Spirometry test head, spirometry and pulmonary ventilation test unit

Abstract

The present application provides a pulmonary function instrument test head, a pulmonary function instrument and a pulmonary ventilation test unit. The pulmonary function instrument test head includes a pulmonary ventilation test unit and a pulmonary ventilation test unit. The pulmonary ventilation test unit includes a first mounting base and a detachably mounted first breathing duct; an ultrasonic flow sensor is provided inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing duct. The pulmonary ventilation test unit includes a second mounting base and a second breathing duct; a cavity connected to the test gas is provided inside the second mounting base, and the second breathing duct includes a first pipe opening, a second pipe opening for connecting to the cavity and a third pipe opening for connecting to the air; a blocking valve that can selectively block the third pipe opening is provided at the third pipe opening. The second mounting base is also provided with a collection channel that is connected to the pipeline between the first pipe opening and the third pipe opening and collects trace gas in the pipeline. The collection channel is connected to a gas analyzer test device for measuring gas composition and concentration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a pulmonary function test head, a pulmonary function tester and a pulmonary ventilation test unit. Background Art

[0002] Breathing provides oxygen for life activities. Oxygen from the outside world needs to go through two processes, external respiration and internal respiration, before it can combine with hemoglobin in the body. Among them, external respiration refers to the physical respiratory movement of the lungs, which brings fresh air from the outside world into the alveoli. Internal respiration refers to the process in which oxygen in the alveoli diffuses from the alveoli to the capillaries through the alveolar-capillary membrane into the blood and combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells. Therefore, clinical respiratory function tests include external respiration measurement (i.e. ventilation function test) and internal respiration measurement (i.e. diffuse residual gas test).

[0003] The ventilation function of the lungs (i.e., diffusion capacity) directly reflects the oxygenation capacity of the test subject's body. Common clinical interstitial lung diseases (such as pulmonary fibrosis), connective tissue diseases, pulmonary edema, effusion, chest deformity, anemia, congenital heart disease, left heart failure, etc. will affect the effective diffusion area and diffusion distance, resulting in abnormal diffusion capacity. Therefore, hospitals usually need to provide equipment that can measure the ventilation function of the lungs.

[0004] For the determination of pulmonary ventilation function, the standard one-breath method is recommended as the standard determination method internationally due to its good repeatability, accurate and reliable measurement. The specific process of the standard one-breath method is as follows:

[0005] Figure 1 The figure shows the respiratory curve recorded on the flow sensor during the diffuse residual gas test. The vertical axis is volume and the horizontal axis is time. Figure 1 , the subject starts to breathe calmly at position 1, breathing fresh air from the outside. This process can be tested by the flow sensor on the subject's respiratory wave. Once the respiratory wave is stable, the subject is instructed to exhale all the air to Figure 1 During this period, the operator needs to press the air supply button at position 2 in time to ensure that the instrument enters the breathing valve switching state. Once the subject starts to inhale, the breathing valve will immediately switch from the outside air to the breathing bag filled with a special test gas filled with diffuse residual gas. At this time, the subject needs to inhale this special test gas in one breath ( Figure 1The tester should hold his breath for 10 seconds after reaching the total lung volume. At this time, all breathing valves are closed and the subject cannot exhale. After holding his breath for 10 seconds, start exhaling at position 4 and continue to exhale to the residual air position. During the exhalation process, first discard 750 ml (segment vv in the figure), and then collect 750 ml of gas (segment sv in the figure), so as to ensure that the collected gas must be an alveolar mixture. Finally, switch the breathing valve to a state connected to the outside world, and discharge all subsequent exhaled gas into the air. At position 5, the test process ends.

[0006] Most of the test machines on the market are designed according to this working principle. The existing test head includes a differential pressure flow sensor, a breathing valve switching control device and a diffuse gas collection bag. Among them, the differential pressure flow sensor tests the subject's respiratory wave. The breathing valve switching control device controls four pneumatic valves. The first pneumatic valve is a valve connected to the outside world. It opens before the subject's breathing is stable and closes when all the air is exhaled to the residual gas position; the second pneumatic valve is a valve that controls the opening and closing of the test gas of the diffuse residual gas. It opens when the subject starts to inhale and closes when the subject holds his breath. The third pneumatic valve is a valve connected to the outside world. It opens when the subject starts to exhale after holding his breath for 10 seconds, and closes when the exhaled gas reaches 750 ml. The fourth pneumatic valve is the collection bag switch, which opens after the subject exhales 750 ml of gas and closes after 750 ml of alveolar gas is completed. Thereafter, the third pneumatic valve opens to discharge the subsequent exhaled gas of the subject into the air.

[0007] Clinically, respiratory function tests are all performed on the above-mentioned traditional diffusion test head, that is, the test subject is first asked to perform external respiration measurement using a pressure differential flow sensor, and then the internal respiration measurement is started. In fact, the external respiration measurement only requires a flow sensor, but the test subject is tested on the entire test head, which inevitably leads to the following disadvantages:

[0008] 1) The dead space of the system is increased. As the dead space of the system increases, the normal breathing efficiency of the subjects decreases, and the tidal volume needs to be increased to allow the alveoli to obtain the same amount of fresh air;

[0009] 2) There are many valves in the internal breathing measurement airway, which increases the breathing resistance;

[0010] 3) The external respiratory measurement gas circuit and the internal respiratory measurement gas circuit have many common breathing circuits, which increases the risk of cross infection. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a pulmonary function test head, which can fundamentally prevent cross infection, and at the same time has the characteristics of simple structure and improving the breathing efficiency and comfort of the tester during the test.

