A heating system with heat storage function using solar photovoltaic and thermal energy and valley electricity

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function, including an air collector, a heat storage, a heater, an air duct and a controller. There are eight air ducts, the first air duct and the second air duct are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the air collector, the first air duct is connected to the third air duct, the second air duct is connected to the fourth air duct, the third air duct and the fourth air duct are connected by the fifth air duct, the seventh air duct and the eighth air duct are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the heat storage, the other port of the seventh air duct is connected to the fourth air duct, the other port of the eighth air duct is connected to the third air duct, and the fifth air duct and the seventh air duct are connected by the sixth air duct. Beneficial effects: effectively improve the quality of heating; the comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy can reach more than 80%, and it has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a photovoltaic light-thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system, and in particular to a solar photovoltaic light-thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function. Background Art

[0002] At present, the types of urban heating sources are single, mostly relying on coal-fired thermal energy for heating, and the emissions of coal-fired boilers will cause serious pollution to the atmospheric environment. Therefore, reducing the proportion of urban heating coal-fired heating, increasing the proportion of clean energy use, and improving urban heat source emissions have become urgent issues to be solved in energy conservation and emission reduction. Solar energy is a clean energy source. As a heating source, it has a low energy conversion rate, low temperature quality of the heated medium, and a contradiction between the solar energy supply time and the heating time. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a solar energy collection and heating system that can maximize the use of solar energy resources, has a high solar energy collection efficiency, and a high heating medium quality. In addition, the daily load of the existing urban power grid varies greatly, and the power grid load is low at night. At this time, the load rate of the power plant is low and the output is insufficient, while the load increases during the day, which is not conducive to the safety of the power grid. Therefore, it is necessary to store solar energy collection and valley electricity by heat storage to achieve valley electricity and solar energy coupling heating. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to realize the centralized energy storage of solar energy collection and valley electricity collection, realize the coordinated heating of solar energy and valley electricity, and at the same time ensure the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells in summer, and provide a solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function.

[0004] The solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function provided by the present invention includes an air collector, a heat accumulator, a heater, an air duct and a controller, wherein an air valve is arranged in the air duct, the air valve is connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller, eight air ducts are arranged, namely: a first air duct, a second air duct, a third air duct, a fourth air duct, a fifth air duct, a sixth air duct, a seventh air duct and an eighth air duct, the first air duct and the second air duct are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the air collector, the first air duct is connected to the third air duct, the air inlet of the third air duct is arranged in the adjusted building, the second air duct is connected to the fourth air duct, the outlet of the fourth air duct is arranged in the adjusted building, the third air duct and the fourth air duct are connected by the fifth air duct, the seventh air duct and the eighth air duct are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the heat accumulator, another port of the seventh air duct is connected to the fourth air duct, another port of the eighth air duct is connected to the third air duct, the fifth air duct and the seventh air duct are connected through the sixth air duct, the heater is arranged in the fourth air duct, and the heater is controlled by the controller.

[0005] The air collector is a photovoltaic thermal collector, which includes a frame, photovoltaic panels, a substrate, velvet tempered glass and an insulating backboard, wherein the space enclosed by the frame is arranged with velvet tempered glass, photovoltaic panels, substrate and insulating backboard from top to bottom, and the photovoltaic panels are arranged in an array on the substrate. The space enclosed by the velvet tempered glass, the substrate and the frame is in a vacuum state. The space enclosed by the substrate, the insulating backboard and the frame is an air circulation channel. The upper and lower parts of the air circulation channel are provided with openings respectively connected to the first reducer and the second reducer. The other port of the first reducer is connected to the first air duct, and the other port of the second reducer is connected to the second air duct. A solar radiation sensor is also connected to the frame, and the radiation surface of the solar radiation sensor is parallel to the velvet tempered glass. A first temperature sensor is installed on the substrate. The solar radiation sensor and the first temperature sensor are both connected to the controller. The solar radiation sensor and the first temperature sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time.

[0006] The first air duct is equipped with a first air valve, the communication port between the first air duct and the third air duct is arranged between the first air valve and the first reducer, and the first air valve is connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller.

[0007] The first fan and the second air valve are arranged in the second air duct, the connecting port between the second air duct and the fourth air duct is located between the first fan and the second air valve, the first fan is also connected to the first frequency converter, the first frequency converter and the second air valve are both connected to the controller and controlled by the controller.

[0008] The third air valve and the fourth air valve are arranged in the third air duct, and the connecting ports of the third air duct with the fifth air duct and the eighth air duct are respectively located between the third air valve and the fourth air valve, and the third air valve and the fourth air valve are connected to the controller and controlled by the controller.

[0009] The fourth air duct is equipped with a fifth air valve, a sixth air valve and a second fan in sequence, the connecting port between the fifth air duct and the fourth air duct is located between the fifth air valve and the sixth air valve, the fifth air valve and the sixth air valve are both connected to the controller and controlled by the controller, there are two heaters arranged in the fourth air duct, namely the first heater and the second heater, the first heater and the second heater are both PTC heaters, the first heater and the second heater are respectively arranged on both sides of the connecting port between the fifth air duct and the fourth air duct, the first heater is connected to the photovoltaic cell panel, the first heater is also connected to the first inverter, the second heater is connected to the second inverter, a second temperature sensor is arranged on the fourth air duct between the first heater and the second heater, the second temperature sensor is connected to the controller, and the second temperature sensor can transmit the collected data to the A controller, a first inverter, a second inverter, a first heater and a second heater are all connected to the controller and controlled by the controller, the other ends of the first inverter and the second inverter are connected to the mains, the second fan is arranged at the rear of the sixth air valve, the second fan is also connected to the second frequency converter, the second frequency converter is connected to the controller and controlled by the controller, a third temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in sequence on the fourth air duct at the rear of the second fan, the third temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are both connected to the controller, the third temperature sensor and the pressure sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time, a seventh air valve is arranged in the fifth air duct, the seventh air valve is connected to the controller and controlled by the controller, an eighth air valve is arranged in the sixth air duct, the eighth air valve is connected to the controller and controlled by the controller.

