A stepped fluidized mineral separator and separation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a stepped fluidized mineral separator and a separation method, wherein the mineral separator comprises a bed surface, a horizontal vibration device and a vertical vibration device, wherein the bed surface is a rectangular inclined structure, and a plurality of grid bars with a certain height are arranged on the bed surface along its longitudinal direction, and a material channel is formed between two adjacent grid bars, and a feeding side is formed on one side of the bed surface along the longitudinal direction, and a discharging side is formed on the other side of the bed surface, and a feeding end is formed at one end of the bed surface along the longitudinal direction and is provided with a feeding port connected to the bed surface, and a discharging end is formed at the other end, and a plurality of collecting hoppers are provided at the discharging end; the horizontal vibration device is connected to one end of the bed surface, and the vertical vibration device is arranged at the bottom of the bed surface, and is used to drive the bed surface to vibrate up and down in the vertical direction. The present invention can realize the composite motion of horizontal swinging and up and down bouncing of the bed surface, and under the action of the composite motion and the airflow blown into the bottom, the mineral has different travel routes according to the different densities, thereby realizing mineral separation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of mineral separation, and relates to a stepped fluidized mineral separator and a separation method, which are suitable for separating high-density and low-density mixed minerals. Background Art

[0002] In terms of mineral separation, at present, there are gravity separation, flotation and jigging methods at home and abroad. (1) Gravity separation. A mineral separation method that uses the differences in relative density, particle size, shape between the mineral particles to be separated and the differences in their movement speed and direction in the medium (water, air or other liquids with relatively high density) to separate them from each other. It is widely used in the processing of coal, non-ferrous metals, rare metals, precious metal ores, and is also used for the processing of non-metallic ores such as asbestos and diamonds. In order to enhance the separation effect of fine-grained materials, gravity separation equipment such as spiral chutes, centrifuges, cyclones, etc. with centrifugal fields are also used in gravity separation. In a certain medium or medium flow (mainly water), the process of separation is carried out according to the specific gravity difference of the mineral raw material particles. (2) Jigging. The process of using vertical alternating water flow to loosen the material and achieve stratification and separation according to specific gravity. The mixture of water and mineral particles is fed into the screen of the jigging chamber from one end. The mineral particles move under the action of the vertical alternating water flow, alternately loosening and tightening, and finally stratified according to their own specific gravity difference. Products with low specific gravity are discharged from the upper layer along with the slurry flow; products with high specific gravity are discharged from the lower layer. (3) Shaking table method. It consists of a transversely inclined bed with bed bars or grooves and a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism causes the bed to make asymmetric reciprocating motion in the longitudinal direction. The ore particles on the bed are loosened, separated, layered, and zoned under the combined action of mechanical vibration, slurry transverse flow, and eddy currents between bed bars. The upper ore particles have low specific gravity and large particle size, while the lower ore particles have high specific gravity and small particle size. The upper ore slurry has a fast flow rate, so the ore particles move laterally faster; the lower ore slurry has a low flow rate, and the ore particles therein are subjected to large mechanical carrying force due to friction with the bed surface, so the longitudinal movement speed is large; ore particles of different particle sizes and specific gravity are separated due to different movement trajectories on the bed surface. (4) Chute selection. The process of selecting materials with the help of water flowing in an inclined trough. Under the combined effects of gravity, friction, water flow pressure, shear force and barrier resistance (when there are barriers on the trough surface), the mineral particles become loose and stratified, achieving separation by specific gravity.

[0003] From the above, it can be seen that the gravity separation method, jigging method, shaking table method and chute separation of mineral separation belong to wet separation processes. The production process requires the consumption of water and produces mud. The process flow is complicated and the production cost is high.