[0012] The present application embodiment provides a pulmonary function test head, which includes:

[0013] A lung ventilation test unit comprises a first mounting base and a first breathing tube detachably mounted on the first mounting base; an ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base and on an outer wall of the first breathing tube;

[0014] A lung ventilation test unit, comprising a second mounting base and a second breathing circuit detachably mounted on the second mounting base; a cavity connected to the test gas is provided inside the second mounting base, and the second breathing circuit comprises a first pipe opening connected to the outlet of the first breathing circuit, a second pipe opening for connecting to the cavity, and a third pipe opening for connecting to the air; a blocking valve for selectively blocking the third pipe opening is provided at the third pipe opening; a collection channel connected to the pipeline between the first pipe opening and the third pipe opening and used for collecting trace gas in the pipeline is also provided on the second mounting base;

[0015] A sampling tube is connected to the collection channel and is used to connect the collection channel with a gas concentration testing device for measuring gas concentration.

[0016] In the above implementation process, an ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the first breathing circuit in the pulmonary ventilation test unit. Compared with the traditional differential pressure flow sensor, there is no obstacle in the middle of the ultrasonic flow sensor, so the breathing resistance of the subject is very small, making the respiratory function test more real and natural. And the ultrasonic probe does not come into direct contact with the patient. It is outside the breathing duct, and there is only one first breathing circuit in the middle. One is replaced during each test of each subject, thereby eliminating the possibility of cross infection. After the breath holding is completed, the pulmonary ventilation test unit can allow the subject to exhale directly to the outside world, and the gas sampling is obtained by extracting the trace gas inside the second breathing circuit into the rapid gas analysis device of gas concentration and composition. Since there is no need to physically collect the test gas, the present application does not need to set up a bulky and heavy collection air bag, thereby greatly simplifying the structure, reducing the dead space of the system, and improving the breathing efficiency of the subject.

[0017] As can be seen from the above, the pulmonary function test head in the embodiment of the present application sets the first breathing circuit and the second breathing circuit for breathing as replaceable parts, and separates the second breathing circuit from the breathing valve execution part of the test gas. When the pulmonary function test is performed each time, the gas circuit part is replaced. Since there is no common breathing circuit at all, the present application can completely prevent cross infection. It also has the advantages of simple structure, reduced system dead space, and improved comfort of the tester during the test.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the lung ventilation test unit may be provided independently of the lung ventilation test unit.

[0019] In the above implementation process, the lung ventilation test unit is independently provided relative to the lung ventilation test unit. Since the lung ventilation test unit is provided with an ultrasonic flow sensor, the lung ventilation test unit can be used to perform a respiratory flow test alone.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the second mounting base includes a transverse base and a longitudinal base;

[0021] The cavity is arranged inside the lateral base;

[0022] The longitudinal base comprises a first mounting body and a second mounting body which are pivotally connected, and the second mounting body has two working states, namely, open and closed, relative to the first mounting body; when the second mounting body is in a closed state relative to the first mounting body, the two are configured with a mounting cavity capable of accommodating the second breathing tube and limiting the movement of the second breathing tube;

[0023] One end of the transverse base extends into the interior of the first mounting body and is fixedly connected to the first mounting body, and when the second mounting body is in a closed state relative to the first mounting body, the second pipe opening extends into the cavity.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the longitudinal base includes a first end and a second end, the first pipe opening is arranged at the first end of the longitudinal base, and the third pipe opening is arranged at the second end of the longitudinal base;

[0025] An electromagnetic blocker connected to the blocking valve signal is arranged at the second end of the longitudinal base;

[0026] Alternatively, the spirometry test head further comprises a controller for remotely controlling the blocking valve.

[0027] In a possible implementation manner, a sealing device is provided in a gap between the second pipe opening and the cavity.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the second breathing pipeline is provided with a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate;

[0029] The first clamping plate is arranged close to the first pipe opening, and the second clamping plate is arranged close to the third pipe opening;

[0030] The longitudinal base is provided with a first annular groove matched with the first clamping plate, and a second annular groove matched with the second clamping plate.

[0031] In the above implementation process, the first clamp and the second clamp are installed on the second breathing duct, and the second breathing duct can be fixed by fixing the first clamp and the second clamp. After the first clamp is clamped in the first annular groove, the first annular groove limits the movement of the first clamp. Similarly, after the second clamp is clamped in the second annular groove, the second annular groove limits the movement of the second clamp. Therefore, through the combination of a clamp, the first annular groove, the second clamp, and the second annular groove, the second breathing duct can be stably confined in the installation cavity of the longitudinal base without relative movement.

[0032] In a possible implementation manner, a switch mechanism for opening and closing the second installation body relative to the first installation body is provided on the first installation body and the second installation body.

