An online sample collection system and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an online sample collection system and method, belonging to the field of sample detection technology. The online sample collection system comprises a first purge system capable of conveying inert gas, a sampling structure, and a second purge system connected in sequence through a pipeline, a first switching structure, a second switching structure, and a vacuum system. The first purge system is connected to the pipeline between the first switching structure and the second switching structure, and the sampling structure is connected to the second switching structure. The sampling structure has an exhaust port that can be opened and closed; the first switching structure is connected to a sampling pipeline, and the sampling pipeline can extend into the solid material of a reaction device, and the second purge system can convey a gas of the same type as at least one gas in the reaction device. The structure is compact, continuous sampling can be realized, and solid materials are avoided from remaining in the pipeline and the switching structure, and the collection efficiency is high. And it can ensure the freshness of the collected samples and the accuracy of the subsequent sample characterization results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sample detection, and in particular to an online sample collection system and method. Background Art

[0002] In process industries, the characterization of material reaction processes is the basis for studying reaction mechanisms, optimizing reaction parameters, improving product yields, and controlling reaction processes. At present, most studies on the characterization of material reaction processes in process industries use devices such as thermogravimetric analyzers, fixed bed / fluidized bed reactors, electrothermal grid reactors, and Curie point reactors, which are implemented by online or offline detection of gas phase products during the reaction process. Although the above methods can be used to analyze the kinetic parameters during the reaction process and control the reaction process to a certain extent, since solid particulate matter cannot be obtained during the reaction process, it is impossible to characterize the solid particles, and it is impossible to capture the "mutation point" of the reaction process and explore the changes in the mechanism of the transformation process.

[0003] In response to the above problems, a particle collection system for solid particles has emerged. However, the existing particle collection system has a complex structure, and solid particles often remain in the pipeline and switching structure after sampling. It is not suitable for continuous sampling operations and has low collection efficiency. In addition, the residual solid particles will cause wear to the switching structure, reducing its service life. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online sample collection system and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art that the particle collection system has a complex structure, solid particles often remain in the pipelines and components after sampling, are not suitable for continuous sampling operations, have low collection efficiency, and the switching structure is easy to wear.

[0005] As conceived above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] An online sample collection system comprises a first purge system capable of conveying inert gas, a sampling structure, a second purge system, a first switching structure, a second switching structure and a vacuum system which are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the first purge system is connected to the pipeline between the first switching structure and the second switching structure, the sampling structure is connected to the second switching structure, and the sampling structure has an exhaust port which can be opened and closed; the first switching structure is connected to a sampling pipeline, and the sampling pipeline can extend into a solid material of a reaction device, and the second purge system can convey a gas of the same type as at least one gas in the reaction device;

[0007] The first switching structure can selectively connect the reaction device to the second purge system or the second switching structure, and the second switching structure can selectively connect the sampling structure to the first switching structure or the vacuum system. The vacuum system is configured to evacuate the sampling structure so that the solid material in the reaction device enters the sampling structure under the action of the pressure difference.

[0008] Furthermore, the first purge system includes a first gas storage tank, a first flow regulating structure and a first buffer tank connected in sequence, the first gas storage tank is filled with inert gas, and the first buffer tank is connected to a pipeline between the first switching structure and the second switching structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the second purge system includes a second gas storage tank, a second flow regulating structure and a second buffer tank connected in sequence, the second gas storage tank is filled with a gas of the same type as at least one gas in the reaction device, and the second buffer tank is connected to the first switching structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the vacuum pumping system includes a vacuum pump, a first filter and a vacuum regulating valve which are connected in sequence, and the vacuum regulating valve is connected to the second switching structure through a pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the online sample collection system also includes a connecting structure, which has a first interface, a second interface and a third interface that are connected to each other, the first interface is connected to the first purge system, the second interface is connected to the first switching structure, and the third interface is connected to the second switching structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the online sample collection system also includes a gas detection system, which includes a gas detection device, a water removal structure and a second filter connected in sequence, and the second filter can be connected to the reaction device through a pipeline.