[0004] In terms of dry mineral separation, the mineral separators currently used in industrial production at home and abroad mainly include the separation of coarse and fine ores disclosed in Chinese patent CN1030088092. The main separation medium is water, which is used to separate materials of different particle sizes. The "Coal Preparation Technology Volume 1" published by Graham Troman Co., Ltd. in the United States in 1988 disclosed a countercurrent separator, which is a wind-driven shaking table with a rectangular bed surface and an inclination angle of 10 to the horizontal plane. The longitudinal disturbance device makes the bed surface move longitudinally, and the bed surface is a perforated screen plate. A fan sends air to the bottom of the screen at a constant wind speed and wind pressure. Due to the upward airflow, the material on the bed surface is stratified. The heavier gangue passes through the bed layer and falls on the screen plate, and moves upward along the bed surface under the action of eccentric reciprocating motion. The lighter coal floats on the upper part of the bed layer and is pushed by the feed material to the direction of the bed surface tilting downward. The wind shaker belongs to an air fluidized bed. It is sorted once on the bed surface, and the clean coal product is discharged once. It is easy to mix with small-sized coal gangue, resulting in poor separation effect and low productivity. At the same time, the wind shaker requires strong wind force. In addition, there is also a dry shaker in the commonly used dry mineral separator, which does not use wind power, but only relies on the spiral motion of the material to separate the layers. The large particles are in the upper layer and the small particles are in the lower layer. The separation effect according to density is poor. In the 1990s, a composite sorting method was disclosed, which uses autogenous medium (fine coal contained in the raw coal) and air to form a gas-solid two-phase mixed medium for sorting; mechanical vibration is used to make the sorted material perform spiral tumbling motion to form multiple sorting; and the buoyancy effect of the interaction between particles generated by the gradually increasing density of the bed material is fully utilized for sorting. Under the condition that the material is spirally flipped on the bed surface of the sorting machine, the combined effect of vibration force and rising airflow is used to cause the bed to loosen and the mineral particles to be separated according to density. Under the action of gravity, the low-density material on the surface is stripped off. During the multiple cycles, the materials are sorted multiple times and peeled off layer by layer to produce a variety of products with ash content ranging from low to high, until the gangue and pyrite with the highest density are discharged; the fine-grained materials contained in the selected raw coal (called autogenous medium) are mixed with the rising air flow to form a gas-solid two-phase mixed medium for sorting. In this suspended medium with a certain density, low-density materials float up and high-density materials sink; the buoyancy effect generated by the interaction of heavy mineral particles is also used to make the coal particles mixed in the gangue layer continuously float out to obtain pure gangue products.

[0005] The above-mentioned composite dry separator is disclosed in Chinese patents CN2101532 and CN2314850, which are suitable for separating solid particle mixtures with different densities. It mainly comprises a vibrator and a separation bed suspended on a frame to form a vibrating bed body; grid bars are arranged on the vibrating bed body in the same direction as the material movement direction, and vertical air holes are evenly arranged on the bed surface between the grid bars. The vertical air holes are connected to the air chamber, and an inclined back plate is connected to the rear of the separation bed surface. Under the action of vibration force and rising air flow, the material moves in a spiral motion and is layered according to density. After multiple cycles of separation, the low-density material is separated from the high-density material. It can be seen that the problems of the dry separation bed disclosed in the above two patents are: (1) The transverse and longitudinal angles of the bed surface have a direct impact on the separation effect. If the transverse angle of the bed surface is too small, the bed thickness increases and the separation speed of the surface coal decreases. If the transverse angle is too large, the movement speed of the high-density material at the bottom of the bed decreases or even stops, which destroys the separation process. If the longitudinal positive angle (the angle at which the gangue discharge end is lower than the feeding end) is too large, the gangue and coal will be pushed toward the gangue discharge port. If the longitudinal negative angle (the angle at which the gangue discharge end is higher than the feeding end) is too large, the gangue movement speed will be too slow, and too much gangue will accumulate on the bed surface, thus destroying the sorting. (2) The role of the parallel bars on the bed surface. The reasonable design of the height and angle of the bars has a great influence on the sorting effect. First, it guides the high-density ore particles to move to the high-density channel; second, it increases the speed of the high-density ore particles at the bottom of the bed to move to the high-density end, which is conducive to increasing the processing capacity of the sorting bed; third, the bars can play a certain sorting role. The coal with low density in the upper layer of the bed can cross the bars and move to the discharge side, while the high-density material in the bottom layer can only move along the bars to the high-density end under the obstruction of the bars, which improves the sorting accuracy. Therefore, the reasonable design of the height and angle of the bars also has a great influence on the sorting effect. (3) The ratio of the feeding side width of the bed to the length of the bed is too small, resulting in a short sorting time. Low-density materials are prone to contain high-density materials, and the sorting accuracy is difficult to improve. (4) The inclination angle of the back plate relative to the bed plays a guiding role in guiding the material to make a spiral motion. The reasonable design of the inclination angle enables the material to have a reasonable spiral motion, which plays an important role in the separation of light materials. (5) The vibration form of the bed is electromagnetic vibration or low-amplitude inertial force vibration, which is not conducive to sorting materials with larger particle sizes. The material handling speed at the bottom of the bed layer on the bed is low, making it difficult to improve production capacity.

