thereby generating circumferential force on the arch frame. At this time, the elastic body 6 in the compression node 100 is compressed to generate certain deformation, so that the deformation stress in the surrounding rock 102 is released to a certain extent. When the internal stress of the surrounding rock 102 is balanced with the elastic force of the elastic body 6, the elastic body 6 no longer deforms, and a stable state is reached between the arch frame and the surrounding rock 102. When the stress in the surrounding rock 102 is reduced or eliminated, the elastic force in the compression node 100 is greater than the stress of the surrounding rock 102, prompting the compression node 100 to restore part of the deformation until the elastic force in the compression node 100 and the stress of the surrounding rock 102 reach a new balance. When the surrounding rock 102 generates deformation stress again, the elastic body 6 is deformed again, causing the compression node 100 to move until a new balance is reached again. This process is repeated continuously, and the arch frame and the surrounding rock 102 can always be in a balanced state.

[0028] In addition, the support body 4 can withstand pressure in all directions and has strong support capability. The sleeve 1 also has a certain strength. Preferably, the sleeve 1 is made of steel so that the yield point 100 has a certain bending deformation resistance to withstand a certain stress along the radial direction of the arch.

[0029] The yielding node provided in the present application adopts an elastic body 6. When the surrounding rock 102 generates deformation stress, the yielding node first generates a certain deformation, so that the deformation stress of the surrounding rock 102 is released to a certain extent. Then, by using its own strong supporting ability, a state of equilibrium is reached between the arch frame and the surrounding rock 102, that is, first yielding and then resisting compression, so that a stable state is maintained between the surrounding rock 102 and the arch frame, thereby solving the problem of the need to constantly replace the arch frame.

[0030] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 The support body 4 of the pressure-yielding node 100 provided in the present application includes a steel pipe 41 and concrete 42. The steel pipe 41 is fixedly connected to the first pressure-bearing plate 2 or the second pressure-bearing plate 3. The steel pipe 41 protrudes from the end surface of the sleeve 1, and the concrete 42 is cast and formed inside the steel pipe 41. In this way, the concrete 42 has a strong compressive resistance, and the steel pipe 41 has a strong tensile resistance. Under the action of external pressure, the cooperation of the two makes up for each other's shortcomings and highlights their respective advantages, so that the strength of each material can be better exerted. And the strong support capacity of the reinforced concrete cooperates with the pressure-yielding effect of the elastic body 6, so that the pressure-yielding node 100 not only has a strong support capacity, but also has a certain pressure-yielding effect.

[0031] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 In the pressure node 100 provided in the present application, one of the first pressure plate 2 and the second pressure plate 3 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 1. At this time, the other of the first pressure plate 2 and the second pressure plate 3 can slide relative to the sleeve 1. In this way, when the elastomer 6 is deformed, only one of the first pressure plate 2 and the second pressure plate 3 can move relative to the sleeve 1, thereby avoiding excessive displacement of the two sliding in one direction in the sleeve, and the support body 4 cannot provide effective support.

[0032] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 In the yield node provided by the present application, the elastic body 6 includes a spring 61, and the two ends of the spring 61 are respectively fixedly connected to or in contact with the first pressure-bearing plate 2 and the second pressure-bearing plate 3. At this time, the structure of the elastic body 6 is more compact and simple, and the elastic modulus of the spring 61 is known, and the elastic force of the spring 61 can be calculated according to the deformation of the spring 61, and the stress of the surrounding rock 102 can be calculated.

[0033] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The yield point 100 provided in the present application further includes a stopper 5, which is fixedly connected to one end of the first pressure plate 2 close to the pressure chamber 11. By setting the stopper 5, the deformation of the elastic body 6 can be controlled within a certain range, that is, when the deformation of the elastic body 6 reaches a certain value, even if the pressure continues to increase, the elastic body 6 will not continue to deform. At this time, the elastic force of the elastic body 6 remains unchanged, and the excess pressure is borne by the stopper 5. By setting the stopper 5, the elastic body 6 can be prevented from failing due to excessive deformation.

[0034] Optionally, the limiting member 5 is fixedly connected to the second pressure plate 3 (not shown in the figure), or the limiting member 5 is fixedly connected to both the first pressure plate 2 and the second pressure plate 3. When the limiting member 5 is fixedly connected to both the first connecting plate 2 and the second connecting plate 3, it can play a double protection role to prevent one side from failing and losing the limiting effect on the elastomer 6.

[0035] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 In the yielding node provided in the present application, the elastic body 6 is a spring 61, for example, and the spring 61 is sleeved on the limiter 5. In this way, the limiter 5 can not only control the deformation of the spring 61, but also provide a certain guiding effect for the expansion and contraction of the spring 61, and prevent the spring 61 from bending, twisting, and other deformations.

[0036] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-2In the yielding node provided by the present application, the first pressure plate 2 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 1, the second pressure plate 3 is slidably connected to the sleeve, and the sleeve 1 is formed with an axially distributed long strip sliding hole 12. The yielding node 100 provided by the present application also includes a slider 31 fixed to the second pressure plate 3, the slider 31 can be slidably placed in the sliding hole 12, and the second pressure plate 3 is slidably connected to the sleeve 1 through the slider 31. Specifically, when the elastic body 6 is deformed, the second pressure plate 3 slides relative to the sleeve 1, and the slider 31 moves along the sliding hole 12, so that the second pressure plate 3 and the sleeve 1 can be prevented from getting stuck during the relative sliding process.

