Automatic clamping and centering system and method for CNC wheel lathe

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic clamping and centering system and method for a CNC wheel lathe, which belongs to the technical field of CNC lathes, and includes a jack, a machine tool base and two headstocks, wherein the headstock and the jack are arranged on the machine tool base, the jack is arranged between the two headstocks, the top of the jack is used to place the wheel pair to be processed, and the sides of the two headstocks close to the jack are provided with a top. The system also includes a hydraulic servo drive device, a first height positioning unit, a second height positioning unit and a CNC unit; the hydraulic servo drive device is connected to the output end of the CNC unit, and the power output end of the hydraulic servo drive device is connected to the jack; the output ends of the first height positioning unit and the second height positioning unit are connected to the CNC unit, the first height positioning unit is arranged at the upper part of the headstock close to the side of the wheel pair to be processed, and the second height positioning unit is arranged on the jack. The present invention can realize the automatic centering of the wheel pair to be processed, complete the automatic clamping of the machine tool, and has high centering efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled lathes, and in particular to an automatic clamping and centering system and method for a numerically controlled wheel lathe. Background Art

[0002] The CNC wheel lathe is a special lathe used for the processing and maintenance of railway train wheelsets. During the processing and maintenance of railway train wheelsets, it is necessary to realize the centering of the wheelsets clamped on the wheel lathe.

[0003] The existing wheel lathes are basically manually clamped for wheelsets, which are mainly done by pushing the processed wheelset to the wheelset clamping position on the lathe, manually operating the jack to lift the wheelset, and visually observing that the center hole of the wheelset shaft is highly aligned with the left and right top positions. Then, the jack is stopped, and the left and right sleeve tops are manually extended to tighten the center hole of the wheelset shaft. The manual jack is then lowered to complete the alignment of the wheelset clamping.

[0004] The above-mentioned wheel lathe clamping wheelset method is based on manual visual judgment, which is prone to misalignment, thereby increasing the workload of workers, failing to achieve automated clamping of the machine tool, and having extremely low work efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of difficulty in centering wheelsets and low working efficiency in the prior art of wheel lathes, and to provide an automatic clamping and centering system and method for a CNC wheel lathe.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an automatic clamping and centering system for a CNC wheel lathe, the system specifically comprising a left headstock, a right headstock, a jack and a machine tool base, the left headstock, the right headstock and the jack being arranged on the machine tool base, the jack being arranged between the left headstock and the right headstock, the top of the jack being used for placing the wheelset to be processed, the sides of the left headstock and the right headstock close to the jack are both provided with a top; it is characterized in that: the system also comprises a hydraulic servo drive device, a first height positioning unit, a second height positioning unit and a CNC unit; the hydraulic servo drive device is connected to the output end of the CNC unit, and the power output end of the hydraulic servo drive device is connected to the jack; the output ends of the first height positioning unit and the second height positioning unit are connected to the CNC unit, the first height positioning unit is arranged at the upper part of the side of the headstock close to the wheelset to be processed, and the second height positioning unit is arranged on the jack.

[0007] Specifically, the first height positioning unit includes a signal transmitting module and a signal receiving module. The signal transmitting module is specifically a photoelectric transmitter, and the signal receiving module is specifically a photoelectric receiver.

[0008] Specifically, the second height positioning unit is a coding sensor, which is used to detect the lifting height of the jack.

[0009] Specifically, the system further includes a transformer and a switching power supply. The transformer is connected to the mains output terminal. The transformer output terminal is connected to the switching power supply. The switching power supply is connected to the first height positioning unit and the numerical control unit.

[0010] Specifically, the numerical control unit includes a control module, and the control module is specifically a PLC; the output ends of the first height positioning unit and the second height positioning unit are connected to the control module, and the hydraulic servo drive device is connected to the output end of the control module.

[0011] Specifically, the control unit further includes an alarm module, and the alarm module is connected to the output end of the control unit.

