Compensation device for leakage current

Abstract

A compensation device (20) for compensating leakage current comprises a current difference measuring device (22), a first signal generating device (33), an amplifier (28) and a feeding device (39, 41). The first signal generating device (33) is designed to generate a first compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S1) suitable for compensation according to a first signal (I_DIFF) of the current difference measuring device (22) by means of analog signal processing and feed the first compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S1) to the amplifier (28) in an analog or digital manner. The amplifier (28) is designed to generate a compensation current (I_COMP) according to the first compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S1), and the feeding device (39, 41) is designed to enable the compensation current to be fed to at least one of the active conductors (51, 54).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a compensation device for compensating for leakage current, and the compensation device is used in particular in a charging device of a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Leakage currents are currents which flow under normal operating conditions in undesired current paths, for example from the outer conductors (L1 to L3) to the protective conductor (PE). In practice, such leakage currents are generated by the filter capacitors of the power supply filter, which are connected on one side, for example, to the DC voltage path and on the other side to the protective conductor (PE).

[0003] DE 195 25 417 C2 discloses an arrangement for ground current compensation of a power supply network having a passive impedance element.

[0004] DE 10 2010 013 642 A1 discloses a method for compensating for leakage currents.

[0005] EP 2 724 443 B1 discloses a compensation system for leakage currents. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a novel compensation device for compensating for leakage current and a vehicle having such a compensation device.

[0007] This object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1 .

[0008] A compensation device for compensating leakage current has a current difference measuring device, a first signal generating device, an amplifier and a feeding device. The current difference measuring device can be placed on an active conductor and is designed to detect a first signal and feed it to the first signal generating device, the first signal being analog and characterizing the current difference at the active conductors. The first signal generating device is designed to generate a first compensation current preset signal suitable for compensation according to the first signal by means of analog signal processing and feed the first compensation current preset signal to the amplifier in an analog or digital manner. The amplifier is designed to generate a compensation current according to the first compensation current preset signal, and the feeding device is designed to enable the compensation current to be fed to at least one of the active conductors.

[0009] The use of analog signal processing to generate the first compensation current preset signal at least partially allows for digital signal processing. Especially at low and high frequencies, digital signal processing can be disadvantageous or very complex and thus require expensive digital circuits.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the current difference measuring device is arranged on the active conductor.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the first signal generating device has a first analog filter, which is designed as a frequency filter / frequency selective filter. The use of a frequency filter makes it possible to take into account relevant frequency ranges and not take into account irrelevant or otherwise processed frequency ranges.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the first analog filter has a low-pass filter.Analog signal processing is well suited to low frequencies.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the first analog filter has a high-pass filter.The analog signal processing also enables high frequencies to be analyzed.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the first analog filter has:

[0015] - Band-stop filter,

[0016] - a bandpass filter, or

[0017] -Band stop filters and band pass filters.

[0018] This enables the low and high frequencies to be analyzed and the intermediate frequencies to be blocked out.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the first signal generating device has a second analog filter, which is designed to perform an inversion on the first signal or a signal derived from the first signal. By inversion, the generated signal can be used directly to generate the compensation current. However, if the amplifier is already inverted, this step is not required.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the compensation device has a control device, which is designed to enable digital signal processing. The additional provision of digital signal processing enables greater freedom than in analog signal processing, and digital signal processing can also be used to respond to monitoring or for diagnosis.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the compensation device has a compensation current measuring device, which is designed to measure the compensation current, generate a second signal characterizing this compensation current, and feed the second signal to the control device. The possibility of measuring the compensation current makes it possible to control the magnitude of the compensation current or the function of the amplifier. In addition, the compensation current can be freely generated in a controlled manner for diagnostic purposes.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the control device has a monitoring device, which is designed to monitor the magnitude of the compensation current by means of the second signal, thereby improving the reliability of the compensation device.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the control device is designed to generate a second compensation current preset signal according to the second signal and feed the second compensation current preset signal to the amplifier. As a result, the amplifier can also be influenced by the control device.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the compensation device has a signal preprocessing device, which has an A / D converter and is designed to convert the first signal into a third signal by means of the A / D converter and feed the third signal to the control device, wherein the third signal is a digital signal. Thus, the control device can perform digital processing on the signal.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the control device has a second signal generating device, which is designed to generate a second compensation current preset signal suitable for the compensation according to the third signal and feed the second compensation current preset signal to the amplifier. Therefore, the compensation current can be affected by both the first signal generating device and the second signal generating device. This can also be called a hybrid solution.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the first signal generating device is designed to analyze at least one first sub-frequency range of the first signal to determine the first compensation current preset signal, and the second signal generating device is designed to analyze at least one second sub-frequency range of the entire frequency range of the first signal when determining the second compensation current preset signal. Therefore, at least one first sub-frequency range and at least one second sub-range in the entire frequency range of the first signal are analyzed in different signal generating devices. This enables the corresponding signal generating device to be used in a suitable frequency range.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one first sub-frequency range does not overlap with the at least one second sub-frequency range. Since the sub-frequency ranges are different, no obvious double consideration is performed on certain sub-frequency ranges.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one of the at least one first sub-frequency range includes a frequency lower than each of the at least one second sub-frequency range. The analog signal processing is performed at the analyzed lowest frequency.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one of the at least one first sub-frequency range includes a frequency higher than each of the at least one second sub-frequency range. Analog signal processing is performed at the analyzed highest frequency.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, exactly one second sub-frequency range is provided. Digital signal processing works well in the intermediate frequency range and therefore no further subdivision is necessary and the arrangement is not unnecessarily complicated.