[0006] With the demand for mineral separation in modern industry, it is urgent to develop a mineral separation method that can overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a stepped fluidized mineral separator to solve the problems in the prior art, which has the advantages of high separation accuracy and wide application range.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a stepped fluidized mineral separation method.

[0009] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A stepped fluidized mineral separator comprises a bed surface, a horizontal vibration device and a vertical vibration device, wherein:

[0011] The bed surface is a rectangular inclined structure, and a plurality of grid bars of a certain height are arranged on the bed surface in the longitudinal direction thereof, and a material channel is formed between two adjacent grid bars, a feeding side is formed on one side of the bed surface in the longitudinal direction, and a discharging side is formed on the other side, a feeding end is formed on one end of the bed surface in the longitudinal direction and is provided with a feeding port connected to the bed surface, and a discharging end is formed on the other end, and a plurality of collecting hoppers connected to the material channel are provided on the discharging end; the height of the bed surface gradually decreases from the feeding end to the discharging end along the length direction of the grid bars, and gradually decreases from the feeding side to the discharging side along the vertical direction of the grid bars, that is, the highest point is formed at the feeding port, and the lowest point is formed at the intersection of the discharging side and the discharging end;

[0012] The horizontal vibration device is connected to one end of the bed surface and is used to drive the bed surface to vibrate horizontally along the length direction of the grid bars;

[0013] The vertical vibration device is arranged at the bottom of the bed surface and is used to drive the bed surface to vibrate up and down in the vertical direction.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of ventilation holes are provided on the material channel along its length direction, and the ventilation holes are connected to an air supply device for blowing air flow into the ventilation holes.

[0015] Furthermore, the mineral separator also includes a dust collection device, which includes a collection hood, a dust collector and an induced draft fan connected in sequence through a connecting pipe, and the collection hood is arranged directly above the bed surface.

[0016] Furthermore, the air supply device includes multiple ventilation hoods located below the bed surface, a ventilation main pipe connected to the ventilation hoods, and a blower, the air outlet of the blower is connected to the air inlet end of the ventilation main pipe, a single ventilation hood is connected to multiple ventilation holes, and covers all the ventilation holes through adjacent arrangement.

[0017] Furthermore, the bed surface is divided into one section, two sections and three sections along the vertical direction of the grid bars from the feeding side to the discharging side. The area of ​​the one section bed surface accounts for 40-60%, the area of ​​the two section bed surface accounts for 15-30%, and the area of ​​the three section bed surface accounts for 20-30%. The collecting hopper includes a heavy material collecting hopper, an intermediate material collecting hopper and a light material collecting hopper. The one section bed surface corresponds to the heavy material collecting hopper, the two section bed surface corresponds to the intermediate material collecting hopper, and the three section bed surface corresponds to the light material collecting hopper.

