A lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece and a working method thereof

Abstract

A lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece and a working method thereof, comprising a lathe fixed seat, an end fixed structure, a feed structure, a tool holder structure, and a tailstock structure; the end fixed structure comprises a spindle structure and a chuck fixed structure; the tailstock structure comprises a tailstock guide platform, a first moving structure, a second moving structure, and a tail pressing structure. The workpiece to be processed is fixed by the end fixed structure and the tailstock structure, and according to the size to be processed, the tool holder structure is moved to a designated position under the drive of the feed structure to perform turning. Among them, one end of the workpiece is fixed by the chuck fixed structure in the end fixed structure, and the tail pressing structure in the tailstock structure is moved to a designated position under the drive of the first moving structure and the second moving structure, so as to press the other end of the workpiece. During turning, the workpiece is driven by the spindle structure to rotate at a uniform speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of lathes, in particular to a lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology and social production, mechanical products are becoming more and more complex, and society has put forward higher and higher requirements on the quality and productivity of mechanical products. Especially in industries such as aerospace, shipbuilding, military industry and computers, parts are of high precision, complex shapes, small batches, many varieties, difficult processing and high labor intensity. Traditional mechanical processing methods can hardly guarantee the quality and the identity of parts.

[0003] The lathe mainly uses a turning tool to perform rotary turning on the workpiece, and is one of the important equipment in the mechanical processing industry. The lathes currently used have the following shortcomings: 1) When turning the workpiece, it is necessary to manually fix the workpiece through the three-jaw chuck on the end fixing structure. The worker uses a wrench to turn the small bevel gear in the three-jaw chuck, and adjusts the relative distance between the claws to achieve the clamping and loosening of the workpiece. However, when different operators fix the workpiece, the clamping force they use is not consistent, and the clamping force is too large, which not only easily causes damage to the surface of the workpiece and requires subsequent surface grinding, increasing the labor of the workers; and in the long run, it is easy to cause the claws to wear, and the internal gear parts are damaged, increasing the loss; 2) When the tailstock is tightened against the other end of the workpiece, it is rigidly clamped, and the clamping force is too large, especially for shaft parts with smaller diameters, which are prone to bending under force, thereby affecting the processing quality. If the clamping force is too small, the workpiece is subjected to the turning force of the turning tool during processing, and the processed products have defects such as large shaft runout, and the yield rate is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lathe and a working method thereof that can automatically control the clamping force of the workpiece, thereby solving the problems existing when the lathe is performing turning processing.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides a lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece and a working method thereof, comprising a lathe fixed seat, an end fixed structure, a feed structure, a tool holder structure, and a tailstock structure, wherein the end fixed structure is arranged at the end of the lathe fixed seat, the feed structure is arranged at the side of the lathe fixed seat, the tool holder structure is arranged on the feed structure and located above the lathe fixed seat, and the tailstock structure is arranged on the other end of the lathe fixed seat away from the end fixed structure; the end fixed structure comprises a spindle structure and a chuck fixed structure, and the chuck fixed structure is arranged at one end of the spindle structure; the tailstock structure comprises a tailstock guide platform, a first moving structure, a second moving structure, and a tail tightening structure, wherein the first moving structure is arranged on the tailstock guide platform, the second moving structure is arranged on the first moving structure, and the tail tightening structure is arranged on the second moving structure. The workpiece to be processed is fixed by the end fixed structure and the tailstock structure, and according to the size to be processed, the tool holder structure is driven by the feed structure to move to a designated position to perform turning work. Among them, one end of the workpiece is fixed by the chuck fixing structure in the end fixing structure, and the tail clamping structure in the tailstock structure is moved to the specified position under the drive of the first moving structure and the second moving structure, so as to clamp the other end of the workpiece. During turning, the workpiece rotates at a uniform speed under the drive of the spindle structure.

[0006] Furthermore, the tail tightening structure includes a tightening head fixing structure, a tightening head adjustment structure, a tightening head, and a tightening head pressing structure. The tightening head adjustment structure is arranged on one side of the tightening head fixing structure. The tightening head is arranged inside the tightening head fixing structure, and one end of the tightening head is connected to the tightening head adjustment structure. The tightening head pressing structure is arranged on the tightening head. The tightening head adjustment structure adjusts the relative position of the tightening head on the tightening head fixing structure and is fixed by the tightening head fixing structure. The tightening head pressing structure plays a clamping role when the workpiece is turned.