[0010] The heat accumulator includes a PCM heat storage material, a metal partition and a heat preservation box, wherein the heat preservation box is a hollow cubic structure, the upper and lower end surfaces of the heat preservation box are provided with openings, the metal partition is longitudinally arranged inside the heat preservation box and is perpendicular to the heat preservation box opening, the odd-numbered spaces formed between the metal partitions are blocked at both ends to form a closed space, and the closed space is filled with PCM heat storage material, the PCM heat storage material is paraffin or fatty acid, the phase change point of the PCM heat storage material is 25°C, a fourth temperature sensor is arranged inside the PCM heat storage material, and the fourth temperature sensor is connected to the controller The fourth temperature sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time, the upper and lower openings of the heat preservation box are respectively connected with the third reducer and the fourth reducer, a port of the seventh air duct is connected with the outlet of the third reducer, a port of the eighth air duct is connected with the outlet of the fourth reducer, a ninth air valve is arranged in the seventh air duct, the ninth air valve is arranged between the sixth air duct and the connecting port of the fourth air duct and the seventh air duct, the ninth air valve is connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller, the tenth air valve is arranged in the eighth air duct, the tenth air valve is connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller.

[0011] A fifth temperature sensor is arranged in the controlled building, and the fifth temperature sensor is connected to the controller. The fifth temperature sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time.

[0012] The first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor are thermocouple temperature sensors or platinum resistance temperature sensors.

[0013] The controller is a programmable controller, and the model of the controller is Siemens SIMATIC S7-200 SMART. The controller is connected to the first air valve, the second air valve, the third air valve, the fourth air valve, the fifth air valve, the sixth air valve, the seventh air valve, the eighth air valve, the ninth air valve, the tenth air valve, the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor, the fifth temperature sensor, the solar radiation sensor, the pressure sensor, the first inverter and the second inverter through the RS485 bus. The first air valve, the second air valve, the third air valve, the fourth air valve, the fifth air valve, the sixth air valve, the seventh air valve, the eighth air valve, the ninth air valve, the tenth air valve, the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor, the fifth temperature sensor, the solar radiation sensor, the pressure sensor, the first inverter and the second inverter are all equipped with RS485 interfaces.

[0014] The above-mentioned first air valve, second air valve, third air valve, fourth air valve, fifth air valve, sixth air valve, seventh air valve, eighth air valve, ninth air valve, tenth air valve, first frequency converter, second frequency converter, first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor, third temperature sensor, fourth temperature sensor, fifth temperature sensor, solar radiation sensor, pressure sensor, first inverter, second inverter, first heater, second heater, first fan and second fan are all assemblies of existing equipment, and therefore, specific models and specifications are not repeated.

[0015] Working principle of the present invention:

[0016] Working mode 1 during the heating period: When the controlled building does not need heating, there is solar radiation, and the heat storage device has not completed heat storage. The temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor in the controlled building is higher than the set value, the room does not need heating, the solar radiation sensor detects solar radiation, the fourth temperature sensor is lower than the PCM phase change temperature, and the heat storage device has not stored heat. The above signals are sent to the controller, and the controller starts the first fan, opens the third air valve, the fifth air valve, the ninth air valve, and the tenth air valve, and closes the first air valve, the second air valve, the fourth air valve, the sixth air valve, the seventh air valve, and the eighth air valve. The output frequency of the first inverter is dynamically adjusted according to the substrate temperature measured by the first temperature sensor. When the temperature is high, the output frequency of the first inverter increases accordingly. The sunlight shines on the photovoltaic panels, and part of the sunlight is converted into DC power, while most of the sunlight is converted into thermal energy. The substrate temperature rises, and the first fan is turned on. Under the drive, the air under the substrate flushes the wall of the substrate, the air temperature rises, and the hot air passes through the first heater in the fourth air duct. At this time, the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel drives the first heater to generate heat. The air passing through the first heater can obtain heat and the temperature continues to rise. The hot air enters the heat storage tank through the seventh air duct and the third reducer, and transfers the heat to the PCM heat storage material through the metal partition. After the hot air releases heat, the temperature drops, and enters the air collector through the fourth reducer, the eighth air duct, the third air duct, the first air duct and the first reducer to continue heating until the PCM heat storage material is completely melted and the heat storage is completed. The temperature measured by the fourth temperature sensor is higher than the phase change temperature of the PCM heat storage material. At this time, the controller sends a signal to close the above-mentioned linkage equipment.

[0017] Working mode 2 during the heating period: When the controlled building needs heating, there is solar radiation, and the heat storage device does not store heat. When the fifth temperature sensor is lower than the set temperature, the room needs heating, the fourth temperature sensor is lower than the phase change temperature of the PCM heat storage material, the heat storage device does not store heat, and the solar radiation sensor detects solar radiation. The above signals are sent to the controller, and the controller starts the first fan and the second fan, opens the third air valve, the fourth air valve, the fifth air valve and the sixth air valve, and closes the first air valve, the second air valve, the seventh air valve, the eighth air valve, the ninth air valve and the tenth air valve. The output frequency of the first inverter is dynamically adjusted according to the substrate temperature measured by the first temperature sensor. When the temperature is high, the output frequency of the first inverter increases accordingly. The sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic panels, and part of the sunlight is converted into DC power, while most of the sunlight is converted into thermal energy. The substrate temperature rises. Driven by the first fan, the air under the substrate flushes the substrate wall, the air temperature rises, and the hot air passes through the first heater in the fourth air duct. At this time, the photovoltaic panel The direct current generated by the solar panel drives the first heater to generate heat. The air passing through the first heater can obtain heat and its temperature continues to rise. When the third temperature sensor in the fourth air duct measures that the air temperature is lower than the supply air temperature, the controller starts the second inverter, and the city power is sent to the second heater through the second inverter. The output power of the second inverter is controlled by PID according to the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor to ensure that the heating temperature of the second heater reaches the set value. The input frequency of the second frequency converter is controlled by PID technology according to the wind pressure measured by the pressure sensor to ensure that the air volume and pressure of the supply air meet the requirements. When there is a demand for fresh air in the regulated building, the controller opens the first air valve, and the outdoor fresh air is mixed with the indoor return air in the first air duct. The proportion of fresh air can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the first air valve and the fourth air valve by the controller. When the room temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the above-mentioned linkage equipment is closed.