[0013] Furthermore, the gas detection system also includes a three-way valve, which has a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port is connected to the water removal structure, the second port is connected to the gas detection device, and the third port is an exhaust port.

[0014] Furthermore, the portion of the sample injection pipeline extending outside the reaction device, the pipeline between the first switching structure and the second switching structure, and the pipeline between the second switching structure and the sampling structure are all wrapped with a heat-insulating layer.

[0015] To achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an online sample collection method, which is applied to the online sample collection system in any of the above solutions.

[0016] Furthermore, the online sample collection method comprises:

[0017] Switch the second switching structure to connect the sampling structure to the vacuum pumping system, and evacuate the sampling structure, adjust the vacuum degree of the sampling structure through the vacuum regulating valve until the pressure in the sampling structure is within the preset pressure range, and stop evacuating;

[0018] By adjusting the first switching structure and the second switching structure, the reaction device and the sampling structure are connected through the connecting pipeline, and the solid material in the reaction device enters the sampling structure along the pipeline under the action of the pressure difference between the reaction device and the sampling structure;

[0019] Adjusting the second switching structure to connect the sampling structure to the vacuum system, and vacuuming the sampling structure again to extract the reaction gas entering the sampling structure from the reaction device, and at the same time delivering inert gas to the connecting pipeline between the reaction device and the sampling structure through the first purge system to blow the solid particles remaining in a part of the connecting pipeline between the connection point of the first purge system and the connecting pipeline and the reaction device back into the reaction device;

[0020] Stop evacuating the sampling structure, and switch the first switching structure to the second purge system connected to the reaction device, and purge the sampling pipeline through the second purge system; at the same time, switch the second switching structure to the first purge system connected to the sampling structure, open the exhaust port of the sampling structure, and deliver inert gas to the connecting pipeline between the reaction device and the sampling structure through the first purge system, so as to purge the solid particles remaining in a part of the connecting pipeline between the connection point of the first purge system and the connecting pipeline and the sampling structure into the sampling structure with the inert atmosphere;

[0021] Close the first purge system, replace the sampling structure, and keep the second purge system open.

[0022] Furthermore, the online sample collection method further comprises: allowing the gas in the reaction device to enter the gas detection device after filtering and dehydration.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The present invention proposes an online sample collection system and method. The online sample collection system can evacuate the sampling structure through a vacuum system. On the one hand, a small amount of solid material in the reaction device can enter the sampling structure under the action of the pressure difference. On the other hand, the gas entering the sampling structure from the reaction device can be extracted to prevent the solid material from continuing to react. By setting a second purge system and a first purge system, the pipeline, the first switching structure and the second switching structure of the online sample system can be completely purged to avoid residual solid material in the pipeline and the switching structure. In addition, the first purge system can also deliver inert gas to the sampling structure to protect the solid material in the sampling structure. The online sample collection system has a compact structure, can realize continuous sampling, has high collection efficiency, and can avoid residual solid material in the pipeline and the switching structure, thereby ensuring the freshness of the collected samples and the accuracy of the subsequent sample characterization results. In addition, it can also avoid the wear of the switching structure caused by the residual particles in it when it is repeatedly used, thereby extending the service life of the switching structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the online sample collection system provided by the present invention.

[0026] In the figure:

[0027] 1. First purge system; 11. First gas storage tank; 12. First flow regulating structure; 13. First buffer tank; 2. Sampling structure; 21. Exhaust port; 3. Second purge system; 31. Second gas storage tank; 32. Second flow regulating structure; 33. Second buffer tank; 4. First switching structure; 5. Second switching structure; 6. Vacuum system; 61. Vacuum pump; 62. First filter; 63. Vacuum regulating valve; 7. Reaction device; 8. Connecting structure; 9. Gas detection system; 91. Gas detection device; 92. Water removal structure; 93. Second filter; 94. Three-way valve; 10. Sample injection line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0031] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and other directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides an online sample collection system, which includes a first purge system 1 capable of conveying inert gas, a sampling structure 2, and a second purge system 3, a first switching structure 4, a second switching structure 5, and a vacuum system 6 connected in sequence through pipelines. The first purge system 1 is connected to the pipeline between the first switching structure 4 and the second switching structure 5, the sampling structure 2 is connected to the second switching structure 5, the sampling structure 2 has an exhaust port 21 that can be opened and closed, the first switching structure 4 is connected to a sampling pipeline 10, and the sampling pipeline 10 can extend into the solid material of the reaction device 7, and the second purge system 3 can convey a gas of the same type as at least one gas in the reaction device 7; the first switching structure 4 can selectively connect the reaction device 7 to the second switching structure 5 or the second purge system 3, and the second switching structure 5 can selectively connect the sampling structure 2 to the first switching structure 4 or the vacuum system 6. The vacuum system 6 can vacuum the sampling structure 2, so that the solid material in the reaction device 7 enters the sampling structure 2 under the action of the pressure difference between the reaction device 7 and the sampling structure 2.

[0033] It should be noted that the solid material in the reaction device 7 is a catalyst or a component participating in the reaction, and the gas in the reaction device 7 is a component participating in the reaction or a gas product generated by the reaction. In this embodiment, the first switching structure 4 and the second switching structure 5 are preferably three-way valves. In addition, in this embodiment, the sampling structure 2 is a collection bottle with an exhaust port 21.

[0034] It can be understood that when collecting solid materials, the sampling structure 2 can first be connected to the vacuum system 6 through the second switching structure 5, the exhaust port 21 of the sampling structure 2 can be closed, and then the sampling structure 2 can be vacuumed through the vacuum system 6. Then, the second switching structure 5 is connected to the reaction device 7 through the first switching structure 4, and the sampling structure 2 is connected to the first switching structure 4 through the second switching structure 5. Under the action of the pressure difference between the reaction device 7 and the sampling structure 2, the solid material in the reaction device 7 enters the sampling structure 2 along the pipeline, thereby realizing the collection of solid materials. In addition, when the sampling structure 2 is connected to the vacuum system 6, the vacuum system 6 can extract the gas entering the sampling structure 2 from the reaction device 7 to prevent the solid material from continuing to react, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the subsequent characterization results. In addition, the first purge system 1 can not only purge the pipeline, but also transport inert gas into the sampling structure 2 to protect the solid material in the sampling structure 2, so as to facilitate the sealing of the solid material. The second purge system 3 can be used to blow the solid materials remaining in the sampling pipeline 10 back into the reaction device 7 , and prevent the materials in the reaction device 7 from entering the sampling pipeline 10 and reacting during sampling intervals, thereby preventing the sampling pipeline 10 from being blocked.

[0035] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the first purge system 1 includes a first gas storage tank 11, a first flow regulating structure 12 and a first buffer tank 13 connected in sequence, the first gas storage tank 11 is filled with inert gas, and the first buffer tank 13 is connected to the pipeline between the first switching structure 4 and the second switching structure 5. The flow rate of the inert gas transported outward from the first gas storage tank 11 can be adjusted through the first flow regulating structure 12; the inert gas can be buffered through the first buffer tank 13 to reduce the purge pressure, thereby preventing particles from being ejected from the reaction device 7 or the sampling structure 2 due to excessive purge pressure.

