A combined device and use method for improving the effect of open-pit deep hole pre-splitting blasting

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of pre-splitting blasting in slope blasting, and in particular to a combination device and a method of use for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of open-pit deep holes. A combination device for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of open-pit deep holes comprises a hole mouth reinforcement plug device and a hole bottom three-way reinforcement device; a method of using a combination device for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of open-pit deep holes comprises the following steps: arranging a row of equally spaced blastholes on the slope line to be blasted, and then loading explosives, hole mouth reinforcement plug devices and hole bottom three-way reinforcement devices into all blastholes for blasting. The hole mouth reinforcement plug device of the present invention improves the hole mouth blockage, making the blockage section more solid and increasing the action time of the detonation gas; the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device increases the radial seam energy and weakens the annular crack direction energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of pre-splitting blasting in slope blasting, and in particular to a combined device and a use method for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of open-pit deep hole. Background Art

[0002] Pre-splitting blasting is a commonly used blasting method for slope control blasting. It refers to the arrangement of dense blastholes along the excavation boundary, the use of uncoupled charging or loading of low-power explosives. Before the main blasting area is detonated, the pre-splitting holes will explode first, thus forming a pre-crack between the blasting area and the retained area, so as to reduce the damage to the retained rock mass during blasting in the main blasting area and form a flat and smooth contour surface (or pre-crack).

[0003] At present, most pre-splitting blasting charging technologies generally adopt the traditional pre-splitting blasting method, which generally has the disadvantages that the hole mouth section is relatively broken and the hole bottom section causes great damage to the rock. The present invention is based on the traditional theory and returns to the basic theory of pre-splitting blasting. By increasing the action time of the explosion gas, reducing the peak value of the explosion gas hole mouth section, improving the energy utilization rate of the explosive, the energy gathering effect, the gas blade effect, and increasing the safety factor, after a large number of engineering tests, the technical parameters are adjusted and a combined device and method of use for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of open-pit deep holes are invented. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined device and a method for using the combined device to improve the effect of open-pit deep hole pre-splitting blasting in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0005] A combined device for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of open-pit deep holes comprises a hole mouth reinforcement plug device and a hole bottom three-way reinforcement device; a first strip of emulsion explosive is arranged in the middle of the hole mouth reinforcement plug device, a first radial reinforcement sleeve is arranged outside the first strip of emulsion explosive, a first axial reinforcement cap is arranged above the first radial reinforcement sleeve, a first detonating cord hole is arranged on the first axial reinforcement cap, a first spring buckle is arranged between the first strip of emulsion explosive and the first radial reinforcement sleeve for fixing, a first threaded buckle is arranged between the first axial reinforcement cap and the first radial reinforcement sleeve for fixing, a reinforcement seam is arranged on the side of the first axial reinforcement cap, Five first jet holes are arranged on the side of the first radial reinforcement sleeve; a second strip of emulsion explosive is arranged in the middle of the three-way reinforcement device at the bottom of the hole, a second radial reinforcement sleeve is arranged outside the second strip of emulsion explosive, a second axial reinforcement cap is arranged above the second radial reinforcement sleeve, a second detonating cord hole is arranged on the second axial reinforcement cap, a second spring buckle is arranged between the second strip of emulsion explosive and the second radial reinforcement sleeve for fixing, a second threaded buckle is arranged between the second axial reinforcement cap and the second radial reinforcement sleeve for fixing, a reinforcement hole is arranged on the side of the second axial reinforcement cap, and five second jet holes are arranged on the side of the second radial reinforcement sleeve.

[0006] Furthermore, the thickness A of the first radial reinforcement sleeve is 5 cm, the distance D between the inner wall of the first radial reinforcement sleeve and the first strip-shaped emulsion explosive is 5 cm, the diameter R1 of the first axial reinforcement cap is 125 cm, the height H1 of the first axial reinforcement cap is 5 cm, the height of the first radial reinforcement sleeve is 30 cm, and the diameter R2 of the first radial reinforcement sleeve is 135 cm.