[0018] Heating period working mode three: When the controlled building needs heating, there is solar radiation, and the heat storage has completed heat storage. The fifth temperature sensor in the controlled building is lower than the set temperature, the room needs heating, the fourth temperature sensor in the heat storage is higher than the phase change temperature of the PCM heat storage material, the heat storage is completed, the solar radiation sensor detects solar radiation, and the above signals are sent to the controller. The controller starts the first fan, opens the third air valve, the fourth air valve, the fifth air valve, the sixth air valve, the ninth air valve and the tenth air valve, and closes the second air valve, the seventh air valve and the eighth air valve. The output frequency of the first inverter is dynamically adjusted according to the substrate temperature measured by the first temperature sensor. The output frequency of the first inverter is increased accordingly when the temperature is high. The sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic panel, part of the sunlight is converted into DC power, and most of the sunlight is converted into heat energy. The substrate temperature rises. Driven by the first fan, the air washes the substrate wall, the temperature rises, and the hot air passes through the first heater in the fourth air duct. At this time, the DC power generated by the photovoltaic panel drives the first heater to generate heat. The air passing through the first heater can obtain heat and the temperature continues to rise. , the second fan is started, and the indoor air enters the heat storage device through the return air port, the third air duct, the eighth air duct and the fourth reducer. The air absorbs the heat released in the PCM heat storage material and the temperature rises. After passing through the third reducer and the seventh air duct, it is mixed with the hot air in the air collector in the fourth air duct. When the third temperature sensor measures that the air temperature is lower than the supply air temperature, the second inverter is started, and the city power is sent to the second heater through the second inverter. The output power of the second inverter is controlled by PID according to the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor to ensure that the heating temperature of the second heater reaches the set value. The input frequency of the second frequency converter is controlled by PID technology according to the wind pressure measured by the pressure sensor to ensure that the supply air volume and pressure meet the requirements. When there is a demand for fresh air in the adjusted room, the controller opens the first air valve, and the outdoor fresh air is mixed with the indoor return air in the first air duct. The proportion of fresh air can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the first air valve and the fourth air valve by the controller. When the room temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the above linkage equipment is closed.

[0019] Working mode 4 during the heating period: When the controlled building needs heating, there is no solar radiation, and the heat storage device has not completed heat storage. The fifth temperature sensor is lower than the set temperature, the room needs heating, the fourth temperature sensor is lower than the PCM phase change temperature, the heat storage device has not completed heat storage, and the solar radiation sensor cannot detect solar radiation. The above signals are sent to the controller, and the controller turns off the first fan, turns on the second fan, opens the fourth air valve, the sixth air valve, and the seventh air valve, and closes the first air valve, the second air valve, the third air valve, the fifth air valve, the eighth air valve, the ninth air valve, and the tenth air valve, and starts the second inverter. Under the action of the second fan, the indoor air passes through the return air port, the third air duct, the fourth air duct, and the fifth air duct, and is heated by the second heater in the fourth air duct. The city Electricity is sent to the second heater through the second inverter. The output power of the second inverter is controlled by PID according to the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor to ensure that the heating temperature of the second heater reaches the set value. The input frequency of the second frequency converter is controlled by PID technology according to the wind pressure measured by the pressure sensor to ensure that the air supply volume and wind pressure meet the requirements. When the adjusted room has a demand for fresh air, the controller opens the first air valve, and the outdoor fresh air is mixed with the indoor return air in the first air duct. The proportion of fresh air can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the first air valve and the fourth air valve by the controller. When the room temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the above-mentioned linkage equipment is closed.

[0020] Working mode five during the heating period: When the controlled building needs heating, there is no solar radiation, and the heat accumulator has completed heat storage. The fifth temperature sensor is lower than the set temperature, the room needs heating, the fourth temperature sensor is higher than the phase change temperature of the PCM thermal storage material, the heat accumulator has completed heat storage, and the solar radiation sensor cannot detect solar radiation. The above signals are sent to the controller, and the controller turns off the first fan, turns on the second fan, opens the fourth air valve, the tenth air valve, the eighth air valve and the sixth air valve, and closes the first air valve, the second air valve, the third air valve, the fifth air valve, the seventh air valve and the ninth air valve, and starts the second inverter. Under the action of the second fan, the indoor air enters the heat accumulator through the return air port, the third air duct, the eighth air duct and the fourth reducer. The air absorbs the heat released in the PCM thermal storage material and the temperature rises. After passing through the third reducer, the seventh air duct, the sixth air duct, the fifth air valve and the sixth air valve, the indoor air enters the heat accumulator through the return air port, the third air duct, the eighth air duct and the fourth reducer. The first and fourth air ducts are heated by the second heater in the fourth air duct, and the AC power is sent to the second heater through the second inverter. The output power of the second inverter is controlled by PID according to the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor to ensure that the heating temperature of the second heater reaches the supply air temperature. The input frequency of the second frequency converter is controlled by PID technology according to the wind pressure measured by the pressure sensor to ensure that the supply air volume and pressure meet the requirements. When the adjusted room has a demand for fresh air, the controller opens the first air valve and the third air valve, and the outdoor fresh air is mixed with the indoor return air in the third air duct through the first air duct. The proportion of fresh air can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the first and fourth air valves by the controller. When the room temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the above-mentioned linkage equipment is closed.

[0021] Working mode six during the heating period: When the controlled building does not need heating, there is no solar radiation, the heat storage device does not store heat, and the valley power condition is met. The fifth temperature sensor is higher than the set temperature, the room does not need heating, the fourth temperature sensor is lower than the phase change temperature of the PCM thermal storage material, the heat storage device has not completed heat storage, and the solar radiation sensor cannot detect solar radiation. The above signals are sent to the controller, which turns on the first fan, turns off the second fan, opens the third air valve, the fifth air valve, the ninth air valve and the tenth air valve, and turns off the fourth air valve, the first air valve, the second air valve, the sixth air valve, the seventh air valve and the eighth air valve, and starts the second inverter. The air in the heat storage device is driven by the first fan through the fourth reducer. , the eighth air duct, the third air duct, the first air duct, the first reducer, the air collector, the second reducer, the second air duct and the fourth air duct. The air is heated by the second heater in the fourth air duct, and the valley electricity is sent to the second heater through the second inverter. The output power of the second inverter is industrial frequency. The heated air enters the heat accumulator through the seventh air duct and the third reducer. The hot air transfers heat to the PCM heat storage material through the metal partition, and the air temperature is reduced. When the temperature obtained by the fourth temperature sensor side is higher than the phase change point of the PCM heat storage material, the heat accumulator completes heat storage and the above linkage equipment is closed.

