A bone transport device based on intramedullary nail system

Abstract

A bone transport device based on an intramedullary nail system comprises an intramedullary nail, a retractor main nail and a traction rope lock, wherein the intramedullary nail provides stable support for a limb with a bone defect, the retractor main nail passes through the nail hole of the intramedullary nail or is fixed in normal bone at the distal or proximal end of the bone defect via the side of the intramedullary nail, a slideway for the movement of the traction rope lock is arranged in the axial direction of the retractor main nail, the head end of the traction rope lock is fixed on the retractor of the retractor main nail, the tail end of the traction rope lock is extended through the slideway and fixedly connected to the osteotomized active bone block through a drilling hole, the moving retractor drives the traction rope lock to move the osteotomized active bone block, the device utilizes the principle of single-direction winding of the retractor on the retractor main nail, and through the traction rope lock, the severed active bone block is pulled, so that an osteogenic effect occurs between it and the original normal bone tissue, thereby achieving the clinical purpose of bone transport to treat bone defects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a bone transport device based on an intramedullary nail system. Background Art

[0002] Bone defects in the long bones of the limbs are common in severe open comminuted fractures caused by high-energy injuries, post-fracture infection, large-scale sequestrant resection for osteomyelitis, and large-segment bone resection for bone tumor surgery. They are often accompanied by limb shortening, deformity, osteomyelitis, muscle atrophy, and adjacent joint stiffness. It has always been one of the most difficult problems in the field of orthopedics.

[0003] Bone transport is a method of treating bone defects invented by Dr. Ilizarov in the 1970s. It has been gradually used in clinical practice since the 1980s and is known as one of the three major milestone technologies in orthopedics in the 20th century.

[0004] Existing bone transfer technology provides stable support for the limb with bone defect through an external fixator or an intramedullary nail combined with an extension system of the external fixator. The normal bone is then cut off at the upper or lower end of the bone defect. The bioactive bone block after osteotomy is fixed by movable steel pins of the external fixator and moved at a rate of 1 mm per day, so that the bone block gradually interferes with the corresponding broken end of the bone defect, thereby repairing the bone defect.

[0005] The existing external fixator design is bulky and inconvenient for postoperative care, especially when multiple steel needles are used to fix the distal and proximal ends of the bone defect through the skin, which is prone to serious complications such as nail tract infection and joint stiffness. In the early stage of bone transfer, the traction of the Kirschner wire or half nail causes local nerve stimulation, and the edema has not subsided in the early stage of bone transfer, resulting in high local tension. In addition, the transfer of bone segments creates a high-tension environment of excessive nerve traction and local compression; for cases with larger bone defects, the Kirschner wire or half nail cuts the skin during the transfer process. Therefore, whether in the early or long-term bone transfer process, patients will feel severe pain, and even actively request to give up treatment due to unbearable pain. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bone transport device based on an intramedullary nail system to solve the problems existing in the background technology.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention includes an intramedullary nail, a retractor main nail and a traction rope lock. The retractor main nail passes through the nail hole of the intramedullary nail or is fixed in the normal bone at the distal or proximal end of the bone defect through the side of the intramedullary nail. The retractor main nail is provided with a slideway for moving the traction rope lock in the axial direction. The head end of the traction rope lock is fixed on the retractor of the retractor main nail, and the tail end of the traction rope lock is extended through the slideway and fixedly connected to the osteotomized active bone block through a drilling hole. The moving retractor drives the traction rope lock to move the osteotomized active bone block.

[0008] Working principle of the present invention:

[0009] The device utilizes the principle of single-direction winding of the retractor on the main pin of the retractor, and through the retractor rope lock, pulls the severed active bone fragment, causing an osteogenic effect between it and the original normal bone tissue, thereby achieving the clinical purpose of bone transfer to treat bone defects.