[0007] Furthermore, the thickness A′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve is 5 cm, the distance D′ between the inner wall of the second radial reinforcement sleeve and the second strip-shaped emulsion explosive is 5 cm, the diameter R1′ of the second axial reinforcement cap is 125 cm, the height H1′ of the second axial reinforcement cap is 5 cm, the height H2′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve is 30 cm, and the diameter R2′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve is 135 cm.

[0008] A method for using a combined device for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of an open-pit deep hole, wherein the hole mouth reinforcement plug device and the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device are installed in a blast hole for pre-blasting, and the pre-blasting comprises the following steps: firstly, a row of blast holes with equal spacing are arranged on a slope line to be blasted; secondly, explosives, hole mouth reinforcement plug devices and hole bottom three-way reinforcement devices are loaded into all blast holes, and blasting is performed after confirmation.

[0009] Furthermore, the blasthole includes a rock powder blocking section, a weakened charge section, a normal charge section, and a reinforced charge section from top to bottom, and is penetrated by a detonating cord; the reinforced charge section is arranged at the bottom section of the blasthole, and one reinforced charge section is arranged; the normal charge section is arranged in the middle of the blasthole, and three normal charge sections are arranged at equal intervals; the weakened charge section is arranged at the upper part of the blasthole, and one weakened charge section is arranged; the orifice reinforcement plug device is installed between the weakened charge section and the rock powder blocking section, the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device is installed above the reinforcement charge section, and the orifice reinforcement plug device and the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device are tightly fitted with the pre-splitting blasting blasthole charging structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the length of the enhanced charge section is L1=0.15L, the length of the normal charge section is L2=0.45L, the length of the weakened charge section including the rock powder blockage section is L3=0.4L, and the length of the weakened charge section excluding the rock powder blockage section is L4=0.25L1=0.05L.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the orifice reinforcement plug device of the present invention improves the orifice plugging, making the plugging section more solid, effectively preventing rock powder from falling, and increasing the action time of the detonation gas; the device uses the energy gathering principle to design the orifice reinforcement device, increases the radial seam forming energy, and weakens the energy in the direction of the annular crack; the reinforcement plug device shortens the operation time, is simple and effective, and saves the cost of explosives; the three-way reinforcement device at the bottom of the hole of the present invention uses the energy gathering principle to design the orifice reinforcement device, increases the radial seam forming energy, and weakens the energy in the direction of the annular crack; the three-way reinforcement device at the bottom of the hole and the orifice form a cutting combiner to accelerate the overall pre-cracking seam forming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the orifice reinforcement plug device of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 A side view of the orifice reinforcement plug device of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 A top view of the orifice reinforcement plug device of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the three-way reinforcement device for the bottom of a hole of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 It is a side view of the three-way reinforcement device for the bottom of a hole of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6 It is a top view of the three-way reinforcing device for the bottom of a hole of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 7 A diagram showing the method of using the pre-splitting blasting of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 8 It is a position diagram of the hole mouth reinforcement plug device and the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device of the present invention in the pre-splitting blasting blasthole charging structure;

[0021] Figure numerals: first spring buckle 11, second spring buckle 12, first threaded buckle 21, second threaded buckle 22, first axial reinforcement cap 31, second axial reinforcement cap 32, first radial reinforcement sleeve 41, second radial reinforcement sleeve 42, first detonating cord hole 51, second detonating cord hole 52, first jet hole 61, second jet hole 62, reinforcement seam 7, reinforcement hole 8, first strip emulsion explosive 91, second strip emulsion explosive 92. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] A combined device for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of open-pit deep holes comprises a hole mouth reinforcement plug device and a hole bottom three-way reinforcement device; a first strip emulsion explosive 91 is arranged in the middle of the hole mouth reinforcement plug device, a first radial reinforcement sleeve 41 is arranged outside the first strip emulsion explosive 91, a first axial reinforcement cap 31 is arranged above the first radial reinforcement sleeve 41, a first detonating cord hole 51 is arranged on the first axial reinforcement cap 31, a first spring buckle 11 is arranged between the first strip emulsion explosive 91 and the first radial reinforcement sleeve 41 for fixing, a first threaded buckle 21 is arranged between the first axial reinforcement cap 31 and the first radial reinforcement sleeve 41 for fixing, a reinforcement seam 7 is arranged on the side of the first axial reinforcement cap 31, and a first radial reinforcement cap 31 is arranged on the side of the first axial reinforcement cap 31. Five first jet holes 61 are provided on the side of the reinforcement sleeve 41; a second strip of emulsion explosive 92 is provided in the middle of the three-way reinforcement device at the bottom of the hole, a second radial reinforcement sleeve 42 is provided outside the second strip of emulsion explosive 92, a second axial reinforcement cap 32 is provided above the second radial reinforcement sleeve 42, a second detonating cord hole 52 is provided on the second axial reinforcement cap 32, a second spring buckle 12 is provided between the second strip of emulsion explosive 92 and the second radial reinforcement sleeve 42 for fixing, a second threaded buckle 22 is provided between the second axial reinforcement cap 32 and the second radial reinforcement sleeve 42 for fixing, a reinforcement hole 8 is provided on the side of the second axial reinforcement cap 32, and five second jet holes 62 are provided on the side of the second radial reinforcement sleeve 42.