[0037] It is understandable that the slider 31 may be formed on the second pressure plate 3 as a part of the second pressure plate 3 , and the slider 31 may also be detachably connected to the second pressure plate 3 , which is selected according to actual application requirements.

[0038] In one embodiment, see Figure 1-2 The yield node provided by the present application further includes a casing 7, which is disposed in the pressure-bearing cavity 11 and fixedly connected to the second pressure-bearing plate 3. The outer wall of the casing 7 contacts the inner wall of the sleeve 1, and the length of the casing 7 is greater than the length of the sliding hole 12. The casing 7 can effectively prevent mud and sand from entering the interior of the sleeve 1. Once mud and sand enter the sleeve 1, it will not only corrode the components in the sleeve 1, but also cause the movement to be unsmooth.

[0039] In one embodiment, the outer wall of the casing 7 of the yield node 100 provided in the present application or the sleeve 1 is provided with a scale line (not shown) near the sliding hole 12, which is used to calculate the pressure value of the yield node. Specifically, the scale line can reflect the deformation of the elastic body 6. The elastic modulus of the elastic body 6 is known, and the elastic force of the elastic body 6 can be calculated according to the specific value of the scale line, thereby determining the axial force of the yield node 100, and then roughly calculating the surrounding rock stress. Furthermore, the scale line can be a specific pressure value of the elastic body 6 under a specific deformation that has been calculated. In this way, the axial force of the yield node can be obtained by reading it without calculation.

[0040] Another aspect of the present application provides an arch frame for supporting surrounding rock 102 in a tunnel, see Figure 4 The arch frame includes an arch frame unit 101 and any one of the yield nodes described above, the yield nodes 100 and the frame units 101 are alternately arranged to form an arch structure to support the surrounding rock 102, and the support body 4 is connected to the frame unit 101. The frame unit 100 is, for example, a steel frame with good strength.

[0041] The arch frame provided in the embodiment of the present application has the same beneficial effects as the yield node described in any one of the above items is adopted, and will not be described in detail here.

[0042] In particular, the compression nodes 100 are symmetrically distributed relative to the center plane of the arch frame, see Figure 4 In this way, the deformation of the yield points 100 at both ends of the center plane of the arch can be made as consistent as possible, so that the arch is subjected to more uniform force.

[0043] The various embodiments / implementations provided in this application can be combined with each other without causing any contradiction.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A yield node, characterized in that: include: A sleeve (1), wherein the sleeve (1) is formed with long strip-shaped sliding holes (12) distributed along the axial direction; A first pressure-bearing plate (2) fixedly connected to the sleeve (1); A second pressure-bearing plate (3) is slidably connected to the sleeve (1); the second pressure-bearing plate (3) can slide relative to the sleeve (1); the first pressure-bearing plate (2), the second pressure-bearing plate (3) and the sleeve (1) form a pressure-bearing cavity (11); An elastic body (6) is placed in the pressure-bearing cavity (11); a limiter (5), fixedly connected to one end of the first pressure-bearing plate (2) close to the pressure-bearing cavity (11), and / or fixedly connected to one end of the second pressure-bearing plate (3) close to the pressure-bearing cavity (11), and used to limit the maximum deformation of the elastic body under compression; A support body (4), wherein one end of the first pressure-bearing plate (2) away from the pressure-bearing cavity (11) and one end of the second pressure-bearing plate (3) away from the pressure-bearing cavity (11) are respectively connected to one of the support bodies (4), and the support bodies (4) protrude from the end surface of the sleeve (1); wherein the support body (4) comprises a steel pipe (41) and concrete (42); the steel pipe (41) is fixedly connected to the first pressure-bearing plate (2) or the second pressure-bearing plate (3), and the steel pipe (41) protrudes from the end surface of the sleeve (1); and the concrete (42) is cast and formed inside the steel pipe (41); a slider (31), the slider (31) being fixedly connected to the second pressure-bearing plate (3) and slidably disposed in the slide hole (12), the second pressure-bearing plate (3) being slidably connected to the sleeve (1) via the slider (31); and A protective tube (7), wherein the protective tube (7) is arranged in the pressure-bearing cavity (11) and is fixedly connected to the second pressure-bearing plate (3); the outer wall of the protective tube (7) contacts the inner wall of the sleeve (1); the length of the protective tube (7) is greater than the length of the sliding hole (12); and a scale line is arranged on the outer wall of the protective tube (7) or the sleeve (1) adjacent to the sliding hole (12) for calculating the pressure value of the yield point; Wherein, the elastic body (6) includes a spring (61), and the spring (61) is mounted on the limit member (5), and the two ends of the spring (61) are respectively fixedly connected or abutted with the first pressure plate (2) and the second pressure plate (3); the scale line is a specific pressure value of the elastic body under a specific deformation amount that has been calculated.

2. An arch frame for supporting surrounding rock (102) in a tunnel, characterized in that: It comprises a frame unit (101) and the pressure-releasing node according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-releasing node (100) and the frame unit (101) are alternately arranged to form an arch structure, and the supporting body (4) is connected to the frame unit (101).

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