Externally heated vertical pyrolysis furnace

Abstract

The present invention discloses an externally heated vertical pyrolysis furnace, which relates to the field of petrochemical technology, and comprises a furnace body, wherein a feed port is arranged at the top of the right end of the furnace body, and a rake is installed below the feed port, a shaft sleeve is connected to the left end of the rake, and a mechanical seal is installed above the shaft sleeve, and a bearing seat is installed on the top of the mechanical seal. In the present invention, the continuous operation of the pyrolysis furnace can be realized by designing a preheating unit and a pyrolysis unit that are connected. The core is to improve the thermal efficiency, reduce the coking and clogging phenomenon, and ensure continuous and stable operation under the condition of airtightness and safety; and the pyrolysis gas generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis in the furnace passes through the pyrolysis gas outlet at the top of the furnace body, and then passes through the furnace wall through the pyrolysis gas inlet pipe and the combustion nozzle connected to the combustion chamber to enter the combustion chamber for combustion, providing a heat source for the pyrolysis furnace for the entire system, saving energy while improving the efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction, and the pyrolysis temperature can adopt low temperature, medium temperature, and high temperature thermal cracking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical industry, in particular to an externally heated vertical pyrolysis furnace. Background Art

[0002] In order to better protect the environment and utilize resources, the disposal of waste has been improved, especially the final disposal of inflammable and explosive hazardous waste such as oily sludge is a pain point at home and abroad. The use of anaerobic thermal cracking is an excellent choice. The pyrolysis furnace can heat carbon, hydrogen, organic matter, etc. in an anaerobic environment to produce physical and chemical reactions, and finally decompose them into solid residues and combustible gas for recycling.

[0003] At present, the existing pyrolysis furnace structure in China is in the form of a rotary kiln, and mainly introduces or imitates foreign technology and processes. However, due to the complex composition of the materials, it is easy to coke and block during the thermal cracking process; the operation is unstable; the equipment is poorly sealed, which easily leads to air entering and causing safety accidents, etc. In view of the above technical difficulties, a new external heating vertical pyrolysis furnace has been developed and designed, which greatly improves the coking and blockage phenomenon, operation stability, practical performance, use efficiency, sealing performance, safety performance and other indicators. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems that the existing pyrolysis furnace structure is in the form of a rotary kiln, and mainly introduces or imitates foreign technology and processes. However, due to the complex material composition, it is easy to coke and block during the thermal cracking process; the operation is unstable; the equipment is poorly sealed, and it is easy to cause air to enter and cause safety accidents, etc., and a new external heating vertical pyrolysis furnace is proposed.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An externally heated vertical pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace body, a feed port is arranged at the top of the right end of the furnace body, and a rake is installed below the feed port, a shaft sleeve is connected to the left end of the rake, and a mechanical seal is installed above the shaft sleeve, a bearing seat is installed on the top of the mechanical seal, and a coupling is arranged on the top of the bearing seat, a reducer is fixed on the top surface of the coupling, a small plate is installed on the inner wall of the furnace body, and a large plate is installed below the small plate, a rake arm is installed below the large plate, and a scraper is fixed below the rake arm, a discharge valve is arranged on the right side of the scraper, and a discharge port is connected to the bottom of the discharge valve An outer tube is installed at the bottom end of the discharge port, and a cooling tube is provided on the inner side of the outer tube, a second inclined plate is installed at the left end of the cooling tube, and a first inclined plate is fixed below the second inclined plate, a support leg is fixed on the left side of the outer tube, and a combustion chamber is provided on the top of the support leg, a burner is installed on the left side of the combustion chamber, and a check valve is installed above the burner, a hot air outlet is fixed to the upper right of the check valve, a pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the top of the left end of the furnace body, and an explosion relief device is installed on the top of the pyrolysis gas outlet, a jacket is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body, and a heat preservation area is installed on the outside of the jacket.

[0007] Preferably, the rake blade forms a rotatable structure with the shaft sleeve and the rotating shaft, and the shaft sleeve is a cylindrical structure.