[0033] In a possible implementation, a fixed bracket for supporting the lung ventilation test unit is provided on the lateral base;

[0034] When the lung ventilation test unit is fixed on the fixing bracket, the first breathing circuit and the second breathing circuit are separated by a predetermined distance in the lateral direction, and the setting height of the first breathing circuit is different from the setting height of the second breathing circuit.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the fixed bracket includes:

[0036] a base plate fixed on the transverse base;

[0037] A boss, fixed on the substrate or integrally formed with the substrate;

[0038] A support tube is arranged on the boss and is used to provide a support arc surface that is inserted into the first breathing circuit and supports the lung ventilation test unit.

[0039] In a possible implementation manner, the substrate is fixed to the transverse base via a latch structure.

[0040] In a possible implementation, two sides of the first mounting base are arc-shaped holding surfaces.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the first breathing tube and the second breathing tube are sealed together, and the diameters of the first breathing tube and the second breathing tube are 15-32 mm.

[0042] In the above implementation process, the diameters of the first breathing duct and the second breathing duct are 15-32 mm, which is consistent with the diameter range of the human respiratory tract. Using breathing ducts within this diameter range will not only prevent the tester from feeling any breathing resistance, but also minimize the structure of the first breathing duct and the second breathing duct.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the first breathing tube and the second breathing tube are made of plastic.

[0044] The first breathing duct and the second breathing duct in the embodiment of the present application can completely avoid cross infection because the first breathing duct and the second breathing duct can be completely replaced for different testers. This also determines that the first breathing duct and the second breathing duct are consumables. Therefore, making the first breathing duct and the second breathing duct into plastic products can greatly reduce production costs.

[0045] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a pulmonary function meter, including the pulmonary function meter test head, the gas concentration test device, the controller and the display as described above;

[0046] The gas concentration testing device is in communication with the sampling tube and is connected to the controller;

[0047] The ultrasonic flow sensor in the pulmonary function test head is communicatively connected with the controller;

[0048] The display is connected to the controller.

[0049] In a third aspect, the embodiment of the present application further provides a lung ventilation test unit, which includes a first mounting base and a first breathing tube detachably inserted on the first mounting base; an ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing tube.

[0050] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the pulmonary function test head in the embodiment of the present application sets the first breathing circuit and the second breathing circuit for breathing as replaceable components, and separates the second breathing circuit from the breathing valve execution part of the test gas. When the pulmonary function test is performed each time, the gas circuit part is replaced. Since there is no common breathing circuit at all, the present application can completely prevent cross infection. It also has the advantages of simple structure, reduced system dead space, and improved comfort of the tester during the test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0052] Figure 1 shows a breathing curve graph recorded on a flow sensor during a diffuse residual gas test;

[0053] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a lung ventilation test unit shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first breathing circuit shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a working principle diagram of an ultrasonic flow sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 5 This is the structural explosion diagram of the traditional differential pressure flow sensor;

[0057] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pulmonary function test head shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 7 A partial structural schematic diagram of a pulmonary function test head shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Another view of the spirometer test head shown;

[0060] Fig. 9 This is a structural exploded view of a lung ventilation test unit shown in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pulmonary function meter shown in an embodiment of the present application.

[0062] Icons: 100-pulmonary ventilation test unit; 110-first mounting base; 120-first breathing circuit; 121-avoidance zone; 130-ultrasonic transducer; 200-pulmonary ventilation test unit; 210-second mounting base; 211-lateral base; 212-longitudinal base; 220-second breathing circuit; 221-first pipe opening; 222-second pipe opening; 2221-sealing device; 223-third pipe opening; 230-blocking valve; 240-sampling tube; 250-second mounting body; 260-third A mounting body; 261-mounting hole; 262-dial rod; 263-waist-shaped mounting groove; 264-insertion rod; 270-first clamping plate; 280-second clamping plate; 290-first annular clamping groove; 291-second annular clamping groove; 292-oral pressure sampling Luer interface; 300-electromagnetic blocker; 400-fixed bracket; 410-base plate; 420-boss; 430-support tube; 440-latch structure; 500-gas concentration test device; 510-resistance screen; 600-controller; 700-display. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0064] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0065] The spirometry test head in the present application includes a pulmonary ventilation test unit and a pulmonary ventilation test unit. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lung ventilation test unit shown in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 The lung ventilation testing unit 100 includes a first mounting base 110 and a first breathing tube 120 detachably inserted on the first mounting base 110 .

[0066] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first breathing circuit shown in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The inlet of the first breathing circuit 120 is a trumpet-shaped inlet, which is located outside the first mounting base 110 and is used as a mouthpiece to extend into the tester's oral cavity for the tester to hold. The outlet end of the first breathing circuit 120 is inserted into the first mounting base 110 and extends out from the through hole set on the other end surface, and the outlet end of the first breathing circuit 120 extends out of the first mounting base 110 by a predetermined length, and the outlet of the first breathing circuit 120 can be connected to the lung ventilation test unit 200. An ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base 110 and on the outer wall of the first breathing circuit 120. Correspondingly, the upper and lower parts of the first breathing circuit 120 are provided with avoidance areas 121 corresponding to the ultrasonic flow sensor and arranged in a staggered manner.

[0067] Figure 4 The working principle diagram of the ultrasonic flow sensor shown in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 4The fluid (in the embodiment of the present application, the airflow, the direction of the arrow is the flow direction of the airflow) passes through the first breathing tube 120 and the ultrasonic flow sensor, and a pair of ultrasonic transducers 130 are placed on both sides of the first breathing tube 120, wherein both ultrasonic transducers 130 can be used to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves. The pair of ultrasonic transducers 130 transmit and receive ultrasonic waves alternately or simultaneously in opposite directions, and the flow rate is calculated by detecting the propagation time difference of the ultrasonic wave in the flow medium.