[0025] Preferably, the thickness A of the first radial reinforcement sleeve 41 is 5 cm, the distance D between the inner wall of the first radial reinforcement sleeve 41 and the first strip-shaped emulsion explosive 91 is 5 cm, the diameter R1 of the first axial reinforcement cap 31 is 125 cm, the height H1 of the first axial reinforcement cap 31 is 5 cm, the height of the first radial reinforcement sleeve 41 is 30 cm, and the diameter R2 of the first radial reinforcement sleeve 41 is 135 cm.

[0026] Preferably, the thickness A′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve 42 is 5 cm, the distance D′ between the inner wall of the second radial reinforcement sleeve 42 and the second strip-shaped emulsion explosive 92 is 5 cm, the diameter R1′ of the second axial reinforcement cap 32 is 125 cm, the height H1′ of the second axial reinforcement cap 32 is 5 cm, the height H2′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve 42 is 30 cm, and the diameter R2′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve 42 is 135 cm.

[0027] A method for using a combined device for improving the pre-splitting blasting effect of an open-pit deep hole, wherein the hole mouth reinforcement plug device and the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device are installed in a blast hole for pre-blasting, and the pre-blasting comprises the following steps: firstly, a row of blast holes with equal spacing are arranged on a slope line to be blasted; secondly, explosives, hole mouth reinforcement plug devices and hole bottom three-way reinforcement devices are loaded into all blast holes, and blasting is performed after confirmation.

[0028] Preferably, the blasthole includes a rock powder plugging section, a weakened charge section, a normal charge section, and a reinforced charge section from top to bottom, and is penetrated by a detonating cord; the reinforced charge section is arranged at the bottom section of the blasthole, and one reinforced charge section is arranged; the normal charge section is arranged in the middle of the blasthole, and three normal charge sections are arranged at equal intervals; the weakened charge section is arranged at the upper part of the blasthole, and one weakened charge section is arranged; the orifice reinforcement plug device is installed between the weakened charge section and the rock powder plugging section, the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device is installed above the reinforcement charge section, and the orifice reinforcement plug device and the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device are tightly attached to the pre-splitting blasting blasthole charging structure.

[0029] Preferably, the length of the enhanced charge section is L1=0.15L, the length of the normal charge section is L2=0.45L, the length of the weakened charge section including the rock powder blockage section is L3=0.4L, and the length of the weakened charge section excluding the rock powder blockage section is L4=0.25L1=0.05L.