[0022] Working mode during non-heating period: when the controlled building does not need heating and there is solar radiation, the power generation mode is turned on. The solar radiation sensor detects solar radiation, and the sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic panel. Part of the sunlight is converted into DC power, and the DC power is converted into AC power and sent to the power grid through the first inverter. Most of the sunlight is converted into heat energy, and the substrate temperature rises. When the substrate temperature measured by the first temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the controller receives the above signal, closes the third air valve, the fourth air valve, the fifth air valve, the sixth air valve, the seventh air valve, the eighth air valve, the ninth air valve, the tenth air valve and the second fan, and turns on the first air valve, the second air valve and the first fan. Under the action of the first fan, the outdoor air takes away a lot of heat when passing through the substrate. The output frequency of the first inverter is dynamically adjusted according to the substrate temperature measured by the first temperature sensor. When the temperature is high, the output frequency of the first inverter is increased accordingly, so that the substrate temperature is maintained below the set temperature value (the photovoltaic cell has the highest power generation efficiency at this temperature). When the substrate temperature measured by the first temperature sensor is lower than the set temperature, the above linkage equipment is turned off.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] The heating system based on comprehensive utilization of solar photovoltaic, thermal and valley electricity provided by the present invention can make maximum use of solar energy for heating, adopts a step heating method, first collects the heat of solar energy, and then uses the electric energy generated by sunlight to heat the air. After the step heating, the air temperature is high, which effectively improves the heating quality; regardless of the outdoor sunlight intensity, the system can directly convert the generated DC current into heat without intermediate inversion loss, and the comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy can reach more than 80%; the system can also store the heat converted by solar energy and release it when heating is needed, solving the problem of mismatch between solar energy heating collection and heating time. At the same time, the system can introduce valley electricity in a timely manner to solve the problem that solar energy cannot provide heating due to weather during the heating period, and also alleviates the contradiction between the power load of the power grid peaks and valleys; during the non-heating period, when there is no heating demand in the room, the system is converted into a solar power generation system, and can dynamically cool the temperature of the photovoltaic panels and stabilize the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, so it has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the heating system described in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure of the air collector described in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-section structure of the heat accumulator described in the present invention.

[0028] The annotations in the above figure are as follows:

[0029] 1. Air collector 2. Heat storage 3. Controller 4. First air duct 5. Second air duct

[0030] 6, third air duct 7, fourth air duct 8, fifth air duct 9, sixth air duct 10, seventh air duct

[0031] 11. The eighth air duct 12. The adjusted building 13. The frame 14. The photovoltaic panel 15. The substrate

[0032] 16. Velvet tempered glass 17. Insulation back plate 18. First diameter change 19. Second diameter change

[0033] 20. Solar radiation sensor 21. First temperature sensor 22. First air valve

[0034] 23. First fan 24. Second air valve 25. First frequency converter 26. Third air valve

[0035] 27, fourth air valve 28, fifth air valve 29, sixth air valve 30, second fan

[0036] 31, first heater 32, second heater 33, first inverter 34, second inverter

[0037] 35. Second temperature sensor 36. Second frequency converter 37. Third temperature sensor

[0038] 38, pressure sensor 39, seventh air valve 40, eighth air valve 41, PCM thermal storage material

[0039] 42, metal partition 43, heat preservation box 44, fourth temperature sensor 45, third variable diameter

[0040] 46, fourth reducer 47, ninth air valve 48, tenth air valve 49, fifth temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] See also Figures 1 to 3 As shown:

[0042] The solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function provided by the present invention comprises an air collector 1, a heat storage device 2, a heater, an air duct and a controller 3, wherein an air valve is arranged in the air duct, the air valve is connected to the controller 3 and is controlled by the controller 3, and eight air ducts are arranged, namely: a first air duct 4, a second air duct 5, a third air duct 6, a fourth air duct 7, a fifth air duct 8, a sixth air duct 9, a seventh air duct 10 and an eighth air duct 11, the first air duct 4 and the second air duct 5 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the air collector 1, the first air duct 4 is connected to the third air duct 6, and the third air duct 10 is connected to the third air duct 11. The air inlet of the air duct 6 is arranged in the regulated building 12, the second air duct 5 is connected to the fourth air duct 7, the outlet of the fourth air duct 7 is arranged in the regulated building 12, the third air duct 6 and the fourth air duct 7 are connected by the fifth air duct 8, the seventh air duct 10 and the eighth air duct 11 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the heat accumulator 2, the other port of the seventh air duct 10 is connected to the fourth air duct 7, the other port of the eighth air duct 11 is connected to the third air duct 6, the fifth air duct 8 and the seventh air duct 10 are connected by the sixth air duct 9, the heater is arranged in the fourth air duct 7, and the heater is controlled by the controller 3.

[0043] The air collector 1 is a photovoltaic thermal collector, which includes a frame 13, a photovoltaic panel 14, a substrate 15, a velvet tempered glass 16 and a thermal insulation backboard 17, wherein the space enclosed by the frame 13 is arranged from top to bottom in sequence with the velvet tempered glass 16, the photovoltaic panel 14, the substrate 15 and the thermal insulation backboard 17, the photovoltaic panel 14 is arranged in an array on the substrate 15, the space enclosed by the velvet tempered glass 16, the substrate 15 and the frame 13 is in a vacuum state, and the space enclosed by the substrate 15, the thermal insulation backboard 17 and the frame 13 is an air circulation channel, and the upper and lower parts of the air circulation channel are provided with The openings are respectively connected to the first reducer 18 and the second reducer 19, the other port of the first reducer 18 is connected to the first air duct 4, and the other port of the second reducer 19 is connected to the second air duct 5. A solar radiation sensor 20 is also connected to the frame 13, and the radiation surface of the solar radiation sensor 20 is parallel to the velvet tempered glass 16. A first temperature sensor 21 is installed on the substrate 15. The solar radiation sensor 20 and the first temperature sensor 21 are both connected to the controller 3. The solar radiation sensor 20 and the first temperature sensor 21 can transmit the collected data to the controller 3 in real time.

[0044] A first air valve 22 is installed in the first air duct 4 . The communication port between the first air duct 4 and the third air duct 6 is arranged between the first air valve 22 and the first reducer 18 . The first air valve 22 is connected to the controller 3 and is controlled by the controller 3 .

[0045] The second air duct 5 is provided with a first fan 23 and a second air valve 24. The connecting port between the second air duct 5 and the fourth air duct 7 is located between the first fan 23 and the second air valve 24. The first fan 23 is also connected to a first frequency converter 25. The first frequency converter 25 and the second air valve 24 are both connected to the controller 3 and controlled by the controller 3.

[0046] A third air valve 26 and a fourth air valve 27 are provided in the third air duct 6. The connecting ports of the third air duct 6 with the fifth air duct 8 and the eighth air duct 11 are respectively located between the third air valve 26 and the fourth air valve 27. The third air valve 26 and the fourth air valve 27 are connected to the controller 3 and are controlled by the controller 3.