[0068] The propagation of ultrasound must rely on a medium (such as air, etc.). The time required for propagation is completely dependent on the propagation distance L (here determined by the diameter D of the breathing tube and the angle θ between the ultrasound propagation path and the breathing tube) under the condition of constant gas density (in an indoor environment with relatively stable temperature, humidity, and air pressure). Assuming that the time required for the ultrasound to be transmitted from transducer No. 1 to transducer No. 2 is t1, and the time required for transducer No. 2 to transmit the ultrasound to transducer No. 1 is t2, then the specific propagation times are:

[0069] t1=L / (C+V*Cosθ) (Formula 1)

[0070] t2=L / (CV*Cosθ) (Formula 2)

[0071] Among them, C is the speed of ultrasonic wave propagation in still air, that is, the speed of sound, which is about 340 meters per second;

[0072] V is the velocity of the air flow;

[0073] The time difference △t is:

[0074] △t=t2–t1=2L*V*Cosθ / (C 2 -V 2 Cos 2 θ)≈2V*L Cosθ / C 2 (Formula 3)

[0075] From formula 3, the air flow velocity V can be obtained as V = △t*C 2 / (2L*Cosθ) (Formula 4)

[0076] The flow rate Q in the breathing pipe is proportional to the flow velocity in the pipe, so the calculation formula is as follows:

[0077] Q=K*V=K*△t*C 2 / (2L*Cosθ) (Formula 5)

[0078] Where K is a constant, which is related to the pipe diameter and the internal shape of the pipe;

[0079] From the calculation formula of the flow rate Q above, once the sensor is finalized, the gas flow rate Q and the time difference △t are linearly related. Moreover, the physical relationship is very clear, and the coefficient is fixed. Therefore, when the flow rate is stationary, that is, the flow rate is zero, t1=t2, then △t=(t1-t2)=0; when the airflow passes through the pipeline, the ultrasonic wave propagates faster in the same direction as the airflow, while the ultrasonic wave propagates slower in the opposite direction of the airflow, so the time difference △t is completely proportional to the size and direction of the flow rate Q.

[0080] The following introduces the working principle of the traditional differential pressure flow sensor.

[0081] Figure 5 This is the structural explosion diagram of the traditional differential pressure flow sensor. Figure 5 The working principle of the pressure difference flow sensor is to use the pressure difference △P formed on both sides of the screen due to the resistance of the screen when the flow passes through the middle resistance screen 510. This pressure difference △P is linearly related to the direction and size of the airflow within a certain flow range, that is, the flow rate Q = K*△P. The specific data of the coefficient K here needs to be determined through calibration after the sensor is preheated and stabilized.

[0082] The calibration work uses a 3000 ml calibration barrel. After it is fully preheated (usually 30 minutes) and calibrated with environmental parameters (ambient temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure), it is connected to the flow sensor, and attention is paid to factors such as the directionality of the meter, the tightness of the connection, and the horizontal placement of the calibrator and the ground. The calibration barrel is then pushed and pulled to inflate.

[0083] From the above, we can see that the differential pressure flow sensor belongs to analog measurement and needs to be calibrated before use. The measurement process is time-consuming and complicated.

[0084] The lung ventilation test unit 100 in the embodiment of the present application uses an ultrasonic flow sensor. Since the relationship between the flow Q and the time difference △t is clear, there is no need for prior calibration and calibration, and there are no problems such as nonlinear distortion and measurement range limitation of traditional flow sensors. As long as there is a weak airflow, it can be accurately measured. Since there are no obstacles in the middle of the ultrasonic flow sensor, the breathing resistance of the subject is very small, making the respiratory function test more real and natural. In addition, the ultrasonic probe does not directly contact the patient. On the outside of the respiratory duct, there is only a first respiratory circuit in the middle. Each subject is replaced during the test, thereby eliminating the possibility of cross infection. The replaced first respiratory circuit can be cleaned and disinfected by ordinary methods to achieve reuse, greatly reducing operating costs.

[0085] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pulmonary function test head shown in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a pulmonary function test head shown in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Another view of the spirometer test head shown; Fig. 9 This is a structural exploded view of a lung ventilation test unit shown in an embodiment of the present application. Figures 6 to 9 The pulmonary function test head includes a pulmonary ventilation test unit 100 and a pulmonary ventilation test unit 200 .

[0086] The structure of the lung ventilation test unit 100 is shown in Figure 2 . The lung ventilation test unit 200 includes a second mounting base 210 and a second breathing circuit 220 detachably mounted on the second mounting base 210. A cavity connected to the test gas is provided inside the second mounting base 210, and the second breathing circuit 220 includes a first pipe opening 221 that can be connected to the outlet of the first breathing circuit 120, a second pipe opening 222 for communicating with the cavity, and a third pipe opening 223 that can be communicated with the air. A blocking valve 230 that can selectively block the third pipe opening 223 is provided at the third pipe opening 223. The second mounting base 210 is also provided with a collection channel that is connected to the pipeline between the first pipe opening 221 and the third pipe opening 223 and is used to collect trace gases in the pipeline between the first pipe opening 221 and the third pipe opening 223. The outlet of the collection channel is connected to a sampling tube, and the sampling tube is used to connect the collection channel with a gas concentration test device for measuring gas concentration.