[0031] This object is also achieved by the subject matter of claim 18 .

[0032] A vehicle has a charging device for an electrical consumer, the charging device having a rectifier and an electrical consumer connected directly or indirectly to the rectifier, wherein the electrical consumer is electrically coupled to the active conductors, and wherein the charging device has a compensation device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical consumer is preferably a traction battery. In a vehicle with electrical coupling, leakage currents occurring inside the vehicle can also be detected outside the vehicle and can trigger fuses of the power supply network. The use of a compensation device is therefore particularly advantageous in this case.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, the charging device has an EMC filter or a mains filter. For example, leakage currents may occur in such filters, and the compensation device can advantageously act. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Further details and advantageous developments of the invention are derived from the exemplary embodiments described below and shown in the drawings, which are not to be understood as limiting the invention in any way, and from the dependent claims. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 An embodiment of a compensation device is shown;

[0036] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 An embodiment of a first signal generating device;

[0037] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 Embodiment of the signal preprocessing device;

[0038] Figure 4 Shows Figure 1 Embodiment of the control device;

[0039] Figure 5 Shows Figure 1 Embodiment of the compensation current selection device;

[0040] Figure 6Shows Figure 1 Schematic spectrum of the signal of the current difference measuring device, and

[0041] Figure 7 Shows Figure 1 Application of compensation device in vehicles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Figure 1 An embodiment of the compensation device 20 is shown. Five conductors 51, 52, 53, 54 and 55 are provided. In a three-phase power grid, for example, the conductors 51 to 53 can be connected to the external conductors (phases) L1, L2 and L3. The conductor 54 is connected to the neutral conductor N, and the conductor 55 is connected to the protective conductor PE. The conductors required for current conduction (for example, the conductors 51 to 53 for the external conductors L1, L2, L3 of the power supply network) and the conductor 54 for the neutral conductor N of the power supply network are called active conductors. The current difference measuring device 22 measures the current difference of the active conductors 51 to 54. The current difference measuring device 22 can be designed, for example, as a sum current transformer in the form of a winding around the active conductors 51 to 54. When no fault current or leakage current is generated, the sum of the currents passing through the conductors 51 to 54 and thus also the current passing through the winding is zero. In contrast, when, for example, a leakage current flows via the Y capacitor of the power filter from phase L1 via the rectifier to the protective conductor PE, the current difference measuring device 22 obtains the resulting current difference. It is also possible, for example, to separately measure the sum current through the conductors 51 to 53 (on the one hand) and through the conductor 54 (on the other hand), and then calculate the sum or difference between the two values ​​depending on the respective winding direction.

[0043] The signal I_DIFF of the current difference measuring device 22 is fed to the first signal generating device 33 via the conductor 23. The first signal generating device 33 is designed to generate a first compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S1 suitable for compensation according to the first signal I_DIFF by means of analog signal processing and feed the first compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S1 to the amplifier 28 via the conductor 34. Preferably, the first compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S1 is fed to the amplifier 28 in an analog manner. However, if the amplifier 28 requires a digital compensation current preset signal, the first compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S1 can be digitized in advance by an A / D converter (not shown).