[0047] The fourth air duct 7 is equipped with a fifth air valve 28, a sixth air valve 29 and a second fan 30 in sequence. The connecting port between the fifth air duct 8 and the fourth air duct 7 is located between the fifth air valve 28 and the sixth air valve 29. The fifth air valve 28 and the sixth air valve 29 are both connected to the controller 3 and controlled by the controller 3. There are two heaters arranged in the fourth air duct 7, namely a first heater 31 and a second heater 32. The first heater 31 and the second heater 32 are both PTC heaters. The first heater 31 and the second heater 32 are respectively arranged on both sides of the connecting port between the fifth air duct 8 and the fourth air duct 7. The first heater 31 is connected to the photovoltaic cell panel 14. The first heater 21 is also connected to the first inverter 33. The second heater 32 is connected to the second inverter 34. A second temperature sensor 35 is arranged on the fourth air duct 7 between the first heater 31 and the second heater 32. The second temperature sensor 35 is connected to the controller 3. The second temperature sensor 35 can transmit the collected data to the The controller 3, the first inverter 33, the second inverter 34, the first heater 31 and the second heater 32 are all connected to the controller 3 and controlled by the controller 3. The other ends of the first inverter 33 and the second inverter 34 are connected to the mains. The second fan 30 is arranged at the rear of the sixth air valve 29. The second fan 30 is also connected to the second frequency converter 36. The second frequency converter 36 is connected to the controller 3 and controlled by the controller 3. The fourth air duct 7 at the rear of the second fan 30 is sequentially provided with a third temperature sensor 37 and a pressure sensor 38. The third temperature sensor 37 and the pressure sensor 38 are both connected to the controller 3. The third temperature sensor 37 and the pressure sensor 38 can transmit the collected data to the controller 3 in real time. The fifth air duct 8 is provided with a seventh air valve 39. The seventh air valve 39 is connected to the controller 3 and controlled by the controller 3. The sixth air duct 9 is provided with an eighth air valve 40. The eighth air valve 40 is connected to the controller 3 and controlled by the controller 3.

[0048] The heat accumulator 2 includes a PCM heat storage material 41, a metal partition 42 and a heat preservation box 43, wherein the heat preservation box 43 is a hollow cubic structure, and the upper and lower end surfaces of the heat preservation box 43 are provided with openings, the metal partition 42 is longitudinally arranged inside the heat preservation box 43 and is perpendicular to the opening of the heat preservation box 43, and the odd-numbered spaces formed between the metal partitions 42 are blocked at both ends to form a closed space, and the closed space is filled with PCM heat storage material 41, the PCM heat storage material 41 is paraffin or fatty acid, and the phase change point of the PCM heat storage material 41 is 25°C, and a fourth temperature sensor 44 is arranged in the PCM heat storage material 41, and the fourth temperature sensor 44 is connected to the controller 3, and the fourth The temperature sensor 44 can transmit the collected data to the controller 3 in real time. The upper and lower openings of the heat preservation box 43 are respectively connected with the third reducer 45 and the fourth reducer 46. A port of the seventh air duct 10 is connected with the outlet of the third reducer 45. A port of the eighth air duct 11 is connected with the outlet of the fourth reducer 46. A ninth air valve 47 is provided in the seventh air duct 10. The ninth air valve 47 is provided between the sixth air duct 9 and the connecting port between the fourth air duct 7 and the seventh air duct 10. The ninth air valve 47 is connected to the controller 3 and is controlled by the controller 3. The tenth air valve 48 is provided in the eighth air duct 11. The tenth air valve 48 is connected to the controller 3 and is controlled by the controller 3.

[0049] A fifth temperature sensor 49 is provided in the controlled building 12 . The fifth temperature sensor 49 is connected to the controller 3 . The fifth temperature sensor 49 can transmit the collected data to the controller 3 in real time.

[0050] The first temperature sensor 21 , the second temperature sensor 35 , the third temperature sensor 37 , the fourth temperature sensor 44 and the fifth temperature sensor 49 are thermocouple temperature sensors or platinum resistance temperature sensors.

[0051] The controller 3 is a programmable controller, and the model of the controller 3 is Siemens SIMATIC S7-200 SMART. The controller 3 is connected to the first air valve 22, the second air valve 24, the third air valve 26, the fourth air valve 27, the fifth air valve 28, the sixth air valve 29, the seventh air valve 39, the eighth air valve 40, the ninth air valve 47, the tenth air valve 48, the first frequency converter 25, the second frequency converter 36, the first temperature sensor 21, the second temperature sensor 35, the third temperature sensor 37, the fourth temperature sensor 44, the fifth temperature sensor 49, the solar radiation sensor 20, the pressure sensor 38, the first inverter 33 and the second inverter 34 through the RS485 bus. The first air valve 22, the second air valve 24, the third air valve 26, the fourth air valve 27, the fifth air valve 28, the sixth air valve 29, the seventh air valve 39, the eighth air valve 40, the ninth air valve 47, the tenth air valve 48, the first frequency converter 25, the second frequency converter 36, the first temperature sensor 21, the second temperature sensor 35, the third temperature sensor 37, the fourth temperature sensor 44, the fifth temperature sensor 49, the solar radiation sensor 20, the pressure sensor 38, the first inverter 33 and the second inverter 34 are all provided with RS485 interfaces.

[0052] The above-mentioned first air valve 22, second air valve 24, third air valve 26, fourth air valve 27, fifth air valve 28, sixth air valve 29, seventh air valve 39, eighth air valve 40, ninth air valve 47, tenth air valve 48, first frequency converter 25, second frequency converter 36, first temperature sensor 21, second temperature sensor 35, third temperature sensor 37, fourth temperature sensor 44, fifth temperature sensor 49, solar radiation sensor 20, pressure sensor 38, first inverter 33, second inverter 34, first heater 31, second heater 32, first fan 23 and second fan 30 are all assemblies of existing equipment, and therefore, specific models and specifications are not repeated.