[0036] Further, the online sample collection system also includes a connecting structure 8, which has a first interface, a second interface and a third interface that are interconnected in pairs, the first interface is connected to the first buffer tank 13, the second interface is connected to the first switching structure 4, and the third interface is connected to the second switching structure 5. Of course, in other embodiments, the connecting structure 8 can also be set as a three-way valve, that is, the connecting structure 8 can selectively connect the first purge system 1 to the first switching structure 4 or the second switching structure 5. When the first purge system 1 is connected to the first switching structure 4, and the first switching structure 4 is connected to the reaction device 7, the first purge system 1 can blow the solid materials remaining in the pipeline between the connecting structure 8 and the first switching structure 4 and the injection pipeline 10 back into the reaction device 7. When the first purge system 1 is connected to the second switching structure 5, and the second switching structure 5 is connected to the sampling structure 2, the first purge system 1 can blow the solid materials remaining in the pipeline between the connecting structure 8 and the sampling structure 2 into the sampling structure 2, and at the same time, deliver inert gas to protect the solid materials in the sampling structure 2.

[0037] Refer again Figure 1 The second purge system 3 includes a second gas storage tank 31, a second flow regulating structure 32 and a second buffer tank 33 which are connected in sequence. The second gas storage tank 31 is filled with a gas of the same type as at least one gas in the reaction device 7. The second buffer tank 33 is connected to the first switching structure 4. The flow rate of the inert gas transported outward from the second gas storage tank 31 can be adjusted through the second flow regulating structure 32; the pressure of the gas transported from the second gas storage tank 33 to the sampling device 7 can be reduced through the second buffer tank 33, so as to avoid particles being ejected from the reaction device 7 due to excessive purge pressure.

[0038] The vacuum pumping system 6 includes a vacuum pump 61, a first filter 62 and a vacuum regulating valve 63 connected in sequence, and the vacuum regulating valve 63 is connected to the second switching structure 5 through a pipeline. When the second switching structure 5 connects the sampling structure 2 and the vacuum regulating valve 63, the vacuum pump 61 can evacuate the sampling structure 2. Furthermore, the output power of the vacuum pump 61 can be adjusted through the vacuum regulating valve 63, so as to realize the regulation of the vacuum degree in the sampling structure 2.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the online sample collection system also includes a gas detection system 9. Specifically, the gas detection system 9 includes a gas detection device 91, a water removal structure 92, and a second filter 93 connected in sequence. The second filter 93 can be connected to the reaction device 7 through a pipeline. The gas in the reaction device 7 can enter the gas detection device 91 after passing through the second filter 93 and the water removal structure 92, thereby realizing the detection of the gas.

[0040] Furthermore, the gas detection system 9 also includes a three-way valve 94, which has a first port, a second port and a third port, wherein the first port is connected to the water removal structure 92, the second port is connected to the gas detection device 91, and the third port is an exhaust port. By setting the three-way valve 94, when it is necessary to detect the gas, the first port and the second port can be connected, and when it is not necessary to detect the gas, the first port and the third port can be connected to exhaust the gas.

[0041] Optionally, in order to prevent the easily condensable components in the gas discharged from the reaction device 7 from condensing in the pipeline and adhering to particulate matter to cause pipeline blockage, the portion of the sampling pipeline 10 of the online sample collection system extending outside the reaction device 7, the pipeline between the first switching structure 4 and the second switching structure 5, and the pipeline between the second switching structure 5 and the sampling structure 2 are all wrapped with a thermal insulation layer. Furthermore, a heating structure can be set on each section of the pipeline, and the heating structure can be a pipeline with high-temperature liquid or an electric heating structure; or each section of the pipeline is set as a double-layer structure, the inner layer is a pipeline for the circulation of solid materials, and a high-temperature liquid can be set in the interlayer.

[0042] It should be noted that the reaction device 7 is an experimental device that can perform gas-solid two-phase reactions, and can be made of either metal or non-metal (e.g., quartz glass); can perform fixed bed reactions, or can be connected to an external fluidizing gas to perform reactions in a fluidized bed state; can be used for reactions occurring at room temperature, or for reactions occurring in a hot state (including but not limited to catalytic, pyrolysis, and gasification reactions);

[0043] Furthermore, the reaction device 7 has a heating structure (the specific structure is not indicated in the present invention). For example, a heating furnace may be provided outside the reaction device 7.

[0044] The working process of the online sample collection system will be described in detail below.