[0018] A step-type fluidized mineral separation method, using the above-mentioned step-type fluidized mineral separator, comprises the following steps:

[0019] After the mineral to be sorted is added from the feed port, the mineral is spread on the feeding end and one side of the feeding side of the bed surface under the action of gravity, and then begins to be simultaneously subjected to the vertical vibration force of the vertical vibration device, the horizontal vibration force of the horizontal vibration device, and the fluidization force of the air flow blown into the vent of the air supply device on the bed surface. Under the joint action of the gravity component of the mineral itself on the inclined bed surface, a composite movement of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration, and wind fluidization is realized on the bed surface, and the mineral is fluidized under the action of this composite movement;

[0020] The minerals with lower density have faster flow speed, and the corresponding amplitude or moving distance is larger, while the minerals with higher density have slower flow speed, and the corresponding amplitude or moving distance is smaller, so that the minerals with lower density are finally gathered in the upper material layer, and the minerals with higher density are gathered in the lower material layer; the minerals with lower density in the upper layer are easy to jump over the top of the grid bars during the vibration of the bed surface and enter the adjacent material channel with lower height and continue to be sorted, so that minerals with different densities have different sorting routes, and the high-density minerals are first sorted out from the material layer, discharged from the discharge end of a section of the bed surface, and collected by the heavy material collection hopper to obtain heavy materials;

[0021] After the preliminary sorting, the minerals continue to be further sorted in the sorting area composed of multiple grids and bed surfaces under the action of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration of the bed surface and air blowing at the bottom of the material layer, so as to realize the step-by-step sorting of minerals; the minerals discharged from the second-stage bed surface contain certain high-density minerals and low-density minerals, which are returned to the feed port for re-sorting; the low-density materials are discharged from the discharge end of the third-stage bed surface and collected by the light material collection hopper to obtain light materials.

[0022] The working principle of the mineral separator of the present invention is as follows:

[0023] When the fluidized mineral separator of the present invention is used for sorting, after the minerals to be sorted are added from the feed port, they are laid on the feeding end and one side area of ​​the feeding side of the bed under the action of gravity, and the minerals are subjected to forces in five directions on the bed: first, the bed is driven by the vertical vibration device to jump up and down; second, the bed is driven by the horizontal vibration device to jump left and right; third, under the action of the air supply device, the air flow blown from the first-stage bed vents and the second-stage bed vents to the bottom of the material layer causes the minerals to generate buoyancy for upward movement; fourth, the height of the bed along the length direction of the grid bars is successively reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end, causing the minerals to generate a component force moving from the feeding end to the discharging end along the length direction of the grid bars; fifth, the height along the vertical direction of the grid bars is successively reduced from the feeding side to the discharging side, causing the minerals to generate a component force moving from the feeding side to the discharging side along the vertical direction of the grid bars. Under the combined action of the above five forces and the grid bars, the minerals realize the composite movement of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration and wind fluidization of the bed surface. Under the action of this composite movement, the minerals are fluidized, and step-by-step sorting is realized to achieve the purpose of accurate sorting of minerals by density. The high-density materials separated by step fluidization are discharged from the discharge end of one section of the bed surface, and are collected by the heavy material collection hopper to obtain heavy materials; the separated low-density materials are discharged from the discharge end of the three-section bed surface, and are collected by the light material collection hopper to obtain light materials.

[0024] In order to improve the separation quality of minerals, the present invention sets a transitional second-stage bed surface between the first-stage bed surface and the third-stage bed surface. The minerals discharged through the second-stage bed surface contain certain high-density minerals and low-density minerals, and these minerals are returned to the feed port for re-sorting.

[0025] In the process of mineral sorting, in order to reduce the dust overflow from the system into the operating environment, a dust-containing gas collection device is arranged above the bed surface to collect the gas and floating dust after mineral separation, and the area composed of the bed surface and the collection cover is set as a negative pressure area. The dust-containing gas generated in the process of mineral sorting is collected by the collection cover and then transported into the cyclone separator through a pipeline. The cyclone separator separates the air from most of the dust, thereby protecting the blower impeller. The purified air is pressurized by the blower and then returned to the sorting system for utilization, thereby forming a closed-loop circulation of the airflow.