[0053] Working principle of the present invention:

[0054] Working mode 1 during the heating period: when the controlled building 12 does not need heating, there is solar radiation, and the heat accumulator 2 has not completed heat storage. The measured temperature of the fifth temperature sensor 49 in the controlled building 12 is higher than the set value, the room does not need heating, the solar radiation sensor 20 detects solar radiation, the fourth temperature sensor 44 is lower than the PCM phase change temperature, and the heat accumulator 2 does not store heat. The above signals are sent to the controller 3, and the controller 3 starts the first fan 23, opens the third air valve 26, the fifth air valve 28, the ninth air valve 47, and the tenth air valve 48, and closes the first air valve 22, the second air valve 24, the fourth air valve 27, the sixth air valve 29, the seventh air valve 39 and the eighth air valve 40. The output frequency of the first inverter 25 is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature of the substrate 15 measured by the first temperature sensor 21. When the temperature is high, the output frequency of the first inverter 25 increases accordingly. The sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic panel 14, and part of the sunlight is converted into DC power, while most of the sunlight is converted into heat energy. The temperature of the substrate 15 rises, and when the first wind Driven by the motor 23, the air below the substrate 15 flushes the wall surface of the substrate 15, the air temperature rises, and the hot air passes through the first heater 31 in the fourth air duct 7. At this time, the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel 14 drives the first heater 31 to generate heat. The air passing through the first heater 31 can obtain heat and the temperature continues to rise. The hot air enters the heat storage device 2 through the seventh air duct 10 and the third diameter change 45, and transfers the heat to the PCM heat storage material 41 through the metal partition 42. After the hot air releases heat, the temperature decreases, and enters the air collector 1 through the fourth diameter change 46, the eighth air duct 11, the third air duct 6, the first air duct 4 and the first diameter change 18 to continue heating until the PCM heat storage material 41 is completely melted and the heat storage is completed. The temperature measured by the fourth temperature sensor 44 is higher than the phase change temperature of the PCM heat storage material 41. At this time, the controller 3 sends a signal to close the above linkage device.

[0055] Working mode 2 during the heating period: when the controlled building 12 needs heating and there is solar radiation, the heat storage device 2 does not store heat. When the temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor 49 is lower than the set temperature, the room needs to be heated, the temperature measured by the fourth temperature sensor 44 is lower than the phase change temperature of the PCM thermal storage material 41, the heat storage device 2 does not store heat, and the solar radiation sensor 20 detects solar radiation. The above signals are sent to the controller 3, and the controller 3 starts the first fan 23 and the second fan 30, opens the third air valve 26, the fourth air valve 27, the fifth air valve 28 and the sixth air valve 29, and closes the first air valve 22, the second air valve 24, the seventh air valve 39, the eighth air valve 40, the ninth air valve 47 and the tenth air valve 48. The output frequency of the first inverter 25 is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature of the substrate 15 measured by the first temperature sensor 21. The output frequency of the first inverter 25 is increased accordingly when the temperature is high. The sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic panel 14, part of the sunlight is converted into DC power, and most of the sunlight is converted into heat energy. The temperature of the substrate 15 increases. Driven by the first fan 23, the air below the substrate 15 flushes the wall of the substrate 15, the air temperature increases, and the hot air passes through the first Heater 31, at this time, the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel 14 drives the first heater 31 to generate heat, and the air passing through the first heater 31 can obtain heat and the temperature continues to rise. When the third temperature sensor 37 in the fourth air duct 7 measures that the temperature of the air is lower than the supply air temperature, the controller 3 starts the second inverter 34, and the city power is sent to the second heater 32 through the second inverter 34. The output power of the second inverter 34 is controlled by PID according to the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor 37 to ensure that the heating temperature of the second heater 32 reaches the set value. The input frequency of the second frequency converter 36 is controlled by PID technology according to the wind pressure measured by the pressure sensor 38 to ensure that the air volume and pressure of the supply air meet the requirements. When there is a demand for fresh air in the regulated building 12, the controller 3 opens the first air valve 22, and the outdoor fresh air is mixed with the indoor return air in the first air duct 4. The proportion of the fresh air can be adjusted by the controller 3 to control the opening of the first air valve 22 and the fourth air valve 27. When the room temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor 49 is higher than the set value, the above-mentioned linkage device is closed.

[0056] Heating period working mode three: When the controlled building 12 needs heating, there is solar radiation, and the heat storage device 2 has completed heat storage. The fifth temperature sensor 49 in the controlled building 12 is lower than the set temperature, the room needs heating, the fourth temperature sensor 44 in the heat storage device 2 is higher than the phase change temperature of the PCM heat storage material 41, the heat storage device 2 has completed heat storage, and the solar radiation sensor 20 detects solar radiation. The above signal is sent to the controller 3, and the controller 3 starts the first fan 23, opens the third air valve 26, the fourth air valve 27, the fifth air valve 28, the sixth air valve 29, the ninth air valve 47 and the tenth air valve 48, closes the second air valve 24, the seventh air valve 39 and the eighth air valve 40, and the first inverter 25 is turned on. The output frequency is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature of the substrate 15 measured by the first temperature sensor 21. When the temperature is high, the output frequency of the first inverter 25 is increased accordingly. When sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic panel 14, part of the sunlight is converted into DC power and most of the sunlight is converted into heat. The temperature of the substrate 15 increases. Driven by the first fan 23, air flushes the wall of the substrate 15, and the temperature increases. The hot air passes through the first heater 31 in the fourth air duct 7. At this time, the DC power generated by the photovoltaic panel 14 drives the first heater 31 to generate heat, and the air passing through the first heater 31 can obtain heat. The temperature continues to rise, the second fan 30 is started, and the indoor air enters the heat storage device 2 through the return air port, the third air duct 6, the eighth air duct 11 and the fourth reducer 46. The air absorbs the heat released in the PCM heat storage material 41 and the temperature rises. The air passes through the third reducer 45 and the seventh air duct 10 and is mixed with the hot air in the air collector 1 in the fourth air duct 7. When the third temperature sensor 37 measures that the air temperature is lower than the supply air temperature, the second inverter 34 is started, and the city power is sent to the second heater 32 through the second inverter 34. The output power of the second inverter 34 is determined according to the third temperature sensor 37. The temperature is measured using PID control to ensure that the heating temperature of the second heater 32 reaches the set value. The input frequency of the second frequency converter 36 is controlled using PID technology based on the wind pressure measured by the pressure sensor 38 to ensure that the air supply volume and wind pressure meet the requirements. When the adjusted room has a demand for fresh air, the controller 3 opens the first air valve 22, and the outdoor fresh air is mixed with the indoor return air in the first air duct 4. The proportion of fresh air can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the first air valve 22 and the fourth air valve 27 by the controller 3. When the room temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor 49 is higher than the set value, the above-mentioned linkage equipment is closed.