[0010] The distal and proximal ends of the bone defect are fixed centrally by the intramedullary nail system. The main retractor nail passes through the nail hole of the intramedullary nail or is fixed to the normal bone at the distal or proximal end of the bone defect through the side of the intramedullary nail. The main retractor nail is provided with a slideway for the movement of the traction rope lock in the axial direction. The head end of the traction rope lock is fixed to the retractor of the main retractor nail, and the tail end is tied and fixed to the osteotomy active bone block through drilling. The moving retractor drives the traction rope lock to move the osteotomy active bone block. Preventing the traction rope lock from irritating the soft tissue during the entire traction osteogenesis process can effectively simplify and painlessly realize the bone transfer technology.

[0011] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0012] 1. The device combines an intramedullary nail with a bone distraction device to maintain osteotomy stability. During the bone transfer process, there is no need to wear a bulky external fixator. During the bone transfer process, the patient can undergo systematic rehabilitation training, thus achieving a simple, effective and painless bone transfer technology.

[0013] 2. In order to further improve the overall stability of the device, the present invention is provided with an anti-rotation nail and an anti-rotation nail fixing device, which can prevent the main nail of the retractor from rotating during the traction process. The universal joint with a locking function can change the angle at which the anti-rotation nail is inserted into the patient's bone according to actual needs, which is more practical.

[0014] 3. After the adjusting screw of the present invention rotates a certain angle, the pulling rope lock will drive the osteotomy active bone block to move. The pulling rope lock can be wound in the spiral winding groove, and the distance and speed of moving the active bone block can be accurately controlled by the scale adjustment dial set at the head end of the pulling sleeve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a connection diagram of the main nail of the retractor, the retracting rope lock and the anti-rotation nail fixing device.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the main nail of the retractor, the retractor rope lock and the anti-rotation nail fixing device.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the connection between the retractor main nail, the retractor rope lock and the anti-rotation nail fixing device.

[0018] Figure 4It is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the retractor main nail and the anti-rotation nail fixing device.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the adjusting rod.

[0020] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A local enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the nail body and the pulling sleeve.

[0022] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the anti-rotation nail fixing device.

[0023] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination between the scale adjustment dial and the reference indication.

[0024] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an anti-rotation nail fixing device.

[0025] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of an anti-rotation nail fixing device.

[0026] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 Cross-sectional view at BB in the middle.

[0027] Fig.13 It is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0028] Fig.14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention installed at a bone defect of a long bone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] See also Figures 1 to 14 As shown, a bone transport device based on an intramedullary nail system includes an intramedullary nail 1, a retractor main nail 2 and a retractor rope lock 3. The retractor main nail 2 passes through the nail hole of the intramedullary nail or is fixed in the normal bone at the distal or proximal end of the bone defect through the side of the intramedullary nail. The retractor main nail 2 is provided with a slideway 25 for the retractor rope lock 3 to move in the axial direction. The head end of the retractor rope lock 3 is fixed on the retractor of the retractor main nail 2, and the tail end of the retractor rope lock 3 is extended through the slideway 25 and fixedly connected to the osteotomized active bone block through a drilling hole. The retractor is moved to drive the retractor rope lock 3 to move the osteotomized active bone block.

[0031] Furthermore, the retractor main nail 2 includes a nail body 20, an adjusting rod 21 and a pulling sleeve 22, the slideway 25 is arranged in the nail body 20, the head end of the pulling rope lock 3 is fixedly connected to the adjusting rod 21, and the adjusting rod 21 cooperates with the pulling sleeve 22 to perform a single-direction irreversible movement along the axial direction of the pulling sleeve 22. The single-direction irreversible movement here means that the adjusting rod 21 always moves forward along the axial direction of the pulling sleeve 22 and cannot move backward, or always moves backward along the axial direction of the pulling sleeve 22 and cannot move forward.

[0032] Furthermore, the adjusting rod 21 is an adjusting screw, and the inner cavity of the pulling sleeve 22 is provided with an internal thread 220 matching the adjusting screw.

[0033] Furthermore, the inner cavity at the end of the pulling sleeve 22 is fixedly connected with a linear bearing 24 , the inner cavity of the linear bearing 24 is axially slidably connected with a one-way bearing 23 , and the end of the adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing 23 .