[0026] In the process of mineral sorting, a bag dust removal and exhaust system is installed in the system for a small amount of air inhaled from the outside during the circulation of the sorting airflow through the blower, ventilation main, bed separation, dust-containing gas collection and cyclone separator. This part of the air is dedusted by the bag dust collector and then pressurized by the induced draft fan for discharge.

[0027] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. The bed surface can realize the composite motion of horizontal swing and up and down bouncing. Under the action of the composite motion and the airflow from the bottom, the minerals have different travel routes while "separating and stratifying" according to their different densities, thereby realizing mineral separation.

[0029] 2. According to the density difference or particle size of the minerals to be selected, determine the vibration stroke and stroke frequency of the horizontal vibration device and the frequency and amplitude of the vertical vibration device, and make corresponding adjustments. At the same time, adjust the inclination slope of the bed through the bed adjustment mechanism, so that the particles in the minerals have different movement speeds and movement trajectories on the bed due to density differences or particle sizes, thereby achieving the separation of different minerals.

[0030] 3. The stepped fluidized bed mineral separator is used to separate materials of different densities in the minerals, which overcomes the problems existing in the existing mineral sorting, greatly shortens the production process, reduces production costs, and has the characteristics of low production energy consumption, high classification efficiency, high separation accuracy, and high single-machine output.

[0031] 4. The present invention sets the sorting area of ​​the mineral separator as a negative pressure area, which can effectively prevent the overflow of dusty air during the mineral sorting process, which is beneficial to protecting the environment; a small amount of dusty air inhaled from the outside due to poor sealing in the sorting system is dedusted by the bag collector, and the clean air is pressurized by the exhaust fan and discharged into the atmosphere, which is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the stepped fluidized mineral separator of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the stepped fluidized mineral separation machine bed surface of the present invention;

[0034] In the figure, 1-bed surface, 2-grids, 3-material channel, 4-ventilation hole, 5-feeding side, 6-discharge side, 7-feeding end, 8-discharge end, 9-feeding port, 10-heavy material collection hopper, 11-intermediate material collection hopper, 12-light material collection hopper, 13-driving motor, 1401-crank, 1402-connecting rod, 15-cross universal joint, 16-elastic support column, 17-spring, 18-spring base, 19-support plate, 20-fixed column, 21-ventilation hood, 22-ventilation main pipe, 23-blower, 24-collection hood, 25-cyclone separator, 26-bag dust collector, 27-induced draft fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other improvements or modifications obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] A stepped fluidized mineral separator comprises a bed surface 1, a vertical vibration device, a horizontal vibration device, an air supply device and a dust collection device, wherein:

[0037] The bed surface 1 is a rectangular inclined structure, which is a right-angled trapezoid in this embodiment. A plurality of lattice bars 2 with a certain height are arranged on the bed surface 1 along its longitudinal direction, and a material channel 3 is formed between two adjacent lattice bars. The wider bottom side of the right-angled trapezoidal bed surface 1 forms a feeding side 5, and the other bottom side forms a discharge side 6. A vertical side forms a feeding end 7 and is provided with a feeding port 9 connected to the bed surface 1, and the other inclined side forms a discharge end 8. The discharge end 8 is provided with a plurality of collecting hoppers connected to the material channel 3. The feeding port 9 is specifically arranged at a corner where the feeding end 7 intersects with the feeding side 5. , and adopts a chute structure; baffle plates (not shown in the figure) are respectively arranged on the sides of the feeding side 5, the discharging side 6 and the feeding end 7; the height of the bed surface 1 gradually decreases from the feeding end 7 to the discharging end 8 along the length direction of the lattice bars 2, and the height gradually decreases from the feeding side 5 to the discharging side 6 along the vertical direction of the lattice bars 2, that is, the highest point is formed at the feeding port 9, and the lowest point is formed at the intersection of the discharging side 6 and the discharging end 8; specifically, the longitudinal angle between the bed surface 1 and the horizontal plane is 1-10°, and the transverse angle between the bed surface 1 and the horizontal plane is 1-15°; the height of the lattice bars 2 is 5-10mm. The material channel 3 is provided with a plurality of vent holes 4 along its length, and the vent holes 4 are connected to an air supply device for blowing air into the vent holes 4. The air flow blown into the vent holes 4 can blow the material up and down to promote the fluidization of the material; the vent holes 4 can have the same aperture, or the apertures near the feeding end 7 and the feeding side 5 can be small, and the apertures near the discharge end 8 and the discharge side 6 can be large (such as Figure 2 to optimize fluidization.