[0012] Specifically, the wheelset to be processed also includes a center axis of the wheelset to be processed, which is used to align with the top point on the headstock.

[0013] The present invention also includes a method for automatically clamping and centering a system of a numerically controlled wheel lathe, the method comprising the following steps:

[0014] The numerical control unit determines whether the wheelset to be processed has reached a predetermined height h1 according to the first height positioning unit. If reached, the numerical control unit controls the hydraulic servo drive device to stop at the current height; obtains the rising height h3 of the jack according to the second height positioning unit; controls the hydraulic servo drive device to adjust the height of the jack according to the heights h1 and h3, thereby realizing automatic centering of the wheelset to be processed.

[0015] Specifically, controlling the hydraulic servo drive device to adjust the height of the jack according to the heights h1 and h3 specifically includes: calculating the wheel rim radius R of the wheelset to be processed according to the heights h1 and h3, and then obtaining the height h4 of the jack when the axis of the central axis of the wheelset to be processed is the same as the horizontal lines of the two tops on the headstock; judging whether the wheelset to be processed is centered according to the heights h3 and h4.

[0016] Specifically, judging whether the wheel pair to be processed is centered according to the heights h3 and h4 further includes:

[0017] When the numerical control unit determines that the lifting height h3 of the jack with the upper surface of the machine bed base as the base point is greater than the height h4 of the jack when the axis of the center axis of the wheelset to be processed is the same as the horizontal line of the two tops on the headstock, the hydraulic servo drive device is controlled to lower the jack;

[0018] When the numerical control unit determines that the lifting height h3 of the jack with the upper surface of the machine tool bed base as the base point is less than the height h4 of the jack when the axis of the center axis of the wheelset to be processed is the same as the horizontal line of the two tops on the headstock, the hydraulic servo drive device is controlled to raise the jack.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The first height positioning unit of the present invention is arranged at the upper part of the side of the headstock near the wheelset to be processed, and is used to detect whether the wheelset has reached a preset height h1; the second height positioning unit is used to detect the rising height h3 of the jack, and the numerical control unit controls the operation of the hydraulic servo drive device according to the height h1 and h3 information, and then adjusts the height of the jack to realize automatic centering of the wheelset to be processed, thereby reducing the workload of workers, and the entire process is completed automatically, with high centering accuracy and efficiency.

[0021] (2) The numerical control unit of the present invention further comprises an alarm module, which can emit an audible and visual alarm when the wheelset exceeds a preset height or times out, thereby facilitating the automatic centering of the entire wheelset. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The same reference numerals are used in these drawings to represent the same or similar parts. The schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the centering of a horizontal CNC wheel lathe according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the centering of a gantry CNC wheel lathe according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is an electrical schematic diagram of the centering of a horizontal CNC wheel lathe according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the centering method for a horizontal CNC wheel lathe according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: a wheel set to be processed 1, a center axis 1a of the wheel set to be processed, a left headstock 21, a first center 211, a right headstock 22, a jack 3, a machine tool base 4, a first height positioning unit 5, a photoelectric transmitter 51, a photoelectric receiver 52, a second height positioning unit 6, a left tool rest 71, a right tool rest 72, a transformer 8, a switching power supply 9, a numerical control unit 12, and a hydraulic servo drive device 13 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. are directions or positional relationships based on the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] In Example 1, an automatic clamping and centering system for a CNC wheel lathe is provided. The system can be applied to a horizontal or gantry CNC wheel lathe, such as Figure 1 As shown, the horizontal CNC wheel lathe specifically includes a left headstock 21, a right headstock 22, a jack 3 and a machine tool base 4. The headstock and the jack 3 are arranged on the machine tool base 4, and a first center 211 is arranged on the side of the left headstock 21 close to the jack 3, and a second center 211 is arranged on the side of the right headstock 22 close to the jack 31. Furthermore, the wheel set 1 to be processed is placed above the jack 3, and the wheel set 1 to be processed is arranged between the left headstock 21 and the right headstock 22, and the wheel set 1 to be processed includes the central axis 1a of the wheel set to be processed.