[0034] Furthermore, the bone traction device also includes an anti-rotation nail 5 and an anti-rotation nail fixing device 4, the head end of the anti-rotation nail fixing device 4 is fixedly connected to the end of the pulling sleeve 22, and the anti-rotation nail 5 passes through the anti-rotation nail fixing device 4 and is fixed to the nail hole of the intramedullary nail 1 or is fixed to the normal bone through the side of the intramedullary nail.

[0035] Furthermore, the anti-rotation nail fixing device 4 includes a universal joint 40 with a locking function and an anti-rotation nail clamp 41, the end of the universal joint 40 with a locking function is fixedly connected to the end of the pulling sleeve 22, and the adjustment end of the universal joint 40 with a locking function is fixedly connected to the head end of the anti-rotation nail clamp 41.

[0036] Furthermore, the universal joint 40 with locking function is a straight rod ball head rod end joint bearing with locking function, which is composed of a straight rod ball head 400 and a shell 401 for the ball head to rotate. Three adjustable studs 402 are evenly arranged in the radial direction of the shell 401. The three adjustable studs 402 lock the straight rod ball head 400 when in the locked state.

[0037] Furthermore, the anti-rotation nail clamp 41 includes a clamp base 410 and a clamp arm 411. The clamp arm 411 and the rear end of the clamp base 410 are hinged by a hinge shaft. The clamp base 410 and the clamp arm 411 are connected by a detachable locking bolt. A clamping groove for clamping the anti-rotation nail 5 is formed between the clamp base 410 and the clamp arm 411.

[0038] Furthermore, the adjusting rod 21 includes a winding area 210 and a pulling area 211, and the outer surface of the winding area 210 is evenly provided with spiral winding grooves 212 extending along the axial direction of the adjusting rod 21, and the width of the spiral winding grooves 212 is equal to the diameter of the pulling rope lock 3.

[0039] Furthermore, the pulling rope lock 3 is a titanium cable, and a clamping block 30 is provided on the pulling rope lock 3. The tail end of the pulling rope lock 3 is fixed on the pulling rope lock 3 through the clamping block 30 after being wrapped around the osteotomy.

[0040] Furthermore, a graduated adjustment disk 222 is disposed at the front end of the pulling sleeve 22, and a reference indicator 221 is disposed at the front end of the adjusting bolt.

[0041] The working principle and use process of this embodiment:

[0042] When in use, the intramedullary nail 1 is fixed to the patient's bone cavity, the distal and proximal ends of the bone defect are fixed centrally, the main retractor nail 2 is passed through the nail hole of the intramedullary nail or fixed to the distal or proximal normal bone of the bone defect through the side of the intramedullary nail, a hole is drilled at the distal or proximal end of the bone defect with a Kirschner wire, and the tail end of the traction rope lock 3 is passed through the Kirschner wire hole and wrapped around the bone segment to be cut off. The fixing method can be locked by using a U-shaped clamp block 30 or by using other clamping mechanisms. Then, osteotomy is performed at the epiphysis, and the bone segment fixed by the end of the traction rope lock 3 is freed into an active bone block that needs to be moved. In order to further improve the overall stability of the device, the anti-rotation nail 5 and the anti-rotation nail fixing device 4 here play an auxiliary fixing role for the main retractor nail 2 to prevent the main retractor nail 2 from rotating during the traction process. The universal joint 40 with a locking function can change the angle of the anti-rotation nail 5 inserted into the patient's bone according to actual needs, which is more practical.

[0043] After the adjusting screw is rotated to a certain angle on the retractor, the adjusting screw will move along the axial direction of the pulling sleeve 22. The one-way bearing 23 set at the rear end of the adjusting screw can ensure that the adjusting screw can make irreversible movement in a single direction. The linear bearing 24 can ensure that the one-way bearing 23 and the adjusting screw can only slide along the axial direction. The axial movement distance of the one-way bearing 23 relative to the linear bearing 24 is equal to the distance of the adjusting screw relative to the pulling sleeve 22. It should be noted that the one-way bearing 23 can only move in the axial direction in the linear bearing 24, and cannot make radial rotational movement. This is limited by the structure of the linear bearing 24 itself. The linear bearing 24 is a prior art. After the adjusting screw is rotated to a certain angle, the pulling rope lock 3 will drive the osteotomy active bone block to move, and the pulling rope lock 3 can be wound in the spiral winding groove 212. The distance and speed of the active bone block movement can be accurately controlled by the scale adjustment disk 222 set at the head end of the pulling sleeve 22.