[0038] In this embodiment, the bed surface 1 can be divided into a first bed surface, a second bed surface and a third bed surface in sequence along the vertical direction of the grid bars 2 from the feeding side 5 to the discharging side 6 (such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the area of ​​the first bed section accounts for 40-60%, the area of ​​the second bed section accounts for 15-30%, and the area of ​​the third bed section accounts for 20-30%. The collecting hoppers include a heavy material collecting hopper 10, an intermediate material collecting hopper 11, and a light material collecting hopper 12. The first bed section corresponds to the heavy material collecting hopper 10, the second bed section corresponds to the intermediate material collecting hopper 11, and the third bed section corresponds to the light material collecting hopper 12. Ventilation holes may not be provided on the three-section bed, and in order to facilitate material discharge, the lattice bars on the three-section bed section may be made into an arc shape for introducing the light material collecting hopper 12. The inner ends of the lattice bars on the three-section bed section are connected to the outermost lattice bars on the second bed section (as shown in the figure). Figure 2 as shown).

[0039] The horizontal vibration device is connected to one end of the bed surface 1, and in this embodiment is connected to the feeding end 7 of the bed surface, and is used to drive the bed surface 1 to vibrate horizontally along the length direction of the grid bars 2. As a structural form, the horizontal vibration device is composed of a driving motor 13, a crank-connecting rod mechanism and a cross universal joint 15. The motor shaft of the driving motor 13 is movably connected to one end of the crank 1401 of the crank-connecting rod mechanism, and the other end of the crank 1401 is movably connected to the connecting rod 1402 of the crank-connecting rod mechanism. The other end of the connecting rod 1402 is fixed to the bed surface 1 through the cross universal joint 15. When the driving motor 13 is started, the connecting rod 1402 can drive the bed surface 1 to perform horizontal lateral reciprocating motion. Of course, the horizontal vibration device can also adopt other existing structural forms that can generate horizontal vibration, such as a horizontal vibration motor.

[0040] The vertical vibration device is arranged at the bottom of the bed surface 1, and is used to drive the bed surface 1 to vibrate vertically up and down. As a structural form, the vertical vibration device includes an elastic support column 16, a spring 17 and a support plate 19. The elastic support column 16 is located at the center of the bottom of the bed surface 1. The spring 17 includes multiple groups and is arranged around the elastic support column 16. The bottom of the spring 17 is provided with a spring base 18 and the top is connected to the support plate 19. The top of the elastic support column 16 is fixed to the support plate 19. The support plate 19 is fixed to the bed surface 1 through a fixing column 20. The elastic support column 16 can be composed of a rubber column or other elastic materials; of course, the vertical vibration device can also adopt other existing structural forms that can generate vertical vibrations, such as a vertical vibration motor.

[0041] The air supply device includes a plurality of ventilation hoods 21 located below the bed surface 1, a ventilation main pipe 22 connected to the ventilation hoods 21, and a blower 23, the air outlet of the blower 23 is connected to the air inlet end of the ventilation main pipe 22, the ventilation hoods 21 are conical in shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom, and a single ventilation hood is connected to a plurality of ventilation holes 4, and covers all the ventilation holes through adjacent arrangement.