[0007] Furthermore, the top tightening head fixing structure includes a top tightening head fixing plate, a top tightening head pressing plate, and a locking bolt. The top tightening head pressing plate is arranged on the top tightening head fixing plate and fixed by the locking bolt. The top tightening head fixing plate is provided with a first clamping groove, and the top tightening head pressing plate is provided with a second clamping groove. The top tightening head is placed on the first clamping groove of the top tightening head fixing plate, and is clamped by the second clamping groove of the top tightening head pressing plate, and the locking bolt plays a role of locking and fixing.

[0008] Furthermore, the tightening head adjustment structure includes a connecting rod, a pull rod, a pin, and a latch. The connecting rod and the pull rod are connected by the pin, and the latch is arranged at one end of the pull rod away from the pin.

[0009] Furthermore, the clamping structure of the clamping head includes a first spring fixing seat, a spring, and a second spring fixing seat, wherein the first spring fixing seat and the second spring fixing seat are arranged at both ends of the spring. The spring is arranged on the clamping head through the first spring fixing seat and the second spring fixing seat, and during the turning operation, the spring absorbs the force exerted on the clamping head through its own deformation.

[0010] Furthermore, the chuck fixing structure includes a first fixing plate, a second fixing plate, a claw structure, and an automatic clamping structure. The first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are arranged in parallel. The claw structures have three groups, which are arranged in a circular array with the center of the second fixing plate as the axis. The automatic clamping structure is arranged between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate. The three groups of claw structures adjust their relative distances through the automatic clamping structure, thereby realizing rapid fixing or loosening of the end of the workpiece.

[0011] Furthermore, the claw structure includes a claw fixing seat, a claw, a first claw fixing bolt, and a second claw fixing bolt. The claw is arranged on the claw fixing seat and fixed by the first claw fixing bolt and the second claw fixing bolt. The bottom of the claw fixing seat is provided with a plurality of guide grooves arranged at equal intervals. The guide groove on the claw fixing seat cooperates with the spiral guide block on the large bevel gear, thereby driving the claw thereon to move.

[0012] Furthermore, the automatic clamping structure includes a large bevel gear, an active small bevel gear assembly, a first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly, and a second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly. The active small bevel gear assembly, the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly, and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly are arranged in a circular array on the side of the large bevel gear with the center of the large bevel gear as the center; one side of the large bevel gear is provided with bevel teeth, and the opposite side is provided with a spiral guide block; the active small bevel gear assembly includes a motor, a coupling, an active small bevel gear, and an active small bevel gear fixing ring. The motor shaft end is connected to one end of the active small bevel gear through a coupling, and the active small bevel gear fixing ring is set on the active small bevel gear shaft; the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly have the same structure, the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly includes an auxiliary small bevel gear and an auxiliary small bevel gear fixing ring, and the auxiliary small bevel gear fixing ring is set on the auxiliary small bevel gear shaft. The motor in the active pinion bevel gear assembly drives the active pinion bevel gear to rotate under the support of the active pinion bevel gear fixing ring through the coupling, thereby cooperating with the auxiliary pinion bevel gear to drive the large bevel gear to rotate, and the three sets of claw structures move relative positions along the spiral guide block on the large bevel gear, thereby realizing automatic clamping and open work of the workpiece.

[0013] Further, a working method of a lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece, the specific steps are as follows:

[0014] 1) The automatic clamping structure in the chuck fixing structure drives the large bevel gear to rotate through the active small bevel gear assembly, the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly, and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly, thereby driving the claw fixing seats in the three sets of claw structures thereon to drive the claws to move in the opposite direction;

[0015] 2) Place one end of the workpiece to be turned between the jaws of the three sets of jaw structures;

[0016] 3) At this time, the automatic clamping structure drives the large bevel gear to rotate in the opposite direction through the active small bevel gear assembly, the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly, and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly, thereby driving the claw fixing seats in the three sets of claw structures on it to drive the claws to move in the same direction, thereby automatically clamping the workpiece;

[0017] 4) The tail tightening structure in the tailstock structure reaches the designated position under the drive of the first moving structure and the second moving structure;

[0018] 5) The tightening head adjustment structure adjusts the position of the tightening head, and after the end of the workpiece is pressed against the tightening head, it is fixed by the tightening head fixing structure;

[0019] 6) The tool rest structure, driven by the feed structure, performs turning work according to the requirements of the workpiece;

[0020] 7) After turning is completed, the clamping head fixing structure in the tailstock structure is loosened, and the active small bevel gear assembly, the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly, and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly in the automatic clamping structure are driven to rotate the large bevel gear, thereby driving the claws of the three sets of claw structures thereon to move in the opposite direction and loosen the workpiece;

[0021] 8) Repeat this cycle to carry out turning of the next workpiece.