[0034] Furthermore, if Figure 2As shown, the gantry CNC wheel lathe specifically includes a left headstock 21, a right headstock 22, a jack 3, a machine tool base 4, a left tool rest 71 and a right tool rest 72. The headstock and the jack 3 are arranged on the machine tool base 4, and the left tool rest 71 and the right tool rest 72 are arranged on the plane formed by the top of the left headstock 21 and the right headstock 22 through a transverse fixing structure, and the bottom surface of the transverse fixing structure is in contact with the top surface of the left headstock 21 and the right headstock 2; the side of the left headstock 21 close to the jack 3 is provided with a first center 211, and the side of the right headstock 22 close to the jack 3 is provided with a second center. Further, the top of the jack 3 is used to place the wheel set 1 to be processed, and the wheel set 1 to be processed is arranged between the left headstock 21 and the right headstock 22, and the wheel set 1 to be processed includes the center axis 1a of the wheel set to be processed.

[0035] Furthermore, the system also includes a first height positioning unit 5, a second height positioning unit 6, a numerical control unit 12, and a hydraulic servo drive device 13. The numerical control unit 12 is connected to the output ends of the first height positioning unit 5 and the second height positioning unit 6, and the output end of the numerical control unit 12 is connected to the hydraulic servo drive device 13.

[0036] Furthermore, the hydraulic servo drive device is specifically a hydraulic servo drive device AS850T, and its power output end is connected to the bottom of the jack 3, which is used to move the jack up and down. The first height positioning unit 5 includes a signal transmitting module and a signal receiving module, and its specific model is E3Z-LT81. The signal transmitting module is specifically a photoelectric transmitter 51, and the signal receiving unit is specifically a photoelectric receiver 51, which is arranged at the upper part of the headstock near the side of the wheelset 1 to be processed, and is used to detect whether the rising height of the wheelset reaches a predetermined height range, so as to be suitable for wheelsets 1 to be processed of different models and sizes. The second height positioning unit 6 is specifically an absolute encoder 6FX2001-5FD25-0AA0 with a DRIVE CLIQ interface, which is arranged on the jack and is used to detect the lifting height of the jack 3.

[0037] Furthermore, the system further comprises a transformer 8 and a switch power supply 9. The transformer 8 is connected to the mains output terminal, the output terminal of the transformer 8 is connected to the switch power supply 9, and the switch power supply 9 is connected to the first height positioning unit 5 and the numerical control unit 12.

[0038] Furthermore, the numerical control unit 12 includes a control module and an alarm module. The control module is specifically a Siemens S7-200PLC. The output ends of the first height positioning unit 5 and the second height positioning unit 6 are connected to the control module. The hydraulic servo drive device 13 and the alarm module are connected to the output end of the control module. The alarm module is specifically an audible and visual alarm, including a light emitting diode SMD0805 and a buzzer CY-12055. The alarm unit can emit an audible and visual alarm when the wheelset exceeds a preset height or times out, facilitating the automatic centering of the entire wheelset.

[0039] The first height positioning unit of the present invention is arranged at the upper part of the headstock near the side of the wheelset to be processed, and is used to detect whether the wheelset has reached the preset height h1; the second height positioning unit is used to detect the rising height h3 of the jack, and the numerical control unit controls the hydraulic servo drive device to work according to the height h1 and h3 information, and then adjusts the height of the jack to realize the automatic centering of the wheelset to be processed, which reduces the workload of the workers, and the whole process is completed automatically, with high centering accuracy and efficiency. The alarm module can send out an audible and visual alarm when the wheelset exceeds the preset height or times out, which is convenient for the automatic centering of the entire wheelset.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment has the same inventive concept as the first embodiment. Based on the automatic clamping and centering system of a CNC wheel lathe in the first embodiment, a method for automatic clamping and centering of a CNC wheel lathe is provided. It should be noted that, in this method, the machine tool coordinate setting of the horizontal CNC wheel lathe is specifically that the jack is lifted and lowered with the upper surface of the machine tool bed base as the reference zero point, and the upward movement is the positive direction. The method specifically includes:

[0042] S01: The first height positioning unit 5 detects whether the wheelset has reached the preset height. If not, the CNC unit 12 controls the hydraulic servo drive device 13 to make the jack continue to rise. If it has reached the height, the CNC unit 12 controls the hydraulic servo drive device 13 to stop at the current height. The preset height is the centerline height h1 from the upper surface of the machine tool bed base to the photoelectric transmitter and photoelectric receiver on the upper part of the left and right headstocks.

[0043] S02: The numerical control unit obtains the rising height h3 of the jack according to the second height positioning unit; wherein h3 represents the lifting height of the jack with the upper surface of the machine tool bed base as the base point;

[0044] S03: The numerical control unit calculates the rising height h4 of the jack 3 when the axis of the center axis 1a of the wheel set to be processed is aligned with the horizontal lines of the two tops on the headstock; wherein, Figure 4 In the figure, L1 represents the horizontal lines of the two top points on the headstock, and L2 represents the axis of the center shaft of the wheelset to be processed.

[0045] S04: The CNC unit determines whether the wheelset to be processed is aligned based on the lifting height h3 of the jack with the upper surface of the machine tool bed base as the base point and the height h4 of the jack when the axis of the center axis of the wheelset to be processed is aligned with the horizontal line of the two centers on the headstock. If not, the hydraulic servo drive device is controlled to adjust the height of the jack. If aligned, the first center and the second center extend out to tighten the wheelset, and the jack is lowered.

[0046] Furthermore, step S03 also specifically includes:

[0047] S031: Calculate the rim radius of the wheelset to be processed; specifically, the calculation formula of the rim radius of the wheelset to be processed is: Among them, the lifting height of the h3 jack is based on the upper surface of the machine tool bed base.

[0048] S032: Calculate the rising height h4 of the jack 3 according to the wheel rim radius of the wheel set to be processed; specifically, h4=h2-R. Wherein, h2 is the height from the upper surface of the machine bed base to the center of the top.

[0049] Furthermore, in step S04, the numerical control unit determines whether the wheel set to be processed is centered, and further comprises:

[0050] S041: When the numerical control unit 12 determines that the lifting height h3 of the jack 3 with the upper surface of the machine tool base 4 as the base point is greater than the height h4 of the jack's rise when the axis of the central axis 1a of the wheelset to be processed is the same as the horizontal line of the two tops on the headstock, the hydraulic servo drive device is controlled to lower the jack 3 until h3 is equal to h4.

[0051] S042: When the numerical control unit 12 determines that the lifting height h3 of the jack 3 with the upper surface of the machine tool base 4 as the base point is less than the rising height h4 of the jack 3 when the axis of the central axis 1a of the wheelset to be processed is the same as the horizontal line of the two tops on the headstock, the hydraulic servo drive device 13 is controlled to raise the jack 3 until h3 is equal to h4.

[0052] The numerical control unit of the present invention detects whether the wheelset to be processed reaches the preset height h1 according to the first height positioning unit, obtains the rising height h3 of the jack according to the second height positioning unit, and controls the hydraulic servo drive device to adjust the height of the jack according to the heights h1 and h3 to achieve the centering of the wheelset to be processed. The whole process is completed automatically with high centering accuracy and efficiency.