[0008] Preferably, the rake arm and the scraper are vertically distributed, and the scraper forms a movable structure through the rake arm and the rotating shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the second inclined plate and the first inclined plate are both at an angle of five degrees to the horizontal line, and the second inclined plate and the first inclined plate are symmetrical about the central axis of the outer tube.

[0010] Preferably, the combustion chamber is connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet through a combustion nozzle and a pyrolysis tube, and the pyrolysis gas outlet and the hot air outlet are vertically distributed.

[0011] Preferably, the diameter of the outer tube is larger than the diameter of the cooling tube, and the inner wall of the outer tube fits the outer wall of the cooling tube.

[0012] Preferably, the external heating method may be a combustion chamber heated by natural gas, or a heating method in which an electric heating plate or an electromagnetic heater is directly fixed to the cylinder wall.

[0013] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] 1. In the present invention, the continuous operation of the pyrolysis furnace can be achieved by designing a preheating unit and a pyrolysis unit that are connected. The core is to improve the thermal efficiency, reduce the coking and clogging phenomenon, and ensure continuous and stable operation under the condition of airtightness and safety; and the pyrolysis gas generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis in the furnace passes through the pyrolysis gas outlet on the top of the furnace body, and then passes through the pyrolysis gas inlet pipe through the furnace wall and the combustion nozzle connected to the combustion chamber to enter the combustion chamber for combustion, providing a heat source for the pyrolysis furnace for the entire system, saving energy while improving the efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction. The pyrolysis temperature can be low-temperature, medium-temperature, and high-temperature thermal cracking. The pyrolysis furnace is designed to be composed of upper and lower parts: the upper part is a waste heat preheating unit, and the bottom layer of the preheating treatment system with a 1-multi-layer push scraper structure is composed of a medium- and high-temperature main pyrolysis system. The waste heat utilization reduces energy consumption, effectively solves the coking and clogging phenomena, and can be operated continuously or semi-continuously.

[0015] 2. In the present invention, the preheating unit and the pyrolysis unit are designed to be connected to each other, so that the continuous operation of the pyrolysis furnace can be realized, and the production efficiency is improved. The pyrolysis gas generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis in the furnace is discharged through the pyrolysis gas outlet on the top of the furnace body, and then recovered by condensation treatment or the non-condensable gas is directly burned in the combustion chamber, providing a heat source for the pyrolysis furnace for the entire system, saving energy while improving the efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction.

[0016] 3. In the present invention, a spiral plate is designed in the cooling tube so that the high-temperature solid falling from the discharge port into the cooling tube will not fall out of the cooling tube directly, which is convenient for increasing the cooling time of the solid in the cooling tube, so that the temperature of the solid is completely reduced to below the auto-ignition point, and the safety is effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a local cross-sectional structure in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the local top view structure in the present invention.

[0020] Legend:

[0021] 1. Reducer; 2. Coupling; 3. Bearing seat; 4. Mechanical seal; 5. Feed inlet; 6. Bushing; 7. Rake blade; 8. Furnace body; 9. Jacket; 10. Insulation zone; 11. Rake arm; 12. Scraper; 13. Unloading valve; 14. Unloading port; 15. Leg; 16. Combustion chamber; 17. Burner; 18. Check valve; 19. Large plate; 20. Small plate; 21. Hot air outlet; 22. Pyrolysis gas outlet; 23. Explosion relief device; 24. First inclined plate; 25. Cooling pipe; 26. Outer pipe; 27. Second inclined plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Reference Figure 1-3 An external heating vertical pyrolysis furnace includes a reducer 1, a coupling 2, a bearing seat 3, a mechanical seal 4, a feed port 5, a sleeve 6, a rake blade 7, a furnace body 8, a jacket 9, a heat preservation area 10, a rake arm 11, a scraper 12, a discharge valve 13, a discharge port 14, a leg 15, a combustion chamber 16, a burner 17, a check valve 18, a large plate 19, a small plate 20, a hot air outlet 21, a pyrolysis gas outlet 22, an explosion relief device 23, a first inclined plate 24, and a cooling pipe 2 5, outer tube 26 and second inclined plate 27, a feed port 5 is provided at the top of the right end of the furnace body 8, and a rake blade 7 is installed below the feed port 5, a shaft sleeve 6 is connected to the left end of the rake blade 7, and a mechanical seal 4 is installed above the shaft sleeve 6. Under high temperature conditions, a special mechanical seal 4 structure is adopted to prevent air from entering, improve airtightness and safety, a bearing seat 3 is installed on the top of the mechanical seal 4, and a coupling 2 is provided on the top of the bearing seat 3, a reducer 1 is fixed on the top surface of the coupling 2, a small plate 20 is installed on the inner wall of the furnace body 8, and a large plate 19 is installed below the small plate 20, a rake arm 11 is installed below the large plate 19, and a scraper 12 is fixed below the rake arm 11, a discharge valve 13 is provided on the right side of the scraper 12, and a discharge port 14 is connected to the bottom of the discharge valve 13, an outer tube 26 is installed at the bottom end of the discharge port 14, and a cooling pipe 25 is provided on the inner side of the outer tube 26, a second inclined plate 27 is installed at the left end of the cooling pipe 25, and a second inclined plate 27 is fixed below the second inclined plate 27. A sloping plate 24 is provided, a leg 15 is fixed on the left side of the outer tube 26, and a combustion chamber 16 is provided on the top of the leg 15, a burner 17 is installed on the left side of the combustion chamber 16, and a check valve 18 is installed above the burner 17, a hot air outlet 21 is fixed to the upper right of the check valve 18, a pyrolysis gas outlet 22 is arranged on the top of the left end of the furnace body 8, and an explosion relief device 23 is installed on the top of the pyrolysis gas outlet 22, a jacket 9 is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body 8, and a heat preservation area 10 is installed outside the jacket 9.

[0024] Furthermore, the rake blade 7 forms a rotatable structure with the shaft sleeve 6 and the rotating shaft, and the shaft sleeve 6 is a cylindrical structure. Through the action of the rotating shaft, the rake blade 7 can easily move the materials in the large plate 19 and the small plate 20, so that the materials can be fully preheated.

[0025] Furthermore, the rake arm 11 and the scraper 12 are vertically distributed, and the scraper 12 forms a movable structure through the rake arm 11 and the rotating shaft. The rake arm 11 and the scraper 12 are fixed to facilitate the scraper 12 to play the role of stirring and pushing the material.

[0026] Furthermore, the second inclined plate 27 and the first inclined plate 24 are both at a five-degree angle to the horizontal line, and the second inclined plate 27 and the first inclined plate 24 are symmetrical about the central axis of the outer tube 26. When the solid obtained after the pyrolysis reaction enters the multiple layers of the second inclined plate 27 and the first inclined plate 24 in the outer tube 26 through the discharge port 14, the falling time can be extended to obtain a sufficient cooling effect.

[0027] Furthermore, the combustion chamber 16 is connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet 22 through the combustion nozzle and the pyrolysis tube, and the pyrolysis gas outlet 22 is vertically distributed with the hot air outlet 21. The combustion chamber 16 is connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet 22, and a ceramic filter nitrogen backflush system can be used to allow the pyrolysis gas generated during combustion to enter the combustion chamber 16 through the pyrolysis gas outlet 22, providing a heat source for the pyrolysis furnace for the entire system, reducing the complex water spray system. A non-condensable gas condensation recovery system can also be used for treatment, and the tail gas can be treated separately.

[0028] Furthermore, the diameter of the outer tube 26 is larger than the diameter of the cooling tube 25 , and the inner wall of the outer tube 26 fits the outer wall of the cooling tube 25 , so that the solid obtained after the pyrolysis reaction of the material is cooled when it enters the cooling tube 25 through the action of the cooling tube 25 .

[0029] Furthermore, the external heating type can be a heating form in which the combustion chamber is heated by natural gas, or an electric heating plate or an electromagnetic heater is directly fixed to the cylinder wall.