[0022] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) A tail tightening structure with elastic parts is provided, so that it can prevent deformation of the workpiece while pressing it, thereby improving the quality of the workpiece; 2) An automatic clamping structure is provided, so that the end of the workpiece to be turned is automatically clamped, which not only greatly improves the work efficiency, but also plays a good control role in the clamping force of the workpiece, avoids problems caused by excessive or insufficient clamping force, and greatly extends the service life of equipment parts; 3) The structure is simple, easy to operate, and has wide applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the tail tightening structure;

[0025] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of the chuck fixing structure;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the claw structure;

[0027] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional diagram of the automatic clamping structure;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the large bevel gear.

[0029] In the figure: lathe fixed seat 1, end fixing structure 2, spindle structure 21, chuck fixing structure 22, first fixing plate 221, second fixing plate 222, claw structure 223, claw fixing seat 2231, claw 2232, first claw fixing bolt 2233, second claw fixing bolt 2234, automatic clamping structure 224, large bevel gear 2241, bevel gear 22411, spiral guide block 22142, active small bevel gear assembly 2242, motor 22421, coupling 22422, active small bevel gear 22423, active small bevel gear fixing ring 22424, first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly 2243, auxiliary small bevel gear 2 2431, auxiliary small bevel gear fixing ring 22432, second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly 2244, feeding structure 3, tool holder structure 4, tailstock structure 5, tailstock guide platform 51, first moving structure 52, second moving structure 53, tail tightening structure 54, tightening head fixing structure 541, tightening head fixing plate 5411, tightening head clamping plate 5412, locking bolt 5413, tightening head adjustment structure 542, connecting rod 5421, pull rod 5422, pin 5423, latch 5424, tightening head 543, tightening head clamping structure 544, first spring fixing seat 5441, spring 5442, second spring fixing seat 5443. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly specified.

[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] like Figure 1The front view of the present invention is shown, which includes a lathe fixed seat 1, an end fixed structure 2, a feed structure 3, a tool holder structure 4, and a tail stock structure 5. The end fixed structure 2 is arranged at the end of the lathe fixed seat 1, the feed structure 3 is arranged at the side of the lathe fixed seat 1, the tool holder structure 4 is arranged on the feed structure 3 and is located above the lathe fixed seat 1, and the tail stock structure 5 is arranged on the other end of the lathe fixed seat 1 away from the end fixed structure 2; the end fixed structure 2 includes a spindle structure 21 and a chuck fixed structure 22, and the chuck fixed structure 22 is arranged at one end of the spindle structure 21; the tail stock structure 5 includes a tail stock guide platform 51, a first moving structure 52, a second moving structure 53 and a tail tightening structure 54, the first moving structure 52 is arranged on the tail stock guide platform 51, the second moving structure 53 is arranged on the first moving structure 52, and the tail tightening structure 54 is arranged on the second moving structure 53.

[0037] like Figure 2 The figure shows a three-dimensional diagram of the tail tightening structure 54, which includes a tightening head fixing structure 541, a tightening head adjustment structure 542, a tightening head 543, and a tightening head pressing structure 544. The tightening head adjustment structure 542 is arranged on one side of the tightening head fixing structure 541, the tightening head 543 is arranged inside the tightening head fixing structure 541, one end of which is connected to the tightening head adjustment structure 542, and the tightening head pressing structure 544 is arranged on the tightening head 543.

[0038] The top tightening head fixing structure 541 includes a top tightening head fixing plate 5411, a top tightening head clamping plate 5412, and a locking bolt 5413. The top tightening head clamping plate 5412 is arranged on the top tightening head fixing plate 5411 and is fixed by the locking bolt 5413. The top tightening head fixing plate 5411 is provided with a first clamping groove 54111, and the top tightening head clamping plate 5412 is provided with a second clamping groove 54112.

[0039] The tightening head adjustment structure 542 includes a connecting rod 5421 , a pull rod 5422 , a pin 5423 , and a latch 5424 . The connecting rod 5421 and the pull rod 5422 are connected via the pin 5423 , and the latch 5424 is disposed at one end of the pull rod 5422 away from the pin 5423 .