Claims

1. A bone transport device based on an intramedullary nail system, characterized in that: The invention comprises an intramedullary nail (1), a retractor main nail (2) and a retractor rope lock (3), wherein the retractor main nail (2) passes through the nail hole of the intramedullary nail or is fixed to the normal bone at the distal or proximal end of the bone defect through the side of the intramedullary nail, and the retractor main nail (2) is provided with a slideway (25) in the axial direction for the retractor rope lock (3) to move, the head end of the retractor rope lock (3) is fixed to the retractor of the retractor main nail (2), and the tail end of the retractor rope lock (3) is extended through the slideway (25) and fixedly connected to the osteotomy active bone block through a drilling hole, and the retractor is moved to drive the retractor rope lock (3) to move the osteotomy active bone block; The retractor main nail (2) comprises a nail body (20), an adjusting rod (21) and a pulling sleeve (22); a slideway (25) is arranged in the nail body (20); the head end of the pulling rope lock (3) is fixedly connected to the adjusting rod (21); the adjusting rod (21) cooperates with the pulling sleeve (22) to perform a single direction irreversible movement along the axial direction of the pulling sleeve (22); The adjusting rod (21) is an adjusting screw, the inner cavity of the pulling sleeve (22) is provided with an internal thread (220) matching the adjusting screw, the front end of the pulling sleeve (22) is provided with a graduated adjusting disk (222), and the front end of the adjusting screw is provided with a reference indicator (221); The adjusting rod (21) comprises a winding area (210) and a pulling area (211), and the outer surface of the winding area (210) is evenly provided with spiral winding grooves (212) extending along the axial direction of the adjusting rod (21), and the width of the spiral winding grooves (212) is equal to the diameter of the pulling rope lock (3).

2. A bone transport device based on an intramedullary nail system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity at the end of the pulling sleeve (22) is fixedly connected to a linear bearing (24), the inner cavity of the linear bearing (24) is axially slidably connected to a one-way bearing (23), and the end of the adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing (23).

3. The bone transport device based on the intramedullary nail system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an anti-rotation nail (5) and an anti-rotation nail fixing device (4), wherein the head end of the anti-rotation nail fixing device (4) is fixedly connected to the end of the pulling sleeve (22), and the anti-rotation nail (5) passes through the anti-rotation nail fixing device (4) and is fixed to the nail hole of the intramedullary nail (1) or is fixed to the normal bone through the side of the intramedullary nail.

4. A bone transport device based on an intramedullary nail system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-rotation nail fixing device (4) comprises a universal joint (40) with a locking function and an anti-rotation nail clamp (41), the end of the universal joint (40) with a locking function is fixedly connected to the end of the pulling sleeve (22), and the adjustment end of the universal joint (40) with a locking function is fixedly connected to the head end of the anti-rotation nail clamp (41).

5. The bone transport device based on the intramedullary nail system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The universal joint (40) with a locking function is a straight rod-shaped ball head rod end joint bearing with a locking function, which is composed of a straight rod-shaped ball head (400) and a housing (401) for the ball head to rotate. Three adjustable studs (402) are evenly arranged in the radial direction of the housing (401). The three adjustable studs (402) lock the straight rod-shaped ball head (400) in a locked state.

6. The bone transport device based on the intramedullary nail system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-rotation nail clamp (41) comprises a clamp base (410) and a clamp arm (411); the clamp arm (411) and the clamp base (410) are hinged at their rear ends via a hinge shaft; the clamp base (410) and the clamp arm (411) are connected via a detachable locking bolt; a clamping groove for clamping the anti-rotation nail (5) is formed between the clamp base (410) and the clamp arm (411).

7. A bone transport device based on an intramedullary nail system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The pulling rope lock (3) is a titanium cable. A clamping block (30) is provided on the pulling rope lock (3). The tail end of the pulling rope lock (3) is wound around the osteotomy and then fixed to the pulling rope lock (3) through the clamping block (30).

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