[0044] Preferably, the signal I_DIFF is also fed to a signal preprocessing device 24 via a line 23. In the signal preprocessing device 24, for example, an A / D conversion is performed, and the resulting digital signal is referred to as I_DIFF_D. The signal preprocessing device 24 transmits the signal I_DIFF_D to a control device 26 via a line 25. The control device 26 (for example, designed as a microcontroller or a computing unit) calculates a value for a suitable compensation current or a second compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S2 based on the determined current difference signal I_DIFF_D. This value I_COMP_S2 is fed to an amplifier 28 via a line 27.

[0045] The amplifier 28 generates a corresponding compensation current I_COMP according to the first compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S1 and possibly also according to the second compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S2. For this purpose, the amplifier 28 is connected to the protective conductor 99 so that a current can flow out of or into the protective conductor 99. The amplifier 28 is connected to the compensation current measuring device 30 via the line 29. The compensation current measuring device 30 measures the compensation current and outputs a value or signal I_COMP_I to the control device 26 via the line 31.

[0046] The amplifier 28 may be designed, for example, as a differential amplifier with an operational amplifier, or alternatively, may be, for example, a digital-to-analog converter or a class-D amplifier.

[0047] The compensation current I_COMP reaches the compensation current selection device 36 via the conductor 32 .

[0048] The control device 26 can control the compensation current selection device 36 via a line 37 , via which the signal V_SEL can be transmitted. The compensation current selection device 36 can feed the compensation current to a first feed device 39 via a line 38 and / or to a second feed device 41 via a line 40 .

[0049] A power supply network identification device 42 is provided to identify the power supply network connected to the conductors 51 to 55. For this purpose, the power supply network identification device 42 measures the voltage on the terminals 51 to 55, for example, by means of a voltage measuring device. This can be done directly in the power supply network identification device 42, or in the control device 26. In the three-phase power grid of Central Europe, the conductors 51 to 55 are connected to the terminals L1, L2, L3, N and PE shown on the left. In the split-phase power grid of the United States, preferably the terminal HOT1 is connected to the conductor 51, the terminal HOT2 with a phase shift of 180° is connected to the conductor 54, and the protective conductor PE is connected to the conductor 55. In the single-phase power grid of Central Europe, since there is no clear correspondence between the plug and the socket, either the conductor 51 is connected to L1 and the conductor 54 is connected to N, or the conductor 51 is connected to N and the conductor 54 is connected to L1. Therefore, the correspondence is not mandatory and unique. The power supply network identification device 42 outputs the identification signal V_GRID to the control device 26 via the wire 43.

[0050] The feeding devices 39 and 41 may perform feeding, for example, by capacitive coupling or inductive coupling.

[0051] In a supply network with a neutral conductor N, feeding in this neutral conductor is preferred, since the voltage at the neutral conductor N is usually lower and the supply voltage used for feeding can therefore be lower compared to the voltage on the phases.

[0052] The signal I_COMP_S1 or I_COMP_S2 for the compensation current I_COMP is calculated, for example, by determining the spectrum of the current difference or signal I_DIFF, wherein a frequency range of 20 Hz to 300 kHz, for example, may be sufficient. The spectrum contains corresponding amplitudes, and the signal I_COMP_S is generated with a phase shift of 180° (in antiphase) to cause a corresponding compensation. Other calculations of the calculation integral are also possible.

[0053] Figure 2 An exemplary embodiment of a first signal generating device 33 is shown. The first signal generating device has a first filter 61 and a second filter 62. The analog signal I_DIFF is fed to the first filter 61 via the line 23.

[0054] The first filter 61 is designed as an analog frequency filter having a frequency-dependent transmission characteristic.

[0055] The first filter 61 may include, for example, a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, a band-stop filter and / or a band-pass filter.

[0056] As a bandpass filter, for example, a Butterworth filter, a Legendre filter or a Tschebyscheff filter can be used. Two cutoff frequencies are defined in a bandpass filter and a bandstop filter. In a bandpass filter, frequencies outside the frequency range defined by the cutoff frequency are attenuated; whereas in a bandstop filter, frequencies within this frequency range are attenuated. The cutoff frequency is usually defined as a frequency at which the amplitude drops by 3 dB.