[0087] The pulmonary ventilation test unit 200 can be used to perform a diffuse residual gas test. Taking the diffuse residual gas test as an example, the working principle of the pulmonary ventilation test unit 200 is described in detail. In the embodiment of the present application, the second breathing circuit 220 is a detachable component. Before the diffuse residual gas test is not performed, the second breathing circuit 220 may not be installed on the second mounting base 210. When the diffuse residual gas test is required, the second breathing circuit 220 is installed on the second mounting base 210. The second breathing circuit 220 can be considered as a three-way pipe fitting. After the second breathing circuit 220 is installed and fixed, the first pipe mouth 221 of the second breathing circuit 220 extends out of the second mounting base 210 by a predetermined length to connect with the outlet of the first breathing circuit 120, and the second pipe mouth 222 extends into the cavity connected to the diffuse test gas. The blocking valve 230 at the third pipe mouth 223 is in an open state, and the third pipe mouth 223 is connected to the atmosphere.

[0088] When performing a diffusion test, the outlet of the first breathing circuit 120 in the lung ventilation test unit 100 is connected to the first tube opening 221 of the second breathing circuit 220. When both the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are hard tubes, the lung ventilation test unit 100 is connected to the second breathing circuit 220 of the lung ventilation test unit 200 through the first breathing circuit 120.

[0089] Before the tester inhales the diffused gas, the valve for the diffused test gas to enter the cavity is closed, and the tester's breathing path is: the first breathing tube 120 - the pipeline between the first nozzle 221 and the third nozzle 223 in the second breathing tube 220. In this breathing path, the pipeline is connected to the outside air, and the tester can breathe calmly. After the tester breathes steadily and is ready for the test, the blocking valve 230 is closed, that is, the third nozzle 223 is closed, the cavity is connected, and the second breathing tube and the first breathing tube are filled with diffused test gas. The tester's breathing path is changed to: the first breathing tube 120 - the pipeline between the first nozzle 221 and the second nozzle 222 in the second breathing tube 220. The tester holds his breath for 10 seconds after inhaling enough test gas.

[0090] After the breath holding is finished, the blocking valve 230 is opened, and the breathing path of the tester is changed again to: the first breathing circuit 120 - the pipeline between the first nozzle 221 and the third nozzle 223 in the second breathing circuit 220. The pipeline between the first nozzle 221 and the third nozzle 223 is connected to the atmosphere, and the tester exhales and exhales the gas into the atmosphere. When the tester exhales, the cavity is filled with diffuse test gas, so the gas exhaled by the tester will not enter the cavity. At the same time, the gas concentration test device collects the trace gas in the pipeline between the first nozzle 221 and the third nozzle 223 through the sampling tube and calculates the corresponding gas concentration value of the trace gas. The various related test data of the diffuse residual gas test can be obtained through the gas concentration value. At the same time, the ultrasonic flow sensor on the first breathing circuit 120 tests the respiratory flow process of the tester and collects data.

[0091] After the diffuse residual gas test is completed, the pulmonary ventilation test unit 100 and the pulmonary ventilation test unit 200 are separated. The first breathing circuit 120 in the pulmonary ventilation test unit 100 can be taken out from the first mounting base 110, and the second breathing circuit 220 can be taken out from the second base. When the next diffuse residual gas test is performed, the new first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are replaced. Since there is no common breathing circuit with the previous diffuse residual gas test, cross infection is completely eliminated.

[0092] By comparing the present application with the traditional spirometer test head, the pulmonary ventilation test unit 200 of the present application replaces the traditional physical collection with trace gas sampling and removes the sampling air bag for collecting alveolar gas, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0093] 1) Without bulky sampling air bag, the test head structure becomes simple;

[0094] 2) The breathing valve is switched from multiple times to one block and open, which greatly simplifies the gas path structure, greatly improves the stability of the system, and is less prone to failure;

[0095] 3) There is no need to vacuum the gas before collecting it (otherwise the original gas in the bag will mix with the new alveolar gas), which greatly simplifies the workload of the operator;

[0096] 4) When performing the diffusion test, the lung ventilation test unit is installed on the lung ventilation test unit. Since an ultrasonic flow sensor is installed in the lung ventilation test unit, that is, the flow rate in the diffusion test in this application adopts an ultrasonic flow sensor. The use of the ultrasonic flow sensor makes the subject's breathing resistance very small, making the breathing more real and natural.

[0097] 5) Combined with the fast gas analysis device, the test results can be obtained immediately after the diffusion test without waiting for a long time, which improves the test speed;

[0098] 6) The discard volume (standard is 750 ml) and sampling volume (standard is 750 ml) can be adjusted dynamically afterwards, so that patients with vital capacity below 1500 ml can also do standard one-breath diffusion examination.

[0099] In the above implementation process, it can be known that the pulmonary function test head in the embodiment of the present application, by setting the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 for breathing as replaceable components, and separating the second breathing circuit 220 from the breathing valve execution part of the test gas, the gas circuit part is replaced each time the pulmonary function test is performed. Since there is no common breathing circuit at all, the present application can completely prevent cross infection. At the same time, it also has the advantages of simple structure, reduced system dead space, and improved comfort of the tester during the test.