[0045] 1. The sampling structure 2 is connected to the second switching structure 5 through a pipeline. The second switching structure 5 connects the collection bottle and the vacuum system 6. The exhaust port 21 of the collection bottle is closed, and then the vacuum pump 61 is turned on to evacuate the collection bottle. The vacuum degree of the collection bottle is adjusted by the vacuum regulating valve 63 until the pressure in the collection bottle is within the preset pressure range, thereby realizing the regulation of the pressure of the collection bottle.

[0046] 2. Turn off the vacuum pump 61. After the pressure in the collection bottle is stable, the collection bottle and the first switching structure 4 are connected through the second switching structure 5. At the same time, the second switching structure 5 and the reaction device 7 are connected through the first switching structure 4. Under the action of the pressure difference between the reaction device 7 and the collection bottle, the solid material in the reaction device 7 enters the collection bottle through the sampling pipeline 10, the first switching structure 4, and the second switching structure 5, thereby realizing the collection of solid material samples.

[0047] 3. After the sampling is completed, the collection bottle and the vacuum system 6 are connected through the second switching structure 5, and then the inert gas is transported to the pipeline between the first switching structure 4 and the second switching structure 5 through the first purge system 1. The inert gas enters the reaction device 7 through the first switching structure 4 and the sampling pipeline 10, so as to purge the solid materials remaining in the pipeline between the connecting structure 8 and the first switching structure 4 and the sampling pipeline 10. At the same time, the vacuum pump 61 is turned on to evacuate the collection bottle again, and the gas entering the collection bottle from the reaction device 7 is extracted to prevent the solid materials from continuing to react.

[0048] 4. Turn off the vacuum pump 61, open the exhaust port 21 of the collection bottle, connect the collection bottle with the first purge system 1 through the second switching structure 5, connect the reaction device 7 with the second purge system 3 through the first switching structure 4, and purge the sample injection pipeline 10 again through the second purge system 3. At the same time, the first purge system 1 delivers inert gas to the pipeline between the first switching structure 4 and the second switching structure 5, and the inert gas enters the collection bottle through the second switching structure 5, so as to purge the pipeline between the connecting structure 8 and the collection bottle, and at the same time, the solid materials in the collection bottle can be sealed and protected.

[0049] 5. Close the first purge system 1, replace the collection bottle, and prepare for the next solid material sampling. At this time, in order to prevent the solid materials in the reaction device 7 from entering the sampling pipeline 10 under the action of the gas and reacting therein, causing the sampling pipeline 10 to be blocked, the second purge system 3 should be continuously opened during the sampling interval to purge the sampling pipeline 10.

[0050] When it is necessary to detect the gas in the reaction device 7, the first port and the second port of the three-way valve 94 are connected, and the gas enters the gas detection device 91 after passing through the second filter 93 and the water removal structure 92. When it is not necessary to detect the gas in the reaction device 7, the first port and the third port of the three-way valve 94 are connected to exhaust the gas in the reaction device 7.

[0051] In summary, the online sample collection system provided in this embodiment can evacuate the sampling structure 2 through the vacuum system 6. On the one hand, the solid materials in the reaction device 7 can enter the sampling structure 2 under the action of the pressure difference. On the other hand, the gas entering the sampling structure 2 from the reaction device 7 can be extracted to prevent the solid materials from continuing to react. Through the second purge system 3 and the first purge system 1, the pipeline, the first switching structure 4 and the second switching structure 5 of the online sample system can be completely purged to avoid residual solid materials in the pipeline and the switching structure, and the first purge system 1 can also deliver inert gas to the sampling structure 2 to protect the solid materials in the sampling structure 2. The online sample collection system has a compact structure, can realize continuous sampling, has high collection efficiency, and can avoid residual solid materials in the pipeline and the switching structure, ensuring the freshness of the collected samples and the accuracy of the subsequent sample characterization results. In addition, it can also avoid the wear of the switching structure caused by the residual particles in it when it is repeatedly used, thereby extending the service life of the switching structure.