[0057] Working mode 4 during the heating period: When the controlled building 12 needs heating, there is no solar radiation, and the heat storage device 2 has not completed heat storage. The temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor 49 is lower than the set temperature, the room needs heating, the temperature measured by the fourth temperature sensor 44 is lower than the PCM phase change temperature, the heat storage device 2 has not completed heat storage, and the solar radiation sensor 20 cannot detect solar radiation. The above signals are sent to the controller 3, and the controller 3 turns off the first fan 23, turns on the second fan 30, turns on the fourth air valve 27, the sixth air valve 29 and the seventh air valve 39, turns off the first air valve 22, the second air valve 24, the third air valve 26, the fifth air valve 28, the eighth air valve 40, the ninth air valve 47 and the tenth air valve 48, and starts the second inverter 34. Under the action of the second fan 30, the indoor air passes through the return air port, the third air duct 6, the fourth air duct 7 and the fifth air duct 8, wherein the fourth air duct 7 is After being heated by the second heater 32, the AC power is sent to the second heater 32 via the second inverter 34. The output power of the second inverter 34 is controlled by PID according to the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor 37 to ensure that the heating temperature of the second heater 32 reaches the set value. The input frequency of the second frequency converter 36 is controlled by PID technology according to the wind pressure measured by the pressure sensor 38 to ensure that the air supply volume and pressure meet the requirements. When the adjusted room has a demand for fresh air, the controller 3 opens the first air valve 22, and the outdoor fresh air is mixed with the indoor return air in the first air duct 4. The proportion of fresh air can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the first air valve 22 and the fourth air valve 27 by the controller 3. When the room temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor 49 is higher than the set value, the above-mentioned linkage equipment is closed.

[0058] Working mode five during the heating period: When the controlled building 12 needs heating, there is no solar radiation, and the heat storage device 2 has completed heat storage. The temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor 49 is lower than the set temperature, the room needs heating, the temperature measured by the fourth temperature sensor 44 is higher than the phase change temperature of the PCM thermal storage material 41, the heat storage device 2 has completed heat storage, and the solar radiation sensor 20 cannot detect solar radiation. The above signals are sent to the controller 3, and the controller 3 turns off the first fan 23, turns on the second fan 30, turns on the fourth air valve 27, the tenth air valve 48, the eighth air valve 40 and the sixth air valve 29, turns off the first air valve 22, the second air valve 24, the third air valve 26, the fifth air valve 28, the seventh air valve 39 and the ninth air valve 47, and starts the second inverter 34. Under the action of the second fan 30, the indoor air enters the heat storage device 2 through the return air port, the third air duct 6, the eighth air duct 11 and the fourth reducer 46. The air absorbs the heat released in the PCM thermal storage material 41 and the temperature rises. After passing through the third reducer 45, the seventh air valve 46, the heat storage device 2 is turned off. The sixth air duct 10, the sixth air duct 9, the fifth air duct 8 and the fourth air duct 7 are heated by the second heater 32 in the fourth air duct 7, and the AC power is sent to the second heater 32 via the second inverter 34. The output power of the second inverter 34 is PID-controlled according to the temperature measured by the third temperature sensor 37 to ensure that the heating temperature of the second heater 32 reaches the supply air temperature. The input frequency of the second frequency converter 36 is PID-controlled according to the wind pressure measured by the pressure sensor 38 to ensure that the supply air volume and pressure meet the requirements. When the adjusted room has a demand for fresh air, the controller 3 opens the first air valve 22 and the third air valve 26, and the outdoor fresh air is mixed with the indoor return air in the third air duct 6 through the first air duct 4. The proportion of fresh air can be adjusted by controlling the opening of the first air valve 22 and the fourth air valve 27 by the controller 3. When the room temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor 49 is higher than the set value, the above-mentioned linkage equipment is closed.

[0059] Working mode six during the heating period: when the controlled building 12 does not need heating, there is no solar radiation, the heat accumulator 2 does not store heat, and the valley power condition is met. The temperature measured by the fifth temperature sensor 49 is higher than the set temperature, the room does not need heating, the temperature measured by the fourth temperature sensor 44 is lower than the phase change temperature of the PCM thermal storage material 41, the heat accumulator 2 has not completed heat storage, and the solar radiation sensor 20 cannot detect solar radiation. The above signals are sent to the controller 3, and the controller 3 turns on the first fan 23, turns off the second fan 30, opens the third air valve 26, the fifth air valve 28, the ninth air valve 47 and the tenth air valve 48, and turns off the fourth air valve 27, the first air valve 22, the second air valve 24, the sixth air valve 29, the seventh air valve 39 and the eighth air valve 40, and starts the second inverter 34. The air in the heat accumulator 2 is cooled by the first fan 23. , through the fourth reducer 46, the eighth air duct 11, the third air duct 6, the first air duct 4, the first reducer 18, the air collector 1, the second reducer 19, the second air duct 5 and the fourth air duct 7, the valley electricity is heated by the second heater 32 in the fourth air duct 7, and the valley electricity is sent to the second heater 32 through the second inverter 34. The output power of the second inverter 34 is the industrial frequency. The heated air enters the heat storage device 2 through the seventh air duct 10 and the third reducer 45. The hot air transfers the heat to the PCM heat storage material 41 through the metal partition 42, and the air temperature is reduced. When the temperature obtained by the fourth temperature sensor 44 is higher than the phase change point of the PCM heat storage material 41, the heat storage device 2 completes the heat storage and the above linkage equipment is closed.