[0100] In a possible implementation, the lung ventilation test unit 100 may be provided independently of the lung ventilation test unit 200 .

[0101] In the above implementation process, the lung ventilation test unit 100 is independently provided relative to the lung ventilation test unit 200. Since the lung ventilation test unit 100 is provided with an ultrasonic flow sensor, the lung ventilation test unit 100 can be used to perform a respiratory flow test alone.

[0102] In a possible implementation, the second mounting base 210 includes a transverse base 211 and a longitudinal base 212. The cavity is arranged inside the transverse base 211. The longitudinal base 212 includes a first mounting body 260 and a second mounting body 250 which are pivotally connected. The second mounting body 250 has two working states, open and closed, relative to the first mounting body 260. When the second mounting body 250 is in a closed state relative to the first mounting body 260, the two are arranged to form a mounting cavity capable of accommodating the second breathing duct 220 and limiting the movement of the second breathing duct 220. One end of the transverse base 211 extends to the inside of the first mounting body 260 and is fixedly connected to the first mounting body 260. When the second mounting body 250 is in a closed state relative to the first mounting body 260, the second nozzle 222 extends into the cavity.

[0103] In the above implementation process, the second breathing duct 220 is a three-way structure, which usually includes a straight line and another straight line located in the middle of the straight line and arranged perpendicularly to the straight line. The transverse base 211 and the longitudinal base 212 in the second mounting base 210 are arranged perpendicularly, and its structure is consistent with the three-way structure. Human body breathes most smoothly in a straight tube, so a longer straight line is arranged on the longitudinal base 212 (the length is opposite to the vertical direction of the human mouth) as the breathing gas path part, and another shorter straight line is inserted into the cavity provided with the test gas, and the line is connected only when the test is performed.

[0104] In order to facilitate the relative fixing of the first installation body 260 and the second installation body 250 together, a switch mechanism for opening and closing the second installation body 250 relative to the first installation body 260 is provided on the first installation body 260 and the second installation body 250 .

[0105] In one possible implementation, see Figure 2 and Figure 3The first mounting body 260 is provided with a mounting hole 261, a lever 262 and a waist-shaped mounting groove 263 where the lever 262 is located. The lever 262 moves in the waist-shaped mounting groove 263, and when it moves to one end of the waist-shaped mounting groove 263 close to the mounting hole 261, the bottom end of the lever 262 extends into the mounting hole 261. A tongue (not shown) is provided at the bottom end of the lever 262. The second mounting body 250 is provided with an insertion rod 264, one end of which is fixed to the second mounting body 250, and the other end of which is provided with a locking gap that cooperates with the tongue. When the second mounting body 250 rotates and docks with respect to the first mounting body 260, the insertion rod 264 is inserted into the mounting hole 261 provided on the first mounting body 260, so that the lever 262 moves to one end of the waist-shaped mounting groove 263 close to the mounting hole 261, and the tongue at the bottom of the lever 262 is embedded in the locking gap of the insertion rod 264, and the insertion rod 264 is restricted by the locking tongue. At this time, the first mounting body 260 is fixedly connected with the second mounting body 250. When the lever 262 is moved to the other end of the waist-shaped mounting groove 263, the tongue no longer restricts the insertion rod 264, and the insertion rod 264 is released from the mounting hole 261, and the second mounting body 250 is unlocked from the first mounting body 260 and can rotate relative to the first mounting body 260.

[0106] It should be noted that the above-mentioned switch mechanism for opening and closing the first mounting body 260 and the second mounting body 250 is only exemplary. The present application does not specifically limit the structure of the switch interface. Any switch structure that can fix the second mounting body 250 to the first mounting body 260 falls within the protection scope of the present application.

[0107] In a possible implementation, the second breathing tube 220 is provided with a first clamping plate 270 and a second clamping plate 280; the first clamping plate 270 is arranged near the first pipe opening 221, and the second clamping plate 280 is arranged near the third pipe opening 223. The longitudinal base 212 is provided with a first annular clamping groove 290 matched with the first clamping plate 270, and a second annular clamping groove 291 matched with the second clamping plate 280.

[0108] In the above implementation process, the first clamping plate 270 and the second clamping plate 280 are installed in the second breathing duct 220, and the second breathing duct 220 can be fixed by fixing the first clamping plate 270 and the second clamping plate 280. After the first clamping plate 270 is clamped in the first annular clamping groove 290, the first annular clamping groove 290 limits the movement of the first clamping plate 270. Similarly, after the second clamping plate 280 is clamped in the second annular clamping groove 291, the second annular clamping groove 291 limits the movement of the second clamping plate 280. Therefore, through the combination of a clamping plate, the first annular clamping groove 290, the second clamping plate 280, and the second annular clamping groove 291, the second breathing duct 220 can be stably confined in the installation cavity of the longitudinal base 212 without relative movement.

[0109] In a possible implementation, the longitudinal base 212 includes a first end and a second end, the first pipe opening 221 is disposed at the first end of the longitudinal base 212, and the third pipe opening 223 is disposed at the second end of the longitudinal base 212. An electromagnetic blocker 300 connected to the blocking valve 230 signal is disposed at the second end of the longitudinal base 212.

[0110] In the above implementation process, the blocking valve 230 is controlled to open and close by the electromagnetic blocker 300 .