[0053] The above specific implementation methods are detailed descriptions of the present invention. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation methods of the present invention are limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic clamping and centering system for a CNC wheel lathe, the system comprising a left headstock (21), a right headstock (22), a jack (3) and a machine tool base (4), wherein the left headstock (21), the right headstock (22) and the jack (3) are arranged on the machine tool base (4), the jack (3) is arranged between the left headstock (21) and the right headstock (22), the wheel pair (1) to be processed is placed above the jack (3), and the sides of the left headstock (21) and the right headstock (22) close to the jack (3) are both provided with a top (211); characterized in that: The system further comprises a hydraulic servo drive device (13), a first height positioning unit (5), a second height positioning unit (6) and a numerical control unit (12); The hydraulic servo drive device (13) is connected to the output end of the numerical control unit (12), and the power output end of the hydraulic servo drive device (13) is connected to the jack (3); the output ends of the first height positioning unit (5) and the second height positioning unit (6) are connected to the numerical control unit (12), the first height positioning unit (5) is arranged on the upper part of the headstock near the side of the wheel pair (1) to be processed, and the second height positioning unit (6) is arranged on the jack (3); The centering method applied to the automatic clamping and centering system of the CNC wheel lathe comprises the following steps: The numerical control unit (12) determines whether the wheel pair (1) to be processed has reached a predetermined height h1 according to the first height positioning unit (5); if reached, the numerical control unit (12) controls the hydraulic servo drive device (13) to stop at the current height; the predetermined height h1 is the height from the upper surface of the machine tool bed base to the center line of the photoelectric transmitter and the photoelectric receiver on the upper part of the left and right headstocks; Obtaining a rising height h3 of the jack (3) according to a second height positioning unit (6); Controlling a hydraulic servo drive device (13) to adjust the height of the jack (3) according to the heights h1 and h3, thereby achieving automatic centering of the wheelset (1) to be processed; The step of controlling the hydraulic servo drive device (13) to adjust the height of the jack (3) according to the heights h1 and h3 specifically includes: The wheel rim radius R of the wheelset to be processed is calculated according to the heights h1 and h3, and the calculation formula is: Then, the height h4 of the jack (3) when the axis of the center axis (1a) of the wheelset to be processed is aligned with the horizontal lines of the two tops on the headstock is obtained, where h4=h2-R, and h2 is the height from the upper surface of the machine bed base to the center of the top; Judging whether the wheel set (1) to be processed is centered according to the heights h3 and h4 comprises: When the numerical control unit (12) determines that the lifting height h3 of the jack (3) with the upper surface of the machine tool bed base as the base point is greater than the height h4 of the jack (3) when the axis of the central axis (1a) of the wheel set to be processed is aligned with the horizontal lines of the two tops on the headstock, the hydraulic servo drive device is controlled to lower the jack (3); When the numerical control unit (12) determines that the lifting height h3 of the jack (3) with the upper surface of the machine tool bed base as the base point is less than the height h4 of the jack (3) when the axis of the central axis (1a) of the wheel set to be processed is aligned with the horizontal lines of the two tops on the headstock, the hydraulic servo drive device is controlled to lift the jack (3); The first height positioning unit (5) comprises a signal transmitting module and a signal receiving module, the signal transmitting module is specifically a photoelectric transmitter (51), and the signal receiving unit is specifically a photoelectric receiver (52); The second height positioning unit (6) is specifically a coding sensor, which is used to detect the lifting height of the jack (3).

2. The automatic clamping and centering system for a CNC wheel lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises a transformer (8) and a switching power supply (9); the transformer (8) is connected to a mains power output terminal; the output terminal of the transformer (8) is connected to the switching power supply (9); and the switching power supply (9) is connected to the first height positioning unit (5) and a numerical control unit (12).

3. The automatic clamping and centering system for a CNC wheel lathe according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The numerical control unit (12) comprises a control module, which is specifically a PLC; the output ends of the first height positioning unit (5) and the second height positioning unit (6) are connected to the control module, and the hydraulic servo drive device (13) is connected to the output end of the control module.

4. The automatic clamping and centering system for a CNC wheel lathe according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The numerical control unit (12) also includes an alarm module, which is connected to the output end of the control module.

5. The automatic clamping and centering system for a CNC wheel lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheelset to be processed (1) also includes a center axis (1a) of the wheelset to be processed, which is used to align with the top point (211) on the headstock.

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