[0057] For example, a first-order filter, a second-order filter or a higher-order filter can be used as a low-pass filter or a high-pass filter.

[0058] The signal I_DIFF generated by the first filter 61 (since it is affected by the first filter 61 , this signal may be referred to as I_DIFF′) is fed to the second filter 62 via the conductor 63 .

[0059] The second filter 62 is designed as an analog filter and is arranged to invert the first signal I_DIFF or a signal I_DIFF′ derived from the first signal I_DIFF. The inversion may be performed, for example, by an inverting amplifier.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the second filter 62 provides a signal I_COMP_S1 via the conductor 34 .

[0061] Designing the first signal generating device 33 to perform analog signal processing has advantages, especially at low frequencies and at high frequencies. Digital signal processing usually requires the entire cycle of the corresponding frequency for calculation. At low frequencies of several hertz, this causes a large delay and may have caused the fault current protection switch to be triggered. Digital signal processing requires a higher sampling rate at high frequencies based on the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, and on the other hand, the control device must be implemented accordingly quickly or powerfully, which is associated with high costs. The order of the filters 61 and 62 can be interchanged.

[0062] Figure 3 FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a signal preprocessing device 24 having a frequency filter 65 and an A / D converter 66. The analog signal I_DIFF is fed to the frequency filter 65 via the line 23. The frequency filter 65 can be used to select the analog signal I_DIFF. Figure 1The resulting signal can also be referred to as I_DIFF or I_DIFF" due to the change, and the resulting signal is fed to the A / D converter 66 via the conductor 67 and converted into a digital signal I_DIFF_D, which is fed to the A / D converter 66 via the conductor 25. Figure 1 The control device 26.

[0063] The frequency filter 65 may also be referred to as a third filter, and the third filter may be as for Figure 2 The first filter 61 is designed as in one of the aforementioned variants.

[0064] The order of the frequency filter 65 and the A / D converter 66 can be interchanged, wherein in this case the frequency filter 65 is designed as a digital one. The frequency filter 65 and the A / D converter 66 can also be integrated in Figure 1 In the control device 26.

[0065] Figure 4 An exemplary embodiment of a control device 26 is shown.

[0066] via Figure 1 The wire 25 feeds the signal I_DIFF_D to the second signal generating device 73. The second signal generating device 73 is connected to the D / A converter 75 via the wire 74, and the output end of the D / A converter 75 is connected to the wire 27 so as to feed the second compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S2 to Figure 1 The signal I_COMP_I is fed to the control device 26 via the line 31 and digitized by means of the A / D converter 78. The resulting digitized signal I_COMP_I_D is fed to the monitoring device 76 via the line 79. The monitoring device 76 is connected to the second signal generating device 73 via the line 77 and can influence it.

[0067] Therefore, on the one hand, the control device can calculate and output the second compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S2 according to the signal I_DIFF or I_DIFF_D. On the other hand, the control device 26 can analyze the signal I_COMP_I (which represents the magnitude of the compensation current I_COMP) and also influence the compensation current through the second signal generating device 73.

[0068] Figure 5 Shows Figure 136. A switch 110 is provided and its input is connected to the conductor 32, via which the compensation current I_COMP can be fed. The switch 110 can be controlled by the signal V_SEL via the conductor 37, and according to the signal V_SEL, the input of the switch 110 can be connected to the conductor 38 or to the conductor 40.

[0069] Figure 6 The spectrum of the signal I_DIFF is schematically shown. Such a spectrum can be generated, for example, by Fourier transforming the signal I_DIFF. The spectrum has multiple amplitudes at a specific frequency 131, or it is also possible to generate a wider frequency range 132 with an amplitude curve.

[0070] As described above, it is advantageous that at very low frequencies, for example in a frequency range F1 extending from a frequency f=0 Hz to a frequency f=f1, the first signal generating device 33 (see Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) performs analog signal processing. The frequency f1 may be, for example, 100 Hz or 500 Hz.

[0071] Preferably, the first signal generating device 33 ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 ) to perform analog signal processing. The frequency f2 may be, for example, 100 kHz or 200 kHz.