[0042] The dust collection device includes a collection hood 24, a dust collector and an induced draft fan 27 connected in sequence through a connecting pipe. The collection hood 24 is arranged directly above the bed surface 1. The dust collector includes a cyclone separator 25 and a bag dust collector 26 connected in sequence. The air outlet of the cyclone separator 25 is connected to the bag dust collector 26 and the air inlet of the air supply device blower 23 at the same time. The solid material outlet of the cyclone separator 25 directly discharges the separated solid materials. The tail end of the bag dust collector 26 is connected to the induced draft fan 27 to exhaust the excess gas after dust removal.

[0043] A method for mineral separation using the above-mentioned stepped fluidized mineral separator comprises the following steps:

[0044] After the mineral to be sorted is added from the feed port, the mineral is spread on the feeding end and one side of the feeding side of the bed surface under the action of gravity, and then begins to be simultaneously subjected to the vertical vibration force of the vertical vibration device, the horizontal vibration force of the horizontal vibration device, and the fluidization force of the air flow blown into the vent of the air supply device on the bed surface. Under the joint action of the gravity component of the mineral itself on the inclined bed surface, a composite movement of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration, and wind fluidization is realized on the bed surface, and the mineral is fluidized under the action of this composite movement;

[0045] The minerals with lower density have faster flow speed, and the corresponding amplitude or moving distance is larger, while the minerals with higher density have slower flow speed, and the corresponding amplitude or moving distance is smaller, so that the minerals with lower density are finally gathered in the upper material layer, and the minerals with higher density are gathered in the lower material layer; the minerals with lower density in the upper layer are easy to jump over the top of the grid bars during the vibration of the bed surface and enter the adjacent material channel with lower height and continue to be sorted, so that minerals with different densities have different sorting routes, and the high-density minerals are first sorted out from the material layer, discharged from the discharge end of a section of the bed surface, and collected by the heavy material collection hopper to obtain heavy materials;

[0046] After the preliminary sorting, the minerals continue to be further sorted in the sorting area composed of multiple grids and bed surfaces under the action of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration of the bed surface and air blowing at the bottom of the material layer, so as to realize the step-by-step sorting of minerals; the minerals discharged from the second-stage bed surface contain certain high-density minerals and low-density minerals, which are returned to the feed port for re-sorting; the low-density materials are discharged from the discharge end of the third-stage bed surface and collected by the light material collection hopper to obtain light materials.

[0047] The mineral separator of the present invention can be widely used for the separation of mineral particles such as coal, nonferrous metals, rare metals, and precious metals, and the feed particle size of the mineral particles is generally not more than 30 mm. In addition, a blower air pressure regulating device can be added, and the horizontal vibration device and the vertical vibration device can be respectively provided with horizontal amplitude and vertical amplitude regulating mechanisms. According to the density difference or particle size of the mineral to be selected, the vibration stroke and stroke frequency of the horizontal vibration device, the frequency and amplitude of the vertical vibration device, and the air pressure of the blower are determined. At the same time, the inclination slope of the bed surface can be adjusted by adding a bed surface regulating mechanism, so that the mineral separator has better adaptability.