[0052] This embodiment also provides an online sample collection method, which is applied to the above-mentioned online sample collection system. Specifically, the online sample collection method includes:

[0053] The second switching structure 5 is switched to connect the sampling structure 2 with the vacuum pumping system 6, and the sampling structure 2 is vacuumed, and the vacuum degree of the sampling structure 2 is adjusted by the vacuum regulating valve 63 until the internal pressure of the sampling structure 2 is within the preset pressure range, and the vacuum pumping is stopped;

[0054] By adjusting the first switching structure 4 and the second switching structure 5, the reaction device 7 is connected to the sampling structure 2 through the connecting pipeline, and the solid material in the reaction device 7 enters the sampling structure 2 along the pipeline under the action of the pressure difference between the reaction device 7 and the sampling structure 2;

[0055] The second switching structure 5 is adjusted to connect the sampling structure 2 with the vacuum system 6, and the sampling structure 2 is vacuumed again to extract the reaction gas that enters the sampling structure 2 from the reaction device 7 to ensure that the collected sample will not continue to react in the sampling structure 2. At the same time, an inert gas is delivered to the connecting pipeline between the reaction device 7 and the sampling structure 2 through the first purge system 1 to blow the solid particles remaining in a part of the connecting pipeline between the connection point of the first purge system 1 and the connecting pipeline and the reaction device 7, that is, the connecting structure 8 and the first switching structure 4 back into the reaction device 7;

[0056] Stop evacuating the sampling structure 2, and switch the first switching structure 4 to the second purge system 3 to connect with the reaction device 7, and purge the sampling pipeline 10 through the second purge system 3; at the same time, switch the second switching structure 5 to the first purge system 1 to connect with the sampling structure 2, open the exhaust port 21 of the sampling structure 2, and deliver inert gas to the connecting pipeline between the reaction device 7 and the sampling structure 2 through the first purge system 1, so as to purge the solid particles remaining in the connecting pipeline between the connection point of the first purge system 1 and the connecting pipeline and the sampling structure 2, that is, the connecting structure 8 and the second switching structure 5, into the sampling structure 2 with inert gas. Complete the purging of the entire sampling pipeline and the inert gas sealing of the collected samples.

[0057] The first purge system 1 is closed, the sampling structure 2 is replaced, and the second purge system 3 is kept in an open state. At this time, by keeping the second purge system 3 open, it is possible to prevent the solid materials in the reaction device 7 from entering the sampling pipeline 10 under the action of the gas and reacting therein, causing the sampling pipeline 10 to be blocked. That is, the second purge system 3 is continuously opened during the sampling interval to purge the sampling pipeline 10.

[0058] Furthermore, the online sample collection method further includes: allowing the gas in the reaction device 7 to enter the gas detection device 91 after filtering and dehydration. Specifically, the first port and the second port of the three-way valve 94 are connected, and the gas in the reaction device 7 enters the gas detection device 91 after passing through the second filter 93, the dehydration structure 92 and the three-way valve 94 in sequence.