[0040] The clamping head clamping structure 544 includes a first spring fixing seat 5441 , a spring 5442 , and a second spring fixing seat 5443 . The first spring fixing seat 5441 and the second spring fixing seat 5443 are arranged at two ends of the spring 5442 .

[0041] like Figure 3The figure shows a three-dimensional diagram of the chuck fixing structure 22, which includes a first fixing plate 221, a second fixing plate 222, a claw structure 223, and an automatic clamping structure 224. The first fixing plate 221 and the second fixing plate 222 are arranged in parallel. There are three groups of the claw structures 223, which are arranged in a circular array with the center of the second fixing plate 222 as the axis. The automatic clamping structure 224 is arranged between the first fixing plate 221 and the second fixing plate 222.

[0042] like Figure 4 The figure shows a three-dimensional diagram of the claw structure 223, which includes a claw fixing seat 2231, a claw 2232, a first claw fixing bolt 2233, and a second claw fixing bolt 2234. The claw 2232 is arranged on the claw fixing seat 2231 and is fixed by the first claw fixing bolt 2233 and the second claw fixing bolt 2234. A plurality of guide grooves 22311 are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the claw fixing seat 2231.

[0043] like Figure 5 The figure shows a stereoscopic view of the automatic clamping structure 224, which includes a large bevel gear 2241, a driving small bevel gear assembly 2242, a first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly 2243, and a second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly 2244. The driving small bevel gear assembly 2242, the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly 2243, and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly 2244 are arranged on the side of the large bevel gear 2241 in a circular array with the center of the large bevel gear 2241 as the center; Figure 6 The figure shows a stereoscopic view of the large bevel gear 2241, one side of which is provided with a bevel tooth 22411, and the opposite side thereof is provided with a spiral guide block 22142; the active pinion gear assembly 2242 includes a motor 22421, a coupling 22422, an active pinion gear 22423, and an active pinion gear fixing ring 22424, the shaft end of the motor 22421 is connected to one end of the active pinion gear 22423 through the coupling 22422, and the active pinion gear fixing ring 22424 is arranged on the shaft of the active pinion gear 22423; the first auxiliary pinion gear assembly 2243 and the second auxiliary pinion gear assembly 2244 have the same structure, the first auxiliary pinion gear assembly 2243 includes an auxiliary pinion gear 22431 and an auxiliary pinion gear fixing ring 22432, and the auxiliary pinion gear fixing ring 22432 is arranged on the shaft of the auxiliary pinion gear 22431.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece, characterized in that: The lathe comprises a lathe fixing seat (1), an end fixing structure (2), a feeding structure (3), a tool holder structure (4), and a tailstock structure (5), wherein the end fixing structure (2) is arranged at the end of the lathe fixing seat (1), the feeding structure (3) is arranged at the side of the lathe fixing seat (1), the tool holder structure (4) is arranged on the feeding structure (3) and is located above the lathe fixing seat (1), and the tailstock structure (5) is arranged on the other end of the lathe fixing seat (1) away from the end fixing structure (2); the end fixing structure (2) comprises a spindle structure (21) and a chuck fixing structure (22), the chuck fixing structure (22) is arranged at one end of the spindle structure (21); the tailstock structure (5) is arranged on the feed structure (3) and is located above the lathe fixing seat (1); The base structure (5) comprises a tailstock guide platform (51), a first movable structure (52), a second movable structure (53) and a tail-end tightening structure (54); the first movable structure (52) is arranged on the tailstock guide platform (51); the second movable structure (53) is arranged on the first movable structure (52); and the tail-end tightening structure (54) is arranged on the second movable structure (53); the tail-end tightening structure (54) comprises a tightening head fixing structure (541), a tightening head adjusting structure (542), a tightening head (543), and a tightening head pressing structure (544); the tightening head adjusting structure (542) is arranged on one side of the tightening head fixing structure (541); The top tightening head (543) is arranged inside the top tightening head fixing structure (541), and one end of the top tightening head is connected to the top tightening head adjustment structure (542); the top tightening head pressing structure (544) is arranged on the top tightening head (543); the top tightening head fixing structure (541) comprises a top tightening head fixing plate (5411), a top tightening head pressing plate (5412), and a locking bolt (5413); the top tightening head pressing plate (5412) is arranged on the top tightening head fixing plate (5411) and is fixed by the locking bolt (5413); the top tightening head fixing plate (5411) is provided with a first clamping groove (54111), and the top tightening head pressing plate (5412) is provided with a second clamping groove (54111). The tightening head adjustment structure (542) comprises a connecting rod (5421), a pull rod (5422), a pin (5423), and a latch (5424); the connecting rod (5421) and the pull rod (5422) are connected via the pin (5423); the latch (5424) is arranged at one end of the pull rod (5422) away from the pin (5423); the tightening head clamping structure (544) comprises a first spring fixing seat (5441), a spring (5442), and a second spring fixing seat (5443); the first spring fixing seat (5441) and the second spring fixing seat (5443) are arranged at both ends of the spring (5442); The chuck fixing structure (22) comprises a first fixing disk (221), a second fixing disk (222), a claw structure (223), and an automatic clamping structure (224); the first fixing disk (221) and the second fixing disk (222) are arranged in parallel; the claw structures (223) have three groups in total and are arranged in a circular array with the center of the second fixing disk (222) as the axis; and the automatic clamping structure (224) is arranged between the first fixing disk (221) and the second fixing disk (222).