[0072] The frequency range F1 does not necessarily extend up to the frequency f=0 Hz, and the frequency range F3 may have an upper limit.

[0073] Between the frequency ranges F1 and F3 there is a frequency range F2 extending from the frequency f1 to the frequency f2. The frequency range F2 can be selectively generated by the first signal generating device 33 ( Figure 2 ) or by the second signal generating device 73 ( Figure 4 ) for analysis.

[0074] Processing the frequency range F2 in the first signal generating device 33 has the advantage that the complete processing of the signal I_DIFF can be implemented in the first signal generating device 33. Processing the frequency range F2 in the second signal generating device 73 has the advantage that digital signal processing provides easier optimization and other functions can be easily implemented.

[0075] If the two compensation current preset signals I_COMP_S1 and I_COMP_S2 are both present in analog or digital form, the connection can be realized by addition or (with different signs) subtraction. Alternatively, the individual compensation current preset signals can be weighted. If the amplifier 28 ( Figure 1 ) has both an analog input terminal for the first compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S1 and a digital input terminal for the second compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S2, and can also process these compensation current preset signals simultaneously. The first signal generating device 33 ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 ) is preferably designed to analyze at least one first sub-frequency range F1, F3 of the first signal I_DIFF to determine the first compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S1; and the second signal generating device 73 ( Figure 4 ) is preferably designed to analyze at least one second sub-frequency range F2 when determining the second compensation current preset signal I_COMP_S2. The sub-frequency range is a sub-range of the entire frequency range of the first signal I_DIFF. The second sub-frequency range F2 can be further subdivided. For example, sub-frequency ranges with interference can be excluded from the analysis.

[0076] Preferably, at least one first sub-frequency range F1, F3 and at least one second sub-frequency range F2 do not overlap. That is, the cut-off frequency of a sub-frequency range is not within the cut-off frequency of another sub-frequency range. This avoids considering the sub-frequency ranges multiple times. However, a smaller overlap is not important.

[0077] In this embodiment, the sub-frequency range F1 is lower than the sub-frequency range F2, so the analysis in the low sub-frequency range F1 is performed by analog signal processing. The sub-frequency range F3 has a higher frequency than the sub-frequency range F2 and is therefore also processed by the first signal generating device 33 ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 ) to handle high frequencies.

[0078] Figure 7 An exemplary embodiment of the use of conductors 51 to 55 with a schematically indicated compensation device 20 in a vehicle 10 , in particular in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, is shown.

[0079] Conductors 51 to 53 (phase conductors or external conductors), 54 (neutral conductor) and conductor 55 (protective conductor) are connected to a rectifier (AC / DC converter) 100, and two conductors 101 (+) and 102 (-) are provided at the output of the rectifier 100, on which a DC voltage is present. The assembly can thus be used as a charging device 12. Conductor 101 is connected to protective conductor 99 via capacitor 103, and conductor 102 is connected to protective conductor 99 via capacitor 104. Conductors 101, 102 are directly or indirectly (for example, via an additional DC / DC converter) connected to electrical consumers 105 (for example, power batteries). Capacitors 103, 104 are used as EMC filters or grid filters and are also referred to as Y capacitors or filter capacitors. During operation, current can flow to protective conductor 99 (PE) via capacitors 103, 104. Since the voltage on the conductors 101, 102 is generated by the current through the active conductors L1, L2, L3 and N, the leakage current to the protective conductor 99 causes a current difference in the active conductors 51 to 54, which can trigger the fuse or residual current protection switch of the power supply terminal when a preset limit value is exceeded. Common limit values ​​of fuses in power supply networks are, for example, 5mA, 20mA or 30mA.

[0080] By means of the compensation device 20 , leakage currents can be compensated in conventional electrical consumers to such an extent that the fuses of the power supply network are not triggered during normal operation due to exceeding a limit value of the leakage current.

[0081] This is particularly advantageous in charging devices 12 for electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, which have a galvanic coupling between the DC intermediate circuit 101, 102 and the conductors 51 to 54 or between the load 105 and the conductors 51 to 54. Unlike in vehicles with galvanic isolation, which can be the case, for example, in vehicles with a transformer in the rectifier 100 or the DC / DC converter, the leakage currents are accumulated in the galvanic coupling and are visible in the supply network. Therefore, the use of the compensation device 20 in vehicles with galvanic coupling is particularly advantageous.