[0111] It should be noted that the blocking valve 230 is controlled by the electromagnetic blocker 300 arranged at the second end of the longitudinal base 212 for exemplary purposes only. The blocking valve 230 can also be connected by a controller signal that is remotely connected to the blocking valve 230 and can control the blocking valve 230. That is, the present application does not specifically limit the setting position and structural type of the electromagnetic blocker 300. All structures and setting positions that can control the blocking valve 230 fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0112] In a possible implementation, a sealing device 2221 is provided in the gap between the second pipe opening 222 and the cavity. The provision of the sealed cavity can prevent the test gas in the cavity from entering the pipeline between the first pipe opening 221 and the third pipe opening 223 through the gap between the second pipe opening 222 and the cavity, so as to ensure that when the tester performs a diffusion test, the test gas is only inhaled by the tester through the second pipe opening 222. The sealing device 2221 includes but is not limited to a sealing ring structure.

[0113] In a possible implementation, the cavity is further provided with an oral pressure sampling Luer interface 292, and the sampling tube is connected to the oral pressure sampling Luer interface 292. Through the oral pressure sampling Luer interface 292 and the sampling tube, the oral pressure of the tester can be sampled and the corresponding data value can be calculated in the diffuse residual gas experiment.

[0114] In one possible implementation, a fixed bracket 400 for supporting the lung ventilation test unit 100 is provided on the transverse base 211; when the lung ventilation test unit 100 is fixed on the fixed bracket 400, the first breathing circuit 120 and the second breathing circuit 220 are separated by a predetermined distance in the transverse direction, and the setting height of the first breathing circuit 120 is different from the setting height of the second breathing circuit 220, that is, the setting height of the first breathing circuit 120.

[0115] The lung ventilation test unit 100 in the embodiment of the present application can be independently arranged relative to the lung ventilation test unit 200. If the tester holds the lung ventilation test unit 100 for testing, it is easy for the tester to bend the head for testing. When the tester bends the head, the airway is not fully opened, and the measured data is inaccurate. In the above implementation process, a fixed bracket 400 supporting the lung ventilation test unit 100 is arranged on the lateral base 211. When the lung ventilation test unit 100 is used to perform a respiratory flow test alone, the first respiratory circuit 120 in the lung ventilation test unit 100 is laid flat. In this use state, the tester's airway can be guaranteed to be opened, thereby obtaining a more accurate test result.

[0116] In a possible implementation, the fixed bracket 400 includes a base plate 410, a boss 420 and a support tube 430. The base plate 410 is fixed on the transverse base 211. The boss 420 is fixed on the base plate 410, or is integrally formed with the base plate 410. The support tube 430 is arranged on the boss 420, and is used to provide a support arc surface for inserting with the first breathing circuit 120 and supporting the lung ventilation test unit 100.

[0117] In a possible implementation, the substrate 410 is fixed to the transverse base 211 by a latch structure 440. Since the transverse base 211 is provided with a cavity for accommodating the test gas, the fixed bracket 400 is connected to the transverse base 211 by a connector such as a screw, which may cause leakage of the test gas in the cavity. However, the latch structure 440 is provided on the periphery of the transverse base 211, which will not affect the structure inside the transverse base 211, and can prevent the structure of the transverse base 211 from being damaged, thereby preventing leakage of the test gas.

[0118] In a possible implementation, both sides of the first mounting base 110 are arc-shaped gripping surfaces. The setting of the arc-shaped gripping surfaces conforms to ergonomic design, and the tester has a better gripping experience when holding it, and it is not easy to slip in the hand.

[0119] In a possible implementation, the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 are sealed together, including but not limited to the first breathing tube 120 being sleeved on the second breathing tube 220, or the second breathing tube 220 being sleeved on the first breathing tube 120. The diameters of the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 are 15-20 mm.

[0120] In the above implementation process, the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 are sealed and matched. When performing a diffusion experiment, the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 together constitute a test tube for the diffusion experiment. The diameter of the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 is 15-20 mm, which is consistent with the diameter of the human respiratory tract. Using a breathing tube within this diameter range not only makes the tester feel no breathing resistance, but also can minimize the structure of the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220.

[0121] In a possible implementation, the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 are plastic products. The first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 in the embodiment of the present application can completely avoid cross infection because the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 can be completely replaced for different testers, which also determines that the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 are consumables, so making the first breathing tube 120 and the second breathing tube 220 into plastic products can greatly reduce production costs.

[0122] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a pulmonary function meter. Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pulmonary function meter shown in an embodiment of the present application, see Fig.10 The pulmonary function meter includes a pulmonary function meter test head of the structure as described above, a gas concentration test device 500, a controller 600 and a display 700.

[0123] Among them, the gas concentration testing device 500 is connected to the sampling tube and connected to the controller 600; the gas concentration testing device 500 is used to collect trace gas on the pipeline between the first pipe port 221 and the third pipe port 223 and calculate the concentration of the trace gas, and send the calculated trace gas concentration data to the controller 600.

[0124] The ultrasonic flow sensor in the pulmonary function test head is connected to the controller 600 for communication; the controller 600 can calculate the respiratory flow data according to the data of the ultrasonic flow sensor.

[0125] The display 700 is connected to the controller 600 , and the display 700 is used to display various data calculated by the controller 600 .