2. The lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The claw structure (223) comprises a claw fixing seat (2231), a claw (2232), a first claw fixing bolt (2233), and a second claw fixing bolt (2234); the claw (2232) is arranged on the claw fixing seat (2231) and fixed by the first claw fixing bolt (2233) and the second claw fixing bolt (2234); a plurality of guide grooves (22311) arranged at equal intervals are provided at the bottom of the claw fixing seat (2231).

3. The lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece according to claim 2, characterized in that: The automatic clamping structure (224) comprises a large bevel gear (2241), a driving small bevel gear assembly (2242), a first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2243), and a second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2244); the driving small bevel gear assembly (2242), the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2243), and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2244) are arranged in a circular array on the side of the large bevel gear (2241) with the center of the large bevel gear (2241) as the center; one side of the large bevel gear (2241) is provided with a bevel tooth (22411), and the opposite side thereof is provided with a spiral guide block (22142); the driving small bevel gear assembly (2242) comprises a motor (22421), a coupling (2242 2), a driving pinion gear (22423), and a driving pinion gear fixing ring (22424), the shaft end of the motor (22421) is connected to one end of the driving pinion gear (22423) through a coupling (22422), and the driving pinion gear fixing ring (22424) is arranged on the shaft of the driving pinion gear (22423); the first auxiliary pinion gear assembly (2243) and the second auxiliary pinion gear assembly (2244) have the same structure, and the first auxiliary pinion gear assembly (2243) includes an auxiliary pinion gear (22431) and an auxiliary pinion gear fixing ring (22432), and the auxiliary pinion gear fixing ring (22432) is arranged on the shaft of the auxiliary pinion gear (22431).

4. A method for operating a lathe capable of automatically controlling the clamping force of a workpiece as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: The automatic clamping structure (224) in the chuck fixing structure (22) drives the large bevel gear (2241) to rotate through the active small bevel gear assembly (2242), the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2243), and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2244), thereby driving the claw fixing seat (2231) in the three groups of claw structures (223) thereon to drive the claws (2232) to move in the opposite direction; Placing one end of a workpiece to be turned between the jaws (2232) of the three sets of jaw structures (223); At this time, the automatic clamping structure (224) drives the large bevel gear (2241) to rotate in the opposite direction through the active small bevel gear assembly (2242), the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2243), and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2244), thereby driving the claw fixing seat (2231) in the three groups of claw structures (223) thereon to drive the claws (2232) to move in the same direction, thereby automatically clamping the workpiece; The tail holding structure (54) in the tailstock structure (5) reaches a designated position under the drive of the first moving structure (52) and the second moving structure (53); The tightening head adjustment structure (542) adjusts the position of the tightening head (543), and after the end of the workpiece is pressed against the tightening head, the workpiece is fixed by the tightening head fixing structure (541); The tool holder structure (4) is driven by the feed structure (3) to perform turning work according to the requirements of the workpiece; After turning is completed, the clamping head fixing structure (541) in the tailstock structure (5) is released, and the active small bevel gear assembly (2242), the first auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2243), and the second auxiliary small bevel gear assembly (2244) in the automatic clamping structure (224) are driven to rotate the large bevel gear (2241), thereby driving the claws (2232) of the three sets of claw structures (223) thereon to move in opposite directions, thereby releasing the workpiece; This cycle is repeated to carry out the turning of the next workpiece.

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