[0059] The above embodiments are only to illustrate the basic principles and characteristics of the present invention. The present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may be subject to various changes and modifications, which are within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An online sample collection system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first purge system (1) capable of conveying an inert gas, a sampling structure (2), and a second purge system (3), a first switching structure (4), a second switching structure (5), and a vacuum system (6) connected in sequence through pipelines, wherein the first purge system (1) is connected to the pipeline between the first switching structure (4) and the second switching structure (5), the sampling structure (2) is connected to the second switching structure (5), and the sampling structure (2) has an exhaust port (21) that can be opened and closed; the first switching structure (4) is connected to a sampling pipeline (10), and the sampling pipeline (10) can extend into the solid material of the reaction device (7); the second purge system (3) can convey a gas of the same type as at least one gas in the reaction device (7); and the second purge system (3) is configured to purge the solid material remaining in the sampling pipeline (10) during a sampling interval; The first switching structure (4) can selectively connect the reaction device (7) to the second purge system (3) or the second switching structure (5), and the second switching structure (5) can selectively connect the sampling structure (2) to the first switching structure (4) or the vacuum system (6), and the vacuum system (6) is configured to evacuate the sampling structure (2), so that the solid material in the reaction device (7) enters the sampling structure (2) under the action of the pressure difference; The first purge system (1) comprises a first gas storage tank (11), a first flow regulating structure (12) and a first buffer tank (13) which are connected in sequence, the first gas storage tank (11) being filled with an inert gas, and the first buffer tank (13) being connected to a pipeline between the first switching structure (4) and the second switching structure (5); The second purge system (3) comprises a second gas storage tank (31), a second flow regulating structure (32) and a second buffer tank (33) which are connected in sequence, the second gas storage tank (31) being filled with a gas of the same type as at least one gas in the reaction device (7), and the second buffer tank (33) being connected to the first switching structure (4); The online sample collection system further comprises a connecting structure (8), wherein the connecting structure (8) comprises a first interface, a second interface and a third interface which are all connected in pairs, wherein the first interface is connected to the first purge system (1), the second interface is connected to the first switching structure (4), and the third interface is connected to the second switching structure (5).

2. The online sample collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum pumping system (6) comprises a vacuum pump (61), a first filter (62) and a vacuum regulating valve (63) which are connected in sequence, and the vacuum regulating valve (63) is connected to the second switching structure (5) via a pipeline.

3. The online sample collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The online sample collection system further comprises a gas detection system (9), wherein the gas detection system (9) comprises a gas detection device (91), a water removal structure (92) and a second filter (93) connected in sequence, wherein the second filter (93) can be connected to the reaction device (7) via a pipeline.

4. The online sample collection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gas detection system (9) further comprises a three-way valve (94), the three-way valve (94) having a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port being connected to the water removal structure (92), the second port being connected to the gas detection device (91), and the third port being an exhaust port.

5. The online sample collection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The portion of the sample injection pipeline (10) extending outside the reaction device (7), the pipeline between the first switching structure (4) and the second switching structure (5), and the pipeline between the second switching structure (5) and the sampling structure (2) are all wrapped with a thermal insulation layer.

6. An online sample collection method, characterized in that: Applied to the online sample collection system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the online sample collection method comprises: Switch the second switching structure to connect the sampling structure to the vacuum pumping system, and evacuate the sampling structure, adjust the vacuum degree of the sampling structure through the vacuum regulating valve until the pressure in the sampling structure is within the preset pressure range, and stop evacuating the sample; By adjusting the first switching structure and the second switching structure, the reaction device and the sampling structure are connected through the connecting pipeline, and the solid material in the reaction device enters the sampling structure along the pipeline under the action of the pressure difference between the reaction device and the sampling structure; Adjusting the second switching structure to connect the sampling structure to the vacuum system, and vacuuming the sampling structure again to extract the reaction gas entering the sampling structure from the reaction device, and at the same time delivering inert gas to the connecting pipeline between the reaction device and the sampling structure through the first purge system to blow the solid particles remaining in a part of the connecting pipeline between the connection point of the first purge system and the connecting pipeline and the reaction device back into the reaction device; Stop evacuating the sampling structure, and switch the first switching structure to the second purge system connected to the reaction device, and purge the sampling pipeline through the second purge system; at the same time, switch the second switching structure to the first purge system connected to the sampling structure, open the exhaust port of the sampling structure, and deliver inert gas to the connecting pipeline between the reaction device and the sampling structure through the first purge system, so as to purge the solid particles remaining in a part of the connecting pipeline between the connection point of the first purge system and the connecting pipeline and the sampling structure into the sampling structure with the inert gas; Close the first purge system, replace the sampling structure, and keep the second purge system open.

7. The online sample collection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The online sample collection method further comprises: allowing the gas in the reaction device to enter the gas detection device after being filtered and dehydrated.

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