[0060] Working mode during non-heating period: When the controlled building 12 does not need heating and there is solar radiation, the power generation mode is turned on. The solar radiation sensor 20 detects solar radiation, and the solar light irradiates the photovoltaic panel 14. Part of the solar light is converted into DC power, and the DC power is converted into AC power and sent to the power grid through the first inverter 33. Most of the solar light is converted into heat energy, and the temperature of the substrate 15 increases. When the temperature of the substrate 15 measured by the first temperature sensor 21 is higher than the set value, the controller 3 receives the above signal and closes the third air valve 26, the fourth air valve 27, the fifth air valve 28, the sixth air valve 29, the seventh air valve 39, the eighth air valve 40, the ninth air valve 47, the tenth air valve 48 and the second air valve 49. The machine 30 opens the first air valve 22, the second air valve 24 and the first fan 23. Under the action of the first fan 23, the outdoor air takes away a large amount of heat when passing through the substrate 15. The output frequency of the first inverter 25 is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature of the substrate 15 measured by the first temperature sensor 21. When the temperature is high, the output frequency of the first inverter 25 is increased accordingly, so that the temperature of the substrate 15 is maintained below the set temperature value (the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is the highest at this temperature). When the temperature of the substrate 15 measured by the first temperature sensor 21 is lower than the set temperature, the above-mentioned linkage equipment is closed.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function, comprising an air collector, a heat storage, a heater, an air duct and a controller, wherein an air valve is arranged in the air duct, the air valve is connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller, and eight air ducts are arranged, namely: a first air duct, a second air duct, a third air duct, a fourth air duct, a fifth air duct, a sixth air duct, a seventh air duct and an eighth air duct, the first air duct and the second air duct are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the air collector, the first air duct is connected to the third air duct, and the The air inlet of the three air ducts is arranged in the regulated building, the second air duct is connected to the fourth air duct, the outlet of the fourth air duct is arranged in the regulated building, the third air duct and the fourth air duct are connected by the fifth air duct, the seventh air duct and the eighth air duct are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the heat accumulator respectively, the other end of the seventh air duct is connected to the fourth air duct, the other end of the eighth air duct is connected to the third air duct, the fifth air duct and the seventh air duct are connected by the sixth air duct, the heater is arranged in the fourth air duct, and the heater is controlled by the controller, characterized in that: The air collector is a photovoltaic thermal collector, which includes a frame, a photovoltaic cell panel, a substrate, velvet tempered glass and a thermal insulation backboard, wherein the space enclosed by the frame is arranged with velvet tempered glass, photovoltaic cell panels, substrate and thermal insulation backboard in sequence from top to bottom, the photovoltaic cell panels are arranged in an array on the substrate, the space enclosed by velvet tempered glass, substrate and frame is in a vacuum state, the space enclosed by the substrate, thermal insulation backboard and frame is an air circulation channel, the upper and lower parts of the air circulation channel are provided with openings which are respectively connected to the first variable diameter and the second variable diameter, the other port of the first variable diameter is connected to the first air duct, and the other port of the second variable diameter is connected to the second air duct The frame is connected, a solar radiation sensor is also connected to the frame, the radiation surface of the solar radiation sensor is parallel to the velvet tempered glass, a first temperature sensor is installed on the substrate, the solar radiation sensor and the first temperature sensor are both connected to the controller, the solar radiation sensor and the first temperature sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time; the fourth air duct is sequentially equipped with a fifth air valve, a sixth air valve and a second fan, the connecting port of the fifth air duct and the fourth air duct is located between the fifth air valve and the sixth air valve, the fifth air valve and the sixth air valve are both connected to the controller and controlled by the controller, there are two heaters arranged in the fourth air duct, namely the first heater and the sixth air valve. The first heater and the second heater are both PTC heaters. The first heater and the second heater are respectively arranged on both sides of the connecting port of the fifth air duct and the fourth air duct. The first heater is connected to the photovoltaic panel. The first heater is also connected to the first inverter. The second heater is connected to the second inverter. A second temperature sensor is arranged on the fourth air duct between the first heater and the second heater. The second temperature sensor is connected to the controller. The second temperature sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time. The first inverter, the second inverter, the first heater and the second heater are all connected to the controller and controlled by the controller. The first inverter and The other end of the second inverter is connected to the mains, the second fan is arranged at the rear of the sixth air valve, the second fan is also connected to the second frequency converter, the second frequency converter is connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller, the fourth air duct at the rear of the second fan is sequentially provided with a third temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, the third temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are both connected to the controller, the third temperature sensor and the pressure sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time, the fifth air duct is provided with a seventh air valve, the seventh air valve is connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller, the sixth air duct is provided with an eighth air valve, the eighth air valve is connected to the controller and is controlled by the controller;The heat accumulator includes a PCM heat storage material, a metal partition and a heat preservation box, wherein the heat preservation box is a hollow cubic structure, the upper and lower end surfaces of the heat preservation box are provided with openings, the metal partition is longitudinally arranged inside the heat preservation box and is perpendicular to the heat preservation box opening, the odd-numbered spaces formed between the metal partitions are blocked at both ends to form a closed space, and the closed space is filled with PCM heat storage material, the PCM heat storage material is paraffin or fatty acid, the phase change point of the PCM heat storage material is 25°C, a fourth temperature sensor is arranged inside the PCM heat storage material, and the fourth temperature sensor is connected to the controller The fourth temperature sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time. The upper and lower openings of the heat preservation box are respectively connected to the third reducer and the fourth reducer. A port of the seventh air duct is connected to the outlet of the third reducer. A port of the eighth air duct is connected to the outlet of the fourth reducer. A ninth air valve is arranged in the seventh air duct. The ninth air valve is arranged between the sixth air duct and the connecting port of the fourth air duct and the seventh air duct. The ninth air valve is connected to the controller and controlled by the controller. A tenth air valve is arranged in the eighth air duct. The tenth air valve is connected to the controller and controlled by the controller. ; 2. According to claim 1, a solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function is characterized by: The first air duct is equipped with a first air valve, the communication port between the first air duct and the third air duct is arranged between the first air valve and the first reducer, and the first air valve is connected to a controller and is controlled by the controller.

3. According to claim 1, a solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function is characterized by: The second air duct is provided with a first fan and a second air valve, the connecting port between the second air duct and the fourth air duct is located between the first fan and the second air valve, the first fan is also connected to a first frequency converter, the first frequency converter and the second air valve are both connected to a controller and controlled by the controller.

4. The solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function according to claim 1 is characterized by: The third air duct is provided with a third air valve and a fourth air valve, and the connecting ports of the third air duct with the fifth air duct and the eighth air duct are respectively located between the third air valve and the fourth air valve, and the third air valve and the fourth air valve are connected to the controller and controlled by the controller.

5. The solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function according to claim 1 is characterized by: The regulated building is provided with a fifth temperature sensor, which is connected to the controller. The fifth temperature sensor can transmit the collected data to the controller in real time.

6. The solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function according to claim 1 is characterized by: The first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor are thermocouple temperature sensors or platinum resistance temperature sensors.

7. A solar photovoltaic thermal and valley electricity comprehensive utilization heating system with heat storage function according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The controller is a programmable controller, and the model of the controller is Siemens SIMATIC S7-200 SMART. The controller is connected to the first air valve, the second air valve, the third air valve, the fourth air valve, the fifth air valve, the sixth air valve, the seventh air valve, the eighth air valve, the ninth air valve, the tenth air valve, the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor, the fifth temperature sensor, the solar radiation sensor, the pressure sensor, the first inverter and the second inverter through RS485 bus. The first air valve, the second air valve, the third air valve, the fourth air valve, the fifth air valve, the sixth air valve, the seventh air valve, the eighth air valve, the ninth air valve, the tenth air valve, the first frequency converter, the second frequency converter, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor, the fifth temperature sensor, the solar radiation sensor, the pressure sensor, the first inverter and the second inverter are all equipped with RS485 interfaces.

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