[0030] Working principle: When in use, the combustion chamber 16 is burned and heated by the burner 17, and the material enters the large plate 19 and the small plate 20 in the upper section of the furnace body 8 through the feed port 5 in the external heating vertical pyrolysis furnace for preheating. The rake blade 7 is used to move the material in the large plate 19 and the small plate 20 through the action of the rotating shaft, so that the material can be fully preheated, and then pass through the pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis reaction. The rake arm 11 and the scraper 12 are fixed to facilitate the scraper 12 to play the role of stirring and pushing the material, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction can be removed from the heat. The degassing outlet 22 is discharged into the combustion chamber 16 at the other end of the pyrolysis tube, providing a heat source for the pyrolysis furnace for the entire system, saving energy while improving the efficiency of the pyrolysis reaction. The solids produced by the reaction are discharged from the furnace body through the discharge port 14 and enter the second inclined plate 27 and the first inclined plate 24 in the outer tube 26. Then, through the cooling tube 25, the multi-layer second inclined plate 27 and the first inclined plate 24, the falling time of the solids can be extended during the falling process, so as to obtain a sufficient cooling effect, so that the solid temperature is completely reduced to below the auto-ignition point, effectively improving safety.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An externally heated vertical pyrolysis furnace, comprising a furnace body (8), characterized in that: A feed port (5) is provided at the top of the right end of the furnace body (8), and a rake blade (7) is installed below the feed port (5). A shaft sleeve (6) is connected to the left end of the rake blade (7), and a mechanical seal (4) is installed above the shaft sleeve (6). A bearing seat (3) is installed on the top of the mechanical seal (4), and a coupling (2) is provided on the top of the bearing seat (3). A reducer (1) is fixed on the top surface of the coupling (2). A small plate (20) is installed on the inner wall of the furnace body (8), and a large plate (19) is installed below the small plate (20). A rake arm (11) is installed below the large plate (19), and a scraper (12) is fixed below the rake arm (11). A discharge valve (13) is provided on the right side of the scraper (12), and a discharge port (14) is connected to the bottom of the discharge valve (13). The bottom end of the discharge port (14) is installed An outer tube (26) is provided, and a cooling tube (25) is provided inside the outer tube (26). A second inclined plate (27) is installed at the left end of the cooling tube (25), and a first inclined plate (24) is fixed below the second inclined plate (27). A support leg (15) is fixed on the left side of the outer tube (26), and a combustion chamber (16) is provided on the top of the support leg (15). A burner (17) is installed on the left side of the combustion chamber (16), and a check valve (18) is installed above the burner (17). A hot air outlet (21) is fixed on the upper right side of the check valve (18). A pyrolysis gas outlet (22) is arranged at the top of the left end of the furnace body (8), and an explosion relief device (23) is installed on the top of the pyrolysis gas outlet (22). A jacket (9) is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body (8), and a heat preservation area (10) is installed outside the jacket (9); The rake blade (7) forms a rotatable structure with the shaft sleeve (6) and the rotating shaft, and the shaft sleeve (6) is a cylindrical structure; The rake arm (11) and the scraper (12) are vertically distributed, and the scraper (12) forms a movable structure through the rake arm (11) and the rotating shaft; The second inclined plate (27) and the first inclined plate (24) are both at an angle of five degrees to the horizontal line, and the second inclined plate (27) and the first inclined plate (24) are symmetrical about the central axis of the outer tube (26); The combustion chamber (16) is connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet (22) through a combustion nozzle and a pyrolysis tube, and the pyrolysis gas outlet (22) and the hot air outlet (21) are vertically distributed; The diameter of the outer tube (26) is greater than the diameter of the cooling tube (25), and the inner wall of the outer tube (26) fits the outer wall of the cooling tube (25); The externally heated vertical pyrolysis furnace adopts a heating form in which the combustion chamber is heated by natural gas, or an electric heating plate or an electromagnetic heater is directly fixed on the cylinder wall.

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