[0030] The orifice reinforcement plug device of the present invention improves the orifice plugging, making the plugging section more solid, effectively preventing rock powder from falling down, and increasing the action time of the detonation gas; the device uses the energy gathering principle to design the orifice reinforcement device, increases the radial seam forming energy, and weakens the energy in the direction of the annular crack; the reinforcement plug device shortens the operation time, is simple and effective, and saves the cost of explosives; the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device of the present invention uses the energy gathering principle to design the orifice reinforcement device, increases the radial seam forming energy, and weakens the energy in the direction of the annular crack; the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device and the orifice form a cutting combiner to accelerate the overall pre-cracking seam forming.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined device for improving the effect of open-pit deep hole pre-splitting blasting, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hole mouth reinforcement plug device and a hole bottom three-way reinforcement device; a first strip of emulsion explosive (91) is arranged in the middle of the hole mouth reinforcement plug device, a first radial reinforcement sleeve (41) is arranged outside the first strip of emulsion explosive (91), a first axial reinforcement cap (31) is arranged above the first radial reinforcement sleeve (41), a first detonating cord hole (51) is arranged on the first axial reinforcement cap (31), a first spring buckle (11) is arranged between the first strip of emulsion explosive (91) and the first radial reinforcement sleeve (41) for fixing, a first threaded buckle (21) is arranged between the first axial reinforcement cap (31) and the first radial reinforcement sleeve (41) for fixing, a reinforcement seam (7) is arranged on the side of the first axial reinforcement cap (31), and five first radial reinforcement sleeves (41) are arranged on the side. a jet hole (61); a second strip of emulsion explosive (92) is provided in the middle of the three-way reinforcement device at the bottom of the hole; a second radial reinforcement sleeve (42) is provided outside the second strip of emulsion explosive (92); a second axial reinforcement cap (32) is provided above the second radial reinforcement sleeve (42); a second detonating cord hole (52) is provided on the second axial reinforcement cap (32); a second spring buckle (12) is provided between the second strip of emulsion explosive (92) and the second radial reinforcement sleeve (42) for fixing; a second threaded buckle (22) is provided between the second axial reinforcement cap (32) and the second radial reinforcement sleeve (42) for fixing; a reinforcement hole (8) is provided on the side of the second axial reinforcement cap (32); and five second jet holes (62) are provided on the side of the second radial reinforcement sleeve (42).

2. A combined device for improving the effect of open-pit deep hole pre-splitting blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness A of the first radial reinforcement sleeve (41) is 5 cm, the distance D between the inner wall of the first radial reinforcement sleeve (41) and the first strip-shaped emulsion explosive (91) is 5 cm, the diameter R1 of the first axial reinforcement cap (31) is 125 cm, the height H1 of the first axial reinforcement cap (31) is 5 cm, the height H2 of the first radial reinforcement sleeve (41) is 30 cm, and the diameter R2 of the first radial reinforcement sleeve (41) is 135 cm.

3. A combined device for improving the effect of open-pit deep hole pre-splitting blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness A′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve (42) is 5 cm, the distance D′ between the inner wall of the second radial reinforcement sleeve (42) and the second strip-shaped emulsion explosive (92) is 5 cm, the diameter R1′ of the second axial reinforcement cap (32) is 125 cm, the height H1′ of the second axial reinforcement cap (32) is 5 cm, the height H2′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve (42) is 30 cm, and the diameter R2′ of the second radial reinforcement sleeve (42) is 135 cm.

4. A method for using the combined device for improving the effect of open-pit deep hole pre-splitting blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The hole mouth reinforcement plug device and the three-way reinforcement device at the bottom of the hole are installed in the blast hole for pre-blasting, and the pre-blasting includes the following steps: firstly, a row of blast holes with equal spacing are arranged on the slope line to be blasted; secondly, explosives, hole mouth reinforcement plug devices and three-way reinforcement devices at the bottom of the hole are loaded into all the blast holes, and blasting is carried out after confirmation.

5. The method for using the combined device for improving the effect of open-pit deep hole pre-splitting blasting according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The blasthole includes a rock powder blocking section, a weakened charge section, a normal charge section, and a reinforced charge section from top to bottom, and is penetrated by a detonating cord; the reinforced charge section is arranged at the bottom section of the blasthole, and one reinforced charge section is arranged; the normal charge section is arranged in the middle of the blasthole, and three normal charge sections are arranged at equal intervals; the weakened charge section is arranged at the upper part of the blasthole, and one weakened charge section is arranged; the orifice reinforcement plug device is installed between the weakened charge section and the rock powder blocking section, the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device is installed above the reinforcement charge section, and the orifice reinforcement plug device and the hole bottom three-way reinforcement device are tightly fitted with the pre-splitting blasting blasthole charge structure.

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