Claims

1. A stepped fluidized mineral separator, characterized in that: It includes a bed surface, a horizontal vibration device and a vertical vibration device, wherein: The bed surface is a rectangular inclined structure, and a plurality of grid bars with a certain height are arranged on the bed surface along its longitudinal direction, and a material channel is formed between two adjacent grid bars. A feeding side is formed on one side of the bed surface along the longitudinal direction, and a discharging side is formed on the other side. A feeding end is formed at one end of the bed surface along the longitudinal direction and is provided with a feeding port connected to the bed surface, and the other end forms a discharging end. The discharging end is provided with a plurality of collecting hoppers connected to the material channel; the height of the bed surface gradually decreases from the feeding end to the discharging end along the length direction of the grid bars, and the height gradually decreases from the feeding side to the discharging side along the vertical direction of the grid bars, that is, the highest point is formed at the feeding port, and the lowest point is formed at the intersection of the discharging side and the discharging end; a plurality of ventilation holes are opened on the material channel along its length direction, and the ventilation holes are connected to an air supply device for blowing air into the ventilation holes; The bed surface is divided into one section, two sections and three sections in sequence along the vertical direction of the grid bars from the feeding side to the discharging side. The area of ​​the one section accounts for 40-60%, the area of ​​the two section accounts for 15-30%, and the area of ​​the three section accounts for 20-30%. The collecting hopper includes a heavy material collecting hopper, an intermediate material collecting hopper and a light material collecting hopper. The one section of the bed surface corresponds to the heavy material collecting hopper, the two section of the bed surface corresponds to the intermediate material collecting hopper, and the three section of the bed surface corresponds to the light material collecting hopper. The horizontal vibration device is connected to one end of the bed surface and is used to drive the bed surface to vibrate horizontally along the length direction of the grid bars; The vertical vibration device is arranged at the bottom of the bed surface and is used to drive the bed surface to vibrate up and down in the vertical direction.

2. A stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply device includes multiple ventilation hoods located below the bed surface, a ventilation main pipe connected to the ventilation hoods, and a blower. The air outlet of the blower is connected to the air inlet end of the ventilation main pipe. A single ventilation hood is connected to multiple ventilation holes and covers all the ventilation holes through adjacent arrangement.

3. A stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a dust collection device, which includes a collection hood, a dust collector and an induced draft fan that are sequentially connected through a connecting pipe, and the collection hood is arranged directly above the bed surface.

4. A stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dust collector comprises a cyclone separator and a bag dust collector which are connected in sequence, and the air outlet of the cyclone separator is also connected to the air inlet of the blower of the air supply device.

5. A stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vent holes have the same aperture, or the vent holes near the feeding end and the feeding side have small apertures, and the vent holes near the discharge end and the discharge side have large apertures.

6. A stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle between the bed surface and the horizontal plane is 1 to 10 degrees in the longitudinal direction, and the included angle between the bed surface and the horizontal plane is 1 to 15 degrees in the transverse direction.

7. A stepped fluidized mineral separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the lattice bars is 5-10 mm.

8. A step-by-step fluidized mineral separation method, characterized in that: The step-type fluidized mineral separator according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: After the mineral to be sorted is added from the feed port, the mineral is spread on the feeding end and one side of the feeding side of the bed surface under the action of gravity, and then begins to be simultaneously subjected to the vertical vibration force of the vertical vibration device, the horizontal vibration force of the horizontal vibration device, and the fluidization force of the air flow blown into the vent of the air supply device on the bed surface. Under the joint action of the gravity component of the mineral itself on the inclined bed surface, a composite movement of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration, and wind fluidization is realized on the bed surface, and the mineral is fluidized under the action of this composite movement; The minerals with lower density have faster flow speed, and the corresponding amplitude or moving distance is larger, while the minerals with higher density have slower flow speed, and the corresponding amplitude or moving distance is smaller, so that the minerals with lower density are finally gathered in the upper material layer, and the minerals with higher density are gathered in the lower material layer; the minerals with lower density in the upper layer are easy to jump over the top of the grid bars during the vibration of the bed surface and enter the adjacent material channel with lower height and continue to be sorted, so that minerals with different densities have different sorting routes, and the high-density minerals are first sorted out from the material layer, discharged from the discharge end of a section of the bed surface, and collected by the heavy material collection hopper to obtain heavy materials; After the preliminary sorting, the minerals continue to be further sorted in the sorting area composed of multiple grids and bed surfaces under the action of horizontal vibration, vertical vibration of the bed surface and air blowing at the bottom of the material layer, so as to realize the step-by-step sorting of minerals; the minerals discharged from the second-stage bed surface contain certain high-density minerals and low-density minerals, which are returned to the feed port for re-sorting; the low-density materials are discharged from the discharge end of the third-stage bed surface and collected by the light material collection hopper to obtain light materials.

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