[0126] In a third aspect, the present application also provides a lung ventilation test unit. Figure 2 The lung ventilation test unit 100 includes a first mounting base 110 and a first breathing tube 120 detachably inserted on the first mounting base 110. An ultrasonic flow sensor is disposed inside the first mounting base 110 and on an outer wall of the first breathing tube 120.

[0127] The lung ventilation test unit 100 in the embodiment of the present application can be used alone for lung ventilation testing. The use of the ultrasonic flow sensor makes the subject's breathing resistance very small, making the respiratory function test more real and natural. The first respiratory circuit 120 can be replaced according to different subjects, thereby eliminating the possibility of cross infection. In addition, the replaced first respiratory circuit 120 and the second respiratory circuit 220 can be cleaned and disinfected by ordinary methods to achieve reuse, greatly reducing the operating cost.

[0128] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A pulmonary function test head, characterized in that: include: A lung ventilation test unit, comprising a first mounting base and a first breathing circuit detachably inserted on the first mounting base; An ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing tube; A lung ventilation test unit, comprising a second mounting base and a second breathing circuit detachably mounted on the second mounting base; a cavity communicating with the test gas is provided inside the second mounting base, and the second breathing circuit comprises a first pipe opening that can be connected to the outlet of the first breathing circuit, a second pipe opening for communicating with the cavity, and a third pipe opening that can be communicated with the air; a blocking valve that can selectively block the third pipe opening is provided at the third pipe opening; the second mounting base is also provided with a collection channel that is connected to the pipeline between the first pipe opening and the third pipe opening and is used to collect trace gas in the pipeline; the first pipe opening of the second breathing circuit extends out of the second mounting base by a predetermined length to be connected to the outlet of the first breathing circuit; A sampling tube is connected to the collection channel and is used to connect the collection channel to a fast gas analysis device for measuring gas composition and concentration.

2. The pulmonary function test head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lung ventilation test unit may be provided independently of the lung ventilation test unit.

3. The pulmonary function test head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second mounting base includes a transverse base and a longitudinal base; The cavity is arranged inside the transverse base; The longitudinal base comprises a first mounting body and a second mounting body which are pivotally connected, and the second mounting body has two working states of opening and closing relative to the first mounting body; When the second mounting body is in a closed state relative to the first mounting body, the two are configured with a mounting cavity capable of accommodating the second breathing tube and limiting the movement of the second breathing tube; One end of the transverse base extends into the interior of the first mounting body and is fixedly connected to the first mounting body, and when the second mounting body is in a closed state relative to the first mounting body, the second pipe opening extends into the cavity.

4. The pulmonary function test head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The longitudinal base comprises a first end and a second end, the first pipe opening is arranged at the first end of the longitudinal base, and the third pipe opening is arranged at the second end of the longitudinal base; An electromagnetic blocker connected to the blocking valve signal is arranged at the second end of the longitudinal base; Alternatively, the spirometry test head further comprises a controller for remotely controlling the blocking valve.

5. The pulmonary function test head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first mounting body and the second mounting body are provided with a switch mechanism for opening and closing the second mounting body relative to the first mounting body.

6. The pulmonary function test head according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: A fixed bracket for supporting the lung ventilation test unit is provided on the transverse base; When the lung ventilation test unit is fixed on the fixing bracket, the first breathing circuit and the second breathing circuit are separated by a predetermined distance in the lateral direction, and the setting height of the first breathing circuit is different from the setting height of the second breathing circuit.

7. The pulmonary function test head according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixed bracket comprises: a base plate fixed on the transverse base; A boss, fixed on the substrate or integrally formed with the substrate; A support tube is arranged on the boss and is used to provide a support arc surface that is inserted into the first breathing circuit and supports the lung ventilation test unit.

8. The pulmonary function test head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first breathing tube and the second breathing tube are sealed together, and the diameters of the first breathing tube and the second breathing tube are 15-32 mm.

9. A pulmonary function instrument, characterized in that: It comprises a pulmonary function test head, a gas concentration test device, a controller and a display as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; The gas concentration test device is connected to the sampling pipe and to the controller; the gas concentration test device is used to collect trace gas on the pipeline between the first pipe opening and the third pipe opening and calculate the concentration of the trace gas, and send the calculated trace gas concentration data to the controller; The ultrasonic flow sensor in the pulmonary function test head is communicatively connected with the controller; The display is connected to the controller.

10. A lung ventilation test unit, characterized in that: It comprises a first mounting base and a first breathing tube detachably inserted on the first mounting base; an ultrasonic flow sensor is arranged inside the first mounting base and on the outer wall of the first breathing tube; A lung ventilation test unit comprises a second mounting base and a second breathing circuit detachably mounted on the second mounting base; a cavity connected to the test gas is provided inside the second mounting base, and the second breathing circuit comprises a first pipe opening connectable to the outlet of the first breathing circuit, a second pipe opening for connecting to the cavity and a third pipe opening connectable to the air; a blocking valve for selectively blocking the third pipe opening is provided at the third pipe opening; a collection channel connected to the pipeline between the first pipe opening and the third pipe opening and used for collecting trace gases in the pipeline is also provided on the second mounting base; the first pipe opening of the second breathing circuit extends out of the second mounting base by a predetermined length to be connected to the outlet of the first breathing circuit.

Images