[0082] Of course, various changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.

[0083] If, for example, only a single-phase power supply network is present, the conductors 52 ( L2 ) and 53 ( L3 ) can be omitted.

Claims

1. A compensation device (20) for compensating a leakage current, the compensation device (20) comprising a current difference measuring device (22), a first signal generating device (33), an amplifier (28), a signal preprocessing device (24), a control device (26) and a feeding device (39, 41), The control device (26) is designed to enable digital signal processing, The current difference measuring device (22) can be arranged on the active conductor and is designed to detect a first signal (I_DIFF) and feed the first signal to the first signal generating device (33), the first signal (I_DIFF) being analog and characterizing the current difference at the active conductor (51, 52, 53, 54), The first signal generating device (33) is designed to generate a first compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S1) suitable for compensation from the first signal (I_DIFF) by means of analog signal processing and feed the first compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S1) to the amplifier (28) in an analog or digital manner, The signal preprocessing device (24) has an A / D converter (66) and is designed to convert the first signal (I_DIFF) into a third signal (I_DIFF_D) by means of the A / D converter (66) and to feed the third signal (I_DIFF_D) to the control device (26), wherein: The third signal (I_DIFF_D) is a digital signal, The amplifier (28) is designed to generate a compensation current (I_COMP) according to the first compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S1), The control device (26) has a second signal generating device (73) which is designed to generate a second compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S2) suitable for compensation from a third signal (I_DIFF_D) and feed the second compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S2) to the amplifier (28); and The feed device (39, 41) is designed to enable a compensating current to be fed to at least one of the active conductors.

2. The compensation device (20) according to claim 1, wherein: The first signal generating device (33) has a first filter (61) which is designed as a frequency filter.

3. The compensation device (20) according to claim 2, wherein: The first filter (61) has a low-pass filter.

4. The compensation device (20) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The first filter (61) has a high-pass filter.

5. The compensation device (20) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The first filter (61) has: - Band-stop filter, - a bandpass filter, or -Band stop filters and band pass filters.

6. The compensation device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The first signal generating device (33) has a second filter (62) which is designed to invert the first signal (I_DIFF) or a signal (I_DIFF') derived from the first signal (I_DIFF).

7. A compensation device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a compensation current measuring device (30), which is designed to measure the compensation current (I_COMP), generate a second signal (I_COMP_I) characterizing the compensation current (I_COMP), and feed the second signal (I_COMP_I) to the control device (26).

8. The compensation device (20) according to claim 7, wherein: The control device (26) has a monitoring device (76) which is designed to monitor the magnitude of the compensation current (I_COMP) according to the second signal (I_COMP_I).

9. The compensation device (20) according to claim 7, wherein: The control device (26) is designed to generate a second compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S2) according to the second signal (I_COMP_I) and feed the second compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S2) to the amplifier (28).

10. The compensation device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The first signal generating device (33) is designed to analyze at least one first sub-frequency range (F1, F3) of the first signal (I_DIFF) to determine the first compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S1), and the second signal generating device (73) is designed to analyze at least one second sub-frequency range (F2) with respect to the entire frequency range of the first signal (I_DIFF) when determining the second compensation current preset signal (I_COMP_S2).

11. The compensation device according to claim 10, wherein: The at least one first sub-frequency range (F1, F3) does not overlap with the at least one second sub-frequency range (F2).

12. The compensation device according to claim 10, wherein: At least one of the at least one first sub-frequency range (F1, F3) includes frequencies lower than the respective sub-frequency ranges of the at least one second sub-frequency range (F2).

13. The compensation device according to claim 10, wherein: At least one of the at least one first sub-frequency range (F1, F3) includes higher frequencies than the respective sub-frequency ranges of the at least one second sub-frequency range (F2).

14. The compensation device according to claim 10, wherein: A second sub-frequency range is provided.

15. A vehicle (10) having a charging device (12) for an electrical consumer (105), the charging device (12) having a rectifier (100) and an electrical consumer (105) connected directly or indirectly to the rectifier (100), wherein: The electrical consumer (105) is electrically coupled to an active conductor (51, 52, 53, 54), and the charging device (12) has a compensation device (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein: The electrical consumer (105) is designed as a power battery.

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